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A2 noun Neutral #1,500 am häufigsten 3 Min. Lesezeit

空闲的

kong xian de /kʊŋ˥ɕi̯ɛn˧˥ tɤ/
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Overview

The Chinese word '空闲的' (kōngxiánde) is an adjective that describes something or someone as being 'free' or 'at leisure.' It signifies a state of not being busy, occupied, or having nothing particular to do. This term is widely used in various contexts to convey availability, idleness, or simply having spare time.

Usage and Contexts:

  1. 1Describing Time: One of the most common applications of '空闲的' is in relation to time. For example, you might say '我有一些空闲的时间' (wǒ yǒu yīxiē kōngxián de shíjiān), which means 'I have some free time.' This indicates a period when one is not committed to any tasks or appointments and can use that time for relaxation, hobbies, or other personal activities.
  1. 1Describing People: When referring to individuals, '空闲的' can describe someone who is currently not working, studying, or engaged in any pressing activity. For instance, '他今天很空闲' (tā jīntiān hěn kōngxián) means 'He is very free today,' suggesting that he has no obligations and is available. It can also imply a state of unemployment or temporary idleness, though usually in a neutral or descriptive sense rather than a negative one.
  1. 1Describing Objects or Resources: Less commonly, but still valid, '空闲的' can describe objects or resources that are not currently in use or are available for use. For example, '这台机器现在是空闲的' (zhè tái jīqì xiànzài shì kōngxián de) means 'This machine is currently free/idle,' indicating it's not being operated. Similarly, '空闲的座位' (kōngxián de zuòwèi) would refer to 'empty seats.'
  1. 1Implying Availability: The term often implies availability. If someone asks if you are '空闲的,' they are inquiring about your availability to do something, such as '你明天空闲吗?' (nǐ míngtiān kōngxián ma?), meaning 'Are you free tomorrow?'

Nuances and Related Terms:

  • 闲 (xián): This character is the root of '空闲' and often functions similarly as an adjective meaning 'idle' or 'leisurely.' For example, '闲暇' (xiánxiá) is a noun meaning 'leisure time.'
  • 有空 (yǒu kòng): This is a very common phrase that also means 'to have free time' or 'to be available.' It's often used interchangeably with '空闲的' when talking about personal availability. For example, '你有空吗?' (nǐ yǒu kòng ma?) is a direct way to ask 'Are you free?'
  • 没事 (méishì): While '没事' literally means 'nothing to do' or 'it's fine,' it can also convey a sense of being free or not busy, especially in informal contexts. However, '空闲的' specifically emphasizes the state of having leisure.

In summary, '空闲的' is a versatile adjective that precisely conveys the idea of being free, available, or at leisure, whether referring to time, people, or resources. Its understanding is crucial for grasping various everyday conversations and expressions in Chinese.

Beispiele

1

你什么时侯有空？

Greeting

When are you free?

2

我今天有空。

Availability

I'm free today.

3

他有很多空闲时间。

Time management

He has a lot of free time.

4

这个周末你有空闲的计划吗？

Socializing

Do you have any free plans this weekend?

5

我喜欢在空闲的时候看书。

Hobbies

I like to read in my free time.

Häufige Kollokationen

空闲时间
空闲下来
空闲职位
空闲资金

Wird oft verwechselt mit

空闲的 vs. 免费的
空闲的 refers to being free in terms of time or availability, meaning not busy or occupied. 免费的 refers to being free in terms of cost, meaning without charge.
空闲的 vs. 有空的
Both 空闲的 and 有空的 can mean 'free' or 'available' in terms of time. However, 空闲的 often implies a more sustained state of being at leisure or having unoccupied time, while 有空的 can refer to a temporary availability or a brief moment of being free.

Grammatikmuster

Subj + 是 + 空闲的 (e.g., 他是空闲的 - He is free/at leisure.) 空闲的 + Noun (e.g., 空闲的时间 - free time; 空闲的房间 - vacant room) Subj + 觉得/感到 + 空闲 (e.g., 我觉得很空闲 - I feel very leisurely.)

So verwendest du es

Nutzungshinweise

The term '空闲的' (kòngxián de) is an adjective used to describe something or someone as being 'free,' 'at leisure,' or 'idle.' It can be applied to both time and people. For example, you might say '我周末有空闲的时间' (Wǒ zhōumò yǒu kòngxián de shíjiān) meaning 'I have free time on the weekend.' When describing a person, '他现在很空闲' (Tā xiànzài hěn kòngxián) means 'He is very free/idle right now.' It can also be used to refer to unused or available resources, such as '空闲的房间' (kòngxián de fángjiān) for 'a free/empty room.' It's important to note the nuance; while it means 'free' in the sense of 'available,' it doesn't typically mean 'free of charge,' for which you would use '免费的' (miǎnfèi de). In casual conversation, people often use '有空' (yǒu kòng) as a verb phrase meaning 'to have free time' or 'to be available,' which is a more common and idiomatic way to express the concept of having leisure.

Häufige Fehler

A common mistake might be confusing it with words related to 'free of charge' (免费 - miǎnfèi) or 'freedom' (自由 - zìyóu). '空闲的' specifically refers to being free in terms of time or availability, not cost or general liberty.

Tipps

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Usage Contexts of '空闲的' (kòngxián de)

'空闲的' is an adjective used to describe something or someone being free, at leisure, or available. It's often used when talking about time, resources, or a person's state of being unoccupied. For example, you might say '空闲的时间' (kòngxián de shíjiān) for 'free time' or '空闲的房间' (kòngxián de fángjiān) for 'an available room.' It carries a nuance of not being busy or having nothing to do at the moment, which can be positive (e.g., free to relax) or neutral (e.g., a resource is not currently in use).
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Common Pitfalls and Nuances

While '空闲的' generally means 'free' or 'at leisure,' it's important to consider context. It primarily refers to a state of being unoccupied rather than being 'free of charge.' For 'free of charge,' you would typically use '免费的' (miǎnfèi de). Another nuance is that '空闲的' can sometimes imply a lack of activity or purpose, which might not always be the intended meaning if you're trying to say 'available' in a more active sense (e.g., 'I am available to help'). In such cases, other phrases might be more appropriate. Be mindful of whether the 'free' implies relaxation or simply a lack of commitment.
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Synonyms and Antonyms for '空闲的'

Synonyms for '空闲的' include '有空的' (yǒukòng de), which is more colloquial and also means 'to have free time,' and '闲暇的' (xiánxiá de), which emphasizes leisure and is often used in more formal contexts. Another related term is '无事的' (wúshì de), meaning 'without anything to do' or 'idle.' Antonyms include '忙碌的' (mánglù de), meaning 'busy,' '占用的' (zhànyòng de), meaning 'occupied' or 'taken up,' and '有事的' (yǒushì de), meaning 'to have something to do' or 'occupied with tasks.' Understanding these related terms helps in choosing the most precise word for a given situation.

Wortherkunft

The word '空闲的' (kōng xián de) is composed of three characters: '空' (kōng), '闲' (xián), and '的' (de). '空' (kōng) originally depicted a cave or an opening, suggesting emptiness, void, or space. Over time, its meaning extended to include concepts of being empty, free, or unoccupied. In ancient texts, '空' was often used in philosophical discussions about emptiness and existence. '闲' (xián) originally referred to a fence or barrier around a house, implying a boundary or enclosure. This evolved to signify a state of being at ease, relaxed, or unoccupied, as one would be within the comfort of their own home. It often conveyed a sense of having free time or being leisurely. In earlier forms, '闲' could also refer to a quiet or peaceful state. '的' (de) is a grammatical particle in modern Chinese that serves various functions, including indicating possession, modification, or to form an adjective from a verb or noun. In '空闲的', it functions as an adjectival marker, transforming the compound '空闲' into an adjective. Combined, '空闲' (kōng xián) as a compound word emerged to specifically mean 'free time,' 'leisure,' or 'idle.' The fusion of 'empty' and 'leisure/ease' perfectly captures the essence of having time that is not filled with work or obligations. The addition of '的' makes it an adjective, '空闲的', meaning 'free' or 'at leisure,' describing a state of being available or having nothing to do. Historically, the concept of leisure has varied across different dynasties and social classes in China. In classical Chinese literature, themes of withdrawal from official life and enjoying a leisurely existence in nature were common, often associated with scholars and hermits. The term '空闲' would have resonated with such sentiments, reflecting a desire for unburdened time. Over the centuries, the usage and nuance of '空闲的' have remained relatively stable, consistently referring to the state of being free or having spare time. It is a common and fundamental term in daily Chinese conversation.

Kultureller Kontext

The concept of 'free time' or 'leisure' (空闲的 - kòngxián de) in Chinese culture is often deeply intertwined with societal expectations and personal responsibilities. Historically, and even in modern times, there's a strong emphasis on productivity, hard work, and contributing to the family or community. Therefore, 'free time' might not always be perceived as simply a period of idleness, but rather an opportunity for personal development, learning, or engaging in activities that benefit one's well-being or social connections. Traditional leisure activities often involved scholarly pursuits like calligraphy, painting, playing musical instruments like the guqin, or engaging in contemplative practices like tea ceremonies or tai chi. In contemporary China, with increasing urbanization and economic development, the understanding of 'free time' has broadened to include modern entertainment, travel, and various hobbies, though the underlying cultural value of making good use of one's time often persists.

Merkhilfe

The first character, 空 (kōng), means 'empty' or 'sky'. Imagine an empty space, free from obligations. The second character, 闲 (xián), means 'idle' or 'leisure'. So, 空闲 together paints a picture of empty, idle time, or being at leisure. Think of a 'kong' (empty) 'sian' (leisurely) person.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen
'空闲的' (kòngxián de) in Chinese generally translates to 'free' or 'at leisure.' It describes a state of having no particular obligations, tasks, or work to attend to, and therefore having time available for other activities, relaxation, or simply doing nothing. This term can refer to a person's state, such as having free time, or to an object or space that is currently unused or unoccupied, like a free room or an idle machine. It implies an absence of current demands, allowing for flexibility and choice in how one uses that time or resource.
Yes, '空闲的' can indeed be used to describe both people and objects, making it a versatile term in Chinese. When applied to people, it signifies that someone is 'free' or 'at leisure,' meaning they have no immediate commitments or tasks. For example, '我今天下午有空闲的时间' (Wǒ jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu kòngxián de shíjiān) means 'I have free time this afternoon.' When describing objects or spaces, it indicates that they are 'idle,' 'unoccupied,' or 'available.' For instance, '这间会议室现在是空闲的' (Zhè jiān huìyìshì xiànzài shì kòngxián de) means 'This meeting room is currently unoccupied.' This dual application highlights its utility in various contexts.
There are several synonyms and related phrases that convey similar meanings to '空闲的,' though they might carry slightly different nuances. Some common ones include '有空的' (yǒu kòng de), which is a very direct way to say 'have free time' or 'available.' '闲暇' (xiánxiá) is a more formal term often used to refer to leisure time or recreation. '没事儿' (méi shìr) literally means 'nothing to do' and is a more colloquial way to express being free or having no urgent matters. Another related phrase is '清闲' (qīngxián), which often implies a peaceful and relaxed state of leisure, suggesting less pressure and more tranquility. Each of these can be used depending on the specific context and the desired level of formality or emphasis.
'空闲的' is typically used as an adjective, preceding the noun it modifies, or as part of a predicative structure. When describing a person, you might say, '他现在是空闲的' (Tā xiànzài shì kòngxián de), meaning 'He is free now.' To describe a period of time, you could say, '我喜欢在空闲的时间读书' (Wǒ xǐhuān zài kòngxián de shíjiān dúshū), meaning 'I like to read in my free time.' When referring to an object or space, an example would be, '我们有一个空闲的房间' (Wǒmen yǒu yīgè kòngxián de fángjiān), which translates to 'We have an unoccupied room.' It can also be used in more complex sentences to indicate availability or idleness, such as '如果你的机器是空闲的，我们可以用它' (Rúguǒ nǐ de jīqì shì kòngxián de, wǒmen kěyǐ yòng tā), meaning 'If your machine is idle, we can use it.' Its flexibility allows it to fit into various grammatical constructions to convey the idea of being free, available, or at leisure.

Teste dich selbst

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她____时间喜欢阅读。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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周末我通常比较____，可以做自己喜欢的事情。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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你现在有____时间聊聊吗？

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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