turma in 30 Sekunden
- Turma: a group of students in the same class.
- Also means any organized group with a shared activity or purpose.
- Primarily used in educational contexts.
- Can refer to friends or social circles informally.
The Portuguese word turma is a fundamental term used to refer to a group of people, most commonly a class of students in an educational setting. Think of it as the collective noun for a specific cohort of learners who are being taught together, often by the same teacher, over a particular period. It's not just limited to schools; 'turma' can also describe any group that is organized for a specific purpose or activity, such as a sports team, a study group, or even a group of friends embarking on a shared endeavor.
- Core Meaning
- A collective of individuals, primarily students, gathered for instruction.
- Broader Usage
- Can extend to any organized group with a shared activity or goal.
In educational contexts, 'turma' emphasizes the shared experience of learning. Students in the same 'turma' often progress through a curriculum together, participate in the same activities, and build a sense of camaraderie. For instance, a university professor might refer to their 'turma de Introdução à Linguística' (Introduction to Linguistics class) to address all the students enrolled in that specific course. Similarly, a primary school teacher would speak of their 'turma do terceiro ano' (third-grade class).
Beyond formal education, the term can be used more informally. Imagine a group of friends who decide to take up salsa dancing lessons together; they might jokingly refer to themselves as 'a nossa turma de salsa' (our salsa class/group). This highlights the flexibility of the word, allowing it to encompass any cohesive unit formed for a common purpose. The size of the 'turma' can vary significantly, from a small, intimate group to a large lecture hall full of students. The key element is the shared identity and purpose of the members within that group.
Understanding 'turma' is crucial for navigating everyday conversations in Portuguese, especially when discussing education, social gatherings, or organized activities. It’s a word that carries a sense of belonging and shared experience, making it a valuable addition to any learner's vocabulary.
Na universidade, a minha turma de filosofia é muito animada.
O professor apresentou o novo conteúdo para a turma.
- Contextual Nuance
- While primarily referring to a school class, 'turma' can also mean a general group or team.
Consider a scenario where you're planning a weekend trip with friends. If you all decide to go together, you could refer to your group as 'a nossa turma' for that trip, emphasizing your shared adventure. This casual usage highlights the word's versatility in everyday Portuguese. The collective nature of 'turma' fosters a sense of unity, whether it's for academic pursuits or leisure activities. It's a word that brings people together, defining them as a cohesive unit with a common objective or identity.
Ele faz parte de uma turma de voluntários que ajuda os idosos.
Using turma correctly involves understanding its primary function as a collective noun, especially in educational and social contexts. The most frequent usage is in relation to schools and universities, where it denotes a specific group of students. For example, 'A minha turma da faculdade é muito unida' translates to 'My university class is very close-knit.' Here, 'turma' specifies a particular group of students within the larger student body.
- Educational Context
- Used to refer to a specific group of students in a school, college, or university.
When referring to a teacher and their students, you would say something like, 'O professor adora a sua turma' ('The teacher loves his class'). The possessive pronoun 'sua' (his/her/its/your) clarifies which 'turma' is being discussed. You can also specify the grade level or subject, such as 'Turma do quinto ano' (Fifth-grade class) or 'Turma de biologia' (Biology class).
O João está na turma da manhã para aprender inglês.
Beyond academics, 'turma' can be used more broadly to describe any organized group. For instance, if you join a cooking class, you might say, 'Vou fazer parte de uma nova turma de culinária' ('I'm going to be part of a new cooking class/group'). This highlights the word's adaptability to various group activities.
- Group Activities
- Refers to groups participating in activities like sports, hobbies, or workshops.
Informally, especially in Brazil, 'turma' can refer to a group of friends or a social circle. 'Vamos sair com a nossa turma hoje à noite?' ('Shall we go out with our group/gang tonight?'). In this context, it implies a familiar and friendly gathering. The plural form, 'turmas,' is used when referring to multiple distinct groups.
A turma toda foi convidada para a festa de aniversário.
Another common construction involves prepositions indicating belonging or participation. For example, 'Ele se juntou à turma de teatro' ('He joined the theater group'). This structure clearly indicates membership within a specific 'turma'. The word is highly versatile and its meaning is generally clear from the surrounding words and the overall context of the conversation.
Quantas turmas existem nesta escola?
- General Grouping
- Can refer to any group of people united by a common activity or characteristic.
You will hear the word turma frequently in various everyday Portuguese settings, primarily related to education and social interactions. The most common place is, of course, within schools, colleges, and universities. Teachers will address their students using this term, saying things like, 'Bom dia, turma!' ('Good morning, class!'). Students might refer to their own group as 'a minha turma' when discussing their classmates or their specific academic cohort.
- Educational Institutions
- Universities, schools, language institutes, and any place offering courses.
Beyond formal education, you'll encounter 'turma' in language schools, driving schools, and even in workshops or adult education programs. For example, 'A professora da turma de artesanato é muito criativa' ('The teacher of the craft class is very creative'). This highlights how the term extends to any organized learning environment.
In a more social context, especially in Brazil, 'turma' is widely used to refer to a group of friends or a social circle. You might hear people say, 'Vamos encontrar a nossa turma no bar' ('Let's meet our group/gang at the bar'). This usage implies a familiar and comfortable gathering of people who know each other well. It's a very common way to refer to your friends when making plans.
O grupo de amigos decidiu formar uma turma para jogar futebol todo fim de semana.
- Social Gatherings
- Groups of friends, colleagues, or acquaintances meeting up.
You might also hear 'turma' in the context of sports teams or clubs. 'A turma de natação treina às terças e quintas' ('The swimming group trains on Tuesdays and Thursdays'). This usage emphasizes the collective identity of the members participating in a shared activity.
Furthermore, when discussing events or activities that involve organized groups, such as tours or excursions, 'turma' can be used. For example, 'A turma do passeio turístico visitou o museu pela manhã' ('The tourist group visited the museum in the morning'). This shows its application in travel and organized leisure.
Ele se sentiu bem-vindo na nova turma de voluntários.
In summary, 'turma' is a versatile word you'll encounter in educational settings, social gatherings, clubs, and organized activities. Its prevalence makes it a key term for anyone learning Portuguese.
When learning the word turma, English speakers might make a few common mistakes. One frequent error is to directly translate it as 'team' in all contexts. While 'turma' can sometimes refer to a group that functions like a team, it's primarily used for educational classes. Using 'turma' to mean a sports team might sound a bit unusual, though understandable in informal settings. For a sports team, 'equipa' (Portugal) or 'time' (Brazil) are more precise terms.
- Over-reliance on 'Team' Translation
- Mistaking 'turma' for 'team' in all situations, neglecting its primary meaning of 'class'.
Another mistake is neglecting the definite article 'a' before 'turma' when referring to a specific class. While sometimes omitted in very informal speech, using 'a turma' (the class) is generally more correct and natural when referring to a particular group of students, e.g., 'A turma de português' (The Portuguese class). Omitting it might make the sentence sound incomplete or grammatically awkward.
Incorrect: Professor falou para turma.
Correct: O professor falou para a turma.
Confusion can also arise with the plural form. While 'turma' is singular, referring to multiple classes requires 'turmas'. Forgetting to pluralize when necessary, like saying 'as turma' instead of 'as turmas', is a common grammatical oversight. For example, 'Temos três turmas de inglês' (We have three English classes) is correct, whereas 'Temos três turma' would be incorrect.
- Article Omission
- Forgetting to use the definite article 'a' before 'turma' when referring to a specific class.
Some learners might also mistakenly use 'turma' to refer to a single individual. 'Turma' is inherently a collective noun; it refers to a group. Saying 'Eu sou uma turma' ('I am a class/group') makes no sense. You might say 'Eu sou daquela turma' ('I am from that class'), indicating your membership.
Finally, differentiating between the academic meaning and the informal 'group of friends' meaning can be tricky. While context usually clarifies, overusing the informal meaning in formal academic discussions could lead to misunderstandings. For instance, referring to a university lecture group as 'a minha turma de amigos' ('my group of friends') might be inaccurate if the intention is to refer to the official class roster.
Incorrect: Ele está na turma de matemática.
Correct: Ele está na turma de matemática.
- Pluralization Error
- Failing to use the plural 'turmas' when referring to more than one class.
While turma is the most common word for 'class' or 'group' in many contexts, Portuguese offers alternatives depending on the nuance and formality. For a specific group of students in an academic setting, 'classe' is a direct synonym for 'class'. However, 'classe' can also refer to a social class or a category, so 'turma' often provides a clearer meaning of a specific cohort of learners.
- Classe
- Direct translation for 'class'. Can refer to a school class, but also social class or category. 'Turma' is often preferred for a specific group of students.
When referring to a group of people engaged in a shared activity, especially a sports team, 'equipa' (in Portugal) or 'time' (in Brazil) are more appropriate. For instance, 'A turma de futebol' might be understood, but 'A equipa de futebol' or 'O time de futebol' is the standard terminology for a football team.
- Equipa / Time
- Used for sports teams or work teams. 'Equipa' is more common in Portugal, 'time' in Brazil. 'Turma' is less specific for this context.
In a more general sense of 'group', especially a group of friends or a social circle, 'grupo' is a versatile alternative. 'O meu grupo de amigos' ('My group of friends') is very common. 'Turma' can also be used here, especially in Brazil, to imply a close-knit group or 'gang', but 'grupo' is more neutral and universally understood.
Instead of 'A turma de amigos foi ao cinema', you could say 'O grupo de amigos foi ao cinema'.
- Grupo
- A general term for 'group'. Can be used for friends, colleagues, or any collection of people.
For a collection of people assembled for a specific purpose or event, 'conjunto' can sometimes be used, though it's less common in everyday speech for people. More often, 'conjunto' refers to a set of items or a musical ensemble. For people, 'turma' or 'grupo' are more natural.
In formal academic contexts, referring to a specific course enrollment, 'alunado' (student body) or 'corpo discente' (student body) might be used, but these refer to the entire student population rather than a specific class or group.
In summary, while 'turma' is excellent for 'class' and informal 'group', remember 'classe' for a direct synonym of 'class', 'equipa/time' for sports teams, and 'grupo' for a general gathering of friends or people.
Turma (Class/Group) vs. Grupo (Group)
Turma often implies a shared learning experience or a specific, organized cohort. Grupo is more general for any collection of people.
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The Latin 'turma' was one of the smallest tactical units of the Roman cavalry. The concept of a 'group' or 'unit' has carried through its evolution into modern Portuguese, where it signifies a group of students or any organized collective.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing the 'u' like the 'u' in 'cup'. It should be a longer 'oo' or 'u' sound.
- Making the final 'a' too strong; it should be a weak, unstressed vowel.
- Not clearly articulating the 'r' sound after the vowel.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
The word 'turma' is relatively common and its primary meaning as 'class' is usually clear from context. However, understanding its broader usage for general groups or informal friend circles requires more exposure and contextual understanding, placing it at an intermediate level for reading comprehension.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Agreement of adjectives with feminine nouns.
A turma (feminine) é animada (feminine adjective).
Use of possessive adjectives with nouns.
A minha turma é muito unida.
Preposition 'de' to indicate origin or type.
Uma turma de espanhol.
Pluralization of nouns.
Temos três turmas de inglês.
Verb conjugation with plural subjects.
A turma (singular subject) estuda. As turmas (plural subject) estudam.
Beispiele nach Niveau
Esta é a minha turma.
This is my class.
Simple sentence structure with the verb 'ser' (to be).
Gosto da minha turma.
I like my class.
Using the verb 'gostar de' (to like) followed by the definite article 'a' and the noun 'turma'.
A turma é grande.
The class is big.
Using the adjective 'grande' (big) to describe the noun 'turma'.
O professor fala com a turma.
The teacher talks with the class.
Using the preposition 'com' (with) to indicate interaction.
A turma estuda português.
The class studies Portuguese.
Using the verb 'estudar' (to study) followed by the subject.
Vejo a turma na escola.
I see the class at school.
Using the verb 'ver' (to see) and the preposition 'na' (in the).
A turma é simpática.
The class is nice.
Using the adjective 'simpática' (nice/friendly) to describe the class.
Todos da turma são amigos.
Everyone from the class are friends.
Using 'todos de' (everyone from) to refer to members of the class.
A minha turma do segundo ano é muito divertida.
My second-year class is very fun.
Specifying the year level ('segundo ano') and using the adjective 'divertida' (fun).
O professor explicou a matéria para a turma toda.
The teacher explained the subject matter to the whole class.
Using 'matéria' (subject matter) and 'toda' (whole) to modify 'turma'.
Vamos organizar uma festa para a nossa turma.
Let's organize a party for our class.
Using the verb 'organizar' (to organize) and the possessive 'nossa' (our).
Quantas turmas existem nesta escola?
How many classes are there in this school?
Using the interrogative 'Quantas' (How many) and the plural 'turmas'.
A turma de inglês começa às nove horas.
The English class starts at nine o'clock.
Specifying the subject ('inglês') and using time expressions.
Os alunos daquela turma são muito aplicados.
The students from that class are very diligent.
Using 'aquela' (that) to refer to a specific class and the adjective 'aplicados' (diligent).
A turma fez um trabalho em grupo.
The class did a group project.
Using 'trabalho em grupo' (group project).
Estou na mesma turma que a Maria.
I am in the same class as Maria.
Using 'mesma' (same) and the preposition 'que' (as/than).
A nossa turma do curso de fotografia aprendeu técnicas novas.
Our photography course class learned new techniques.
Using 'curso de fotografia' (photography course) and past tense verb 'aprenderam' (learned).
O professor pediu para a turma pesquisar sobre o tema.
The teacher asked the class to research the topic.
Using 'pediu para' (asked to) and the infinitive verb 'pesquisar' (to research).
A turma inteira participou do debate.
The entire class participated in the debate.
Using 'inteira' (entire) to emphasize the whole class and the past tense verb 'participou' (participated).
Estamos ansiosos para o início das aulas da nova turma.
We are eager for the start of the new class's lessons.
Using 'ansiosos para' (eager for) and 'início das aulas' (start of lessons).
A adaptação à nova turma levou algum tempo.
Adapting to the new class took some time.
Using 'adaptação a' (adaptation to) and 'levou algum tempo' (took some time).
O ambiente daquela turma é muito colaborativo.
The atmosphere of that class is very collaborative.
Using 'ambiente' (atmosphere) and the adjective 'colaborativo' (collaborative).
Decidimos formar uma turma de estudos para o exame final.
We decided to form a study group for the final exam.
Using 'formar uma turma de estudos' (to form a study group) and 'exame final' (final exam).
A professora conseguiu motivar toda a turma.
The teacher managed to motivate the whole class.
Using 'conseguiu motivar' (managed to motivate) and 'toda a turma' (the whole class).
A dinâmica da turma refletia a diversidade cultural dos seus membros.
The class's dynamic reflected the cultural diversity of its members.
Using 'dinâmica' (dynamic), 'refletia' (reflected), and 'diversidade cultural' (cultural diversity).
O professor encorajou os alunos a expressarem suas opiniões dentro da turma.
The teacher encouraged the students to express their opinions within the class.
Using 'encorajou' (encouraged), 'expressarem suas opiniões' (express their opinions), and 'dentro da' (within the).
A integração dos novos alunos na turma existente foi um sucesso.
The integration of the new students into the existing class was a success.
Using 'integração de' (integration of), 'existente' (existing), and 'foi um sucesso' (was a success).
A gestão da turma requer habilidades de comunicação e paciência.
Class management requires communication and patience skills.
Using 'gestão da turma' (class management) and 'habilidades de' (skills of).
O projeto final da turma envolvia a criação de um plano de negócios.
The class's final project involved the creation of a business plan.
Using 'projeto final' (final project) and 'plano de negócios' (business plan).
A reputação daquela turma era de ser a mais participativa da universidade.
The reputation of that class was of being the most participative in the university.
Using 'reputação de ser' (reputation of being) and 'participativa' (participative).
A turma demonstrou um grande interesse em aprofundar os conhecimentos teóricos.
The class showed great interest in deepening their theoretical knowledge.
Using 'demonstrou um grande interesse em' (showed great interest in) and 'aprofundar os conhecimentos teóricos' (deepening theoretical knowledge).
Houve uma discussão acalorada sobre as metodologias de ensino na turma.
There was a heated discussion about the teaching methodologies in the class.
Using 'discussão acalorada' (heated discussion) and 'metodologias de ensino' (teaching methodologies).
A coesão e o espírito de entreajuda naquela turma eram notáveis.
The cohesion and spirit of mutual help in that class were remarkable.
Using abstract nouns like 'coesão' (cohesion), 'espírito de entreajuda' (spirit of mutual help), and the adjective 'notáveis' (remarkable).
O professor implementou estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras para engajar a turma.
The teacher implemented innovative pedagogical strategies to engage the class.
Using advanced vocabulary like 'implementou' (implemented), 'estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras' (innovative pedagogical strategies), and 'engajar' (to engage).
A heterogeneidade da turma representava um desafio, mas também uma oportunidade de aprendizagem mútua.
The heterogeneity of the class represented a challenge, but also an opportunity for mutual learning.
Using 'heterogeneidade' (heterogeneity), 'representava um desafio' (represented a challenge), and 'oportunidade de aprendizagem mútua' (opportunity for mutual learning).
A capacidade de autoavaliação desenvolvida pela turma foi impressionante.
The self-assessment capacity developed by the class was impressive.
Using 'capacidade de autoavaliação' (self-assessment capacity) and 'desenvolvida' (developed).
A dinâmica de grupo dentro daquela turma permitiu a emergência de lideranças naturais.
The group dynamics within that class allowed for the emergence of natural leadership.
Using 'dinâmica de grupo' (group dynamics), 'emergência de' (emergence of), and 'lideranças naturais' (natural leadership).
O feedback construtivo fornecido pelos colegas à turma contribuiu significativamente para o aprimoramento do projeto.
The constructive feedback provided by the colleagues to the class contributed significantly to the project's improvement.
Using 'feedback construtivo' (constructive feedback), 'contribuiu significativamente para' (contributed significantly to), and 'aprimoramento' (improvement).
A turma demonstrou resiliência ao superar as adversidades acadêmicas.
The class demonstrated resilience in overcoming academic adversities.
Using 'demonstrou resiliência' (demonstrated resilience) and 'superar as adversidades acadêmicas' (overcoming academic adversities).
A interdisciplinaridade promovida entre as diferentes turmas enriqueceu a experiência educacional.
The interdisciplinarity promoted among the different classes enriched the educational experience.
Using 'interdisciplinaridade' (interdisciplinarity), 'promovida entre' (promoted among), and 'enriqueceu' (enriched).
A sinergia que emanava daquela turma era palpável, catalisando um ambiente de aprendizado colaborativo e estimulante.
The synergy emanating from that class was palpable, catalyzing an environment of collaborative and stimulating learning.
Utilizing sophisticated vocabulary like 'sinergia' (synergy), 'emanava' (emanating), 'palpável' (palpable), 'catalisando' (catalyzing), and 'estimulante' (stimulating).
O corpo docente da instituição procurou fomentar uma cultura de excelência acadêmica, que se refletiu positivamente na performance de cada turma.
The institution's faculty sought to foster a culture of academic excellence, which positively reflected on each class's performance.
Employing terms such as 'corpo docente' (faculty), 'fomentar uma cultura' (foster a culture), 'excelência acadêmica' (academic excellence), and 'performance' (performance).
A metodologia de ensino adotada visava não apenas a transmissão de conhecimento, mas também o desenvolvimento de competências socioemocionais em cada membro da turma.
The adopted teaching methodology aimed not only at knowledge transmission but also at the development of socio-emotional skills in each member of the class.
Using complex phrasing like 'visava não apenas... mas também' (aimed not only... but also), 'transmissão de conhecimento' (knowledge transmission), and 'competências socioemocionais' (socio-emotional skills).
A autonomia conferida aos estudantes permitiu que a turma desenvolvesse projetos de pesquisa independentes, explorando áreas de interesse com profundidade.
The autonomy granted to the students allowed the class to develop independent research projects, exploring areas of interest in depth.
Incorporating advanced vocabulary like 'autonomia conferida' (autonomy granted), 'projetos de pesquisa independentes' (independent research projects), and 'com profundidade' (in depth).
A efervescência intelectual observada na turma era um testemunho da paixão dos alunos pelo saber e da eficácia das abordagens didáticas.
The intellectual effervescence observed in the class was a testament to the students' passion for knowledge and the effectiveness of the didactic approaches.
Utilizing evocative terms like 'efervescência intelectual' (intellectual effervescence), 'testemunho da' (testament to), and 'abordagens didáticas' (didactic approaches).
A capacidade de argumentação e contra-argumentação desenvolvida pela turma era impressionante, evidenciando um domínio notável do discurso crítico.
The capacity for argumentation and counter-argumentation developed by the class was impressive, evidencing a remarkable command of critical discourse.
Employing nuanced terms like 'argumentação e contra-argumentação' (argumentation and counter-argumentation), 'evidenciando' (evidencing), and 'domínio notável do discurso crítico' (remarkable command of critical discourse).
A transversalidade temática abordada pela turma permitiu a articulação de saberes provenientes de diversas áreas do conhecimento.
The thematic transversality addressed by the class allowed for the articulation of knowledge from diverse fields of study.
Using specialized academic language such as 'transversalidade temática' (thematic transversality), 'articulação de saberes' (articulation of knowledge), and 'provenientes de' (stemming from).
A maturidade com que a turma lidou com os desafios impostos pelo currículo inovador foi digna de louvor.
The maturity with which the class dealt with the challenges imposed by the innovative curriculum was praiseworthy.
Incorporating advanced phrasing like 'maturidade com que' (maturity with which), 'lidou com' (dealt with), 'impostos pelo' (imposed by), and 'digna de louvor' (praiseworthy).
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— A common greeting used by teachers to address their class at the beginning of the day.
Professor: Bom dia, turma! Vamos começar a aula de hoje.
— Used to emphasize that everyone in the group or class is included or affected.
Todos da turma: A turma toda quer ir ao cinema!
— Describes a class or group that is close-knit, supportive, and works well together.
O professor elogiou a turma unida por seu trabalho em equipe.
— Describes a class or group that is lively, enthusiastic, and energetic.
Esta turma animada sempre participa ativamente das discussões.
— A group of students who form a study group to prepare for exams or assignments.
Formamos uma turma de estudos para revisar a matéria.
— To be a member of a particular class or group.
Sinto-me feliz por fazer parte da turma de biologia.
— Refers specifically to the class of students in their first year of study.
A turma do primeiro ano está a aprender os conceitos básicos.
— Refers to the class of students in their final year of study.
A turma do último ano está a preparar a cerimónia de formatura.
— An informal expression meaning 'The class is awesome!' or 'The group is great!'
Os alunos gritaram: A turma é demais! após o evento.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
'Classe' can mean 'class' (like 'turma'), but also 'social class' or 'category'. 'Turma' is usually more specific for a group of students in a course. Example: 'A classe social alta' (The upper social class) vs. 'A turma de física' (The physics class).
'Grupo' is a more general term for 'group'. While 'turma' can mean group (especially informal friends in Brazil), 'grupo' is safer for any collection of people. Example: 'Um grupo de turistas' (A group of tourists) vs. 'A turma de turistas' (less common, might imply they are all in the same guided tour).
These words specifically mean 'team' (sports, work). While a 'turma' might function like a team, it's not the primary meaning. Example: 'A equipa de futebol' (The football team) vs. 'A turma de futebol' (less common, might refer to a class learning football).
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— Literally 'the back row class/group', this idiom refers to the students who sit at the back of the classroom, often perceived as mischievous, disruptive, or less engaged, though sometimes they are just the more informal and humorous group.
A turma do fundão fez uma brincadeira durante a explicação.
Informal— Can mean to form a group or class, or sometimes, in a negative context, to cause trouble or make a scene within a group.
Eles fizeram uma turma para organizar o protesto. / Ele fez uma turma no restaurante e foi expulso.
Informal— To be in the same class or group, implying a shared experience or background.
Nós somos da mesma turma da faculdade, nos conhecemos há anos.
Neutral— To have a good class or a good group of friends; to be in a positive and supportive collective.
Ela tem uma turma boa na universidade, todos se ajudam.
Neutral— The entire class or group; everyone in the collective.
A turma inteira foi convidada para a palestra especial.
Neutral— A group that commands respect, often due to their skills, achievements, or strong character.
Aquela turma de atletas é uma turma de respeito no desporto.
Informal— To assemble or organize a group of people for a specific purpose.
Vamos montar uma turma para fazer voluntariado no próximo mês.
Neutral— A group of people that is pleasant and enjoyable to be around.
Ele disse que a sua nova turma de trabalho é uma turma boa de se conviver.
Informal— A group known for being noisy, boisterous, or disruptive.
Evite sentar perto daquela mesa, é a turma do barulho.
Informal— Refers to the group of students who are academically proficient and well-behaved.
Os professores sempre elogiam a turma dos 'bons alunos'.
NeutralLeicht verwechselbar
Both 'turma' and 'classe' translate to 'class' in English and are used in educational contexts.
'Turma' specifically refers to a group of students learning together in a particular course or year. 'Classe' can also mean 'class' but has broader meanings, including 'social class' or 'category'. For instance, you would say 'a minha turma' for 'my class' (students), but 'a classe média' for 'the middle class'.
A <strong>turma</strong> de história fez uma apresentação. (The history class gave a presentation.) / A <strong>classe</strong> social influencia muitas decisões. (Social class influences many decisions.)
'Turma' can sometimes be used informally to mean 'group', especially in Brazil.
'Grupo' is the general word for any collection of people. 'Turma' usually implies a more specific kind of grouping, often related to shared activities like education or a common goal. While you can say 'o meu grupo de amigos', in Brazil it's very common to say 'a minha turma de amigos'. However, for a formal group like a committee, 'grupo' is preferred over 'turma'.
Vamos nos encontrar em <strong>grupo</strong>. (Let's meet as a group.) / A <strong>turma</strong> toda foi ao concerto. (The whole group/class went to the concert - informal, Brazil).
These words mean 'team', and sometimes a 'turma' can function as a team.
'Equipa' and 'Time' specifically refer to a team, most commonly in sports or work contexts. 'Turma' is primarily for a class of students. While you might hear 'a turma de desporto' (the sports class), 'a equipa de desporto' (the sports team) is the standard term for the actual team playing.
A <strong>equipa</strong> de futebol treina todos os dias. (The football team trains every day.) / A <strong>turma</strong> da disciplina de desporto estuda a teoria. (The sports discipline class studies the theory.)
Both refer to groups of students.
'Corpo discente' refers to the entire student body of an institution (e.g., a university). 'Turma' refers to a specific, smaller group within that body, like a single class or cohort. You are in 'uma turma', but you are part of 'o corpo discente' of the university.
O <strong>corpo discente</strong> da universidade é muito diversificado. (The university's student body is very diverse.) / A minha <strong>turma</strong> é a mais participativa. (My class is the most participative.)
Both refer to a group of people, often with a shared characteristic or time frame.
'Coorte' is a more technical or academic term, often used in statistics, medicine, or sociology to denote a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined period (e.g., a birth cohort). 'Turma' is much more common and generally refers to an educational class or a social group.
A <strong>coorte</strong> de nascidos em 1990 apresentou certos padrões de saúde. (The birth cohort of 1990 presented certain health patterns.) / A <strong>turma</strong> do 5º ano fez uma excursão. (The 5th-grade class went on a field trip.)
Satzmuster
Subject + é + uma turma.
Esta é uma turma.
Eu gosto da turma.
Eu gosto da minha turma.
A turma de [subject] + verb.
A turma de português aprende vocabulário.
O professor fala com a turma.
O professor fala com a turma sobre o exame.
A turma + [past tense verb] + object.
A turma fez um projeto interessante.
Estamos na turma de [level/time].
Estamos na turma da tarde para aprender espanhol.
A dinâmica da turma é [adjective].
A dinâmica da turma é muito colaborativa.
A turma demonstrou [noun].
A turma demonstrou grande interesse.
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Adjektive
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
High
-
Using 'turma' for a sports team.
→
Use 'equipa' (PT) or 'time' (BR) for sports teams.
While 'turma' implies a group, it's primarily for classes. For a sports context, 'equipa' or 'time' are the correct and specific terms.
-
Forgetting the article 'a' before 'turma' when referring to a specific class.
→
A turma de português é interessante.
In most cases, when referring to a specific class, the definite article 'a' is required before 'turma'. Omitting it can sound unnatural or grammatically incorrect.
-
Using 'turma' for a single person.
→
Eu sou um aluno.
'Turma' is a collective noun meaning 'group' or 'class'. You cannot be 'uma turma'. You are an 'aluno' (student) within a 'turma'.
-
Pluralizing incorrectly (e.g., 'a turma' when meaning multiple classes).
→
Temos três turmas.
The singular is 'turma', and the plural is 'turmas'. Ensure you use the plural form when referring to more than one class or group.
-
Confusing 'turma' with 'classe' in all contexts.
→
A turma de matemática. / A classe social alta.
'Turma' is best for a specific group of students. 'Classe' can also mean social class or category, so use it when that meaning is intended.
Tipps
Stress the First Syllable
Remember that the stress in 'turma' falls on the first syllable: TUR-ma. This is crucial for clear pronunciation. Practice saying it aloud to get the rhythm right.
Article Usage
When referring to a specific class, it's common and often necessary to use the definite article 'a' before 'turma', forming 'a turma'. For example, 'a turma de matemática'.
Plural Form
Don't forget the plural form! When referring to multiple classes or groups, use 'turmas'.
Brazilian Informality
Be aware that in Brazil, 'turma' is often used very informally to refer to a group of friends or a social circle. This usage is less common or carries a different nuance in Portugal.
Turma vs. Grupo
While 'turma' can mean 'group', 'grupo' is a more general term. Use 'turma' when there's a sense of shared learning or a specific organized activity. Use 'grupo' for a more general collection of people.
Connect to 'Term'
Think of 'term' in English (like 'term paper' or 'end of term'). Students in the same 'term' often form a 'turma'. This mnemonic can help you remember the word and its primary meaning.
Use it Actively
The best way to learn 'turma' is to use it! Try to incorporate it into your speaking and writing practice. Describe your classes, your friends' groups, or any organized activities you participate in.
Latin Roots
Remember that 'turma' comes from the Latin word for a cavalry squadron. This military origin implies a structured, organized group, which aligns with its primary meaning of a class.
Beyond the Classroom
Explore the broader meanings of 'turma'. Consider how it's used for volunteer groups, study circles, or even informal social gatherings to fully appreciate its versatility.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine a group of 'tourists' (sounds like 'turma') all going on the same guided tour together. They form a 'turma' of sightseers. Or, think of a 'term' paper – the whole class works on their 'term' papers together, forming a 'turma'.
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture a classroom filled with students, all wearing similar t-shirts with the word 'TURMA' printed on them. Or, visualize a Roman cavalry 'turma' (squadron) now depicted as students marching in formation into a school.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to use 'turma' in three different sentences today: one about your actual or imagined school class, one about a group of friends, and one about any other organized group you can think of.
Wortherkunft
The word 'turma' originates from the Latin word 'turma', which referred to a squadron of cavalry in the Roman army, typically consisting of about thirty men. This military origin implies a structured group organized for a specific function.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Squadron of cavalry (Latin).
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Portuguese.Kultureller Kontext
The term 'turma' is generally neutral and widely accepted. However, like any group identifier, context is key. Using it to refer to a specific 'turma' of friends in a derogatory or exclusive manner could be perceived negatively. The informal Brazilian usage of 'turma' for friends is typically positive and inclusive.
In English-speaking cultures, 'class' is the primary term for a group of students. While 'group' is general, 'team' is usually reserved for sports or work. The informal Brazilian usage of 'turma' for friends is closest to 'group', 'crew', or 'gang' (in a non-negative sense).
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
School/University Classroom
- Bom dia, turma!
- A minha turma é muito aplicada.
- O professor explicou para a turma.
Group of Friends (especially Brazil)
- Vamos sair com a nossa turma?
- A turma toda vai à festa.
- Que turma animada!
Workshops and Courses
- A turma de culinária aprendeu a fazer pão.
- Inscrevi-me numa nova turma de fotografia.
- Temos duas turmas de inglês.
Sports Teams/Clubs
- A turma de natação treina cedo.
- Ele faz parte da turma de voluntários.
General Group Activities
- A turma do passeio visitou o museu.
- Formamos uma turma para o projeto.
Gesprächseinstiege
"What's your favorite memory from your school 'turma'?"
"If you could form any kind of 'turma' for a project, what would it be?"
"How different is the concept of 'turma' in Portuguese compared to 'class' in English?"
"Do you think having a strong 'turma' helps in learning?"
"What's the most memorable 'turma' you've ever been a part of?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a time you felt a strong sense of belonging within a 'turma'. What made it special?
Write about a challenging 'turma' experience and what you learned from it.
Imagine you are a teacher. What kind of 'turma' would you ideally want to have, and why?
Reflect on the difference between a 'turma' and a 'grupo'. When would you choose one word over the other?
Create a short story about a group of friends who call themselves a 'turma' and go on an adventure.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenPrimarily, yes, 'turma' is used for a group of students in a class. However, it's also used informally, especially in Brazil, to refer to a group of friends or a social circle. It can also apply to any organized group with a shared activity, like a workshop or a volunteer group.
'Turma' typically refers to a specific group of students in a course or grade level who are learning together. 'Classe' can mean the same thing, but it also has broader meanings like 'social class' or 'category'. So, 'turma' is often more specific when talking about a school class.
For a sports team or a work team, use 'equipa' (in Portugal) or 'time' (in Brazil). While 'turma' implies a group, it's not the direct translation for 'team' in those contexts.
Yes, especially in informal Brazilian Portuguese, 'turma' is commonly used to refer to a group of friends or a social circle. You might hear 'Vamos sair com a nossa turma hoje?' which means 'Shall we go out with our group/gang today?'
The plural of 'turma' is 'turmas'.
When referring to a specific class, you generally use the definite article 'a' before 'turma', so it becomes 'a turma'.
Yes, a common informal idiom is 'turma do fundão', referring to the students who sit at the back of the classroom, often perceived as mischievous or less attentive. Another is 'a turma toda', meaning 'the entire class/group'.
'Turma' implies a sense of shared experience, belonging, and often camaraderie. Whether in an academic or social context, it suggests a cohesive unit.
Yes, 'turma' is used in both Portugal and Brazil. However, its informal usage to refer to a group of friends is particularly prevalent in Brazil.
Try using it in sentences describing your own or imagined classes, groups of friends, or any organized activity. Listen for it in Portuguese media and conversations.
Teste dich selbst 10 Fragen
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Portuguese word 'turma' predominantly refers to a class of students in an educational setting, emphasizing a group learning together. However, it extends to encompass any organized group united by a common activity or goal, from study groups to social circles, making it a versatile term for collective identity.
- Turma: a group of students in the same class.
- Also means any organized group with a shared activity or purpose.
- Primarily used in educational contexts.
- Can refer to friends or social circles informally.
Context is Key
While 'turma' most commonly means 'class', always pay attention to the context. If someone is talking about friends making plans, they might be using 'turma' informally. If they're discussing a school subject, it's almost certainly 'class'.
Stress the First Syllable
Remember that the stress in 'turma' falls on the first syllable: TUR-ma. This is crucial for clear pronunciation. Practice saying it aloud to get the rhythm right.
Article Usage
When referring to a specific class, it's common and often necessary to use the definite article 'a' before 'turma', forming 'a turma'. For example, 'a turma de matemática'.
Plural Form
Don't forget the plural form! When referring to multiple classes or groups, use 'turmas'.
Verwandte Inhalte
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Aluna
A1Student (female)
Aluno
A1Student (male)
aluno/a
A2Ein Schüler oder Student, der Unterricht erhält.
aluno(a)
A2Der Schüler hat seine Hausaufgaben zu Hause vergessen.
Alunos
A2Die Schüler lernen für ihre Abschlussprüfungen. Der Lehrer lobte die Schüler für ihre gute Arbeit.
analisar
B1Etwas methodisch und im Detail untersuchen. Ein Ganzes in seine Teile zerlegen, um es zu verstehen.
ano letivo
A2Das Schuljahr ist der Zeitraum, in dem der Unterricht stattfindet.
aprender
A1Lernen. Ich möchte Deutsch lernen. Er lernt aus seinen Fehlern.
aula
A1A class or lesson in an educational setting.
axioma
B1Ein Axiom ist eine Aussage oder ein Satz, der als etabliert, akzeptiert oder selbstverständlich wahr gilt und als grundlegende Prämisse oder Ausgangspunkt für logisches Denken oder den Aufbau einer Theorie dient.
