Abstract refers to ideas or concepts rather than physical objects.
Mot en 30 secondes
- Describes non-physical, conceptual things.
- Opposite of concrete and tangible.
- Used in art, philosophy, and ideas.
Overview
“抽象的” (chōuxiàng de) 是一个形容词，用来描述那些看不见、摸不着，而是存在于思想、概念或感觉层面的事物。它与“具体的” (jùtǐ de) 相对，后者指的是可以直接感知或观察到的事物。在日常交流和学习中，理解“抽象的”有助于我们区分和讨论不同类型的信息和概念。
“抽象的”通常用来形容概念、想法、艺术、语言、数学等。它可以放在名词前面作定语，例如“抽象的艺术” (chōuxiàng de yìshù)，也可以在系动词（如“是”、“很”）后面作表语，例如“这个想法很抽象” (zhège xiǎngfǎ hěn chōuxiàng)。当表示“难以理解”时，也可以用“抽象”一词（不带“的”）。
**艺术领域**
抽象艺术 (abstract art) 强调形式、色彩和线条本身，而非描绘现实世界。2. 哲学与思想: 讨论哲学概念、理论时，会用到“抽象的”来描述其非物质性。3. 数学与科学: 数学中的数字、公式，以及科学中的理论模型，很多都是抽象的。4. 日常生活: 讨论情感（如爱、幸福）、价值观（如公平、正义）等，这些都是抽象的概念。
这是“抽象的”最直接的反义词，指具体、实在、可以被感官直接感知的事物。例如，“桌子是具体的，而‘桌子’这个概念是抽象的”。
强调不真实、不实在，甚至带有欺骗性或不切实际的意味，比“抽象的”更具负面色彩。
更侧重于指代“概念”本身，通常是抽象的，但“概念的”不一定完全等同于“抽象的”，有时也指与特定概念相关的事物。
Exemples
这幅画是抽象风格的，色彩和线条很有表现力。
art discussionThis painting is in an abstract style, with expressive colors and lines.
自由是一个重要的抽象概念。
philosophyFreedom is an important abstract concept.
他的计划听起来有点抽象，我不太明白。
daily conversationHis plan sounds a bit abstract, I don't quite understand.
在数学中，我们经常处理抽象的数字和符号。
academicIn mathematics, we often deal with abstract numbers and symbols.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
抽象思维
Abstract thinking
抽象画
Abstract painting
抽象派
Abstractism / Abstract school
Souvent confondu avec
'具体的' (jùtǐ de) is the direct opposite, referring to things that are concrete, tangible, and can be perceived by the senses.
'模糊的' (móhu de) means vague or unclear, often referring to something lacking definition or detail, which can be a characteristic of something abstract but isn't the core meaning.
Modèles grammaticaux
How to Use It
Notes d'usage
The term '抽象的' is widely used across various fields, from art and philosophy to everyday discussions about ideas. Its register is generally neutral, making it suitable for both formal and informal contexts. Be mindful that when used to describe something as 'hard to understand', it implies a lack of clarity or tangibility.
Erreurs courantes
Learners sometimes confuse '抽象的' (abstract) with '模糊的' (vague/blurry) or '虚幻的' (illusory/unreal). While related, 'abstract' specifically refers to conceptual or non-material existence, not necessarily deception or lack of detail.
Tips
Think Concepts, Not Things
Remember 'abstract' applies to ideas, feelings, or theories, not physical objects you can touch.
Avoid Overuse in Simple Talk
While useful, using 'abstract' too much in everyday conversation about simple objects can sound unnatural.
Abstract Art Appreciation
Understanding 'abstract' is key to appreciating modern art forms that prioritize emotion and form over literal representation.
Origine du mot
The word '抽象' (chōuxiàng) originates from classical Chinese. '抽' (chōu) can mean to draw out or extract, and '象' (xiàng) means image or phenomenon. Thus, it implies extracting the essence or idea from phenomena, leaving the concrete form behind.
Contexte culturel
In Chinese culture, while appreciating abstract art is common, there's often a practical inclination. Discussions involving abstract concepts like '道' (Dao) or philosophical ideas require deep understanding and contemplation.
Astuce mémo
Imagine an artist painting 'abstract' shapes that float in the air, not representing anything real but conveying a feeling or idea.
Questions fréquentes
4 questions“抽象的”指的是不存在于物质世界、只能通过思维理解的概念或思想，例如“自由”。“具体的”则指可以被感官直接感知的事物，例如“一本书”。
当你想表达某事“不具体”、“难以理解”或“纯属概念”时，可以使用“抽象”。例如，“他的话太抽象了，我没听懂。”
“抽象的”主要指事物的非物质性、概念性。“虚幻的”则更强调不真实、不切实际，甚至带有欺骗性，往往带有负面含义。
一般不直接用“抽象的”来形容人。但可以形容与人相关的“想法”或“理论”是抽象的，例如“他关于人性的理论很抽象”。
Teste-toi
数学研究的是______的数字和关系。
数学研究的对象，如数字、公式、定理等，本身不是具体可见的物理实体，而是抽象的概念和逻辑关系。
下列哪个选项最符合“抽象的”的描述？
“爱”是一种情感和概念，无法被直接触摸或看见，属于抽象范畴。而桌子、书、房子都是具体可感的物体。
她 / 想法 / 很 / 抽象
这个句子结构完整，主语“她”+“想法”，系动词“很”+形容词“抽象”，符合中文表达习惯。
Score : /3
Summary
Abstract refers to ideas or concepts rather than physical objects.
- Describes non-physical, conceptual things.
- Opposite of concrete and tangible.
- Used in art, philosophy, and ideas.
Think Concepts, Not Things
Remember 'abstract' applies to ideas, feelings, or theories, not physical objects you can touch.
Avoid Overuse in Simple Talk
While useful, using 'abstract' too much in everyday conversation about simple objects can sound unnatural.
Abstract Art Appreciation
Understanding 'abstract' is key to appreciating modern art forms that prioritize emotion and form over literal representation.
Exemples
4 sur 4这幅画是抽象风格的，色彩和线条很有表现力。
This painting is in an abstract style, with expressive colors and lines.
自由是一个重要的抽象概念。
Freedom is an important abstract concept.
他的计划听起来有点抽象，我不太明白。
His plan sounds a bit abstract, I don't quite understand.
在数学中，我们经常处理抽象的数字和符号。
In mathematics, we often deal with abstract numbers and symbols.
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缺席
B1The state of being absent from a place or event where one is expected to be, such as a class, meeting, or ceremony.
抽象地
B1In an abstract manner; conceptually.
艰深
B1Profound; abstruse; recondite.
学术性
A2Academic; scholarly; relating to education and scholarship.
学术化
B1Academic; characterized by formal study or research.
学术会议
A2Academic conference; a formal meeting for academic discussions.
学术交流
B1Exchange of ideas, information, and research among scholars.
学术期刊
B1A periodical publication containing scholarly articles.
教务处
A2Academic affairs office; department handling educational administration.
学术论文
B1Academic paper; scholarly article.
