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A2 noun #1,500 le plus courant 10 min de lecture

空闲的

kong xian de Top 1,500

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the most basic concepts of time and availability. While '空闲的' (kòngxián de) might be slightly more advanced than the absolute basics like '有空' (yǒu kòng), it is essential for describing what one does when not studying or working. At this stage, you should focus on the simple structure: '空闲的时间' (free time). You will learn to use it in very short sentences to describe your hobbies. For example, '在空闲的时间，我喜欢看书' (In my free time, I like to read). The focus is on recognizing the word in simple texts and using it to provide basic personal information. You don't need to worry about the complex nuances or formal uses yet; just think of it as the 'free' in 'free time'. You will mostly hear this in classroom settings or basic introductory dialogues where people talk about their daily routines. It helps you move beyond just saying 'I like...' to saying 'When I have time, I like...'. This adds a layer of temporal context to your speech, which is a key milestone in early language development. Remember that '空' means empty and '闲' means leisure. Even at A1, visualizing the 'empty gate' of the character '闲' can help you remember that it represents a gap in your busy day. You will also learn that it is an adjective, so it usually comes before the thing it describes. Practice saying '空闲的周末' (free weekend) or '空闲的下午' (free afternoon). These small phrases are the building blocks for more complex sentences later on. By the end of A1, you should be able to answer the question 'What do you do in your free time?' using this word correctly, even if your vocabulary for hobbies is still limited.

At the A2 level, you begin to expand your use of '空闲的' to describe not just yourself, but also the people and things around you. You will learn to use it in slightly more complex sentence structures, such as using it as a predicate with '是...的'. For example, '这个房间是空闲的' (This room is vacant). This allows you to navigate basic service situations, like asking for a table at a restaurant or a seat on a bus. You will also start to see '空闲的' in short reading passages about lifestyle and health, where it might be used to discuss the importance of having '空闲的时间' for mental well-being. At A2, you should be able to distinguish between '空闲的' and '忙' (máng - busy) and use them to contrast different days of your week. You might say, '周一我很忙，但周三我有空闲的时间' (I am busy on Monday, but I have free time on Wednesday). You are also expected to understand that '空闲的' is more formal than '有空'. While you might use '有空' with friends, you might see '空闲的' in a simple office memo or a public notice. This level also introduces the idea of 'idle' resources. You might encounter simple sentences about '空闲的电脑' (idle computers) in a school lab. Your goal at A2 is to use the word accurately in both attributive (before a noun) and predicative (after 'is') positions, and to understand its meaning in the context of daily life, travel, and basic work environments. You should also be careful not to confuse it with '免费' (free of charge), a common pitfall at this stage. By mastering '空闲的' at A2, you are building the foundation for discussing more abstract concepts like 'leisure' and 'productivity' in the future.

At the B1 level, '空闲的' becomes a tool for more detailed descriptions and comparisons. You will use it to discuss topics like work-life balance, the impact of technology on our '空闲的时间', and social trends. You are expected to use the word in longer, more cohesive paragraphs. For instance, you might write an essay about how people in your country spend their '空闲的周末'. At this stage, you should also be comfortable with the word's synonyms and antonyms, allowing you to avoid repetition. You might use '闲暇' in a more formal written piece and '空闲的' in a presentation. B1 learners should also understand the nuance of '空闲的' when applied to economic or technical contexts, such as '空闲的劳动力' (idle labor) or '空闲的资金' (idle funds). This expands your vocabulary into the realm of professional and academic Chinese. You will also encounter the word in more varied media, such as news clips or podcasts, where it might be used to describe '空闲的土地' (vacant land) in an urban planning context. Your ability to understand the word in these diverse settings shows that you are moving beyond basic survival Chinese. Furthermore, you will learn to use '空闲的' to express more subtle ideas, such as the feeling of having too much '空闲的时间' and becoming bored, or the difficulty of finding '空闲的片刻' (a free moment) in a high-pressure job. This level requires you to integrate the word into your active vocabulary for both speaking and writing, ensuring that you can use it naturally in a variety of social and semi-professional situations. You should also be able to explain the meaning of the word to others using Chinese, demonstrating a deeper metalinguistic awareness.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '空闲的' with a high degree of precision and to understand its use in abstract and metaphorical contexts. You will explore the sociological and philosophical implications of '空闲的' time. For example, you might analyze the 'leisure class' or discuss how the definition of '空闲的' has changed in the era of constant connectivity. Your writing should reflect a sophisticated grasp of the word's register, knowing exactly when to use '空闲的' versus '闲暇' or '悠闲'. You will encounter the word in complex texts, such as editorials, academic papers, or literature, where it might describe a '空闲的心境' (a vacant or peaceful state of mind). At B2, you should also be able to use the word in debates or discussions about productivity, arguing whether '空闲的' time is a waste or a necessity for creativity. You will also learn about the word's role in specific idioms or fixed expressions, although '空闲' itself is more common in these than the adjectival form. Your listening skills should allow you to catch the word even when spoken quickly in a variety of regional accents. You should also be able to identify the subtle tone of a speaker using '空闲的'—whether they are being descriptive, critical, or envious. For example, a speaker might complain about '空闲的资源' being wasted, or they might long for an '空闲的假期'. This level of nuance is what separates a B2 learner from a B1 learner. You are no longer just using the word to describe your weekend; you are using it to critique society, analyze systems, and express complex emotional states. Your mastery of '空闲的' at B2 is a sign of your ability to handle the complexities of modern Chinese life and thought.

At the C1 level, your understanding of '空闲的' reaches a near-native level of depth. You are aware of its historical etymology and how its usage has evolved over centuries of Chinese literature. You can appreciate the poetic use of '空闲的' in classical-style modern prose, where it might be used to evoke a sense of 'emptiness' (空) that is central to Buddhist or Taoist thought. In professional contexts, you use the word with absolute accuracy in technical reports, legal documents, or high-level business negotiations, particularly when discussing '空闲的资产' (idle assets) or '空闲的产能' (idle capacity). You are also capable of using the word to create specific stylistic effects in your own writing, such as using it to create a sense of irony or to emphasize a point about social inequality. C1 learners can engage in deep philosophical discussions about the nature of '空闲的' existence, drawing on both Western and Chinese intellectual traditions. You can also recognize and use the word in various dialects or specialized jargons where its meaning might be slightly shifted. Your ability to paraphrase '空闲的' using a wide array of sophisticated synonyms (like '余暇', '虚位', '待聘') shows a vast and flexible vocabulary. You are also sensitive to the rhythmic and tonal qualities of the word within a sentence, ensuring that your speech and writing flow naturally. At this level, '空闲的' is not just a vocabulary item; it is a versatile tool that you can manipulate to express the finest shades of meaning. You can read between the lines when the word is used in political or corporate communications, understanding the implications of '空闲的' resources or personnel. Your mastery is such that you can use the word as effectively as a native speaker to persuade, describe, and analyze.

At the C2 level, you have achieved complete mastery over '空闲的' and its entire semantic field. You can use the word with the same nuance, cultural resonance, and stylistic flair as a highly educated native speaker. You are comfortable using it in any context, from the most casual slang to the most formal academic or literary discourse. You can write sophisticated critiques of the 'leisure industry' or produce creative works that use '空闲的' as a central motif. Your understanding of the word is integrated with a deep knowledge of Chinese culture, history, and philosophy. You can discuss the '空闲的' aesthetic in Chinese painting or the role of '空闲的' time in the lives of historical figures. You are also able to play with the word, using it in puns, metaphors, or complex wordplay. In high-level professional settings, you can use the word to navigate the most delicate situations, such as discussing '空闲的' staff during a restructuring with perfect tact and clarity. Your listening and reading comprehension are such that you can grasp the full meaning of the word in any text, no matter how dense or obscure. You are also a master of the word's register, able to switch between different levels of formality instantaneously. At C2, '空闲的' is a part of your linguistic DNA. You don't just know what it means; you feel its weight, its history, and its potential. You can use it to articulate the most profound human experiences of boredom, peace, vacancy, and potential. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker, reflecting a total immersion in the Chinese language and its unique way of conceptualizing the world.

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

空闲的 en 30 secondes

Used to describe time or states where one is not busy with work or duties.
Commonly modifies nouns like 'time' (时间) or 'weekends' (周末) to indicate leisure.
Can also describe vacant physical spaces or idle industrial/financial resources in formal contexts.
Distinguished from 'free of charge' (免费) and more formal than the casual 'yǒu kòng'.

The term 空闲的 (kòngxián de) is a foundational adjective in the Chinese language, primarily used to describe a state of being unoccupied, free from labor, or having time that is not committed to specific duties. At its core, the word is composed of two characters: 空 (kōng), meaning empty or vacant, and 闲 (xián), which historically depicts a moon shining through a gate, symbolizing a moment of quietude and leisure. When combined with the possessive or adjectival particle 的 (de), it functions to modify nouns, most commonly 'time' (时间 - shíjiān) or 'moments' (时刻 - shíkè).

Literal Breakdown: The character '空' suggests a lack of physical or mental clutter, while '闲' emphasizes the peaceful nature of that vacancy. Together, they imply a positive or neutral state of availability.

他在空闲的下午喜欢去公园散步。(He likes to go for a walk in the park during his free afternoon.)

In a broader sociological context, '空闲的' refers to the 'leisure class' or 'leisure time' that arose as societies moved away from purely agrarian survival. It represents the space where culture, hobbies, and personal growth occur. Unlike 'lazy' (懒惰 - lǎnduò), which carries a negative connotation of avoiding work, '空闲的' is descriptive and often aspirational. It suggests a healthy balance where one has fulfilled their obligations and now possesses the agency to choose their next activity.

Synonym Contrast: While '有空的' (yǒu kòng de) is very common in spoken Chinese, '空闲的' is slightly more formal and descriptive of a sustained period of time rather than a momentary gap in a schedule.

利用空闲的资源可以提高效率。(Utilizing idle resources can improve efficiency.)

Furthermore, the term can be applied to inanimate objects or resources. An 'idle' machine or an 'unoccupied' room can be described using variations of this term, though '空闲的' specifically leans toward the 'available for use' aspect. In the digital age, it is often used to describe CPU cycles or server availability. This versatility makes it an essential word for learners to master, as it bridges the gap between daily conversation and technical or formal writing. Understanding '空闲的' requires recognizing that it isn't just about 'doing nothing'; it is about the *potential* to do something else because the primary task is finished.

Grammar Note: Always place '空闲的' before the noun it modifies. For example, '空闲的时间' (free time), not '时间空闲的'.

我们应该珍惜空闲的每一分钟。(We should cherish every free minute.)

这台机器现在是空闲的。(This machine is currently idle.)

在空闲的周末，我喜欢画画。(On free weekends, I like to paint.)

Using 空闲的 (kòngxián de) correctly involves understanding its role as a modifier and its placement within a sentence. Because it ends with the particle '的', it functions as an attributive adjective, meaning it almost always precedes a noun to describe a quality of that noun. The most common pairing is with '时间' (shíjiān - time), but it can also modify '日子' (rìzi - days), '时刻' (shíkè - moments), or even '劳动力' (láodònglì - labor force).

Sentence Structure 1: Adjective + Noun: Structure: [Subject] + [Verb] + [空闲的] + [Noun]. Example: 我利用空闲的时间学习汉语。(I use my free time to study Chinese.)

你有什么空闲的建议吗？(Do you have any suggestions for free time?)

One nuance to keep in mind is the difference between '空闲' (the state) and '空闲的' (the description). If you want to say 'I am free,' you would typically say '我很空闲' (Wǒ hěn kòngxián) or more commonly '我很有空' (Wǒ hěn yǒu kòng). The '的' is usually dropped when the word acts as a predicate after '很' (hěn - very). However, when you are identifying a specific *type* of time, '的' is mandatory.

Common Collocations: 1. 空闲的时间 (Free time)
2. 空闲的房屋 (Vacant house)
3. 空闲的资金 (Idle funds)
4. 空闲的职位 (Vacant position)

In professional settings, '空闲的' is often used to describe resources that are not currently being utilized. For instance, in a factory setting, '空闲的机器' refers to machines that are not running. In economics, '空闲的劳动力' refers to unemployed or underutilized workers. This formal application distinguishes it from the more casual '没事儿' (méi shìr), which simply means 'having nothing to do'.

公司有很多空闲的办公桌。(The company has many vacant desks.)

When asking someone if they are free, '空闲的' is rarely used directly. Instead of saying '你是空闲的吗？' (which sounds like 'Are you a vacant person?'), you should say '你现在空闲吗？' (Are you free now?) or '你现在有空吗？'. The adjective form '空闲的' is reserved for describing the *time* or the *state* of an object.

Advanced Usage: In literature, '空闲的' can describe a mood of emptiness or quiet reflection. It can modify '心情' (xīnqíng - mood) to suggest a mind that is clear of worries.

他享受着这空闲的片刻宁静。(He enjoyed this free moment of tranquility.)

寻找空闲的停车位总是很难。(Finding a vacant parking space is always hard.)

这是一种空闲的生活方式。(This is a leisurely lifestyle.)

You will encounter 空闲的 (kòngxián de) in a variety of social and professional environments. In daily life, it is the standard way to discuss hobbies and lifestyle choices. When friends catch up, they often ask about each other's '空闲的时间' to see what they have been doing for fun. It’s a polite and slightly more sophisticated way to talk about one's schedule compared to the very casual '玩儿' (wánr - play/hang out).

Scenario 1: Social Gatherings: Friends discussing weekend plans: '你在空闲的周末通常做什么？' (What do you usually do on free weekends?)

我想在空闲的时候去旅游。(I want to travel when I have free time.)

In the workplace, the term takes on a more functional meaning. Managers might look for '空闲的员工' (idle employees) to assign new tasks, or IT departments might monitor '空闲的服务器' (idle servers) to optimize performance. In these contexts, '空闲的' is a neutral, technical descriptor of availability. It is also frequently used in job advertisements, describing '空闲的职位' (vacant positions) or the requirement for '空闲的时间' (availability) for part-time roles.

Scenario 2: Service Industry: At a restaurant or hotel: '请问还有空闲的桌子吗？' (Excuse me, are there any vacant tables?)

我们需要更多的空闲的会议室。(We need more vacant meeting rooms.)

Media and literature also use '空闲的' to set a scene. A novel might describe an '空闲的午后' (a leisurely afternoon) to evoke a sense of peace or boredom. In news reports, you might hear about '空闲的土地' (idle land) in discussions about urban development or agriculture. The term is pervasive because it addresses the fundamental human need to categorize time and space as either 'occupied' or 'available'.

Scenario 3: Education: Teachers asking students: '你们在空闲的时间都读什么书？' (What books do you read in your free time?)

这片空闲的土地将被建成公园。(This idle land will be turned into a park.)

他总是在空闲的晚上看电影。(He always watches movies on free evenings.)

图书馆里有很多空闲的座位。(There are many vacant seats in the library.)

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Chinese is confusing 空闲的 (kòngxián de) with the English word 'free' in the sense of 'costing zero money'. In Chinese, 'free of charge' is 免费 (miǎnfèi). Using '空闲的' to describe a free gift or a free meal is a common mistake that can lead to significant confusion. '空闲的' only refers to time or availability, never to price.

Mistake 1: Price vs. Time: Incorrect: 这是空闲的午餐 (This is a 'leisurely' lunch - doesn't mean free cost).
Correct: 这是免费的午餐 (This is a free lunch).

注意：空闲的不等于“不要钱”。(Note: 'Free/leisurely' does not equal 'no money required'.)

Another common error is the misuse of the particle '的'. As mentioned in the usage section, while '空闲的' is an adjective, in many spoken contexts, Chinese speakers prefer the verb-phrase '有空' (yǒu kòng). Saying '我是空闲的' (Wǒ shì kòngxián de) sounds robotic and unnatural, as if you are describing yourself as a vacant object. It is much better to say '我有空' (I have time) or '我很闲' (I am free/idle).

Mistake 2: Over-formalization: Using '空闲的' in a text message to a friend can seem overly stiff. '你明天空闲吗？' is okay, but '你明天有空吗？' is much more natural.

A third mistake involves the word order. In English, we can say 'The time is free.' In Chinese, while you can say '时间很空闲', it is much more common to use '空闲' as an attributive: '空闲的时间'. Beginners often try to translate English sentence structures directly, resulting in '的时间是空闲的', which is grammatically possible but rarely used by native speakers unless they are being extremely emphatic about the vacancy of a specific slot.

Mistake 3: Confusing with '悠闲': '悠闲' (yōuxián) means 'leisurely and carefree'. '空闲' just means 'not busy'. You can be '空闲' (not busy) but not '悠闲' (if you are worried or bored).

他虽然很空闲，但并不感到悠闲。(Although he is free, he doesn't feel leisurely/carefree.)

不要把空闲的时间都浪费在手机上。(Don't waste all your free time on your phone.)

这不是空闲的问题，是效率的问题。(It's not a matter of being free; it's a matter of efficiency.)

To truly master 空闲的 (kòngxián de), one must understand its place within a cluster of related terms that all deal with time and availability. Each word has a specific nuance that makes it suitable for different situations. Choosing the right one will make your Chinese sound much more natural and precise.

1. 有空 (yǒu kòng): This is the most common spoken equivalent. It literally means 'to have a hole/gap' in your schedule. Use this when asking friends out or checking availability. '你明天有空吗？' (Are you free tomorrow?)

比起“空闲的”，口语中更常用“有空”。(Compared to 'kòngxián de', 'yǒu kòng' is more common in spoken language.)

2. 悠闲 (yōuxián): This word adds an emotional layer of relaxation and carefreeness. While '空闲' is just a factual state of not being busy, '悠闲' implies that you are enjoying that state. You might describe an old man fishing by a river as '悠闲'.

3. 闲暇 (xiánxiá): This is a more formal, literary term for 'leisure time'. You will see it in books, essays, or formal speeches. It is almost always used as a noun (e.g., '在忙碌之余的闲暇' - leisure in the midst of busyness).

“闲暇”比“空闲”更正式。( 'Xiánxiá' is more formal than 'kòngxián'.)

4. 空余 (kòngyú): This refers to 'surplus' or 'extra' time/space. It is often used for physical space (like a spare room) or extra time left over after a task. '空余时间' is very similar to '空闲时间', but emphasizes the 'leftover' aspect.

Understanding these differences allows you to navigate various social registers. Use '有空' with your classmates, '空闲的' when writing a report about resource allocation, and '悠闲' when describing your dream vacation. By distinguishing between the factual '空闲' and the emotional '悠闲', you demonstrate a deep grasp of the Chinese worldview regarding time and labor.

他过着空闲的退休生活。(He lives a leisurely retirement life.)

我们利用空闲的场地举办活动。(We use the vacant venue to hold events.)

这是一种非常空闲的状态。(This is a very idle state.)

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Exemples par niveau

我有空闲的时间。

I have free time.

Subject + Verb + Adjective + Noun.

他在空闲的下午看书。

He reads books on free afternoons.

Time phrase with '空闲的'.

你空闲的时间多吗？

Do you have much free time?

Question form using '多吗'.

我们在空闲的周末去公园。

We go to the park on free weekends.

Using '空闲的' to modify '周末'.

我不喜欢空闲的时间。

I don't like free time.

Negative sentence with '不喜欢'.

空闲的时间很宝贵。

Free time is very precious.

Adjective + Noun as the subject.

她利用空闲的时间学英语。

She uses her free time to study English.

Verb '利用' (utilize) + Object.

这是我空闲的时间。

This is my free time.

Possessive '我' + '空闲的' + Noun.

这个座位是空闲的吗？

Is this seat vacant?

Predicative use with '是...的'.

你可以找一个空闲的房间。

You can find a vacant room.

Modifying a physical space.

他在空闲的时候喜欢运动。

He likes to exercise when he is free.

Using '空闲的时候' as a time clause.

公司有很多空闲的办公桌。

The company has many vacant desks.

Describing workplace resources.

我们需要一个空闲的周末去旅游。

We need a free weekend to travel.

Expressing a requirement.

这个机器现在是空闲的。

This machine is currently idle.

Describing equipment status.

我没有太多空闲的时间陪你。

I don't have much free time to accompany you.

Quantifier '太多' + Adjective + Noun.

请在空闲的时间给我回电话。

Please call me back when you have free time.

Polite request with '请'.

合理安排空闲的时间对健康有好处。

Reasonably arranging free time is good for health.

Gerund-like subject phrase.

这片空闲的土地将被开发成住宅区。

This idle land will be developed into a residential area.

Passive voice with '被'.

他总是在空闲的夜晚思考人生。

He always contemplates life on free nights.

Abstract verb '思考' (contemplate).

我们需要利用空闲的资源来降低成本。

We need to utilize idle resources to reduce costs.

Purpose clause with '来'.

由于经济不景气，有很多空闲的劳动力。

Due to the economic downturn, there is a lot of idle labor.

Causal conjunction '由于'.

空闲的时间可以用来培养新的爱好。

Free time can be used to cultivate new hobbies.

Modal verb '可以' + Passive structure.

她把空闲的时间都花在了志愿者工作上。

She spends all her free time on volunteer work.

Structure '把...花在...上'.

即使在最忙的日子里，也要找点空闲的时间。

Even on the busiest days, one must find some free time.

Conjunction '即使...也'.

现代人往往缺乏真正的空闲时间。

Modern people often lack true leisure time.

Adverb '往往' (often/tend to).

空闲的产能是制造业面临的一个大问题。

Idle capacity is a major problem facing the manufacturing industry.

Industry-specific term '产能' (capacity).

他享受着空闲的退休生活，每天钓鱼养花。

He enjoys a leisurely retirement life, fishing and growing flowers every day.

Descriptive parallel verbs.

我们要学会把空闲的时间转化为生产力。

We must learn to transform free time into productivity.

Structure '把...转化为...'.

在空闲的时刻，他会感到一种莫名的孤独。

In moments of leisure, he feels an indescribable loneliness.

Emotional adjective '莫名' (indescribable).

这些空闲的资金可以投入到高风险项目中。

These idle funds can be invested in high-risk projects.

Financial term '资金' (funds).

空闲的时间并不意味着无所事事。

Free time does not mean doing nothing.

Idiom '无所事事' (to have nothing to do).

他利用空闲的间隙完成了一部小说的创作。

He completed the creation of a novel using free intervals.

Noun '间隙' (gap/interval).

这种空闲的状态让他能够审视内心。

This state of idleness allows him to examine his inner self.

Abstract noun '状态' (state).

文章描述了江南水乡那种空闲而优雅的生活。

The article describes the leisurely and elegant life of the Jiangnan water towns.

Literary description.

空闲的资产如果得不到有效利用，就是一种浪费。

If idle assets are not effectively utilized, it is a waste.

Conditional '如果...就'.

他在空闲的岁月中逐渐磨平了棱角。

In the leisurely years, his sharp edges were gradually smoothed away.

Metaphorical usage.

政府正努力解决空闲土地的流转问题。

The government is working to solve the problem of the transfer of idle land.

Formal policy language.

空闲的时间是创造力的温床。

Free time is the breeding ground for creativity.

Metaphor '温床' (breeding ground).

他在这段空闲的时光里，重新找回了自我。

During this period of free time, he found himself again.

Temporal phrase '这段...时光'.

空闲的职位的存在反映了人才市场的供需失衡。

The existence of vacant positions reflects the imbalance of supply and demand in the talent market.

Academic analysis.

庄子哲学中蕴含着一种对“空闲”的极致追求。

Zhuangzi's philosophy contains an ultimate pursuit of 'leisure/emptiness'.

Philosophical discourse.

这种空闲并非消极的逃避，而是积极的沉淀。

This idleness is not a negative escape, but a positive accumulation.

Contrast '并非...而是'.

在数字化生存的今天，纯粹的空闲时间已成奢望。

In today's digital existence, pure free time has become a luxury.

Sociological critique.

他笔下的空闲时光，总是带着一丝淡淡的忧伤。

The free time depicted in his writing always carries a hint of faint sadness.

Literary criticism.

空闲的生产要素在宏观经济调控下得到了优化配置。

Idle factors of production have been optimally allocated under macroeconomic regulation.

High-level economic terminology.

空闲的灵魂往往比忙碌的灵魂更难以安放。

An idle soul is often harder to settle than a busy one.

Existential reflection.

通过对空闲时间的深度管理，他实现了人生的跨越。

Through deep management of free time, he achieved a leap in his life.

Abstract achievement.

空闲的真谛在于摆脱世俗的羁绊，获得心灵的自由。

The true meaning of leisure lies in breaking free from worldly fetters and gaining spiritual freedom.

Metaphysical definition.

Collocations courantes

空闲的时间 (Free time)

空闲的周末 (Free weekend)

空闲的房间 (Vacant room)

空闲的座位 (Vacant seat)

空闲的资金 (Idle funds)

空闲的土地 (Idle land)

空闲的职位 (Vacant position)

空闲的机器 (Idle machine)

空闲的时刻 (Leisurely moment)

空闲的劳动力 (Idle labor)

Phrases Courantes

找点空闲 (Find some free time)

空闲之余 (In one's spare time)

十分空闲 (Very free)

暂时空闲 (Temporarily free)

长期空闲 (Long-term idle)

利用空闲 (Utilize free time)

享受空闲 (Enjoy leisure)

打发空闲 (Kill free time)

空闲地坐着 (Sitting idly)

没有任何空闲 (No free time at all)

Souvent confondu avec

空闲的 vs 免费 (miǎnfèi)

Means 'free of charge' (money), while '空闲的' means 'free' (time/availability).

空闲的 vs 悠闲 (yōuxián)

Means 'carefree/leisurely' (mood), while '空闲的' is a neutral state of not being busy.

空闲的 vs 自由 (zìyóu)

Means 'freedom/liberty', while '空闲的' refers to a specific slot of time.

Expressions idiomatiques

Facile à confondre

空闲的 vs

Structures de phrases

Comment l'utiliser

noun form

Can be used as a noun '空闲' (leisure), but '空闲的' is strictly an adjective.

tone change

The character '空' is 4th tone (kòng) when it means 'free time' or 'vacancy', but 1st tone (kōng) when it means 'empty' or 'air'.

Erreurs courantes

Using '空闲的' to mean 'free of charge'.
Mispronouncing '空' as 1st tone instead of 4th tone.
Using '空闲的' to describe a person's character instead of their status.
Forgetting the '的' when modifying a noun.
Translating 'I am free' literally as '我是空闲的' (unnatural).

Astuces

Placement

Always place '空闲的' before the noun it modifies. Don't say '时间空闲的' unless you are using the '是...的' structure.

Avoid Confusion

Never use '空闲的' for price. If something is $0, it is '免费' (miǎnfèi).

Natural Flow

When asking a friend out, say '你明天有空吗？' instead of '你明天空闲吗？' to sound more native.

Formal Contexts

In essays, '空闲的时间' is a great way to introduce the topic of hobbies or lifestyle.

Tone Matters

Listen for the 4th tone on 'kòng'. If you hear the 1st tone 'kōng', it likely means 'empty' or 'sky'.

Leisure Values

Understand that in China, having '空闲' is often seen as a luxury due to the high-pressure work environment.

Visual Memory

Remember the 'moon through the gate' in the character '闲' to associate it with peaceful leisure.

Resource Management

Use this word when talking about things that are not being used, like '空闲的电脑' or '空闲的钱'.

Tone Practice

Practice the 4-2-0 tone sequence: kòng-xián-de. It has a falling-rising-neutral rhythm.

Daily Routine

Try to describe your own daily '空闲的时间' to reinforce the word in your memory.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine an 'Empty' (空) 'Gate' (闲) with a moon shining through it. That's the time when you are 'Free' (空闲的).

Origine du mot

Contexte culturel

Confucian values traditionally emphasize hard work, making '空闲' sometimes feel like a guilty pleasure.

Common activities include square dancing, playing mahjong, or drinking tea.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"你在空闲的时间通常做什么？"

"你觉得现在的空闲时间够吗？"

"如果你有一个完全空闲的周末，你会去哪儿？"

"在你的国家，人们如何度过空闲的时间？"

"你喜欢忙碌的生活还是空闲的生活？"

Sujets d'écriture

描述你最理想的一个空闲下午。

写一写你如何利用空闲时间学习新技能。

讨论一下为什么现代人觉得空闲时间越来越少。

如果你有很多空闲的资金，你会如何投资？

回忆一次让你感到最悠闲的空闲时光。

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, you should use '免费的' (miǎnfèi de) for things that cost no money. '空闲的' only refers to time or availability.

It is semi-formal. In very casual speech, people use '有空' (yǒu kòng). In very formal writing, people might use '闲暇' (xiánxiá).

The most common opposite is '忙碌的' (mánglù de) meaning busy, or '占用的' (zhànyòng de) meaning occupied.

It is grammatically correct but sounds a bit strange, like you are an object. It's better to say '我很空闲' or '我有空'.

No, '空' can mean empty, sky, or hollow depending on the tone and context. In '空闲', it specifically refers to a gap in a schedule.

You can say '空闲的资源' (kòngxián de zīyuán) or '闲置的资源' (xiánzhì de zīyuán).

It is rarely used as a verb. It's almost always a noun or an adjective.

'有空' is a verb-object phrase (to have a gap), while '空闲' is an adjective/noun. '有空' is much more common in daily speech.

Yes, to describe vacant positions, idle funds, or available meeting rooms.

It is pronounced in the 4th tone: kòng.