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A2 verb #2,500 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

赞美

zan mei
At the A1 level, you can think of 赞美 (zànměi) as a very special way to say 'good' or 'I like it.' While you might usually use simple words like '好' (hǎo) or '喜欢' (xǐhuan), 赞美 is for when something is truly beautiful. Imagine you see a very pretty flower or a beautiful painting. You can say 'I praise this beauty.' At this stage, just remember that 赞美 is a verb for 'praising' something very nice. You don't need to use it in every sentence, but knowing it helps you understand when people are talking about things they admire deeply. It's like saying 'Wow!' but in a more formal and respectful way. You might see it in simple stories where a character praises another character's kindness. Just focus on the basic structure: 'Subject + 赞美 + Object.' For example, '他赞美她' (He praises her).
At the A2 level, you should begin to distinguish 赞美 (zànměi) from simpler words like '夸' (kuā). You will encounter 赞美 in short texts about nature, hobbies, or famous people. It's important to know that 赞美 is often used for things that are 'beautiful' (美). You might hear a teacher say, 'We should praise (赞美) the beauty of our city.' At this level, you can start using it to describe your feelings about art or scenery. You will also see it used as a noun, like in the phrase '得到赞美' (to get praise). Remember, 赞美 is more formal than '表扬' (biǎoyáng). If a mother tells her child 'Good job,' she is '表扬' or '夸奖' him. But if a poet writes about the sun, he is '赞美' the sun. Try to use it when you want to sound a bit more serious and appreciative of something's quality.
By B1, you are expected to use 赞美 (zànměi) in more complex sentences and understand its emotional weight. You will notice it frequently in literature, song lyrics, and news articles. You should be able to use it with adverbs like '由衷地' (yóuzhōng de - sincerely) or '不停地' (bùtíng de - constantly). At this level, you should also understand the difference between 赞美 and its synonyms like '称赞' (chēngzàn). While both mean to praise, 赞美 has a stronger aesthetic and emotional component. You might use it in an essay to discuss how people '赞美大自然' (praise nature) or '赞美伟大的母亲' (praise great mothers). You should also be comfortable with the noun form, such as '赢得了广泛的赞美' (won widespread praise). This word adds a layer of sophistication to your descriptions of people's characters and artistic works.
At the B2 level, 赞美 (zànměi) becomes a tool for nuanced expression in both written and spoken Chinese. You should understand its role in different registers—from the poetic to the diplomatic. You will encounter it in formal speeches where leaders '赞美' the cooperation between nations. You should also be aware of its usage in religious contexts, where it is the standard term for worship. In your own writing, use 赞美 to express deep admiration for abstract virtues like '勇气' (courage) or '智慧' (wisdom). You should also be able to recognize it in passive structures or with '值得' (zhídé), such as '这种行为值得赞美' (This behavior is worthy of praise). At B2, you are expected to understand that 赞美 is not just a compliment; it is an evaluation of high value and beauty. You should be able to contrast it with '歌颂' (gēsòng), which is even more grand and often used for nationalistic or epic themes.
At the C1 level, you should have a profound grasp of the stylistic implications of 赞美 (zànměi). You can analyze how authors use this word to create a specific atmosphere in their prose. You should understand the philosophical underpinnings of '赞美'—the idea of recognizing and elevating the 'Good' and the 'Beautiful.' You will see it used in literary criticism to describe an author's '赞美之情' (feeling of praise). At this level, you should be able to use the word in sophisticated collocations, such as '不吝赞美之词' (not to stint on words of praise) or '溢美之词' (excessive praise). You should also be able to discuss the cultural significance of 赞美 in Chinese society, where it often serves as a way to build social harmony and show respect. Your usage should be precise, choosing 赞美 over synonyms to convey a sense of genuine, high-level admiration that is both intellectual and emotional.
At the C2 level, your mastery of 赞美 (zànměi) should be near-native, allowing you to use it with absolute precision in any context, from classical literary analysis to high-level political discourse. You should understand its historical evolution and how its connotations have shifted from ancient texts to modern usage. You can use it to discuss complex aesthetic theories or to critique the sincerity of praise in social interactions. You should be familiar with idioms and classical phrases that incorporate the concept of 赞美, even if they don't use the word itself. In your own creative or academic writing, you can use 赞美 to weave intricate layers of meaning, perhaps using it ironically or to highlight the contrast between appearance and reality. You should also be able to translate the most subtle English terms like 'extol,' 'laud,' or 'exalt' into Chinese using 赞美 or its more specialized synonyms with perfect accuracy, reflecting the specific tone and intensity of the original text.
Jetzt üben Beispiele Notizen & Tipps

赞美 in 30 Sekunden

  • 赞美 (zànměi) is a formal Chinese verb meaning 'to praise' or 'to extol,' often used for beauty, nature, and high virtues.
  • It differs from '表扬' (biǎoyáng) by being more poetic and less hierarchical, focusing on admiration rather than just performance.
  • Commonly found in literature, religious contexts (hymns), and formal speeches to express sincere and deep appreciation.
  • As a noun, it means 'praise' or 'acclaim,' frequently appearing in phrases like '赢得赞美' (to win praise).

The word 赞美 (zànměi) is a sophisticated and emotionally resonant verb in the Chinese language, primarily used to express deep admiration, high regard, or the act of extolling the virtues of a person, object, or abstract concept. At its core, it combines two powerful characters: 赞 (zàn), which historically relates to assisting or speaking in favor of someone, and 美 (měi), which denotes beauty, goodness, or excellence. Together, they form a term that transcends simple 'praising' and enters the realm of 'glorification' or 'exaltation'. Unlike common everyday compliments, 赞美 carries a weight of sincerity and often an aesthetic or spiritual dimension.

Etymological Nuance
The character 赞 (zàn) originally depicted the act of presenting a gift while speaking well of someone. This implies that 'zànměi' is not just words, but a 'verbal gift' given to the recipient. The inclusion of 美 (měi) signifies that the object of praise is perceived as inherently beautiful or virtuous.
Emotional Depth
When you use 赞美, you are not just acknowledging a job well done; you are expressing a profound appreciation that often touches on the soul or the essence of the subject. It is frequently used in literature to describe the awe one feels toward nature or the divine.
Social Function
In Chinese culture, while humility is valued, the act of 赞美 others is seen as a mark of high character (君子 - jūnzǐ). It shows that the speaker has the 'eye for beauty' and the generosity of spirit to recognize excellence in others.
“诗人用优美的语言赞美大自然的神奇。” (The poet uses beautiful language to praise the wonders of nature.)
— Example of literary usage

In a broader sense, 赞美 is the bridge between the observer and the observed excellence. It is the verbalization of the 'Aha!' moment when one encounters something that exceeds the ordinary. Whether it is a breathtaking sunset, a selfless act of heroism, or a masterpiece of art, 赞美 is the tool used to validate that greatness. It is also the standard term used in religious contexts, such as 'praising God' (赞美上帝), highlighting its elevated status in the lexicon.

Consider the difference between saying 'Your cooking is good' and 'I praise your culinary artistry.' The latter is what 赞美 conveys. It moves the conversation from the mundane to the exceptional. In modern digital contexts, while 'liking' a post is common, writing a comment that '赞美' the creator's effort implies a much deeper level of engagement and respect.

Grammatical Flexibility
It can function as both a verb ('to praise') and a noun ('praise/compliment'). For example, '得到赞美' (to receive praise).

Using 赞美 (zànměi) correctly requires an understanding of its formal tone and the specific objects it typically takes. It is not a word you would use casually to tell a friend they have a nice shirt; for that, you would use 夸 (kuā). Instead, 赞美 is reserved for qualities that are truly commendable or objects that inspire awe.

1. Basic Sentence Structure

The most common structure is: Subject + 赞美 + Object. The object is usually a person's character, a work of art, nature, or a noble deed.

“我们应该赞美那些无私奉献的志愿者。”

(We should praise those volunteers who give selflessly.)

2. As a Noun

赞美 often appears as the object of verbs like 赢得 (yíngdé - to win), 获得 (huòdé - to obtain), or 表达 (biǎodá - to express).

“她的演讲赢得了全场观众的赞美。”

(Her speech won the praise of the entire audience.)

3. Passive Voice with '值得'

Because 赞美 implies high value, it is frequently paired with 值得 (zhídé - to be worth/to deserve).

4. Collocations with Adverbs

To intensify the praise, use adverbs like 高度 (gāodù - highly), 极力 (jílì - strongly/strenuously), or 由衷地 (yóuzhōng de - from the bottom of one's heart).

高度赞美
To praise highly (often used in diplomatic or official reports).
由衷赞美
To praise sincerely/heartily.

In writing, 赞美 is a staple of descriptive essays (散文) and poetry. When describing a landscape, one might '赞美大自然的鬼斧神工' (praise the uncanny workmanship of nature). In a professional setting, it is used to recognize outstanding contributions that go beyond the call of duty.

The context in which you encounter 赞美 (zànměi) dictates its specific flavor. While it is a common word, its 'high-frequency' zones are specific to formal, artistic, and spiritual domains.

1. Literature and Poetry

In Chinese literature, from ancient verses to modern prose, 赞美 is the go-to word for expressing the sublime. Authors use it to frame their appreciation for the homeland, the changing seasons, or the resilience of the human spirit.

“在许多文学作品中，月亮常被用来赞美纯洁的爱情。”
— In many literary works, the moon is often used to praise pure love.

2. Religious and Spiritual Contexts

For Chinese-speaking Christian communities, 赞美 is perhaps the most important verb. '赞美诗' (zànměishī) is the Chinese word for 'hymn'. During services, you will constantly hear phrases like '赞美主' (Praise the Lord).

3. Formal Speeches and News

In official government reports or diplomatic exchanges, 赞美 is used to acknowledge the achievements of another nation or the success of a policy. It sounds more dignified than 'saying good things'.

“国际社会高度赞美中国在减贫方面取得的成就。” (The international community highly praises China's achievements in poverty reduction.)

4. Art and Performance Reviews

Critics and reviewers use 赞美 to describe a performance that was particularly moving. It suggests that the art reached a level where it deserves to be 'extolled'.

Common Scenario
After a piano recital, a critic might write: '观众对钢琴家的精湛技艺给予了极高的赞美。' (The audience gave extremely high praise to the pianist's exquisite skills.)

You will also hear it in everyday life when someone is being particularly eloquent or when a parent is talking about their child's exceptional virtues to others, though in the latter case, it still retains a touch of formal pride.

While 赞美 (zànměi) is a positive word, using it in the wrong context can make you sound overly dramatic or slightly unnatural. Here are the most frequent pitfalls for learners.

1. Over-formalizing Casual Situations

The biggest mistake is using 赞美 for small, everyday compliments. If your friend buys a nice pair of shoes, do not say '我赞美你的鞋子' (I praise/extol your shoes). This sounds like you are writing a poem about the shoes.

2. Confusing with 表扬 (biǎoyáng)

表扬 is 'to praise' in a hierarchical sense—usually from a superior to an inferior (teacher to student, boss to employee). 赞美 is about admiration and can be used between equals or even towards a superior/nature.

表扬 (biǎoyáng)
Focuses on performance and following rules. 'The teacher praised the student for doing homework.'
赞美 (zànměi)
Focuses on intrinsic beauty or virtue. 'The student praised the teacher's wisdom.'

3. Confusing with 夸奖 (kuājiǎng)

夸奖 is the standard 'to compliment' in daily life. It is more informal than 赞美. If a neighbor says your Chinese is good, they are 夸奖 you. If a linguist writes an article about the beauty of your prose, they are 赞美 you.

4. Misusing the Object

赞美 usually takes abstract qualities or grand objects as its target. You rarely 赞美 a physical object unless it has artistic or natural significance. You 赞美 a person's courage, but you 夸奖 their new car.

“他不追求别人的赞美，只求问心无愧。”

(He doesn't seek others' praise, only a clear conscience.) - Here, '赞美' is used correctly as a noun for 'acclaim'.

Chinese has a rich vocabulary for 'praise'. Understanding the subtle differences between 赞美 and its synonyms will significantly elevate your fluency.

1. 称赞 (chēngzàn)

This is the closest synonym to 赞美. However, 称赞 is slightly more grounded and often refers to verbalizing approval of a specific action or quality. It is less 'poetic' than 赞美.

  • 赞美: Focuses on the feeling of admiration.
  • 称赞: Focuses on the act of stating that something is good.

2. 赞扬 (zànyáng)

赞扬 is often used in public or official contexts to spread word of someone's good deeds. The '扬' (yáng) means to spread or make known. It is common in news reports.

“媒体广泛赞扬了他的英雄行为。” (The media widely praised his heroic actions.)

3. 歌颂 (gēsòng)

This is even more formal and 'high-level' than 赞美. It literally means 'to sing the praises of'. It is used for grand themes like the motherland, heroes, or a great era.

4. 夸奖 (kuājiǎng)

As mentioned before, this is the 'everyday' version. It's what you use when a child does something well or when you want to be polite in a social setting.

Comparison Table
WordToneBest For...
赞美Formal/PoeticNature, Virtue, Art
表扬Formal/HierarchicalStudents, Employees
夸奖InformalDaily life, Friends
歌颂Very FormalHistory, Nation, Heroes

How Formal Is It?

Formell

""

Informell

""

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

他赞美这朵花。

He praises this flower.

Simple S+V+O structure.

2

妈妈赞美我的画。

Mom praises my drawing.

Possessive '我的' used with the object.

3

老师赞美他的好学生。

The teacher praises his good student.

Adjective '好' modifying the noun.

4

我们赞美大自然。

We praise nature.

Plural subject '我们'.

5

她赞美这个漂亮的衣服。

She praises this beautiful dress.

Using '这个' as a demonstrative.

6

大家都赞美他。

Everyone praises him.

'大家' means everyone.

7

我赞美你的家。

I praise your home.

Direct address with '你'.

8

他在赞美上帝。

He is praising God.

'在' indicates ongoing action.

1

他的作品得到了大家的赞美。

His work received everyone's praise.

Using '得到' (to get) with '赞美' as a noun.

2

我们要学会赞美别人。

We should learn to praise others.

'学会' means learn to.

3

导游赞美了这里的风景。

The tour guide praised the scenery here.

'了' indicates completed action.

4

他不爱说话，但会赞美朋友。

He doesn't like to talk, but he will praise friends.

Contrast using '但' (but).

5

这本书赞美了勇敢的人。

This book praised brave people.

The subject is an inanimate object (book).

6

她用歌声赞美生活。

She uses her singing to praise life.

'用...赞美' (use... to praise).

7

每个人都喜欢听赞美的话。

Everyone likes to hear words of praise.

'赞美的话' functions as a noun phrase.

8

他在信中赞美了家乡的变化。

He praised the changes in his hometown in the letter.

Prepositional phrase '在信中'.

1

诗人用优美的诗句赞美春天。

The poet uses beautiful verses to praise spring.

Instrumental '用' phrase.

2

她的善良赢得了邻居们的赞美。

Her kindness won the praise of the neighbors.

Abstract subject '善良' (kindness).

3

我们不应该只赞美成功，也要看到努力。

We shouldn't only praise success; we should also see the effort.

Correlative '不应该只...也要...'.

4

他由衷地赞美了妻子的厨艺。

He sincerely praised his wife's cooking skills.

Adverb '由衷地' (sincerely).

5

这部电影赞美了人类的勇气。

This movie praises human courage.

Abstract object '勇气' (courage).

6

他总是毫不吝啬地赞美别人。

He is always generous with his praise for others.

Idiomatic expression '毫不吝啬' (not stingy at all).

7

听众对他的演讲给予了高度赞美。

The audience gave high praise to his speech.

Structure '对...给予...赞美'.

8

这种精神确实值得我们赞美。

This spirit is indeed worthy of our praise.

Using '值得' (worthy of).

1

文章极力赞美了那位医生的奉献精神。

The article strongly praised that doctor's spirit of dedication.

Adverb '极力' (strenuously/strongly).

2

他并不在乎名利，只在乎内心的赞美。

He doesn't care about fame or wealth, only about inner praise.

Contrast '并不在乎...只在乎...'.

3

建筑师赞美了大自然与现代设计的融合。

The architect praised the fusion of nature and modern design.

Complex object '融合' (fusion).

4

她的才华不仅在国内，在国际上也备受赞美。

Her talent is highly praised not only domestically but also internationally.

'备受' (fully receive/widely).

5

这种古老的艺术形式依然值得我们去赞美和传承。

This ancient art form is still worthy of our praise and inheritance.

Parallel verbs '赞美和传承'.

6

他用一生去赞美那片他深爱的土地。

He spent his whole life praising the land he loved deeply.

'用一生去...' (spend a lifetime to...).

7

评论家们对这部小说的叙事技巧赞美有加。

Critics were full of praise for the narrative techniques of this novel.

Idiomatic ending '赞美有加' (full of praise).

8

在赞美声中，他依然保持着清醒的头脑。

Amidst the sounds of praise, he still maintained a clear head.

Prepositional phrase '在...中'.

1

这篇散文通过对梅花的描写，赞美了高洁的品格。

Through the description of plum blossoms, this prose praises noble character.

Method '通过...'.

2

他那富有感染力的演讲，是对自由最真诚的赞美。

His infectious speech was the most sincere praise of freedom.

Metaphorical use of '赞美' as a noun.

3

面对溢美之词，他表现得非常谦逊。

In the face of excessive praise, he behaved very humbly.

Advanced vocabulary '溢美之词' (excessive praise).

4

这部交响乐是对生命力的热烈赞美。

This symphony is a passionate praise of vitality.

Abstract concept '生命力' (vitality).

5

我们不能盲目赞美，而应保持批判性思维。

We shouldn't praise blindly; instead, we should maintain critical thinking.

Adverb '盲目' (blindly) and contrast '而应'.

6

他笔下的文字，无一不在赞美着家乡的每一寸土地。

Every word under his pen praises every inch of his hometown's land.

Double negative '无一不在' for emphasis.

7

这种对权力的赞美，在历史上并不少见。

This kind of praise for power is not uncommon in history.

Formal historical context.

8

他拒绝了那些虚伪的赞美，选择了真理。

He rejected those hypocritical praises and chose the truth.

Adjective '虚伪' (hypocritical).

1

其作品中对人性光辉的赞美，构成了其文学创作的核心母题。

The praise of the brilliance of human nature in his works constitutes the core motif of his literary creation.

Academic terminology '核心母题' (core motif).

2

这种赞美并非廉价的恭维，而是基于深厚美学底蕴的评价。

This praise is not cheap flattery, but an evaluation based on deep aesthetic foundations.

Sophisticated contrast '并非...而是...'.

3

他在诗中将对神性的赞美与对自然律的敬畏完美地结合在一起。

In his poems, he perfectly combines the praise of divinity with the awe of natural laws.

Complex structure '将...与...结合'.

4

过度的赞美往往会掩盖问题的本质，导致决策的失误。

Excessive praise often obscures the essence of the problem, leading to decision-making errors.

Causal relationship in a formal context.

5

他以一种近乎虔诚的态度，赞美着造物主的杰作。

With an almost pious attitude, he praises the Creator's masterpiece.

Adverbial phrase '以一种...的态度'.

6

这种赞美之词溢于言表，足见其内心的激动。

The words of praise were beyond expression, showing the excitement in his heart.

Idiom '溢于言表' (overflowing in words/expression).

7

在解构主义视角下，这种赞美被赋予了多重矛盾的含义。

From a deconstructionist perspective, this praise is endowed with multiple contradictory meanings.

Academic phrase '在...视角下'.

8

他不仅赞美英雄的功绩，更赞美那些在平凡中坚守的普通人。

He praises not only the achievements of heroes but also the ordinary people who persevere in the mundane.

Progressive structure '不仅...更...'.

Häufige Kollokationen

高度赞美
由衷赞美
赢得赞美
值得赞美
不吝赞美
虚伪的赞美
热烈赞美
公开赞美
赞美之词
赞美上帝

Häufige Phrasen

赞美诗

赞美的话

赞美大自然

充满赞美

得到赞美

给予赞美

表达赞美

极力赞美

无尽的赞美

由衷的赞美

Wird oft verwechselt mit

赞美 vs 表扬

Hierarchical (teacher to student).

赞美 vs 夸奖

Casual/Informal.

赞美 vs 恭维

Negative connotation (flattery).

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

Leicht verwechselbar

赞美 vs

赞美 vs

赞美 vs

赞美 vs

赞美 vs

Satzmuster

So verwendest du es

tone

Always positive and respectful.

frequency

Medium-high in written Chinese, medium in spoken.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 赞美 for a friend's new haircut (too formal).
  • Using 表扬 for a sunset (incorrect hierarchy).
  • Forgetting the 3rd tone on 美.
  • Using 赞美 as a direct translation for 'like'.
  • Confusing 赞美 (praise) with 赞成 (agree).

Tipps

Context Matters

Use 赞美 for grand things like a sunset or a hero's sacrifice.

Noun Form

Remember that '得到赞美' is a very common way to use it as a noun.

Synonym Choice

Choose 赞美 over 夸奖 when writing a formal letter or essay.

Modesty

If someone 赞美s you, a humble response is usually expected in China.

Tone Accuracy

Ensure the 4th tone on 'zàn' is sharp and the 3rd on 'měi' is low and dipping.

Adverbs

Pair it with '由衷地' (sincerely) to make your writing sound more heartfelt.

Song Lyrics

Listen for this word in Chinese pop ballads; it's often used for love.

Avoid Flattery

Be careful not to over-use it, or it might sound like '恭维' (flattery).

vs. 表扬

Never use '表扬' for God or nature; always use '赞美'.

Literature

In literary analysis, use '赞美' to describe the author's positive stance.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

赞 (zàn) originally meant to assist or speak in favor of; 美 (měi) depicts a person with a large headdress, symbolizing beauty.

Kultureller Kontext

When receiving 赞美, Chinese people traditionally respond with modesty (e.g., '哪里哪里'), though this is changing in modern times.

Classical Chinese poetry is filled with the '赞美' of nature as a reflection of the poet's inner state.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"你最想赞美的人是谁？"

"你觉得什么样的艺术作品最值得赞美？"

"在你的文化中，人们如何表达赞美？"

"你喜欢听别人的赞美吗？"

"你上次赞美大自然是什么时候？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

写一段话赞美你最喜欢的季节。

描述一次你因为得到赞美而感到自豪的经历。

如果你要写一首诗赞美你的家乡，你会写什么？

讨论赞美在人际关系中的重要性。

赞美和虚伪的恭维有什么区别？

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It's better to use '好吃' or '夸奖厨艺'. 赞美 sounds a bit too formal for a regular dinner.

No, it is very commonly used for nature, art, and abstract qualities like courage.

The direct opposite is 批评 (pīpíng - to criticize) or 诋毁 (dǐhuǐ - to slander).

In a modern context, yes, it specifically refers to Christian hymns.

Yes, it means 'praise' or 'commendation'.

You can say '赞美有加' (zànměi yǒujiā).

Yes, 赞美 has a more poetic and emotional tone.

It is culturally rare in China to 赞美 oneself; it's seen as arrogant.

It means excessive or exaggerated praise, often used critically.

Yes, if you are admiring their beauty or noble qualities.

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