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B1 noun #1,900 am häufigsten 6 Min. Lesezeit

特征

tezheng Top 1,900

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At the A1 level, you can think of '特征' (tèzhēng) as a way to talk about 'special things' you see on a person or an object. Even though this is a more advanced word, you might hear it when people talk about someone's face or a simple animal. For example, 'The elephant has a long nose'—that long nose is a '特征'. It is like a name tag that helps you know who someone is. You don't need to use it often yet, but remember it means 'a special part that helps us recognize something.'

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At the A2 level, you start to group things. '特征' helps you describe these groups. You might use it to talk about your hometown's weather or a friend's appearance. It is a noun. You can say '他的特征' (his features). It is more formal than just saying '样子' (appearance). When you describe a cat, you might say its '特征' are its whiskers and tail. It is a step up from basic adjectives because it focuses on the parts that make the thing what it is.

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At the B1 level, '特征' becomes very useful for descriptions in essays or presentations. You should use it to identify distinguishing qualities. It is common in topics like 'My Favorite City' or 'Environmental Problems.' You will see it in the structure '具有...的特征' (to have the characteristics of...). For example, 'This city has the features of a modern metropolis.' It is more precise than '特点' (tèdiǎn) because it implies these features are what we use to identify the subject. You will also start seeing it in compound words like '性格特征' (personality traits).

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '特征' in academic and professional contexts. You should distinguish it from '特色' (style/specialty) and '特点' (general trait). In B2 reading materials, '特征' often appears in scientific descriptions, sociological analyses, and news reports. You should be able to discuss '显著特征' (prominent features) or '本质特征' (essential characteristics). It is no longer just about physical looks; it's about identifying the core elements of abstract systems, like 'the features of the digital economy.'

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At the C1 level, '特征' is a key tool for nuanced analysis. You will use it to define categories and argue for specific classifications. In literature, you might analyze the '特征' of a specific genre. In business, you might evaluate '市场特征' (market characteristics) to form a strategy. You should be comfortable with technical terms like '特征向量' (eigenvector) in math or '特征提取' (feature extraction) in computer science. Your usage should reflect an understanding that '特征' provides the objective criteria for identification and differentiation.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '特征' involves using it with absolute precision in high-level discourse. You understand its philosophical implications—how '特征' constitutes the identity of an object. You can use it in complex structures like '以...为显著特征' (characterized prominently by...). You can discuss the 'deconstruction of features' or 'atypical characteristics' in complex academic debates. At this level, the word is a surgical tool used to dissect and define the most subtle aspects of reality, from linguistic patterns to quantum states.

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特征 in 30 Sekunden

特征 (tèzhēng) is a formal noun meaning 'distinguishing feature' or 'characteristic' used for identification and categorization across various fields.
It differs from '特点' (general trait) and '特色' (style/specialty) by being more objective, diagnostic, and often used in academic or technical contexts.
Commonly paired with verbs like '具有' (possess) and adjectives like '显著' (prominent) or '本质' (essential) to describe physical or abstract traits.
Essential for B1+ learners to elevate their descriptive language in writing and formal speech, particularly in science, law, and social analysis.

The term 特征 (tèzhēng) is a fundamental noun in the Chinese language, primarily used to denote a distinguishing feature, characteristic, or trait that serves to identify or categorize a person, object, or abstract concept. In academic and formal contexts, it refers to the inherent qualities that make something unique or recognizable within a specific set. Unlike more casual words for 'quality,' 特征 carries a sense of diagnostic precision—it is the 'mark' by which something is known.

Etymological Breakdown: The first character, 特 (tè), means 'special' or 'unique.' The second character, 征 (zhēng), refers to a sign, evidence, or proof. Combined, they literally mean 'a special sign' or 'unique evidence' that identifies an entity.
Semantic Range: It spans from physical attributes (facial features) to abstract properties (economic characteristics) and biological markers (genetic traits).

这种植物最显著的特征是它的叶子呈心形。
(The most prominent feature of this plant is its heart-shaped leaves.)

In the realm of logic and science, 特征 is used to define the necessary and sufficient conditions that classify an object. For instance, in mathematics, one might discuss the 'characteristics' of a function. In sociology, one might analyze the 'features' of a specific generation. It is a word that demands observation and analysis.

警察正在根据目击者提供的面部特征寻找嫌疑人。
(The police are looking for the suspect based on the facial features provided by witnesses.)

Usage in Modern Tech: In machine learning, 'feature extraction' is translated as 特征提取 (tèzhēng tíqǔ), highlighting its role as a data-driven identifier.

Furthermore, 特征 is often paired with adjectives like 显著 (xiǎnzhù - prominent), 明显 (míngxiǎn - obvious), or 本质 (běnzhì - essential). This allows speakers to categorize the importance of the trait being discussed. Whether you are describing the architectural style of a city or the behavioral patterns of an animal, this word provides the necessary academic weight to your description.

Using 特征 correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its collocation patterns. It typically functions as the object of a verb or the head of a noun phrase. It is rarely used as a verb itself, unlike some other Chinese terms.

Common Verb Pairings

具有 (jùyǒu): To possess/have features. (e.g., 具有明显的时代特征)
表现出 (biǎoxiàn chū): To manifest/show features.
概括 (gàikuò): To summarize features.
识别 (shíbié): To identify features.

这种艺术风格具有鲜明的民族特征。
(This artistic style possesses distinct national characteristics.)

When modifying 特征, we often use the particle 的 (de) to attach descriptive adjectives or noun modifiers. For example, 地理特征 (geographical features) or 性格特征 (personality traits). Note that when the modifier is a single syllable or a well-established compound, 的 is sometimes omitted for brevity in formal writing.

我们必须抓住事物的本质特征。
(We must grasp the essential characteristics of things.)

In sentence construction, 特征 often appears in the structure: [Subject] + [Verb: 具有/是] + [Modifier] + 特征. It can also act as the subject: [Modifier] + 特征 + [Verb: 是/表现为] + [Description]. For example: 'His most obvious feature is his height' (他最明显的特征是身高).

Formal Contexts: In research papers, use 特征 to describe variables. In legal documents, use it to describe identifying marks of evidence. It elevates the register of your speech from 'how it looks' to 'its defining attributes.'

You will encounter 特征 in a variety of professional and intellectual settings. It is a staple of news reporting, scientific discourse, and educational materials. Understanding where it appears helps in grasping its 'flavor'—which is analytical and objective.

1. Scientific & Academic Lectures: Biology professors use it to describe species (e.g., 哺乳动物的特征 - characteristics of mammals). Physicists use it for particles. If you are watching a documentary on CCTV-10 (Science and Education), you will hear this word every few minutes.

气候变化的全球性特征已经非常明显。
(The global characteristics of climate change have become very obvious.)

2. Criminal Investigations & News: News reports about missing persons or suspects frequently use 体貌特征 (tǐmào tèzhēng), which refers to physical appearance features like height, weight, and scars.

3. Technology & AI: In the age of smartphones, 人脸特征识别 (rénliǎn tèzhēng shíbié)—facial feature recognition—is a common phrase found in settings menus and tech reviews.

这台电脑可以自动识别图像中的主要特征。
(This computer can automatically identify the main features in an image.)

Finally, in literature and character analysis, authors might discuss a protagonist's 性格特征 (personality traits) to explain their motivations. While '特点' is more common in daily conversation, '特征' appears as soon as the discussion becomes slightly more serious or systematic.

The most frequent errors involving 特征 stem from confusing it with its close synonyms: 特点 (tèdiǎn) and 特色 (tèsè). While they all relate to 'features,' their nuances are distinct.

1. 特征 vs. 特点 (tèdiǎn): 特点 is the most general term. It refers to any point of difference or characteristic. 特征 is more specific; it is a distinguishing mark used for identification.
Example: You can say a person has the '特点' of being kind, but you would use '特征' to describe their DNA or fingerprints.

❌ 他的主要特征是爱说话。
✅ 他的主要特点是爱说话。
(Being talkative is a 'trait/point', not a 'diagnostic feature'.)

2. 特征 vs. 特色 (tèsè): 特色 implies a 'special color' or 'style,' often with a positive or aesthetic connotation. It is used for food, culture, or art. 特征 is neutral and scientific.
Example: A restaurant has '特色' (specialty dishes), but a species of bird has '特征' (beak shape).

3. Misusing as a Verb: Students sometimes try to say 'This features...' using 特征 as a verb. In Chinese, 特征 is strictly a noun. You must use a verb like 具有 (possess) or 以...为特征 (be characterized by).

❌ 这部电影特征了很多特效。
✅ 这部电影的特征是使用了大量特效。
(The feature of this movie is the use of many special effects.)

To master 特征, you must see how it fits into the ecosystem of Chinese words for 'qualities.' Here is a detailed comparison with its closest relatives.

1. 特点 (tèdiǎn) - Characteristic / Point: Usage: The most common, everyday word.
Nuance: Refers to any notable aspect.
Example: 这本书的特点是通俗易懂 (The characteristic of this book is that it's easy to understand).
2. 特色 (tèsè) - Specialty / Distinguishing Style: Usage: Cultural, artistic, or culinary contexts.
Nuance: Focuses on what makes something attractive or unique in a 'flavorful' way.
Example: 地方特色 (local specialty).
3. 属性 (shǔxìng) - Attribute / Property: Usage: Highly technical, mathematical, or philosophical.
Nuance: Inherent properties that define what a thing is at its core.
Example: 物理属性 (physical properties).

比较：
1. 他的面部特征 (His facial features - for ID).
2. 他的性格特点 (His personality traits - general).
3. 他的演讲特色 (His speaking style - unique/attractive).

Other related words include 品质 (pǐnzhì), which refers to 'quality' in terms of character or grade, and 标志 (biāozhì), which means 'sign' or 'symbol.' While a 特征 is a trait, a 标志 is an external mark that represents something else.

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Noun modifiers with '的'

The use of '具有' vs '有'

Superlative '最' with nouns

Abstract noun structures

Passive structures with '被...所决定'

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Beispiele nach Niveau

他脸上的特征很明显。

The features on his face are very obvious.

特征 is the subject.

大象的长鼻子是它的特征。

The elephant's long trunk is its feature.

Noun + 是 + Noun structure.

这个小猫有什么特征？

What features does this kitten have?

Asking a question with 'what'.

红色的头发是她的特征。

Red hair is her feature.

Simple identification.

每个动物都有自己的特征。

Every animal has its own features.

Using 'every' (每个).

这个书包的特征是很大。

The feature of this backpack is that it's very big.

Describing a property.

看，那是他的特征。

Look, that is his feature.

Demonstrative pronoun.

我记住了他的面部特征。

I remembered his facial features.

Verb + Object.

这只鸟的特征是羽毛很漂亮。

The feature of this bird is its beautiful feathers.

Possessive '的'.

这种苹果的特征是又红又甜。

The feature of this kind of apple is being both red and sweet.

Using '又...又...'.

他的性格特征是很安静。

His personality trait is being very quiet.

Abstract feature.

北京的建筑有很多特征。

Beijing's buildings have many features.

Plurality with '很多'.

请描述一下那个人的特征。

Please describe that person's features.

Imperative sentence.

这种衣服的特征是颜色亮。

The feature of these clothes is the bright color.

Focusing on color.

春天最明显的特征是花开了。

The most obvious feature of spring is the blooming flowers.

Superlative '最'.

每个民族都有不同的文化特征。

Every ethnic group has different cultural features.

Cultural context.

这种新产品的特征是省电。

The feature of this new product is energy saving.

Product description.

他具有典型的南方人特征。

He has typical characteristics of a Southerner.

Using the verb '具有'.

我们需要分析这些数据的特征。

We need to analyze the features of this data.

Analytical context.

这篇作文表现出了作者的语言特征。

This essay shows the author's linguistic features.

Literary analysis.

地理特征影响了一个地区的发展。

Geographical features affect a region's development.

Cause and effect.

现代城市的特征之一是交通繁忙。

One of the features of modern cities is heavy traffic.

Using '...之一' (one of...).

你可以通过声音特征识别他。

You can identify him through his voice features.

Method/Means with '通过'.

这种疾病的初期特征并不明显。

The early features of this disease are not obvious.

Medical context.

这部电影具有鲜明的时代特征。

This movie possesses distinct characteristics of the era.

Formal adjective '鲜明'.

研究者总结了该病毒的遗传特征。

Researchers summarized the genetic characteristics of the virus.

Scientific reporting.

互联网时代的特征是信息爆炸。

The feature of the internet era is information explosion.

Sociological observation.

我们需要抓住问题的本质特征。

We need to grasp the essential characteristics of the problem.

Abstract problem solving.

不同阶段的经济发展有不同的特征。

Economic development at different stages has different features.

Economic context.

他的画作具有浪漫主义的特征。

His paintings have the characteristics of Romanticism.

Art history context.

该地区的建筑风格具有独特的地域特征。

The architectural style of this area has unique regional features.

Regional analysis.

这些特征使他从人群中脱颖而出。

These features make him stand out from the crowd.

Resultative structure.

法律制度的特征决定了其适用范围。

The characteristics of a legal system determine its scope of application.

Legal philosophy.

这种文学流派的特征在于其叙事方式。

The feature of this literary genre lies in its narrative method.

Using '在于' (lies in).

人工智能的特征之一是自我学习能力。

One of the features of AI is the ability to self-learn.

Technological definition.

社会结构的特征反映了权力分配。

The features of social structure reflect the distribution of power.

Sociological theory.

我们需要提取图像的关键特征进行识别。

We need to extract the key features of the image for recognition.

Technical terminology '提取'.

这种心理状态的特征是极度的焦虑。

The characteristic of this psychological state is extreme anxiety.

Psychological description.

全球化进程中，文化特征的保护至关重要。

In the process of globalization, the protection of cultural features is vital.

Formal policy discussion.

该学说的核心特征是强调个人自由。

The core feature of this doctrine is the emphasis on individual freedom.

Ideological analysis.

后现代主义建筑的特征是解构与重组。

The feature of postmodern architecture is deconstruction and reorganization.

High-level art theory.

语言的任意性是其最根本的特征之一。

The arbitrariness of language is one of its most fundamental characteristics.

Linguistic philosophy.

这种政治体制的特征表现为高度的集权。

The characteristics of this political system manifest as a high degree of centralization.

Political science.

量子力学的特征挑战了我们的直觉。

The features of quantum mechanics challenge our intuition.

Scientific complexity.

这种艺术形式的特征在于其对时空的超越。

The feature of this art form lies in its transcendence of time and space.

Metaphysical discussion.

社会变迁的特征往往具有滞后性。

The characteristics of social change often have a time lag.

Sociological nuance.

该研究揭示了人类认知的深层特征。

The study revealed the deep-seated features of human cognition.

Research discovery.

这些特征构成了他独特的审美体系。

These features constitute his unique aesthetic system.

Aesthetic theory.

Synonyme

特点特色属性品质标识

Gegenteile

共性普遍性

Häufige Kollokationen

显著特征 (xiǎnzhù tèzhēng) - Prominent feature

本质特征 (běnzhì tèzhēng) - Essential characteristic

时代特征 (shídài tèzhēng) - Features of the era

面部特征 (miànbù tèzhēng) - Facial features

地理特征 (dìlǐ tèzhēng) - Geographical features

性格特征 (xìnggé tèzhēng) - Personality traits

具有特征 (jùyǒu tèzhēng) - To possess features

表现特征 (biǎoxiàn tèzhēng) - To manifest features

主要特征 (zhǔyào tèzhēng) - Main feature

共同特征 (gòngtóng tèzhēng) - Common features

Häufige Phrasen

体貌特征 (tǐmào tèzhēng) - Physical appearance features

特征向量 (tèzhēng xiàngliàng) - Eigenvector (Math)

特征提取 (tèzhēng tíqǔ) - Feature extraction (Tech)

艺术特征 (yìshù tèzhēng) - Artistic features

文化特征 (wénhuà tèzhēng) - Cultural characteristics

语言特征 (yǔyán tèzhēng) - Linguistic features

生理特征 (shēnglǐ tèzhēng) - Physiological features

典型特征 (diǎnxíng tèzhēng) - Typical features

关键特征 (guānjiàn tèzhēng) - Key features

遗传特征 (yíchuán tèzhēng) - Genetic traits

Wird oft verwechselt mit

特征 vs 特点 (tèdiǎn) - General trait

特征 vs 特色 (tèsè) - Style/Flavor

特征 vs 标志 (biāozhì) - Sign/Symbol

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"独具特色 (dújù tèsè) - To have a unique style (Related)"

"各具特色 (gè jù tèsè) - Each has its own specialty (Related)"

"与众不同 (yǔ zhòng bù tóng) - Different from the crowd"

"别具一格 (bié jù yī gé) - Have a unique style"

"显而易见 (xiǎn ér yì jiàn) - Obvious to see"

"一目了然 (yī mù liǎo rán) - Clear at a glance"

"大同小异 (dà tóng xiǎo yì) - Largely identical but with minor differences"

"千篇一律 (qiān piān yī lǜ) - All the same/monotonous"

"面目一新 (miàn mù yī xīn) - To take on a completely new look"

"名副其实 (míng fù qí shí) - To be worthy of the name"

Leicht verwechselbar

特征 vs 特点

特点 is any notable point; 特征 is a diagnostic, identifying mark.

特征 vs 特色

特色 is usually positive and refers to style; 特征 is neutral and refers to identity.

特征 vs 属性

属性 is more technical/scientific, referring to inherent properties.

特征 vs 性质

性质 refers to the fundamental nature or quality of a substance.

特征 vs 表现

表现 is a verb (to manifest) or a noun (performance), while 特征 is a static trait.

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

nuance

特征 is objective and analytical. If you want to praise something, use '特色'.

formality

High. Frequently found in textbooks and formal documents.

Häufige Fehler

Tipps

Upgrade your '特点'

When writing formal reports, try replacing '特点' with '特征' to sound more analytical and objective.

Verb Pairing

Always remember that '具有' (possess) is the most common verb to use with '特征'.

Avoid '特色' for Science

In scientific or technical writing, never use '特色.' Use '特征' or '属性' to maintain a professional tone.

Character Breakdown

Focus on '征' (sign). If you see a 'sign' that is 'special' (特), it's a 'feature' (特征).

Describing People

Use '体貌特征' when you need to be very specific about how someone looks, like in a description for a friend.

Defining Terms

Use the pattern '...的本质特征是...' to provide a strong definition in your introductory paragraphs.

Contextual Clues

If you hear '特征' in a news report, get ready for a detailed description of a person, place, or event.

National Identity

The phrase '中国特征' (Chinese characteristics) is very common in political and social discourse.

HSK Prep

特征 is a common word in HSK 5 and above reading sections. Practice identifying its synonyms.

Identification

Ask yourself: 'Is this quality used to identify the object?' If yes, '特征' is the right word.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Classical Chinese roots. '特' originally referred to a prime bull, later meaning 'unique' or 'special.' '征' referred to a journey or proof/evidence. Together, they describe the unique evidence or signs that define an object.

Kultureller Kontext

Highly valued in Gaokao (college entrance exam) essays to show sophisticated vocabulary.

Avoid using '特征' to describe someone's flaws in a casual setting; it can sound too clinical or cold.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"你认为一个好朋友应该具备哪些性格特征？"

"你家乡最显著的地理特征是什么？"

"现代艺术和传统艺术的主要特征有什么不同？"

"你觉得这种新手机最吸引人的特征是什么？"

"人工智能最核心的特征是什么？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

描述你最亲近的人的一个外貌特征和一个性格特征。

分析你目前学习或工作环境的主要特征。

如果你要发明一种新产品，它会具有哪些独特的特征？

讨论互联网时代给人们生活带来的特征变化。

反思你自己的本质特征是什么。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, absolutely. It is used for physical features (面部特征) and personality traits (性格特征). However, it sounds more formal than just describing someone's appearance.

It is neutral. A feature can be a '显著特征' (prominent feature) regardless of whether it is good or bad. It is an objective observation.

特点 is a general 'characteristic' or 'point.' 特征 is a 'distinguishing feature' used for identification. For example, a bird's '特点' might be that it sings beautifully, but its '特征' is the specific shape of its beak that identifies its species.

It is '特征提取' (tèzhēng tíqǔ), commonly used in computer science and data analysis.

No, it is only a noun. You cannot say 'This book features...' using only 特征. You must say '这本书的特征是...' (The feature of this book is...).

Yes, it is the standard way to say 'facial features' in formal or descriptive Chinese.

Yes, you can talk about '时代特征' (features of the era) or '经济特征' (economic characteristics).

Common ones include 显著 (prominent), 明显 (obvious), 独特 (unique), 本质 (essential), and 典型 (typical).

Not exactly. 'Symptom' is '症状' (zhèngzhuàng). However, a symptom can be a '特征' of a disease.

It means 'characterized by.' For example, '这场革命以和平为特征' (This revolution was characterized by peace).

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