When you're learning Chinese, you'll come across words that seem similar but have different uses. Today we're looking at 定律 (dìng lǜ), which means a law or an established rule, often in a scientific or general sense. Think of it as something that is consistently true and widely accepted, like the law of gravity. It's not usually used for legal laws, which would be different words. Understanding 定律 helps you talk about universal truths or principles.
The noun 定律 means a law or an established rule. This word refers to a principle that is always true, especially in science or nature, and cannot be changed. For example, the law of gravity is a 定律. It is often used in formal and scientific contexts. You might encounter this word when reading about physics, chemistry, or other academic subjects. Using 定律 correctly shows a good grasp of formal Chinese vocabulary.
When you encounter 定律, think of a fundamental truth or an unchangeable principle. It refers to a law, often scientific or natural, that has been established and proven to be consistently true. This isn't just any rule; it's a foundational concept that describes how something works reliably. For example, the law of gravity is a 定律. Understanding this term helps you grasp concepts that are universally accepted and consistently observed.
Aussprachehilfe
- mispronouncing 'lǜ' (吕) - the 'ü' sound is a high-front rounded vowel, similar to the German 'ü' or French 'u'. It's not an 'ee' or 'oo' sound.
- incorrect tones - 'dìng' is a falling tone (4th tone), and 'lǜ' is also a falling tone (4th tone). Practicing the distinct fall for each syllable is important.
Wichtige Grammatik
Use 定律 after a noun to specify which 'law' or 'established rule' it is.
自然定律 (natural law), 交通定律 (traffic law), 物理定律 (law of physics)
定律 can be used as a subject in a sentence.
这条定律适用于所有情况。(This law applies to all situations.)
定律 can be used as an object in a sentence.
我们正在研究宇宙的定律。(We are studying the laws of the universe.)
When talking about general laws or principles, 定律 is often used in a plural sense.
科学定律 (scientific laws), 社会定律 (social laws)
定律 can be followed by verbs such as '遵守' (to obey), '发现' (to discover), '制定' (to formulate).
我们必须遵守交通定律。(We must obey traffic laws.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
太阳东升西落是一个自然定律。
The sun rising in the east and setting in the west is a natural law.
这条定律很有趣。
This law is very interesting.
老师解释了这个定律。
The teacher explained this law.
我们学习了很多定律。
We learned many laws.
物理学有很多定律。
Physics has many laws.
这是一个简单的定律。
This is a simple law.
他发现了新的定律。
He discovered a new law.
这个定律对我们很重要。
This law is important to us.
市场经济有其自身的发展定律。
A market economy has its own laws of development.
万有引力定律是物理学中的一个基本定律。
The law of universal gravitation is a fundamental law in physics.
这条定律在科学界被广泛接受。
This law is widely accepted in the scientific community.
自然界有很多我们尚未发现的定律。
There are many laws in nature that we have yet to discover.
这条定律解释了物质如何相互作用。
This law explains how matter interacts.
物理学家致力于发现宇宙的定律。
Physicists are dedicated to discovering the laws of the universe.
社会发展也有其内在的定律。
Social development also has its inherent laws.
他们试图用数学定律来描述这个现象。
They tried to describe this phenomenon with mathematical laws.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
这是自然定律。
This is a law of nature. (literally: This is natural law.)
万有引力定律。
Law of universal gravitation. (literally: ten thousand have gravity law.)
能量守恒定律。
Law of conservation of energy. (literally: energy conserve law.)
学习有它自己的定律。
Learning has its own laws. (literally: study has it own law.)
他发现了一个新的物理定律。
He discovered a new law of physics. (literally: he discover one new physical law.)
我们必须遵循自然定律。
We must follow the laws of nature. (literally: we must follow natural law.)
这个定律在很多领域都适用。
This law applies in many fields. (literally: this law in many field all apply.)
这不是一个普遍定律。
This is not a universal law. (literally: this not one universal law.)
他正在研究社会定律。
He is studying social laws. (literally: he just research social law.)
打破定律是不可能的。
Breaking a law is impossible. (literally: break law not possible.)
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"自然定律 (zìrán dìnglǜ)"
laws of nature
地心引力是自然定律。 (Gravity is a law of nature.)
neutral"铁的定律 (tiě de dìnglǜ)"
an unalterable law; an iron rule
这是市场经济的铁的定律。 (This is an iron rule of the market economy.)
neutral"基本定律 (jīběn dìnglǜ)"
fundamental law
物理学有很多基本定律。 (Physics has many fundamental laws.)
neutral"普遍定律 (pǔbiàn dìnglǜ)"
universal law
能量守恒是一个普遍定律。 (Conservation of energy is a universal law.)
neutral"墨菲定律 (Mòfēi Dìnglǜ)"
Murphy's Law
我今天出门忘了带伞，墨菲定律又应验了。 (I forgot my umbrella when I went out today, Murphy's Law strikes again.)
informal"黄金定律 (huángjīn dìnglǜ)"
the golden rule
待人如己是黄金定律。 (Treating others as you wish to be treated is the golden rule.)
neutral"遵循定律 (zūnxún dìnglǜ)"
to follow a law
所有生物都遵循自然定律。 (All living things follow the laws of nature.)
formal"发现定律 (fāxiàn dìnglǜ)"
to discover a law
科学家们致力于发现宇宙的定律。 (Scientists are dedicated to discovering the laws of the universe.)
formal"打破定律 (dǎpò dìnglǜ)"
to break a law (figuratively, to defy an established rule)
他似乎想打破一切常规定律。 (He seems to want to break all conventional rules.)
neutral"亘古不变的定律 (gèngǔ bùbiàn de dìnglǜ)"
an eternal, unchangeable law
时间流逝是亘古不变的定律。 (The passage of time is an eternal, unchangeable law.)
formalIm Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
When talking about scientific principles.
- 牛顿定律 (Newton's laws)
- 万有引力定律 (law of universal gravitation)
- 物理定律 (physical laws)
Discussing general rules or established truths.
- 自然定律 (laws of nature)
- 经济学定律 (economic laws)
- 社会发展定律 (laws of social development)
In discussions about unchangeable facts or principles.
- 这是个定律 (This is a law/established rule)
- 遵循定律 (follow the law)
- 违反定律 (violate the law)
When referring to universal principles in a specific field.
- 心理学定律 (psychological laws)
- 管理定律 (management laws)
- 教育定律 (educational laws)
Speaking about fundamental truths that govern phenomena.
- 基本定律 (basic laws)
- 客观定律 (objective laws)
- 宇宙定律 (cosmic laws)
Gesprächseinstiege
"你认为什么事情可以用“定律”来形容？(What kind of things do you think can be described as a "law"?)"
"你了解哪些科学定律？(Which scientific laws are you familiar with?)"
"在你的文化中，有没有什么普遍的社会定律？(Are there any common social laws in your culture?)"
"你觉得“定律”和“规则”有什么不同？(What do you think is the difference between "law" and "rule"?)"
"有没有什么生活中的“定律”是你一直遵循的？(Are there any "laws" of life that you always follow?)"
Tagebuch-Impulse
写下你最熟悉的三条定律，并解释它们。(Write down three laws you are most familiar with and explain them.)
描述一个你认为的“人生定律”，并解释为什么。(Describe a "life law" that you believe in, and explain why.)
你认为人类社会中有哪些“定律”是永恒不变的？(What "laws" in human society do you think are eternal and unchanging?)
思考一个你曾经违反过的“定律”，结果如何？(Think about a "law" you once broke, what was the result?)
你认为未来科学会发现哪些新的“定律”？(What new "laws" do you think science will discover in the future?)
Teste dich selbst 30 Fragen
Write a short sentence using '我' (wǒ - I) and '爱' (ài - love).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我爱我的妈妈。(Wǒ ài wǒ de māma. - I love my mom.)
Write a simple sentence introducing yourself using '我' (wǒ - I) and '是' (shì - am/is/are).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我是学生。(Wǒ shì xuéshēng. - I am a student.)
Write a sentence asking 'What is your name?' using '你' (nǐ - you), '叫' (jiào - to be called), and '什么' (shénme - what).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
你叫什么名字？(Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? - What is your name?)
大卫是谁？(Dàwèi shì shéi? - Who is David?)
Read this passage:
你好！我是大卫。你呢？
大卫是谁？(Dàwèi shì shéi? - Who is David?)
文章中大卫说“我是大卫”，所以他是一个人。(The passage says 'I am David', so he is a person.)
文章中大卫说“我是大卫”，所以他是一个人。(The passage says 'I am David', so he is a person.)
句子中提到了什么？(Jùzi zhōng tí dào le shénme? - What is mentioned in the sentence?)
Read this passage:
这是我的书。那是什么？
句子中提到了什么？(Jùzi zhōng tí dào le shénme? - What is mentioned in the sentence?)
句子中说“这是我的书”，所以提到了一本书。(The sentence says 'This is my book', so a book is mentioned.)
句子中说“这是我的书”，所以提到了一本书。(The sentence says 'This is my book', so a book is mentioned.)
这句话表达了什么？(Zhè jù huà biǎodále shénme? - What does this sentence express?)
Read this passage:
谢谢！再见！
这句话表达了什么？(Zhè jù huà biǎodále shénme? - What does this sentence express?)
“谢谢”表示感谢，“再见”表示告别。(“Thank you” expresses gratitude, and “Goodbye” expresses farewell.)
“谢谢”表示感谢，“再见”表示告别。(“Thank you” expresses gratitude, and “Goodbye” expresses farewell.)
重力是自然界的___。
Gravity is a fundamental law of nature.
这个___告诉我们，努力工作就能成功。
This 'law' implies that hard work leads to success.
物理学有很多重要的___。
Physics has many important laws.
牛顿发现了万有引力___。
Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation.
这是一个大家都知道的___。
This is a well-known law/principle.
学习中文没有捷径，这是一个___。
There are no shortcuts to learning Chinese, this is a 'law' (an established rule).
万有引力是一个普遍的___。
万有引力 (wànyǒu yǐnlì - gravity) is a fundamental 'law' of nature.
这个科学___解释了行星的运动。
Here, '定律' refers to a scientific law that describes planetary motion.
学习语言有它自己的___，比如多说多练。
Learning a language has its own 'established rules' or principles, such as speaking and practicing often.
经济学中有一些基本的___，比如供求关系。
Economics has fundamental 'laws', like supply and demand.
能量守恒___是物理学的重要组成部分。
能量守恒 (néngliàng shǒuhéng - conservation of energy) is a 'law' in physics.
在社会学中，也有一些普遍的___。
Sociology also has universal 'established rules' or principles.
Explain the concept of supply and demand as an economic定律 (law), providing a simple example.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
供求定律是经济学中的一个基本原理，它指出商品的供应量和需求量会影响其市场价格。当供应大于需求时，价格会下降；反之，当需求大于供应时，价格会上涨。例如，如果市场上苹果很多，但想买的人很少，苹果的价格就会降低。
Describe a universal定律 (established rule) in nature, such as gravity, and its impact on daily life.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
万有引力定律是自然界中最著名的定律之一，它解释了所有物体之间相互吸引的现象。正是由于引力的作用，我们才能稳稳地站在地球上，水往低处流，月亮围绕地球旋转。在日常生活中，引力无处不在，影响着我们的一举一动。
Discuss how a scientific定律 (law) is established and accepted by the scientific community.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
一个科学定律的建立并非一蹴而就，它通常需要经过严谨的科学方法。首先是观察现象并提出假设，然后通过大量的实验和数据收集来验证这些假设。如果实验结果反复支持假设，并且能够解释广泛的现象，那么这个假设就有可能被提升为定律。最终，它需要经过科学界的同行评审和广泛接受。
根据这段话，以下哪一项关于万有引力定律的说法是正确的？
Read this passage:
万有引力定律是艾萨克·牛顿爵士在17世纪提出的，它阐述了两个物体之间引力的大小与它们质量的乘积成正比，与它们距离的平方成反比。这个定律不仅解释了行星的运动，也解释了地球上物体下落的现象。它在物理学领域具有里程碑式的意义，为后来的科学发展奠定了基础。
根据这段话，以下哪一项关于万有引力定律的说法是正确的？
文章中明确提到“它不仅解释了行星的运动，也解释了地球上物体下落的现象。”
文章中明确提到“它不仅解释了行星的运动，也解释了地球上物体下落的现象。”
墨菲定律主要反映了什么？
Read this passage:
墨菲定律是一种广为流传的幽默法则，它指出“凡是可能出错的事，就一定会出错”。虽然这并不是一个严格意义上的科学定律，但它反映了人们在面对不确定性时的一种普遍心理。例如，当你急着出门时，往往会发现钥匙找不到了。
墨菲定律主要反映了什么？
文章中提到“它反映了人们在面对不确定性时的一种普遍心理。”
文章中提到“它反映了人们在面对不确定性时的一种普遍心理。”
根据热力学第二定律，在一个孤立系统中，熵会如何变化？
Read this passage:
热力学第二定律，又称熵增定律，是自然界中最基本的定律之一。它表明在一个孤立系统中，混乱度或无序度（熵）总是趋于增加的。这意味着能量的利用效率总是有限的，并且无法达到100%。这个定律对我们的能源利用和环境保护有着深远的影响。
根据热力学第二定律，在一个孤立系统中，熵会如何变化？
文章中明确指出“它表明在一个孤立系统中，混乱度或无序度（熵）总是趋于增加的。”
文章中明确指出“它表明在一个孤立系统中，混乱度或无序度（熵）总是趋于增加的。”
以下哪句话最恰当地使用了“定律”一词？
“定律”指事物之间必然、普遍的联系，或通过实践证明的规律。爱情是复杂且主观的，通常认为没有固定的“定律”。
科学家们正在努力发现宇宙运行的各种______。
在科学语境中，描述宇宙运行的普遍规律最常用“定律”。“定理”多用于数学，“规则”和“准则”更侧重行为规范。
社会发展的______并非一成不变，而是随着时代而演变。
“社会发展的定律”是指社会演变的普遍规律。虽然这些规律不是永恒不变的，但用“定律”来描述其内在联系是合适的。
物理学研究的是自然界的定律。
物理学是一门研究物质、能量、空间、时间以及它们之间相互作用的自然科学，其核心任务就是发现和理解自然界的各种基本定律。
“定律”可以用来形容一个人遵守的个人原则。
“定律”通常指普遍存在的、经过验证的规律或法则，而非个人行为的原则。个人原则一般用“原则”、“准则”等词。
牛顿三大定律是物理学中的重要理论。
牛顿运动定律是经典力学的三大基本定律，对物理学的发展产生了深远影响。
/ 30 correct
Perfect score!
Beispiel
能量守恒定律是一个基本的物理定律。
Verwandte Inhalte
Dieses Wort in anderen Sprachen
Mehr academic Wörter
缺席
B1The state of being absent from a place or event where one is expected to be, such as a class, meeting, or ceremony.
抽象的
A2Abstract.
抽象地
B1In an abstract manner; conceptually.
艰深
B1Profound; abstruse; recondite.
学术性
A2Academic; scholarly; relating to education and scholarship.
学术化
B1Academic; characterized by formal study or research.
学术会议
A2Academic conference; a formal meeting for academic discussions.
学术交流
B1Exchange of ideas, information, and research among scholars.
学术期刊
B1A periodical publication containing scholarly articles.
教务处
A2Academic affairs office; department handling educational administration.
