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A1 noun 9 Min. Lesezeit

рука

Arm or hand of a person

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'рука' means 'hand' or 'arm'. You should be able to use it in basic sentences like 'У мене є дві руки' (I have two hands) or 'Дай мені руку' (Give me your hand). Focus on the basic Nominative (рука) and Accusative (руку) forms. You will use this word to talk about your body, to greet people, and to describe simple actions like washing or holding something. It is one of the first 500 words you should learn because it is essential for physical description and basic interaction.

At the A2 level, you should start noticing the stress shift between singular (рукА) and plural (рУки). You will also learn the Instrumental case (рукою) to describe doing things 'with' your hand, such as 'Я пишу рукою' (I write with my hand). You should become familiar with simple adjectives like 'права рука' (right hand) and 'ліва рука' (left hand). You will also encounter the word in common social contexts, like 'тиснути руку' (to shake hands) and 'тримати за руку' (to hold by the hand).

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By B1, you should be comfortable with all the declensions of 'рука', including the tricky 'к' to 'ц' mutation in the Dative and Locative cases (в руці). You will start to learn common idioms like 'золоті руки' (skilled person) and 'мати довгі руки' (to have influence). You should be able to use the word in more abstract contexts, such as 'взяти справу в свої руки' (to take matters into one's own hands). Your vocabulary should also expand to include specific terms like 'долоня' (palm) and 'кисть' (wrist/hand).

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At the B2 level, you will encounter 'рука' in complex idiomatic expressions and literature. You should understand the nuances of phrases like 'рука руку миє' (one hand washes the other - referring to corruption or mutual favors) or 'під гарячу руку' (in the heat of the moment). You should be able to distinguish between different registers of speech, recognizing when 'рука' is used metaphorically in political or social commentary to represent power, labor, or control. You will also use the word in more technical or professional descriptions.

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At the C1 level, you should have a native-like command of the word's metaphorical potential. You will recognize it in sophisticated literature and philosophical texts where 'рука' might symbolize fate, divine intervention, or the creative spirit. You should be able to discuss the etymology of the word and its cognates in other Slavic languages. You will also be familiar with archaic or poetic forms like 'правиця' and 'лівиця' and know exactly when to use them for stylistic effect. Your use of 'рука' in idioms will be seamless and contextually perfect.

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At the C2 level, you understand the deepest cultural and historical layers of the word 'рука'. You can analyze its use in folklore, traditional rituals, and legal history (e.g., the concept of 'рукоприкладство' or physical assault). You can use the word to express the finest shades of meaning, from the 'hand' of an author in a manuscript to the 'hand' of a master in a painting. You are also aware of regional dialectal variations and the most modern slang uses (like 'рука-обличчя'). Your mastery is such that you can play with the word's meanings in puns and complex wordplay.

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рука in 30 Sekunden

The word 'рука' is a feminine Ukrainian noun meaning both 'hand' and 'arm'. It is essential for basic communication and physical description.
Grammatically, it follows the first declension and features a 'k' to 'c' consonant mutation in the Dative and Locative cases (руці).
Socially, it is central to greetings (handshakes) and numerous idioms that describe skill, influence, and emotional states in Ukrainian culture.
It is distinguished from 'долоня' (palm) and 'кисть' (wrist), which are more specific terms used when precision is required.

The Ukrainian word рука is a fundamental noun that every learner must master at the earliest stages of their journey. Unlike English, which strictly differentiates between the 'hand' (from the wrist to the fingertips) and the 'arm' (from the shoulder to the wrist), the Ukrainian language often uses the single term рука to refer to the entire upper limb. This linguistic characteristic is common across many Slavic languages and reflects a holistic view of the limb as a single functional unit. However, when precision is required, Ukrainians do have specific terms like кисть for the hand specifically or передпліччя for the forearm, but in daily conversation, рука is the undisputed king of terminology.

Anatomical Scope: In a medical or descriptive context, рука encompasses the humerus, radius, ulna, and the complex structure of the carpal bones. If you say your 'рука' hurts, a doctor might ask you to specify where exactly, but a friend will understand you are referring to any part of your arm or hand.
Functional Symbolism: Beyond biology, рука symbolizes agency, labor, and connection. It is the tool with which we build, the bridge through which we greet others with a handshake, and the instrument of artistic creation. To have 'golden hands' (золоті руки) is one of the highest compliments in Ukrainian culture, signifying extreme skill and craftsmanship.

Вона простягнула мені свою руку на знак примирення.

Translation: She extended her hand to me as a sign of reconciliation.

The word is also deeply embedded in the social fabric of Ukraine. For instance, the concept of a 'handshake' is not just a greeting but a contract of trust. When a Ukrainian offers a рука, they are offering their word. In rural traditions, the 'hands' of a bride and groom are often tied together with a рушник (ritual cloth) during a wedding ceremony to symbolize their union, making the word рука central to the concept of marriage and family bonding.

У майстра були справді золоті руки, він міг полагодити будь-що.

Metaphorical Power: The 'arm of the law' or the 'hand of fate' are concepts that translate directly into Ukrainian. The word conveys power and reach. If someone has 'long arms' (довгі руки), it often implies they have influence or reach in places they shouldn't, similar to the English idiom about the long arm of the law.

Дитина міцно тримала маму за руку.

In summary, рука is more than just a body part; it is a versatile tool of communication, a symbol of labor, and a key element in numerous cultural rituals and idiomatic expressions that define the Ukrainian worldview.

Mastering the usage of рука involves understanding its declension patterns. As a feminine noun ending in '-а', it follows the first declension group. This means the ending changes depending on its role in the sentence—whether it is the subject, the object, or indicating possession.

The Nominative Case (Subject): Used when the hand/arm is the performer of the action. Example: 'Моя рука болить' (My arm hurts). Here, 'рука' is the subject.
The Accusative Case (Direct Object): Used when something is being done to the hand. The '-а' changes to '-у'. Example: 'Я мию руку' (I am washing my hand). This is crucial for expressing physical actions.

Він підняв руку, щоб поставити запитання.

Translation: He raised his hand to ask a question.

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers is forgetting the Instrumental case. When you do something 'with' your hand, you use the ending '-ою'. This is the case used for tools and means of action.

Він написав цей лист власною рукою.

Translation: He wrote this letter with his own hand.

Plural Forms: The plural is руки. Note the stress shift! In 'рука' (singular), the stress is on the last syllable. In 'руки' (plural), the stress shifts to the first syllable: рУки. This is a common pattern in Ukrainian nouns that helps distinguish singular from plural.

When describing physical characteristics, we use adjectives like права (right) and ліва (left). 'Права рука' is also a common metaphor for a 'right-hand man' or a chief assistant. In professional settings, you might hear: 'Він — моя права рука' (He is my right hand).

Помий руки перед їдою!

Finally, the Locative case is used after certain prepositions like 'в' (in) or 'на' (on). The ending changes to '-і', and a consonant mutation occurs: 'к' changes to 'ц'. So, 'у руці' means 'in the hand'. This 'к' to 'ц' shift is a classic feature of Ukrainian grammar that often trips up beginners.

The word рука is omnipresent in Ukrainian life, from the most mundane daily tasks to high-brow literature and political discourse. If you are in a Ukrainian supermarket, you will hear it at the checkout; if you are in a hospital, the doctor will use it during an exam; if you are watching a romantic movie, the protagonist will inevitably reach for their partner's рука.

In the Household: Parents constantly tell their children: 'Візьми мене за руку' (Take me by the hand) when crossing the street. You will also hear 'Принеси мені це в руки' (Bring this to my hands/hand it to me).
In the Professional World: Handshakes are the standard greeting in business. A common phrase is 'тиснути руку' (to shake/press a hand). In job descriptions, you might see 'шукаємо робочі руки' (we are looking for working hands/laborers).

Ми потиснули один одному руки і підписали контракт.

Translation: We shook hands and signed the contract.

In the context of the current situation in Ukraine, you will frequently hear the word in news reports regarding 'humanitarian aid' (допомога з перших рук - first-hand help) or the 'arms' of soldiers defending the country. The phrase 'тримати зброю в руках' (to hold a weapon in one's hands) has become a powerful symbol of national defense and resilience.

Все в твоїх руках, не здавайся!

Literature and music are also full of this word. From Taras Shevchenko's poems about the tired hands of the peasantry to modern pop songs about reaching out for love, рука remains a primary image. In the digital age, you might even hear 'рука-обличчя' (hand-face), the Ukrainian equivalent of the 'facepalm' meme used by younger generations on social media.

Medical Context: If you visit a 'лікар' (doctor), they might say 'Підніміть праву руку' (Raise your right arm) or 'Стисніть руку в кулак' (Clench your hand into a fist).

Whether you are navigating a bureaucratic office or a bustling market in Lviv, the word рука will be your constant companion. It is a word of action, connection, and physical presence.

For English speakers, the most frequent pitfall when using рука is the confusion between 'hand' and 'arm'. Because Ukrainian uses one word for both, learners often struggle to know when they need to be more specific or when рука is enough. However, the biggest technical challenges lie in the grammar—specifically declension and consonant mutation.

Mistake 1: The 'K' to 'C' Mutation: Many learners say 'в рукі' instead of 'в руці'. In Ukrainian, when the letter 'к' is followed by the ending '-і' in the Dative or Locative cases, it must change to 'ц'. This is a mandatory rule. Incorrect: У мене в рукі гроші. Correct: У мене в руці гроші.
Mistake 2: Misplacing the Stress: As mentioned, the stress shifts between singular and plural. Pronouncing 'рУка' (singular) instead of 'рукА' is a common error. Likewise, saying 'рукИ' (plural) instead of 'рУки' can sound very unnatural to a native ear.

Помилка: Я бачу рука. Правильно: Я бачу руку.

Note: The direct object must be in the Accusative case.

Another subtle mistake is the usage of prepositions. In English, we say 'on the hand' or 'in the hand'. In Ukrainian, while 'на руці' (on the hand/arm) is common for watches or tattoos, 'в руці' (in the hand) is used for things you are holding. Using the wrong preposition can change the meaning or sound awkward.

Mistake 3: Over-specifying: English speakers often try to translate 'arm' as 'передпліччя' (forearm) in casual conversation. While technically correct, it sounds overly clinical. Just use 'рука' unless you are at the gym or the doctor's office.

Finally, watch out for the Instrumental case. When you say you did something 'by hand', the phrase is 'вручну' (an adverb) or 'власноруч'. Saying 'з рукою' (with a hand) usually implies you are physically accompanied by a hand, which is nonsensical. Use 'рукою' (by means of a hand) instead.

While рука is the most common term, Ukrainian has a rich vocabulary for specific parts of the arm or for different registers of speech. Knowing these will make your Ukrainian sound more natural and precise.

Кисть (Kyst'): This refers specifically to the hand from the wrist down. It is used in medical contexts or when discussing fine motor skills. Example: 'У нього дуже гнучка кисть' (He has a very flexible hand/wrist).
Долоня (Dolonya): This means 'palm'. It is used when talking about clapping, reading palms (fortune telling), or holding something flat. Example: 'Він поклав монету на долоню' (He put the coin on his palm).

Порівняння: рука (arm/hand) vs долоня (palm).

For more poetic or archaic contexts, you might encounter правиця (the right hand) and лівиця (the left hand). These terms are often found in historical novels or religious texts, emphasizing the symbolic nature of the hands.

Лапа (Lapa): Literally 'paw'. In slang, it can refer to a person's hand, often implying it is large or clumsy. It can also be used in the idiom 'дати на лапу' (to give to the paw), which means to give a bribe.
Плече (Pleche): While this means 'shoulder', in Ukrainian, the area from the shoulder to the elbow is often called 'плече' in a medical sense, though in common speech, 'рука' still covers it.

Він плеснув у долоні від радості.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the right word for the right situation. Whether you are describing the 'palm' of a hand in a poem or the 'limb' of a patient in a medical report, you now have the tools to go beyond the basic word рука.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

"Просимо прикласти руку до цієї ініціативи."

Neutral

"Він підняв руку."

Informell

"Дай лапу!"

Child friendly

"Дай мамі ручку."

Umgangssprache

"У нього довгі руки."

Wusstest du?

The word 'рука' is so ancient that its basic form has remained virtually unchanged for over a thousand years across the Slavic world.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ruˈka/

US /ruˈkɑː/

The stress is on the second syllable (рукА) in the singular nominative, but it shifts to the first syllable (рУки) in the plural nominative.

Reimt sich auf

ріка (river) мука (torment) наука (science) щука (pike fish) розлука (separation) звука (sound - genitive) онука (granddaughter) порука (guarantee)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing it as 'ru-ka' with English 'r'.
Confusing the 'u' with the English 'uh' sound.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable in singular form.
Failing to mutate 'k' to 'c' in the locative case.
Pronouncing the final 'a' as a schwa.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 1/5

The word is short and appears frequently in all texts.

Schreiben 3/5

Declension and consonant mutations (k to c) require practice.

Sprechen 2/5

The stress shift in plural is the only minor hurdle.

Hören 1/5

Very distinct sound, easy to recognize.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

я мати мій правий лівий

Als Nächstes lernen

палець нога голова тіло тримати

Fortgeschritten

кисть передпліччя лікоть суглоб

Wichtige Grammatik

First Declension Feminine Nouns

рука (Nom), руки (Gen), руці (Dat/Loc), руку (Acc), рукою (Ins).

Consonant Mutation (k -> c)

When 'к' meets the ending '-і', it becomes 'ц': рука -> руці.

Stress Shift in Plural

Singular: рукА. Plural: рУки.

Agreement with Adjectives

МоЯ (fem) рука, правА (fem) рука.

Instrumental for Means

Писати (чимо?) рукою.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

Моя рука болить.

My arm/hand hurts.

Nominative singular (subject).

Дай мені свою руку.

Give me your hand.

Accusative singular (direct object).

У неї маленька рука.

She has a small hand.

Nominative singular.

Помий руки!

Wash your hands!

Accusative plural (direct object).

Це моя права рука.

This is my right hand.

Nominative singular with adjective.

Він тримає яблуко в руці.

He is holding an apple in his hand.

Locative singular (after 'в'). Note the mutation k -> c.

Тут дві руки.

There are two hands here.

Genitive singular used after the number 2 (дві).

Підніми руку.

Raise your hand.

Accusative singular.

Він пише лівою рукою.

He writes with his left hand.

Instrumental singular (means of action).

Ми потиснули один одному руки.

We shook each other's hands.

Accusative plural.

Вона несе сумку в руках.

She is carrying a bag in her hands.

Locative plural.

У нього сильні руки.

He has strong arms/hands.

Nominative plural.

Дитина схопила маму за руку.

The child grabbed the mother by the hand.

Accusative singular.

Поклади це мені в руку.

Put this in my hand.

Accusative singular (motion into).

Твої руки холодні.

Your hands are cold.

Nominative plural.

Він помахав мені рукою.

He waved to me with his hand.

Instrumental singular.

У нього справді золоті руки.

He really has golden hands (he is very skilled).

Idiomatic use of Nominative plural.

Я тримаю ситуацію у своїх руках.

I am keeping the situation in my hands (under control).

Metaphorical Locative plural.

Він зробив це власноруч.

He did it with his own hands (manually).

Adverbial compound derived from 'рука'.

Книга випала з моїх рук.

The book fell out of my hands.

Genitive plural.

Вона приклала руку до серця.

She placed her hand on her heart.

Accusative singular.

Це було зроблено на швидку руку.

It was done in a hurry (on a quick hand).

Idiomatic prepositional phrase.

Він — моя права рука в офісі.

He is my right hand (chief assistant) in the office.

Metaphorical Nominative singular.

Гроші пройшли через багато рук.

The money passed through many hands.

Genitive plural.

Рука руку миє, і обидві стають чистими.

One hand washes the other, and both become clean (mutual favors).

Proverbial usage with Nominative and Accusative.

Він потрапив під гарячу руку начальника.

He got caught in the boss's heat of the moment (under a hot hand).

Idiomatic Accusative singular.

Не опускай руки, все буде добре.

Don't lower your hands (don't give up), everything will be fine.

Idiomatic Accusative plural.

У нього руки сверблять це зробити.

His hands are itching to do it (he is eager).

Idiomatic Nominative plural.

Він звик жити на широку руку.

He is used to living on a grand scale (on a wide hand).

Idiomatic Accusative singular.

Справедливість має довгі руки.

Justice has long arms (long reach).

Metaphorical Accusative plural.

Він виграв справу легкою рукою.

He won the case with a light hand (easily/with luck).

Instrumental singular.

Це було як рукою зняло.

It was as if it was removed by a hand (it disappeared instantly).

Idiomatic Instrumental singular.

Його долі торкнулася рука провидіння.

The hand of providence touched his fate.

Poetic Nominative singular.

Він завжди діяв чужими руками.

He always acted through the hands of others (using others).

Instrumental plural.

Ця робота вимагає твердої руки.

This work requires a firm hand (steady control).

Genitive singular.

Він не хотів бути маріонеткою в їхніх руках.

He didn't want to be a puppet in their hands.

Locative plural.

Він щедрою рукою роздавав обіцянки.

With a generous hand, he handed out promises.

Instrumental singular.

Його рука не здригнулася в той момент.

His hand did not flinch/tremble at that moment.

Nominative singular.

Він був лише знаряддям у руках долі.

He was merely a tool in the hands of fate.

Locative plural.

Його стиль письма видає руку майстра.

His writing style reveals the hand of a master.

Accusative singular.

Політик намагався прибрати владу до своїх рук.

The politician tried to take all power into his hands.

Idiomatic Accusative plural.

Це питання потребує негайного прикладення рук.

This issue requires immediate application of hands (effort).

Genitive plural.

Він тримав усіх у залізних руках.

He held everyone in iron hands (strict control).

Locative plural.

Він був за крок від того, щоб опустити руки перед труднощами.

He was a step away from giving up (lowering hands) before difficulties.

Infinitive phrase with idiom.

Його правиця міцно тримала меч.

His right hand (archaic) firmly held the sword.

Usage of archaic synonym 'правиця'.

Він не подав руки своєму ворогу.

He did not offer his hand to his enemy.

Genitive singular (negated object).

Це було зроблено під чуйним керівництвом і легкою рукою майстра.

This was done under the sensitive guidance and light hand of the master.

Complex Instrumental usage.

Він відчував, як життя витікає крізь руки.

He felt how life was slipping through his hands.

Accusative plural after 'крізь'.

Häufige Kollokationen

права рука

мити руки

тиснути руку

золоті руки

тримати за руку

підняти руку

власними руками

дати руку

руки вгору

скласти руки

Häufige Phrasen

З перших рук

На швидку руку

Під рукою

З порожніми руками

Рукою подати

Мати вільні руки

Взяти себе в руки

Чужими руками

З легким серцем і чистою рукою

Подати руку допомоги

Wird oft verwechselt mit

рука vs ріка

Sounds similar but means 'river'. 'Рука' has a 'u' sound, 'ріка' has an 'i' sound.

рука vs ручка

Means 'pen' or 'handle' as well as 'small hand'. Context is key.

рука vs нога

Sometimes learners mix up 'arm/hand' and 'leg/foot' when learning body parts.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"Золоті руки"

To be extremely skilled at manual work or craftsmanship. A very high compliment.

У нашого механіка золоті руки.

Neutral

"Рука руку миє"

Mutual assistance in shady or corrupt dealings. One favor deserves another.

У цій мерії рука руку миє.

Informal

"Як рукою зняло"

Used when pain or a bad mood disappears instantly and completely.

Я випив чаю, і втому як рукою зняло.

Neutral

"Опустити руки"

To lose hope and stop trying. To give up.

Ніколи не опускай руки, навіть у складні часи.

Neutral

"Мати довгі руки"

To have a lot of influence or to be able to reach/punish someone far away.

У правосуддя довгі руки.

Literary

"Руки сверблять"

To be very eager to do something, often something physical or impulsive.

У мене вже руки сверблять почати ремонт.

Informal

"Під гарячу руку"

To encounter someone when they are very angry. In the heat of the moment.

Краще не підходь до нього, бо потрапиш під гарячу руку.

Informal

"Тримати в руках"

To keep someone or something under strict control.

Вона тримає весь відділ у своїх руках.

Neutral

"З легким серцем і легкою рукою"

Doing something easily or successfully, often with luck.

Вона почала новий бізнес з легкою рукою.

Neutral

"Вмивати руки"

To refuse to take further responsibility for something. To wash one's hands of it.

Я зробив усе, що міг, тепер я вмиваю руки.

Literary

Leicht verwechselbar

рука vs кисть

Both can mean 'hand'.

'Рука' is the whole limb; 'кисть' is only the part from the wrist down. 'Кисть' is more formal or anatomical.

У нього болить кисть після гри на піаніно.

рука vs долоня

Both refer to the hand area.

'Долоня' is specifically the palm. You clap with your 'долоні', but you shake 'руки'.

Він поклав руку на мою долоню.

рука vs передпліччя

Both can refer to the arm.

'Передпліччя' is specifically the forearm. 'Рука' is the general term.

Він має татуювання на передпліччі.

рука vs плече

Refers to the upper limb area.

'Плече' is the shoulder. English 'arm' is often just 'рука'.

Він поклав руку мені на плече.

рука vs ручка

Is a diminutive of 'рука'.

'Ручка' is a pen, a door handle, or a child's hand. 'Рука' is an adult hand/arm.

Я пишу синьою ручкою.

Satzmuster

У мене є [adjective] рука.

У мене є сильна рука.

Дай мені [noun in Accusative].

Дай мені руку.

Я [verb] [adjective] рукою.

Я пишу правою рукою.

Помий [noun in Accusative plural].

Помий руки.

Тримати [noun] у [noun in Locative].

Тримати телефон у руці.

Він — моя [metaphor].

Він — моя права рука.

Не треба [idiom].

Не треба опускати руки.

Робити щось [adverb].

Робити щось власноруч.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

Verben

Adjektive

Verwandt

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Extremely common in everyday speech, literature, and media.

Häufige Fehler

Я маю дві рука. → Я маю дві руки.
After the number 'дві', you must use the Genitive singular form, which is 'руки'.
Гроші в рукі. → Гроші в руці.
Consonant mutation 'k' to 'c' is mandatory in the Locative case.
Він пише з рукою. → Він пише рукою.
When using a body part as a tool, use the Instrumental case alone, without the preposition 'з'.
Моя руки болять. → Мої руки болять.
The possessive pronoun 'моя' (singular) must match the plural noun 'руки'. Use 'мої'.
Він підняв рУку. → Він підняв рукУ.
In the singular Accusative, the stress remains on the last syllable.

Tipps

Master the Mutation

Always remember the 'k' to 'c' shift in 'руці'. Practice saying 'в руці' ten times a day until it feels natural.

Handshake Etiquette

In Ukraine, always take off your glove before shaking someone's hand. It's a sign of respect and openness.

The Power of Diminutives

Use 'ручка' when talking to babies. It makes your Ukrainian sound much more native and affectionate.

Don't Over-translate

If you are pointing to your shoulder and saying it hurts, just say 'рука'. Ukrainians don't feel the need to say 'arm' specifically.

The Rook Mnemonic

Visualize a 'Rook' from chess having a giant 'Hand' (Ruka) to move itself. Visual aids are great for A1 words.

Use 'Золоті руки'

Compliment a Ukrainian craftsman with 'У вас золоті руки'. It is one of the best ways to build rapport.

Stress the Plural

Remember: 'рукА' (one), 'рУки' (many). The stress shift is the key to being understood clearly.

Instrumental Case

Use 'рукою' when you want to say you did something 'with' your hand. 'Я махаю рукою' (I wave with my hand).

The Threshold Rule

Never shake hands over a doorway. It's an old superstition that still holds weight in Ukraine. Step inside first!

Poetic Hands

In poetry, use 'долоні' to sound more romantic or descriptive than just using 'руки'.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'Rook' (the chess piece) having a giant 'Hand' to move itself across the board. Ruka = Rook-a.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a giant golden hand (золоті руки) holding a Ukrainian flag. This connects the physical hand to the concept of skill and national pride.

Word Web

рука пальці нігті долоня зап'ястя лікоть плече кулак

Herausforderung

Try to spend 5 minutes describing everything you do with your 'рука' today using only Ukrainian verbs (пишу, мию, тримаю).

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Proto-Slavic word *rǫka. It has cognates in almost all Slavic languages (e.g., Russian 'рука', Polish 'ręka', Czech 'ruka').

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The root is believed to be related to the Proto-Indo-European root *renk-, meaning to gather or collect, signifying the hand as the primary tool for gathering.

Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > East Slavic > Ukrainian.

Kultureller Kontext

Be aware of physical boundaries; while handshakes are common, uninvited touching of the arm or hand can be seen as overly familiar in professional settings.

English speakers should be careful not to over-translate 'arm' and 'hand' into two different words in Ukrainian. Usually, 'рука' is sufficient for both.

The poem 'Руки' by various Ukrainian poets celebrating labor. The common Ukrainian saying 'Рука руку миє'. The concept of 'Золоті руки' in Ukrainian folk tales.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Greetings

Тиснути руку
Потиск руки
Подати руку
Вітатися за руку

Health/Doctor

Болить рука
Зламати руку
Підняти руку
Зігнути руку

Work/Labor

Робочі руки
Золоті руки
Робити власноруч
Майстер на всі руки

Control/Power

Взяти в руки
Тримати в руках
Віддати в руки
Довгі руки

Daily Actions

Мити руки
Тримати за руку
Махати рукою
Взяти в руку

Gesprächseinstiege

"У тебе болить рука після тренування?"

"Ти пишеш правою чи лівою рукою?"

"Чи важко тобі тримати все у своїх руках?"

"Хто у вашій родині має 'золоті руки'?"

"Як часто ти тиснеш руки новим знайомим?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Опишіть день, коли ви відчували, що у вас 'все падає з рук'. Що трапилося?

Напишіть про людину, яку ви вважаєте своєю 'правою рукою'. Чому вона важлива?

Чи вважаєте ви, що у вас 'золоті руки'? Які навички ви маєте?

Опишіть відчуття, коли ви востаннє тримали когось за руку.

Напишіть про те, як важливо 'не опускати руки' у складних ситуаціях.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It means both! Ukrainian usually doesn't distinguish between the two in casual speech. If you need to be specific about the 'hand', you can use 'кисть', and for 'arm', you can sometimes use 'передпліччя', but 'рука' is the most common word for the entire limb.

You say 'у моїй руці'. Notice that the 'к' in 'рука' changes to 'ц' because of the Locative case ending '-і'. This is a common rule in Ukrainian grammar called consonant mutation.

The plural is 'руки'. Importantly, the stress shifts from the end of the word in singular (рукА) to the beginning in plural (рУки). This helps native speakers distinguish between one and many.

Literally 'golden hands', it's a very common compliment for someone who is very skilled at making or fixing things. If you can fix a car or knit a beautiful sweater, people will say you have 'золоті руки'.

It is a feminine noun. You can tell by the '-а' ending. This means you must use feminine adjectives (e.g., 'моя рука', 'права рука') and feminine past tense verbs (e.g., 'рука боліла').

The most common way is 'тиснути руку' (literally 'to press the hand') or 'потиснути руку'. In a plural context, it's 'потиснути руки'.

'Рука' is the standard word for hand/arm. 'Ручка' is a diminutive form used for children's hands, but it also commonly means 'a pen' (to write with) or 'a handle' (on a door or bag).

Yes, just like in English. 'Мати довгі руки' means to have a long reach or influence, often in a political or slightly negative sense.

You can use the adverb 'вручну' (for manual labor) or 'власноруч' (meaning 'with one's own hands', usually for writing or creating something personally).

It's an idiom used when physical pain or a bad emotional state disappears completely and suddenly. It's like saying 'it vanished into thin air'.

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