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B1 noun 11 Min. Lesezeit

贸易逆差

maoyi nicha

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Erklärung 贸易逆差 in your Level:

At the A1 level, we can think of '贸易逆差' (màyì nìchā) simply as 'buying too much from other countries.' Imagine you have a neighbor. You buy 10 apples from him, but you only sell him 2 oranges. You are giving him more money than he gives you. This 'gap' is like a trade deficit. In Chinese, '贸易' means trade or business between countries. '逆' means 'opposite' or 'not smooth.' '差' means 'difference.' So it is a 'difference' that is 'opposite' to what a country usually wants (which is to sell more). Even though this is a big word, you can understand it as: Imports (buying) > Exports (selling). When a country buys more than it sells, we say it has a 贸易逆差.

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At the A2 level, you can start to use the word in simple sentences about countries. '贸易逆差' is a noun. You use it to describe a country's shopping habit. For example, '这个国家有贸易逆差' (This country has a trade deficit). This means the country is spending more money on foreign goods than it is earning from selling its own goods to other countries. You might see this word in simple news headlines. It is the opposite of '贸易顺差' (trade surplus), where '顺' means smooth or good. A1 and A2 learners should focus on the idea that '逆' (nì) is usually for bad or difficult things, like '逆风' (against the wind).

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At the B1 level, you should understand that '贸易逆差' (trade deficit) is a key economic indicator. It is used in formal reports and news. You should be able to explain that it happens when the value of imports is greater than the value of exports. You will notice it often used with the preposition '对' (duì). For example, '美国对中国有贸易逆差' (The US has a trade deficit with China). You should also learn common verbs like '产生' (to produce) or '扩大' (to expand) that go with it. At this level, you are expected to understand the word when reading a news article about the economy or listening to a basic business report.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '贸易逆差' in discussions about globalization and international relations. You should understand that a deficit isn't just about physical goods but also includes services (服务贸易). You might discuss the reasons behind a deficit, such as currency exchange rates (汇率) or consumer behavior. You should be able to use more advanced verbs like '扭转' (to reverse) or '缩小' (to narrow). For example, '政府采取措施以缩小贸易逆差' (The government took measures to narrow the trade deficit). You should also be able to distinguish it from a budget deficit (财政赤字).

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At the C1 level, '贸易逆差' should be a word you can use with precision in academic or professional writing. You should understand the macroeconomic implications, such as how a persistent 贸易逆差 affects a country's foreign exchange reserves and its currency's value. You will encounter terms like '结构性贸易逆差' (structural trade deficit), which refers to a deficit caused by the fundamental structure of an economy. You should be able to debate the pros and cons of a deficit—for example, how it might allow for higher current consumption but lead to long-term debt. Your usage should include complex sentence structures and high-level collocations.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of '贸易逆差.' You understand its historical nuances in Chinese history, such as the trade imbalances of the 19th century. You can analyze complex trade data and discuss the 'service trade deficit' vs 'merchandise trade surplus' in the context of China's evolving economy. You can use the word in sophisticated metaphors or in-depth economic policy analysis. You understand how global value chains make simple 贸易逆差 figures less accurate in reflecting who actually profits from trade. You can speak fluently about the 'balance of payments' (国际收支) and how the trade deficit is just one component of the current account.

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贸易逆差 in 30 Sekunden

Trade deficit: Imports exceed exports in value.
Commonly used in economic news and political debates.
Opposite of 贸易顺差 (trade surplus).
Indicates a net outflow of currency from a country.

The term 贸易逆差 (màyì nìchā) is a fundamental concept in international economics and macroeconomics. At its simplest level, it describes a situation where the total value of a country's imports—the goods and services it buys from other nations—exceeds the total value of its exports—the goods and services it sells to other nations. In English, this is universally known as a trade deficit. The term is constructed from two distinct Chinese words: 贸易 (màyì), meaning 'trade,' and 逆差 (nìchā), meaning 'adverse balance' or 'reverse difference.' This 'reverse' quality implies that the flow of money is moving out of the country faster than it is coming in, which is historically viewed through a mercantilist lens as a negative or 'reverse' state of affairs, though modern economists debate whether a deficit is inherently harmful.

Economic Context: In high-level economic discussions, 贸易逆差 is often used to analyze a nation's competitiveness. A persistent deficit might suggest that domestic industries are struggling to compete with foreign producers or that the national currency is overvalued, making imports cheaper and exports more expensive for foreign buyers.
Political Discourse: Politicians frequently use this term when discussing trade wars or protectionist policies. For example, if Country A has a massive 贸易逆差 with Country B, leaders in Country A might call for tariffs to 'level the playing field' and reduce the gap.
Financial Reporting: In quarterly financial news, you will hear phrases like '贸易逆差扩大' (the trade deficit expanded) or '贸易逆差收窄' (the trade deficit narrowed). These movements are used as indicators of future GDP growth and currency strength.

Understanding 贸易逆差 requires recognizing that it is not just about physical goods like cars or electronics; it also includes services like tourism, intellectual property royalties, and financial services. When you travel abroad and spend money in another country, you are contributing to your home country's service trade deficit. Because China has historically been the 'world's factory,' it often maintains a trade surplus (贸易顺差) in goods but frequently experiences a 贸易逆差 in services, such as when Chinese students study at overseas universities or Chinese tourists travel to Europe.

去年该国的贸易逆差达到了历史最高点，引发了政府的担忧。 (Last year, the country's trade deficit reached a historical high, sparking government concern.)

长期存在的贸易逆差可能会对本国货币造成贬值压力。 (A long-standing trade deficit may put devaluation pressure on the domestic currency.)

为了减少贸易逆差，政府决定鼓励出口。 (To reduce the trade deficit, the government decided to encourage exports.)

不仅是商品贸易，服务贸易中的贸易逆差同样值得关注。 (Not just commodity trade, but the trade deficit in service trade is also worth paying attention to.)

如果一个国家过度依赖进口，很容易产生巨大的贸易逆差。 (If a country relies too heavily on imports, it is easy to generate a huge trade deficit.)

In the context of global supply chains, 贸易逆差 can be misleading. For instance, an iPhone is exported from China to the USA, counting as a deficit for the USA and a surplus for China. However, many components are imported into China first, and much of the profit goes to Apple in the USA. Thus, while the 贸易逆差 figures look stark on paper, the actual economic benefit might be distributed differently. This nuance is often discussed in advanced Chinese business news (财经新闻).

Using 贸易逆差 correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and its relationship with verbs like 'produce,' 'reduce,' or 'expand.' Because it is a formal economic term, it is rarely found in casual slang but is ubiquitous in professional writing. The most common sentence pattern is 'Country A 对 (against/with) Country B 存在 (exists) 贸易逆差.' This indicates that Country A is buying more from Country B than it is selling to it.

Verb Collocations: Common verbs used with this term include 产生 (chǎnshēng - to produce/generate), 扩大 (kuòdà - to expand), 缩小 (suōxiǎo - to narrow), and 扭转 (niǔzhuǎn - to reverse/turn around). For example: '政府致力于扭转目前的贸易逆差' (The government is dedicated to reversing the current trade deficit).
Adjectival Modifiers: You can describe the scale of the deficit using adjectives like 巨额 (jù'é - huge amount), 长期 (chángqī - long-term), or 持续 (chíxù - continuous). A '巨额贸易逆差' is a common headline phrase in Chinese financial newspapers like the Caixin or Economic Daily.

When discussing the causes of 贸易逆差, speakers often use the structure '由于...导致了贸易逆差' (Due to... resulted in a trade deficit). This allows for complex explanations involving exchange rates, consumer demand, or resource scarcity. It is also important to distinguish between '商品贸易逆差' (merchandise trade deficit) and '服务贸易逆差' (services trade deficit) to be precise in professional settings.

美国对华的贸易逆差一直是双边谈判的核心议题。 (The US trade deficit with China has always been a core issue in bilateral negotiations.)

由于能源价格上涨，许多石油进口国出现了严重的贸易逆差。 (Due to rising energy prices, many oil-importing countries have experienced severe trade deficits.)

该国通过增加高科技产品出口，成功缩小了贸易逆差。 (The country successfully narrowed its trade deficit by increasing exports of high-tech products.)

如果贸易逆差持续扩大，可能会引发通货膨胀。 (If the trade deficit continues to expand, it might trigger inflation.)

专家认为，单纯的贸易逆差并不能全面反映一个国家的经济健康状况。 (Experts believe that a simple trade deficit cannot fully reflect a country's economic health.)

In a debate or analytical essay, you might use 贸易逆差 to contrast different economic periods. For example, comparing a period of self-sufficiency with a period of globalization where a country becomes a net importer. Using terms like '结构性贸易逆差' (structural trade deficit) shows a high level of Chinese proficiency, indicating that the deficit is built into the way the economy functions rather than being a temporary fluctuation.

You are most likely to encounter 贸易逆差 in formal media environments. If you watch CCTV-4 (the international Chinese channel) or listen to podcasts like 'Economic Half-Hour' (经济半小时), this term is a staple. It is the language of policy-makers, researchers, and business journalists. Unlike common words for 'buying' or 'selling,' this word signals a shift into a professional or academic register. You will hear it in news reports about the G20 summit, BRICS meetings, or bilateral trade talks between major economies.

News Broadcasts: News anchors often read statistics from the General Administration of Customs (海关总署). They might say, '今年上半年，我国对某国的贸易逆差有所下降' (In the first half of this year, our country's trade deficit with a certain country has decreased somewhat).
University Lectures: In an Economics 101 or International Trade class at a Chinese university, the professor will use this term to explain the balance of payments (国际收支平衡表). Students are expected to define it in exams.
Business Meetings: Corporate strategists at multinational corporations might discuss how a country's 贸易逆差 affects foreign exchange risk. If a country has a massive deficit, its currency might become volatile, affecting the company's profits when converted back to their home currency.

Beyond the news, you might see this word in documentaries about the history of trade, such as the Silk Road or the Opium Wars. In historical contexts, the trade imbalance between the Qing Dynasty and Great Britain (where Britain had a massive 贸易逆差 because of tea and silk imports) is a crucial turning point that led to the introduction of opium. Thus, the word carries historical weight in the Chinese consciousness, representing a potential vulnerability or a source of international tension.

晚间新闻报道了关于全球贸易逆差的最新数据。 (The evening news reported the latest data on the global trade deficit.)

在经济学讲座上，教授详细解释了贸易逆差的成因。 (In the economics lecture, the professor explained the causes of the trade deficit in detail.)

这家报纸的头条是关于如何应对日益增长的贸易逆差。 (The newspaper's headline is about how to deal with the growing trade deficit.)

他在会议上提到，贸易逆差并不总是坏事，它也反映了强劲的国内消费。 (He mentioned at the meeting that a trade deficit isn't always a bad thing; it also reflects strong domestic consumption.)

纪录片分析了十九世纪中英之间的贸易逆差问题。 (The documentary analyzed the trade deficit issue between China and Britain in the 19th century.)

Finally, in the age of social media, you might see 贸易逆差 used metaphorically in dating or social relationships (though this is creative slang). Someone might jokingly say they have a '感情逆差' (emotional deficit) if they are putting more effort into a relationship than they are receiving. However, this is a non-standard use and should be used with caution!

The most common mistake learners make with 贸易逆差 is confusing it with its antonym, 贸易顺差 (màyì shùnchā). Because both terms look very similar and are often discussed in the same breath, it is easy to swap the characters. Remember that 顺 (shùn) means 'smooth,' 'favorable,' or 'along with,' which in a traditional economic sense describes a surplus (selling more than buying). 逆 (nì) means 'contrary' or 'backwards,' describing a deficit.

Misusing Verbs: Learners often try to use '贸易逆差' as a verb, saying things like '我们国家贸易逆差了许多商品' (Our country trade-deficited many goods). This is incorrect. You must use a verb like '存在' (exist) or '产生' (generate). Correct: '我们国家在商品贸易上存在巨额逆差' (Our country has a huge deficit in commodity trade).
Confusing '逆差' with '赤字': While both words translate to 'deficit' in English, '赤字' (chìzì) usually refers to a budget deficit (government spending vs. revenue), while '逆差' specifically refers to international trade. Using '贸易赤字' is technically understood but '贸易逆差' is the standard, professional term.

Another subtle mistake is the incorrect use of prepositions. In English, we say 'deficit *with* China.' In Chinese, you should use '对... (存在) 逆差' (dui... exist deficit). If you use '和' (with) or '与' (with), it is sometimes acceptable but '对' is the most standard way to indicate the counterparty in the trade relationship.

错误：我们的贸易逆差了。 (Incorrect: Our trade deficited.)
正确：我们面临着严重的贸易逆差。 (Correct: We are facing a serious trade deficit.)

错误：贸易顺差意味着我们买得更多。 (Incorrect: Trade surplus means we buy more.)
正确：贸易逆差意味着进口额大于出口额。 (Correct: Trade deficit means imports are greater than exports.)

错误：政府预算逆差。 (Incorrect: Government budget trade deficit.)
正确：政府预算赤字。 (Correct: Government budget deficit.)

错误：对美国的贸易顺差是坏事。 (Incorrect: A trade surplus with the US is bad - usually, people worry about the deficit.)
正确：人们普遍担心对美贸易逆差的扩大。 (Correct: People generally worry about the expansion of the trade deficit with the US.)

错误：我们减少了逆差的出口。 (Incorrect: We reduced the export of the deficit.)
正确：我们通过增加出口来缩小贸易逆差。 (Correct: We narrowed the trade deficit by increasing exports.)

Lastly, avoid using 贸易逆差 in very casual conversation about personal finances. You wouldn't say you have a 'trade deficit' with the grocery store. Use '入不敷出' (rù bù fū chū - income not meeting expenses) for personal financial struggles. Keep 贸易逆差 for countries, regions, or large-scale economic sectors.

While 贸易逆差 is the standard term, there are several related words that learners should know to sound more sophisticated or to understand more technical texts. Depending on the context—whether it's a formal report, a casual news summary, or a specific financial analysis—you might choose a different word.

入超 (rùchāo): This is a more formal, slightly older academic synonym for 贸易逆差. '入' means enter (imports) and '超' means exceed. You will see this in textbooks and historical documents. It is the exact equivalent but less common in modern TV news.
贸易赤字 (màyì chìzì): As mentioned before, '赤字' literally means 'red ink' (from the practice of writing losses in red). While '赤字' is usually for budgets, '贸易赤字' is often used in translations of Western news or in more colloquial financial discussions to mean trade deficit.
国际收支失衡 (guójì shōuzhī shīhéng): This means 'Imbalance in the balance of payments.' This is a broader term that includes the trade deficit but also encompasses capital flows, loans, and investments. Use this if you are talking about the overall financial health of a nation's interactions with the world.

When you want to describe the *opposite* of a trade deficit, you use 贸易顺差 (màyì shùnchā) or its technical synonym 出超 (chūchāo). Understanding these pairs is essential for passing HSK 5 or 6 exams and for reading any Chinese business publication like Caixin or the Wall Street Journal's Chinese edition.

在一些旧的教科书中，贸易逆差也被称为“入超”。 (In some old textbooks, trade deficit is also called 'ruchao'.)

虽然他用了“贸易赤字”这个词，但老师纠正说应该用“贸易逆差”。 (Although he used the term 'trade deficit [red ink],' the teacher corrected him, saying 'trade deficit [inverse difference]' should be used.)

长期的贸易逆差会导致国际收支失衡。 (A long-term trade deficit will lead to an imbalance in the balance of payments.)

与贸易逆差相反，贸易顺差意味着出口大于进口。 (Contrary to a trade deficit, a trade surplus means exports are greater than imports.)

该国从出超国转变为入超国，即出现了贸易逆差。 (The country transformed from a surplus country to a deficit country, meaning a trade deficit appeared.)

In summary, while there are alternatives, 贸易逆差 is the most versatile and widely accepted term in modern Mandarin for any context involving international trade imbalances. Mastering it, along with its counterpart 顺差, is a milestone in moving from general Chinese to professional business Chinese.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In Chinese, the character '逆' (nì) originally depicted a person walking in the opposite direction of a crowd, which perfectly captures the idea of money flowing 'against' the desired direction of the country.

Aussprachehilfe

UK màyì nìchā

US màyì nìchā

Primary stress on 'ma' and 'ni'.

Reimt sich auf

贸易 (màyì) rhymes with 利益 (lìyì), 记忆 (jìyì). 逆差 (nìchā) rhymes with 偏差 (piānchā), 时差 (shíchā).

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'cha' in the 4th tone (chà) instead of the 1st tone (chā).
Mixing up 'ni' (4th) with 'ni' (2nd).
Confusing the tones of 'màyì' with 'mǎiyì'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal economic characters.

Schreiben 5/5

The character '逆' can be tricky to write correctly.

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward if tones are mastered.

Hören 4/5

Often spoken quickly in news broadcasts.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

贸易进口出口增加减少

Als Nächstes lernen

贸易顺差外汇储备经常账户通货膨胀宏观经济

Fortgeschritten

国际收支平衡表比较优势保护主义配额制

Wichtige Grammatik

Using '对' to indicate the counterparty in trade.

中国对美国存在贸易逆差。

The use of '由于...导致' for economic cause and effect.

由于进口增加，导致了贸易逆差。

Using '通过...来' to show the method of solving an economic problem.

通过增加出口来缩小贸易逆差。

Adjective placement before the noun for emphasis.

巨额的贸易逆差是一个大问题。

Nominalization of verb phrases as subjects.

减少贸易逆差是非常困难的。

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Beispiele nach Niveau

这个国家买的东西很多，所以有贸易逆差。

This country buys many things, so it has a trade deficit.

Uses '有' (to have) with the noun.

贸易逆差是不好的吗？

Is a trade deficit bad?

Simple question structure.

我们国家去年有贸易逆差。

Our country had a trade deficit last year.

Time phrase + subject + verb + object.

贸易逆差就是买得多，卖得少。

Trade deficit means buying more and selling less.

Defining a term using '就是'.

我不喜欢贸易逆差。

I don't like trade deficits.

Subject + negative + verb + object.

这里有一个贸易逆差。

There is a trade deficit here.

Existential sentence.

贸易逆差很大。

The trade deficit is very big.

Noun + adjective.

什么是贸易逆差？

What is a trade deficit?

Simple 'what' question.

如果进口比出口多，就会产生贸易逆差。

If imports are more than exports, a trade deficit will be generated.

If... then... (如果...就...) structure.

这个国家的贸易逆差正在增加。

This country's trade deficit is increasing.

Present continuous with '正在'.

为了解决贸易逆差，我们需要卖更多东西。

To solve the trade deficit, we need to sell more things.

Purpose clause with '为了'.

由于贸易逆差，钱流到了国外。

Due to the trade deficit, money flowed abroad.

Cause and effect with '由于'.

新闻里说，我们的贸易逆差变小了。

The news said our trade deficit has become smaller.

Indirect speech.

我不明白为什么会有贸易逆差。

I don't understand why there is a trade deficit.

Embedded question.

贸易逆差对经济有影响。

The trade deficit has an impact on the economy.

A 对 B 有影响 pattern.

去年，很多国家出现了贸易逆差。

Last year, many countries experienced trade deficits.

Verb '出现' meaning to appear/emerge.

美国对中国的贸易逆差一直是一个热点话题。

The US trade deficit with China has always been a hot topic.

Subject 'A 对 B 的贸易逆差'.

专家预测明年的贸易逆差将会扩大。

Experts predict the trade deficit will expand next year.

Use of '预测' (predict) and '扩大' (expand).

政府正在努力通过增加出口来缩小贸易逆差。

The government is working hard to narrow the trade deficit by increasing exports.

Using '通过...来...' to show method/purpose.

长期的贸易逆差可能会导致货币贬值。

A long-term trade deficit may lead to currency devaluation.

Use of '导致' (lead to) and '贬值' (devaluation).

虽然有贸易逆差，但该国的经济依然在增长。

Although there is a trade deficit, the country's economy is still growing.

Concession with '虽然...但...'.

我们需要分析造成贸易逆差的具体原因。

We need to analyze the specific reasons for the trade deficit.

Attributes before the noun.

贸易逆差的金额比去年高出了百分之十。

The amount of the trade deficit is 10% higher than last year.

Comparison with '比'.

减少贸易逆差是当前政府的首要任务。

Reducing the trade deficit is the current government's top priority.

Nominalized phrase as subject.

该国正面临严重的结构性贸易逆差问题。

The country is facing a serious structural trade deficit problem.

Use of '结构性' (structural).

能源价格的波动是导致贸易逆差扩大的主因。

Fluctuations in energy prices are the main reason for the expansion of the trade deficit.

Noun phrase as the subject.

持续的贸易逆差引发了人们对国家债务的担忧。

The continuous trade deficit has sparked concerns about national debt.

Verb '引发' (trigger/spark).

在服务贸易领域，中国近年来一直处于贸易逆差状态。

In the field of service trade, China has been in a state of trade deficit in recent years.

Phrase '处于...状态' (to be in a state of...).

仅仅关注贸易逆差可能会忽略全球分工的复杂性。

Focusing solely on the trade deficit might overlook the complexity of global division of labor.

Use of '仅仅' (merely) and '忽略' (ignore).

通过调整汇率，政府希望能够扭转贸易逆差的局面。

By adjusting the exchange rate, the government hopes to reverse the trade deficit situation.

Verb '扭转' (reverse).

该国的贸易逆差在很大程度上是由消费品进口驱动的。

The country's trade deficit is largely driven by consumer goods imports.

Passive-like structure with '由...驱动'.

贸易逆差的缩小有助于稳定国内的金融市场。

The narrowing of the trade deficit helps stabilize the domestic financial market.

Subject '贸易逆差的缩小'.

长期的高额贸易逆差往往伴随着经常账户的赤字。

A long-term high trade deficit is often accompanied by a current account deficit.

Use of '伴随着' (accompanied by).

贸易逆差的规模反映了该国储蓄与投资之间的缺口。

The scale of the trade deficit reflects the gap between the country's savings and investment.

Abstract economic concept link.

在全球价值链背景下，传统的贸易逆差统计方法受到了质疑。

In the context of global value chains, traditional trade deficit statistical methods have been questioned.

Contextual phrase '在...背景下'.

该国试图通过产业升级来从根本上解决贸易逆差问题。

The country is trying to fundamentally solve the trade deficit problem through industrial upgrading.

Adverb '从根本上' (fundamentally).

贸易逆差的持续存在可能会削弱投资者对该国货币的信心。

The persistence of a trade deficit may weaken investor confidence in the country's currency.

Verb '削弱' (weaken).

我们需要警惕贸易逆差过快增长带来的系统性风险。

We need to be wary of the systemic risks brought by the rapid growth of the trade deficit.

Noun phrase '系统性风险' (systemic risk).

尽管面临贸易逆差，该国依然保持了较高的外汇储备水平。

Despite facing a trade deficit, the country still maintained a high level of foreign exchange reserves.

Concession with '尽管...依然...'.

贸易逆差的变动与国际大宗商品价格的走势密切相关。

Changes in the trade deficit are closely related to the trend of international commodity prices.

Phrase '与...密切相关' (closely related to).

深层次的贸易逆差往往揭示了该国制造业竞争力的下滑。

A deep-seated trade deficit often reveals a decline in the country's manufacturing competitiveness.

Sophisticated verb '揭示' (reveal).

在全球宏观经济失衡的讨论中，贸易逆差是一个无法绕开的核心议题。

In discussions of global macroeconomic imbalances, the trade deficit is an unavoidable core issue.

Idiomatic phrase '无法绕开' (cannot be bypassed).

贸易逆差的本质是国内总需求超过了国内总供给。

The essence of a trade deficit is that domestic aggregate demand exceeds domestic aggregate supply.

Defining the 'essence' (本质).

该国通过量化宽松政策试图缓解贸易逆差带来的通缩压力。

The country attempted to alleviate the deflationary pressure brought by the trade deficit through quantitative easing policies.

Complex economic terminology.

贸易逆差的规模及其融资方式对国家的金融稳定性至关重要。

The scale of the trade deficit and its financing methods are crucial to a country's financial stability.

Phrase '至关重要' (crucial).

贸易逆差的长期化可能引发保护主义抬头，从而威胁全球贸易体系。

The long-term nature of a trade deficit may trigger a rise in protectionism, thereby threatening the global trading system.

Logical progression with '从而'.

在分析贸易逆差时，必须剔除转口贸易和加工贸易的影响。

When analyzing the trade deficit, the influence of re-export trade and processing trade must be excluded.

Technical verb '剔除' (exclude/eliminate).

贸易逆差不仅是经济问题，更是牵动地缘政治神经的敏感因素。

The trade deficit is not only an economic issue but also a sensitive factor that touches upon geopolitical nerves.

Metaphorical use of '牵动...神经'.

Häufige Kollokationen

巨额贸易逆差

缩小贸易逆差

产生贸易逆差

贸易逆差扩大

结构性贸易逆差

对某国贸易逆差

扭转贸易逆差

服务贸易逆差

贸易逆差额

持续贸易逆差

Häufige Phrasen

贸易逆差扩大

— The trade deficit is growing. This is a common headline in financial news.

受能源价格影响，本月贸易逆差扩大。

缩小贸易逆差

— To reduce the trade deficit. Often used when discussing government goals.

两国领导人讨论了如何缩小贸易逆差。

解决贸易逆差

— To solve the trade deficit problem. Implies finding a permanent fix.

仅仅依靠关税无法解决贸易逆差。

长期贸易逆差

— A deficit that lasts for a long time. Indicates a deep economic issue.

长期贸易逆差可能导致外债增加。

贸易逆差收窄

— The trade deficit is narrowing. A more formal way to say it is getting smaller.

最新数据显示，贸易逆差有所收窄。

巨额贸易逆差

— A massive trade deficit. Used to emphasize the scale of the problem.

面对巨额贸易逆差，政府压力很大。

商品贸易逆差

— Trade deficit in physical goods. Distinguished from services.

该国在商品贸易逆差方面非常严重。

对华贸易逆差

— Trade deficit with China. A very frequent phrase in global politics.

对华贸易逆差是美中贸易谈判的重点。

贸易逆差带来的风险

— Risks brought by the trade deficit. Used in risk analysis.

我们必须评估贸易逆差带来的风险。

扭转贸易逆差局面

— To reverse the trade deficit situation. Very formal and professional.

企业必须提高竞争力以扭转贸易逆差局面。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

贸易逆差 vs 贸易顺差

The opposite (Surplus). Remember '顺' is smooth/good, '逆' is reverse/adverse.

贸易逆差 vs 财政赤字

Budget deficit. '财政' refers to government finance, '贸易' to international trade.

贸易逆差 vs 亏损

A business loss. '亏损' is for a company, '贸易逆差' is for a country.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"入不敷出"

— Income cannot cover expenses. While not specifically for trade, it's often used metaphorically for a deficit.

如果国家长期入不敷出，就会产生严重的贸易逆差。

General/Formal

"入大于出"

— What comes in is greater than what goes out. Literally describes a deficit in the context of money leaving.

目前的贸易状况呈现出入大于出的趋势。

Descriptive

"供不应求"

— Supply fails to meet demand. Often a cause of a trade deficit if demand is met by imports.

国内产品供不应求，导致大量进口，从而产生了贸易逆差。

General

"赤字累累"

— Piled up with deficits. Usually used for budgets but can apply to trade.

由于长年贸易逆差，该国已经赤字累累。

Formal

"捉襟见肘"

— To have too many problems to deal with; short of funds. Describes the feeling of a country with a huge deficit.

巨额贸易逆差让政府的财政状况捉襟见肘。

Literary

"坐吃山空"

— To consume one's wealth without earning more. Metaphor for a country relying on imports without exporting.

如果不发展出口，只靠进口，无异于坐吃山空，贸易逆差会越来越大。

General

"背道而驰"

— To run in opposite directions. Used when trade policies don't match economic goals.

目前的贸易政策与缩小贸易逆差的目标背道而驰。

Formal

"量入为出"

— To spend according to income. The ideal state to avoid a deficit.

国家在国际贸易中也应当量入为出，避免过度逆差。

Formal

"开源节流"

— To increase income and reduce expenditure. The solution to a deficit.

为了扭转贸易逆差，我们需要开源节流，增加出口并减少不必要的进口。

General/Formal

"杯水车薪"

— A drop in the bucket. Used when small measures don't fix a huge deficit.

这些小额关税对于解决巨额贸易逆差来说只是杯水车薪。

General

Leicht verwechselbar

贸易逆差 vs 顺差

They sound similar and both end in '差'.

顺差 is when exports > imports (surplus), while 逆差 is when imports > exports (deficit).

中国在很多领域都有贸易顺差。

贸易逆差 vs 赤字

Both translate to 'deficit' in English.

赤字 is usually for internal government budgets; 逆差 is strictly for external international trade.

政府今年的财政赤字很大。

贸易逆差 vs 逆转

Both start with '逆'.

逆转 is a verb meaning 'to reverse'; 逆差 is a noun for a trade deficit.

我们希望能逆转目前的经济形势。

贸易逆差 vs 入超

They mean the same thing.

入超 is more academic and less used in daily news than 贸易逆差.

入超是国际贸易中的一种现象。

贸易逆差 vs 差额

Both contain '差'.

差额 is the general word for 'difference' or 'balance'; 逆差 is a specific type of negative balance.

我们需要计算这两笔钱的差额。

Satzmuster

A 有贸易逆差。

这个国家有贸易逆差。

A 对 B 有贸易逆差。

美国对中国有贸易逆差。

贸易逆差在增加/减少。

贸易逆差在不断增加。

由于...，产生了贸易逆差。

由于进口过多，产生了贸易逆差。

政府努力缩小贸易逆差。

A 存在结构性贸易逆差。

该国存在严重的结构性贸易逆差。

贸易逆差的规模达到了...

贸易逆差的规模达到了历史最高点。

贸易逆差反映了...的缺口。

贸易逆差反映了储蓄与投资之间的缺口。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

贸易 (Trade)

差额 (Balance/Difference)

顺差 (Surplus)

逆差 (Deficit)

Verben

贸易 (To trade - though usually a noun)

交易 (To transact/trade)

Adjektive

贸易的 (Trade-related)

Verwandt

进出口 (Import and Export)

关税 (Tariff)

逆流 (Counter-current)

赤字 (Deficit/Red ink)

外汇 (Foreign exchange)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Very high in economic and political news.

Häufige Fehler

Using 贸易逆差 as a verb. → 这个国家存在贸易逆差。
贸易逆差 is a noun, not a verb. You must use a supporting verb like '有' or '存在'.
Confusing 逆差 with 顺差. → 进口多于出口是逆差。
Learners often swap the two. Remember '逆' means reverse/adverse, which corresponds to a deficit.
Using 贸易逆差 for budget deficits. → 政府面临财政赤字。
Budget deficits use the word '赤字', while '贸易逆差' is specifically for international trade imbalance.
Saying '贸易逆差了' to mean it happened. → 出现了贸易逆差。
Chinese economic terms don't usually take the 'le' particle directly. Use '出现' (appeared) or '产生' (produced).
Wrong preposition: '贸易逆差和美国'. → 对美国的贸易逆差。
While '和' is sometimes understood, '对' is the standard preposition to show the counterparty in trade relations.

Tipps

Use with '存在'

Always remember that 贸易逆差 is a noun. You cannot say 'the country is trade deficiting.' Use '存在贸易逆差' (exists a trade deficit).

Pair with 顺差

Learn 贸易逆差 and 贸易顺差 together. They are like 'positive' and 'negative' on a scale.

Global Value Chains

In modern times, a trade deficit might just mean a country is an assembly hub. Don't always assume it means an economy is weak.

Tone Accuracy

The 4th tone in 'màyì' and 'nì' must be sharp. If you soften them, the word loses its professional impact.

News Headlines

When you see '逆差收窄', it means the deficit is getting smaller (good news usually). When you see '逆差扩大', it's getting bigger.

Character '逆'

The character 逆 has a 辶 (walk) radical. Think of it as walking the 'wrong' way against the flow of money.

Service Trade

Don't forget that tourism and education are trade too. China often has a 贸易逆差 in these areas.

History Matters

Remember that trade imbalances are a sensitive part of Chinese history (Opium Wars). Use the term with respect for its weight.

Vs 赤字

Use 贸易逆差 for countries trading. Use 赤字 for government budgets. Don't mix them up in a formal test!

The 'N' Rule

Nì (逆) = Negative. Shùn (顺) = Smooth. This is the easiest way to keep them straight.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'NI' (逆) as 'Negative Income' and 'CHA' (差) as 'Change/Difference'. So 贸易逆差 is the Negative Income Change in trade.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a giant boat coming INTO your country full of expensive stuff, and a tiny boat leaving your country with cheap stuff. The water level (money) is sinking in your country.

Word Web

贸易 (Trade) 进口 (Import) 出口 (Export) 顺差 (Surplus) 逆差 (Deficit) 经济 (Economy) 赤字 (Budget Deficit) 汇率 (Exchange Rate)

Herausforderung

Try to use '贸易逆差' in a sentence explaining why your favorite country might be struggling with its currency value.

Wortherkunft

The term is a compound of '贸易' (trade) and '逆差' (inverse difference). '贸易' dates back to ancient texts like the 'Book of Changes' (I Ching), where '贸' means to barter and '易' means to change. '逆差' is a modern economic term developed to translate the Western concept of a 'trade deficit.'

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The exchange of goods where the balance is contrary to one's favor.

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese)

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when discussing trade deficits in a political context, as it can be a sensitive topic regarding national pride or economic policy.

In English-speaking countries, a trade deficit is often a political talking point regarding job losses in manufacturing.

US-China Trade War (2018-present) The Opium War history G20 economic summits

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

News Broadcasts

据报道
贸易逆差扩大
最新数据显示
创历史新高

Economic Textbooks

定义为
计算方法
影响因素
理论分析

Business Negotiations

平衡贸易
减少壁垒
扩大出口
互利共赢

Political Speeches

保护本国产业
不公平贸易
减少逆差
就业压力

Academic Papers

实证研究
相关性分析
结构性因素
政策建议

Gesprächseinstiege

"你觉得为什么美国对中国有这么大的贸易逆差？"

"贸易逆差对一个普通人的生活有什么影响吗？"

"如果你是政府官员，你会怎么缩小贸易逆差？"

"你认为贸易逆差一定是坏事吗？为什么？"

"你们国家的贸易状况是顺差还是逆差？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

写一段话，描述贸易逆差是如何产生的，并举一个例子。

分析一下长期贸易逆差对一个国家货币价值的潜在影响。

讨论一下在全球化时代，贸易逆差数据是否还能准确反映经济实力。

如果你能改变一个国家的贸易政策，你会怎么做来平衡贸易逆差？

描述一下你在新闻中听到的关于贸易逆差的一次报道。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Not necessarily. A trade deficit can mean a country is growing fast and its citizens have a lot of money to buy foreign goods. It can also reflect high levels of investment. However, if it lasts too long and is funded by debt, it can cause problems.

No. A budget deficit (财政赤字) is when a government spends more than it takes in through taxes. A trade deficit (贸易逆差) is when a country's residents buy more from foreigners than they sell to them.

You usually say '存在贸易逆差' (cúnzài màyì nìchā) or '有贸易逆差' (yǒu màyì nìchā).

The character '逆' (nì) means 'reverse' or 'against.' In trade, a surplus (顺差) was historically seen as the 'natural' or 'favorable' direction, so a deficit is the 'reverse' or 'adverse' direction.

Yes. This is called '服务贸易逆差.' For example, if many people from Country A go to Country B for vacation, Country A has a service trade deficit with Country B.

Yes, it is a very formal economic term. You won't hear it much in casual daily life unless people are discussing the news or politics.

The opposite is 贸易顺差 (màyì shùnchā), which means a trade surplus.

Generally, a large trade deficit can lead to the depreciation of a country's currency because there is more selling of the local currency to buy foreign goods.

It is technically incorrect. For personal finances, use '入不敷出' (spending more than earning).

Countries can reduce a trade deficit by increasing exports, discouraging imports (through tariffs or quotas), or devaluing their currency to make exports cheaper.

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