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B2 verb #3,500 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

명시하다

myeongsihada Top 3,500

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Erklärung 명시하다 in your Level:

명시하다 is a difficult word for beginners. At the A1 level, you don't need to use this word. Instead, you use simple words like '쓰다' (to write) or '말하다' (to speak). If you want to say something is clear, you might say '정확하게 써요' (Write it accurately). You might see this word on very official forms, but usually, simple Korean is used for beginners. Think of it as a very 'serious' version of 'to write down'. For example, if a teacher says 'Write your name clearly,' an A1 student says '이름을 잘 쓰세요,' but a legal document would say '성명을 명시하십시오.' It is too formal for daily life at this level.

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At the A2 level, you start to learn more formal words. You might see 명시하다 in simple public notices or instructions. For example, 'Please write your address clearly' can be '주소를 명시해 주세요.' You should understand that this word is used when the information is very important. It is not for stories or talking about your day. It is for information that must be correct. You might see it in a library's rules or a simple application for a Korean class. When you see 명시, think: 'This is a specific detail I must not miss.'

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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate Korean. You will encounter 명시하다 in TOPIK I and early TOPIK II materials. You should understand that it means 'to state explicitly.' In B1, you might use it when writing a formal email to a professor or a company. For example, 'I have specified the reason for my absence in the attached file.' (첨부 파일에 결석 사유를 명시했습니다.) This word helps you sound more polite and professional. You should also recognize the passive form '명시되어 있다' (to be specified) when reading instructions for exams or tasks.

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This is the level where 명시하다 becomes a key vocabulary word. As a B2 learner, you are expected to discuss social issues, read news articles, and understand formal contracts. You must know that 명시하다 is used to prevent confusion (혼동을 피하기 위해). You should use it in your TOPIK II writing tasks when discussing laws, policies, or logical proofs. For instance, when arguing for a new law, you might say, 'The law should clearly specify the rights of workers.' (법은 노동자의 권리를 명시해야 한다.) You should distinguish it from '표시하다' (to mark) and '암시하다' (to imply).

At the C1 level, you use 명시하다 with precision in academic and professional contexts. You understand its role in legal discourse, such as '명시적 합의' (explicit agreement) versus '묵시적 합의' (implicit agreement). You can use it to critique a text, noting where certain definitions are not '명시-doen' (specified). You also understand related Hanja terms like '명문화' (codification). In a business meeting, you might use it to demand clarity: '계약 조건에 이 부분을 명시하는 것이 좋겠습니다.' (It would be better to specify this part in the contract terms.) You use it to ensure accountability and eliminate ambiguity in high-level discussions.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 명시하다. You understand its subtle nuances in constitutional law, international treaties, and philosophical texts. You can use it metaphorically or in highly specialized fields. You are comfortable with complex sentence structures like '명시된 바에 따라' (according to what is specified) and can debate the legal implications of a word being '명시' versus '유추' (inferred). You use this word effortlessly in scholarly writing or when drafting high-stakes professional documents. Your usage reflects an understanding that 명시하다 is about the authority of the written word and the formalization of intent.

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명시하다 means to state something explicitly and clearly, usually in writing.
It is common in legal, business, and formal academic contexts.
It helps prevent ambiguity and ensures all parties understand the rules.
The passive form '명시되어 있다' is often used to describe document contents.

The Korean verb 명시하다 (myeongsihada) is a cornerstone of formal communication, particularly in legal, administrative, and professional settings. At its core, it means to state something with such clarity and precision that there is no room for misinterpretation or doubt. While English speakers might use 'specify,' 'state clearly,' or 'explicitly define,' 명시하다 carries a weight of officiality. It is almost always associated with written documents, rules, or formal declarations where ambiguity could lead to serious consequences.

Legal Precision: In the world of law, if a right or a duty is not 'myeongsi-doen' (specified), it might as well not exist. Lawyers use this word when drafting contracts to ensure every clause is ironclad. For example, a contract must 명시하다 the exact payment date to avoid late fees disputes.

계약서에는 환불 규정이 명시되어 있어야 합니다. (The refund policy must be clearly stated in the contract.)

Academic and Technical Writing: When writing a thesis or a technical manual, you must 명시하다 your methodology or the safety protocols. It involves taking an abstract idea and pinning it down into concrete words on paper.

In everyday life, you might encounter this word when dealing with terms of service, university applications, or government notices. If a notice says, 'Please 명시하다 your reason for application,' it is asking for a specific, clear statement, not a vague hint. It is the opposite of '암시하다' (amsihada), which means to imply or hint at something indirectly.

사용 설명서에 주의 사항을 명시하는 것이 중요합니다. (It is important to clearly specify the precautions in the instruction manual.)

Understanding this word is crucial for B2 level learners because it marks the transition from general conversational Korean to the 'professional' Korean needed for work or study in Korea. It appears frequently in TOPIK II reading passages and writing tasks, particularly when discussing social issues, laws, or logical arguments. When you use 명시하다 instead of just '말하다' (to talk) or '쓰다' (to write), you signal that you are discussing a formal requirement or a definitive statement.

The Nuance of 'Explicit': While '밝히다' (to reveal/clarify) is similar, 명시하다 specifically implies that the information is recorded or presented in a way that serves as a formal reference. It is the gold standard for transparency in bureaucracy.

Using 명시하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical patterns. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires an object—the thing being stated clearly. Typically, this object is followed by the object marker (~을/를). Additionally, the location where the statement is made (like a contract or a document) is marked with ~에.

헌법은 국민의 기본권을 명시하고 있습니다. (The Constitution clearly states the basic rights of the citizens.)

Another common form is the passive-like state 명시되어 있다 (to be clearly stated). This is used when focusing on the current status of a document rather than the person who wrote it. In legal contexts, you will often see '명시된 바와 같이' (as specified in...), which is a formal way to refer back to a previous clause.

Pattern 1: [Document] + 에 + [Content] + 을/를 + 명시하다: This is the active voice. Example: '회사는 근로 계약서에 급여를 명시해야 한다.' (The company must specify the salary in the labor contract.)

정부는 새로운 법안에 처벌 수위를 명시했습니다. (The government specified the level of punishment in the new bill.)

Pattern 2: [Content] + 이/가 + [Document] + 에 + 명시되어 있다: This describes the state of the document. Example: '조건이 약관에 명시되어 있지 않습니다.' (The conditions are not specified in the terms and conditions.)

When using 명시하다 in professional emails, it adds a layer of authority. Instead of saying 'I wrote the deadline below,' saying '마감 기한을 아래에 명시하였습니다' makes you sound more competent and precise. It shows that you have intentionally provided the information to prevent any future confusion.

신청서에 연락처를 정확히 명시해 주시기 바랍니다. (Please clearly specify your contact information on the application form.)

Formal Declarations: It is also used for verbal statements that are intended to be official, though written contexts are more common. '그는 자신의 입장을 명시했다' means he stated his position clearly and officially.

You won't hear 명시하다 in a casual chat between friends at a cafe, but you will hear it constantly in 'official' Korean society. If you watch Korean news (뉴스), listen to political debates, or follow business reports, this word will appear whenever someone is discussing rules, laws, or public promises.

이번 조례안에는 환경 보호 의무가 명시되었습니다. (Environmental protection duties were clearly stated in this ordinance.)

In a workplace environment, your boss might use it during a meeting when discussing project requirements. '요구 사항을 문서에 명시하세요' (Specify the requirements in the document) is a common instruction to ensure everyone is on the same page. It's about accountability—once something is 명시-doen, it becomes a standard that people are held to.

Real-world Scenario: Renting an Apartment: When signing a 'Jeonse' or 'Wolse' contract in Korea, the real estate agent (공인중개사) will point at the paper and say, '여기에 관리비 포함 여부가 명시되어 있습니다' (The inclusion of maintenance fees is specified here). This is a crucial moment where the word is used to confirm legal clarity.

계약서에 특약 사항을 명시하는 것이 안전합니다. (It is safe to specify special terms in the contract.)

In academic lectures, professors use this word to emphasize the importance of defining terms. '이 논문에서는 연구의 범위를 명시하고 있습니다' (This paper specifies the scope of the research). It shows that the researcher has been rigorous. In essence, whenever there is a need to move from the 'vague' to the 'concrete,' 명시하다 is the word of choice.

공고문에 자격 요건이 명시되어 있으니 확인해 보세요. (The eligibility requirements are specified in the announcement, so please check them.)

Customer Service: If you complain about a fee, a representative might say, '저희 홈페이지 이용 약관에 명시된 내용입니다' (This is content specified in our website's terms of use). Here, the word is used to justify a policy.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 명시하다 with 표시하다 (to mark/indicate). While they both involve showing something, 표시하다 is much more visual and physical. You '표시' a location on a map or '표시' a correct answer with a checkmark. You '명시' a rule or a condition in a text. If you say '계약서에 이름을 명시하세요' to mean 'sign your name,' it sounds odd; you should use '서명하다' or '기입하다'.

지도의 위치를 표시하다 (Correct for maps) vs 법에 권리를 명시하다 (Correct for laws).

Another mistake is using it for casual speech. Telling your friend, '내일 7시에 만날 것을 명시해!' (Specify that we meet at 7 tomorrow!) sounds like you are treating your friendship like a legal contract. For casual settings, use '확실히 말해줘' (tell me clearly) or '정해줘' (decide/set).

Confusing with '기록하다' (to record): 기록하다 is about the act of writing things down to preserve them (like a diary or history). 명시하다 is about the *clarity* and *intent* of the statement. You can record (기록) a vague feeling, but you cannot 명시 a vague feeling.

Learners also struggle with the particle usage. Remember that it is usually '[Location] + 에' and '[Content] + 을/를'. Sometimes students use '~라고 명시하다' (state as...), which is acceptable if you are quoting a specific phrase, but '~을 명시하다' is more common for general topics.

'무료'라고 명시되어 있습니다. (It is specified as 'free'.)

The 'Explicit' vs 'Implicit' Trap: Don't use 명시하다 if the information is just 'there'. It must be there *clearly* and *intentionally*. If a book happens to mention a city, you don't say it '명시' the city unless it's a guide specifying locations.

To truly master 명시하다, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. Depending on the context, you might choose a word that emphasizes the 'legal' aspect, the 'writing' aspect, or the 'clarity' aspect.

1. 규정하다 (gyujeonghada) - To Prescribe/Regulate: This is used when setting a rule or a standard. While 명시하다 focuses on the act of stating clearly, 규정하다 focuses on the act of making it a mandatory rule. '법으로 규정하다' (to regulate by law).

2. 명문화하다 (myeongmunhwahada) - To Codify/Put in Writing: This is a very formal term meaning 'to make into a written text.' It's often used when a verbal agreement is finally written down as a formal law or treaty. It emphasizes the transition to a written format.

구두 합의를 명문화하는 작업이 필요합니다. (We need to codify the verbal agreement into writing.)

3. 밝히다 (balkhida) - To Reveal/Clarify: This is the most common and versatile alternative. It can be used for both spoken and written clarity. It's less formal than 명시하다. '입장을 밝히다' (to clarify one's position).

4. 적시하다 (jeoksihada) - To Point Out/State Specifically: Often used in legal complaints or indictments to list specific facts or crimes. It has a nuance of 'pointing out the relevant parts.'

When choosing between these, ask yourself: Is it in a document? (Use 명시하다). Is it a new rule? (Use 규정하다). Is it just making something clear to people? (Use 밝히다). Mastering these distinctions will make your Korean sound much more professional and precise.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The character '明' (myeong) is composed of the sun (日) and the moon (月) together, symbolizing the ultimate clarity. When you 명시하다 something, you are metaphorically shining both the sun and moon on it.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /mjʌŋ.ɕi.ɦa.da/

US /mjʌŋ.ʃi.hɑ.dɑ/

Primary stress is on the first syllable '명' (myeong), with the following syllables spoken with equal, lighter weight.

Reimt sich auf

표시하다 (pyosihada) 제시하다 (jesihada) 지시하다 (jisihada) 전시하다 (jeonsihada) 공시하다 (gongsihada) 고시하다 (gosihada) 게시하다 (gesihada) 암시하다 (amsihada)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '명' as '면' (myeon) without the 'ng' sound.
Making the 'h' in 'hada' too strong; it often blends with the previous 'i'.
Confusing the 'si' (시) sound with 'ssi' (씨). It should be a single 's' sound.
Pausing too long between '명시' and '하다'. It should flow as one verb.
Over-emphasizing the 'y' sound in 'myeong'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Common in news and documents, but requires knowing Hanja-based academic vocabulary.

Schreiben 4/5

Using it correctly requires understanding formal sentence structures and object particles.

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right formal context is key.

Hören 4/5

Often spoken quickly in news or formal announcements.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

밝히다 보여주다 쓰다 정확하다 분명하다

Als Nächstes lernen

규정하다 명문화하다 적시하다 공표하다 확정하다

Fortgeschritten

해석의 여지 (room for interpretation) 입법 취지 (legislative intent) 조문 (legal provisions) 판례 (judicial precedent) 묵시적 (implicit)

Wichtige Grammatik

~어야 하다 (Must/Should)

계약서에 금액을 명시해야 합니다.

~어/아 되어 있다 (State of being)

규칙이 벽에 명시되어 있어요.

~는 것 (Nominalizer)

조건을 명시하는 것이 필요합니다.

~ㄴ 바와 같이 (As [is stated])

명시된 바와 같이 진행하겠습니다.

~에 따라 (According to)

명시된 규정에 따라 처리합니다.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

이름을 명시해 주세요.

Please specify your name.

명시하다 + ~아/어 주세요 (request pattern).

날짜를 명시하세요.

Specify the date.

~세요 is a polite imperative.

여기에 이유를 명시해요.

State the reason here.

여기에 (at here) indicates the location.

가격을 명시했습니다.

The price was specified.

Past tense -았습니다.

시간을 명시합시다.

Let's specify the time.

~읍시다 (let's) formal suggestion.

장소를 명시해요?

Do we specify the place?

Question form of 명시하다.

전화번호를 명시하십시오.

Please specify your phone number.

~십시오 is very formal imperative.

조건을 명시해요.

Specify the conditions.

Object marker ~을/를 used with '조건'.

계약서에 기간을 명시해야 합니다.

You must specify the period in the contract.

~어야 하다 (must/should) expresses obligation.

안내문에 장소가 명시되어 있어요.

The location is specified in the notice.

~어/아 되어 있다 expresses a completed state.

사용법을 명시하는 것이 좋아요.

It is good to specify the usage instructions.

~는 것 (nominalizer) + 좋다.

메일에 마감일을 명시했습니다.

I specified the deadline in the email.

Locative particle ~에 used with '메일'.

누가 이것을 명시했습니까?

Who specified this?

Formal question form ~었습니까.

규칙을 명시하지 않았어요.

The rules were not specified.

~지 않다 (negation).

정확한 금액을 명시해 주세요.

Please specify the exact amount.

Adjective '정확한' (exact) modifying '금액'.

서류에 이름을 명시할까요?

Shall I specify the name on the document?

~을까요? (shall I/we?) suggestion.

공고문에 지원 자격이 명확히 명시되어 있습니다.

The eligibility for application is clearly specified in the announcement.

Adverb '명확히' (clearly) emphasizes the verb.

보고서에 출처를 명시하는 것을 잊지 마세요.

Don't forget to specify the sources in the report.

~지 마세요 (don't) prohibition.

회사는 환불 정책을 홈페이지에 명시했습니다.

The company specified the refund policy on its homepage.

Subject '회사는' + Object '정책을'.

계약서에 서명하기 전에 조건을 명시해야 해요.

You must specify the conditions before signing the contract.

~기 전에 (before doing something).

이 법은 청소년 보호를 명시하고 있습니다.

This law clearly states the protection of youth.

~고 있다 (progressive/state) used for laws.

설명서에 주의 사항이 명시되어 있지 않아 사고가 났다.

An accident occurred because the precautions were not specified in the manual.

~아/어서 (reason/cause).

영수증에 세부 내역을 명시해 달라고 요청했다.

I requested that the detailed breakdown be specified on the receipt.

~해 달라고 (requesting someone to do something for you).

모든 약관을 꼼꼼히 명시하는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to specify all terms and conditions thoroughly.

Adverb '꼼꼼히' (thoroughly/meticulously).

근로 계약서에는 근무 시간과 휴게 시간이 반드시 명시되어야 한다.

Working hours and break times must be specified in the labor contract.

Passive state '명시되어야 한다' (must be specified).

정부는 새로운 정책의 목적을 법령에 명시하였다.

The government specified the purpose of the new policy in the ordinance.

Formal past tense ~하였다.

논문 서론에서는 연구의 범위를 명시할 필요가 있다.

It is necessary to specify the scope of the research in the thesis introduction.

~을 필요가 있다 (there is a need to...).

약관에 명시되지 않은 사항은 관련 법령에 따릅니다.

Matters not specified in the terms and conditions follow the relevant laws.

Noun modifying clause '명시되지 않은' (which is not specified).

그는 자신의 의사를 문서로 명시하여 제출했다.

He specified his intention in writing and submitted it.

~하여 (and then/by doing so) formal connective.

소비자 보호법은 허위 광고 금지를 명시하고 있다.

The Consumer Protection Act clearly states the prohibition of false advertising.

Abstract concept '금지' (prohibition) as an object.

입찰 공고에는 마감 기한이 명시되어야 오해가 없다.

The deadline must be specified in the bid announcement to avoid misunderstandings.

~어야 (only if... then) conditional.

단순히 말로만 하지 말고 서면으로 명시해 주세요.

Don't just say it; please specify it in writing.

~지 말고 (instead of doing...).

헌법 제1조는 대한민국의 국체를 명시하고 있다.

Article 1 of the Constitution specifies the form of government of the Republic of Korea.

Formal reference to law articles.

계약의 효력 발생 시점을 명시하지 않아 법적 분쟁이 발생했다.

A legal dispute arose because the point at which the contract becomes effective was not specified.

~지 않아 (because ... did not) causal connection.

이 규정은 예외 상황을 명시함으로써 공정성을 높였다.

This regulation increased fairness by specifying exceptional circumstances.

~함으로써 (by doing so/through the act of).

연구자는 실험 데이터의 수집 과정을 상세히 명시해야 한다.

Researchers must specify the experimental data collection process in detail.

Adverb '상세히' (in detail).

조약에 명시된 바와 같이, 양국은 상호 협력을 강화하기로 했다.

As specified in the treaty, both countries agreed to strengthen mutual cooperation.

~ㄴ 바와 같이 (as [is the case that]).

해당 조항은 책임의 소재를 명시하는 데 중점을 두고 있다.

The clause in question focuses on specifying the location of responsibility.

~는 데 (in the act of/for the purpose of).

The copyright holder has the right to specify the scope of permission for use.

~을 권리가 있다 (to have the right to...).

명시적인 거부 의사가 없더라도 동의한 것으로 간주할 수 없다.

Even if there is no explicit expression of refusal, it cannot be considered as consent.

Adjective form '명시적인' (explicit).

입법 취지가 조문에 명시되어 있지 않을 경우 해석의 여지가 생긴다.

When the legislative intent is not specified in the provisions, room for interpretation arises.

~을 경우 (in the case of/when...).

국제법은 영토의 경계를 명시함으로써 분쟁을 예방하고자 한다.

International law aims to prevent disputes by specifying territorial boundaries.

~고자 하다 (to intend to/to aim to).

해당 판결문은 피고의 유죄 근거를 명시적으로 밝히고 있다.

The judgment in question explicitly clarifies the grounds for the defendant's guilt.

Adverbial form '명시적으로' (explicitly).

사회적 합의를 명문화하여 법전에 명시하는 과정은 민주주의의 핵심이다.

The process of codifying social consensus and specifying it in the legal code is the core of democracy.

Nominalized phrase '명시하는 과정' (the process of specifying).

당사자 간의 특약이 명시되지 않은 한 관습법을 따른다.

Unless a special agreement between the parties is specified, customary law is followed.

~지 않은 한 (unless/as long as ... is not).

정관에 명시된 목적 범위를 벗어난 행위는 무효가 될 수 있다.

Actions outside the scope of the purpose specified in the articles of incorporation may be void.

Noun modifying clause '명시된' (specified).

철학적 담론에서 개념을 명시하는 작업은 논리의 기초가 된다.

The task of specifying concepts in philosophical discourse forms the basis of logic.

Topic marker '작업은' (the task/work).

행정 처분의 근거 법령을 명시하는 것은 적법 절차의 원칙이다.

Specifying the legal basis for administrative actions is a principle of due process.

~는 것 (subject nominalizer).

Synonyme

기록하다 규정하다 밝히다 표기하다

Gegenteile

생략하다 암시하다

Häufige Kollokationen

계약서에 명시하다

법으로 명시하다

약관에 명시하다

이유를 명시하다

범위를 명시하다

금액을 명시하다

기한을 명시하다

의사를 명시하다

조항을 명시하다

조건을 명시하다

Häufige Phrasen

명시된 바와 같이

— As specified in (the document/law). This is used to refer back to a written point.

계약서에 명시된 바와 같이 위약금을 지불해야 합니다.

명시적인 동의

— Explicit consent. Consent that is clearly stated, not just assumed.

개인 정보 수집을 위해서는 명시적인 동의가 필요합니다.

명시되지 않은 사항

— Matters not specified. Usually followed by 'follow standard rules'.

약관에 명시되지 않은 사항은 관례에 따릅니다.

명시적으로 밝히다

— To clarify explicitly. A redundant but common way to emphasize clarity.

정부는 이번 사건에 대한 입장을 명시적으로 밝혔다.

명시할 의무

— Obligation to specify. A legal duty to provide clear information.

판매자는 상품의 결함을 명시할 의무가 있다.

상세히 명시하다

— To specify in great detail.

업무 내용을 상세히 명시한 매뉴얼을 만들었다.

명시적 규정

— Explicit regulation. A rule that is clearly written down.

현재 이 문제에 대한 명시적 규정은 없습니다.

문서로 명시하다

— To specify in writing/document form.

구두 약속보다는 문서로 명시하는 것이 안전합니다.

명시를 거부하다

— To refuse to specify something.

그는 구체적인 금액 명시를 거부했다.

명시를 요구하다

— To demand that something be specified clearly.

노조는 임금 인상분을 명시할 것을 요구했다.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

명시하다 vs 표시하다

표시하다 is for visual marks (checkmarks, signs), while 명시하다 is for verbal/written clarity in text.

명시하다 vs 제시하다

제시하다 means to present or suggest an idea/document, while 명시하다 means to state the contents clearly within it.

명시하다 vs 암시하다

This is the direct opposite; it means to hint or imply something indirectly.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"못을 박다"

— To nail something down; to state something so clearly that it cannot be changed (similar in spirit to 명시하다).

그는 다시는 늦지 않겠다고 못을 박았다.

Informal/Idiomatic

"흑백을 가리다"

— To distinguish between black and white; to clarify right and wrong (often used when 명시하다 is needed).

법정에서 사건의 흑백을 가려야 한다.

Neutral

"입에 침이 마르도록"

— To say something repeatedly (sometimes used when someone keeps 명시-ing their rules).

선생님은 규칙을 입에 침이 마르도록 명시하셨다.

Casual

"손바닥 보듯 하다"

— To know something as clearly as the palm of one's hand (the result of something being well 명시-doen).

그는 계약 내용을 손바닥 보듯 하고 있다.

Neutral

"선을 긋다"

— To draw a line; to clearly specify boundaries or limits.

그는 공과 사의 선을 명확히 그었다.

Neutral

"옥석을 가리다"

— To distinguish between jade and stone; to specify what is valuable and what is not.

많은 정보 중에서 진실을 명시하여 옥석을 가려야 한다.

Formal

"정곡을 찌르다"

— To hit the nail on the head; to specify the exact core point.

그의 질문은 문제의 정곡을 찔러 명시했다.

Neutral

"판가름 나다"

— To be decided or judged clearly (often after terms are 명시-doen).

승패는 마지막 조항에서 판가름 났다.

Neutral

"뿌리를 뽑다"

— To pull out by the roots; to specify and eliminate the cause of a problem.

정부는 부패의 원인을 명시하고 뿌리를 뽑겠다고 했다.

Formal

"발을 빼다"

— To pull one's foot out; to withdraw (often because terms weren't 명시-doen).

그는 조건이 명시되지 않자 사업에서 발을 뺐다.

Casual

Leicht verwechselbar

명시하다 vs 기입하다

Both involve writing in a document.

기입하다 is simply filling in a blank (like a form), while 명시하다 is about the clarity and authority of the statement.

이름을 기입하다 (fill in name) vs 권리를 명시하다 (specify rights).

명시하다 vs 기록하다

Both involve writing things down.

기록하다 is for preserving history or data (like a diary or log), whereas 명시하다 is for defining rules or terms.

일기를 기록하다 (record a diary) vs 규칙을 명시하다 (specify rules).

명시하다 vs 공고하다

Both relate to official information.

공고하다 is the act of making a public announcement, while 명시하다 is the act of stating specific details within that announcement.

채용을 공고하다 (announce hiring) vs 자격을 명시하다 (specify qualifications).

명시하다 vs 설명하다

Both aim to make things clear.

설명하다 is a general term for explaining something, whereas 명시하다 is specifically about providing a clear, formal statement as a reference.

이유를 설명하다 (explain why) vs 계약서에 이유를 명시하다 (specify the reason in the contract).

명시하다 vs 정하다

Both involve deciding on something.

정하다 is the act of making a decision, while 명시하다 is the act of writing that decision down clearly for others to see.

시간을 정하다 (decide the time) vs 시간을 명시하다 (specify the time in the schedule).

Satzmuster

[Noun]을/를 명시해 주세요.

이유를 명시해 주세요.

[Noun]에 [Noun]이/가 명시되어 있다.

서류에 날짜가 명시되어 있다.

[Noun]을/를 명시하는 것이 좋다.

조건을 명시하는 것이 좋다.

[Noun]에 따라 [Noun]을/를 명시해야 한다.

법에 따라 권리를 명시해야 한다.

[Noun]라고 명시되어 있다.

'무료'라고 명시되어 있다.

명시된 바와 같이 [Clause].

명시된 바와 같이 계약을 해지합니다.

[Noun]을/를 명시함으로써 [Clause].

범위를 명시함으로써 혼란을 막았다.

[Noun]의 명시 여부에 따라 [Clause].

금액의 명시 여부에 따라 결과가 달라진다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

명시 The act of stating or showing clearly (specification/explicit statement).

명시성 Visibility or clarity of a statement/sign.

Verben

명시되다 To be stated clearly (passive form).

Adjektive

명시적이다 To be explicit or clear.

Verwandt

명확하다 (to be clear and accurate)

분명하다 (to be obvious/clear)

표시 (a mark/sign)

지시 (an instruction)

공시 (a public announcement)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in professional, legal, academic, and administrative Korean. Rare in everyday casual speech.

Häufige Fehler

Using 명시하다 for physical marks on a map. → 표시하다
명시하다 is for linguistic/textual clarity, not physical markers.
Using 명시하다 in a casual text to a friend. → 말하다 / 정하다
It sounds too robotic and legal for casual friendships.
Forgetting the particle ~에 for the document. → 계약서에 명시하다 (O) / 계약서를 명시하다 (X, unless you are specifying the contract itself).
You specify content *in* a document.
Confusing 명시하다 with 암시하다. → 명시하다 (Explicit) / 암시하다 (Implicit)
These are opposites. Don't use '명시' if you are just hinting.
Using 명시하다 for a signature. → 서명하다 / 기입하다
Signing a name is a physical act of writing, not 'specifying' a rule.

Tipps

Use in Contracts

Whenever you draft a document, use '명시하다' to describe the act of adding clauses. It makes the document sound authoritative.

Passive State

Learn '명시되어 있다' as a single block. You will see it on every official sign and website in Korea.

Antonym Pairing

Memorize '명시' (explicit) alongside '암시' (implicit). They are common opposites in academic reading.

TOPIK Writing

In TOPIK Task 53 or 54, use '명시하다' when discussing how to solve social problems or clarify rules.

Email Etiquette

In business emails, use '아래에 명시된 내용을 확인해 주세요' to direct people to specific details.

Bureaucracy

When dealing with Korean government offices, look for the word '명시' on forms to find where to put specific details.

Clarity is King

Remember that '명시' isn't just writing; it's writing *to be clear*. If the text is vague, it isn't truly '명시-doen'.

News Keywords

News anchors use this word when reporting on new laws or court verdicts. It's a key word for understanding the 'what' of the news.

Formal Requests

When asking for a detailed receipt, say '세부 내역을 명시해 주세요' to sound like a sophisticated customer.

Sun and Moon

Recall the '明' character (sun + moon) to remember that this word is about bringing light to a topic.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Myeong' as 'Mirror' (clear reflection) and 'Si' as 'See'. You make it so clear that people can 'See' it as if in a 'Mirror'.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a dark contract where one specific sentence is glowing brightly under a spotlight. That glowing sentence is what has been '명시' (myeongsi) - made clear.

Word Web

Contract (계약서) Law (법) Clear (명확) Show (보여주다) Document (문서) Rule (규칙) Explicit (명시적) Write (쓰다)

Herausforderung

Try to find one '명시' in your daily life. Look at a receipt, a bus schedule, or a website's footer. Point to a rule and say, '이것이 명시되어 있습니다.'

Wortherkunft

Derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters). '명' (明) means bright, clear, or light. '시' (示) means to show, indicate, or reveal. '하다' is the native Korean verb-forming suffix.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To show something in a bright or clear manner.

Sino-Korean

Kultureller Kontext

There are no major sensitivities, but using this word in a casual setting can make you sound cold or overly legalistic.

In English, we use 'specify' or 'state' in similar ways, but '명시하다' feels slightly more formal than 'state' and closer to 'explicitly define' in a legal sense.

The Constitution of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 헌법) often uses this word in legal analysis. Standard Labor Contract (표준근로계약서) forms always use this word for hours and pay. Consumer Protection laws frequently reference what must be '명시' on labels.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Job Interview / HR

급여 조건을 명시하다
복지 혜택을 명시하다
업무 범위를 명시하다
근무 시간을 명시하다

Real Estate

특약 사항을 명시하다
수선 의무를 명시하다
보증금을 명시하다
계약 기간을 명시하다

Academic Writing

연구 목적을 명시하다
가설을 명시하다
한계점을 명시하다
참고 문헌을 명시하다

Customer Service

반품 규정을 명시하다
배송료를 명시하다
품질 보증 기간을 명시하다
상담 시간을 명시하다

Legal Proceedings

증거를 명시하다
피해 사실을 명시하다
법적 근거를 명시하다
판결 이유를 명시하다

Gesprächseinstiege

"계약서에 이 조건이 명시되어 있나요?"

"회사 규칙에 휴가 사용법이 명시되어 있습니까?"

"이 서류에는 어떤 내용을 명시해야 하죠?"

"약관에 명시된 환불 정책을 설명해 주시겠어요?"

"공고문에 지원 자격이 명시되어 있는지 확인했어?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

오늘 내가 읽은 문서 중에서 '명시'가 가장 중요했던 부분은 무엇인가요?

누군가와 약속을 할 때, 명시적으로 정하는 것이 왜 중요한지 써 보세요.

나만의 '인생 규칙' 세 가지를 명시해 보세요.

한국어 공부를 할 때, 목표를 명시하는 것이 도움이 되나요? 그 이유를 적어 보세요.

법이 모든 것을 명시해야 한다고 생각하나요, 아니면 해석의 여지가 있어야 한다고 생각하나요?

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It's generally too formal for friends. If you say it, you might sound like you're reading a law book. Use '확실히 말해줘' or '정해줘' instead. However, you can use it jokingly if you want to sound like a lawyer.

They are related. '명시되다' is the passive process (to be specified), while '명시되어 있다' describes the current state (is specified). In documents, '명시되어 있다' is much more common.

It is 明示. 明 (bright/clear) and 示 (show/indicate). It literally means 'to show brightly'.

90% of the time, yes. It can be used for spoken statements if they are official declarations, but its primary home is in documents and rules.

You can say '명시되지 않다' or '명시되어 있지 않다'. In formal contexts, '불명시' (non-specification) is also used as a noun.

'명확' is an adjective meaning 'clear and accurate'. '명시' is a verb/noun about the *act* of showing clearly. You '명시' something so that it becomes '명확'.

Rarely. Emotions are usually '표현하다' (express) or '드러내다' (reveal). '명시하다' is for facts, rules, and logic.

No, it is a neutral, professional word. It is generally seen as a good thing because it prevents confusion.

It means an 'explicit agreement' where both parties have clearly stated their consent, usually in writing, as opposed to an 'implicit agreement'.

Yes, very frequently. It is a must-know word for anyone aiming for TOPIK Level 4 (B2) or higher.

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