进程 in 30 Sekunden
- 进程 (jìnchéng) means 'process' or 'course' with a focus on temporal advancement.
- It is more formal than 过程 (guòchéng) and used for large-scale events.
- Commonly used in history, politics, business, and computing (system processes).
- Key collocations include '推进进程' (advance the process) and '历史进程' (course of history).
The Chinese word 进程 (jìnchéng) is a sophisticated noun that translates most accurately to "process," "course," or "progression." However, unlike the more common word 过程 (guòchéng), which focuses on the steps or experience of an event, 进程 emphasizes the forward movement, development, and temporal trajectory of a series of events. It is the steady, often inevitable, advancement of a situation over time. When you use 进程, you are looking at the 'big picture'—how a historical movement, a scientific project, or a political negotiation is moving along its timeline.
- Temporal Aspect
- It refers to the chronological advancement. It is the 'flow' of time applied to a specific goal or evolution.
- Formal Nuance
- It is predominantly used in formal, academic, or professional settings to describe large-scale developments.
- Dynamic Nature
- It implies that something is currently 'in motion' or 'underway' toward a destination or conclusion.
“历史的进程是不可阻挡的。” (The course of history is unstoppable.)
To understand 进程, imagine a river. The water (the events) is flowing toward the sea (the goal). 过程 would be the experience of being in the water, the splashes, and the rocks. 进程 is the overall movement of that water downstream. It is often paired with words like 历史 (history), 时代 (era), 工业化 (industrialization), and 现代化 (modernization). These are all grand, sweeping concepts that don't just 'happen'—they 'progress' through time.
加快进程 (Accelerate the process)
This is a very common business and political collocation used when deadlines are approaching.
In a modern context, you will see this word in news headlines regarding international relations, such as the "Peace Process" (和平进程) or the "Democratization Process" (民主化进程). It suggests a structured, multi-stage evolution that requires time and effort to complete. It is less about the individual actions and more about the collective momentum of those actions.
推动谈判进程 (To push forward the negotiation process)
- Scale
- Usually macro-level (societal, global, scientific).
- Direction
- Linear and forward-moving.
Using 进程 (jìnchéng) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a formal noun. It rarely acts as a verb; instead, it is the object of verbs like 推进 (to promote/push forward), 加快 (to accelerate), 阻碍 (to hinder), or 观察 (to observe). It is almost always modified by another noun or an adjective to specify which process is being discussed.
1. As a Subject in Formal Statements
When 进程 is the subject, it is often described by adjectives relating to speed or difficulty. For example, you might say the process is 'slow' (缓慢) or 'smooth' (顺利).
改革的进程比预想的要慢得多。
(The process of reform is much slower than expected.)
2. Common Verb-Noun Collocations
In professional writing, you will frequently encounter these pairings:
- 推进进程 (Tuījìn jìnchéng): To advance/push forward the process. This is the most common way to say you are making progress on a large project.
- 加快进程 (Jiākuài jìnchéng): To speed up the process. Often used in policy-making.
- 干扰进程 (Gānrǎo jìnchéng): To interfere with the process. Used when external factors cause delays.
- 完成进程 (Wánchéng jìnchéng): To complete the process.
3. The "Noun + 进程" Structure
This is the most powerful way to use the word. By placing a noun before it, you create a specific concept:
The course of history
Urbanization process
Peace process
Legal process
4. In Scientific and Technical Contexts
In computing or biology, 进程 can refer to a specific 'process' (like a computer process or a biological progression). However, in modern computing, '进程' specifically translates to a 'process' (a program in execution), whereas '线程' (xiànchéng) is a 'thread'.
系统正在终止多余的进程。
(The system is terminating redundant processes.)
You are most likely to encounter 进程 (jìnchéng) in environments where high-level planning, historical analysis, or formal reporting takes place. It is not a word you would typically use while buying vegetables at the market, but it is indispensable for reading a newspaper or attending a corporate meeting.
1. News and Media (新闻媒体)
News anchors on CCTV or Phoenix TV frequently use 进程 to discuss global events. It provides a sense of gravity and continuity to the news. You will hear phrases like "The peace process in the Middle East" (中东和平进程) or "The global economic recovery process" (全球经济复苏进程).
“双方同意进一步推动双边贸易自由化进程。”
(Both sides agreed to further promote the process of bilateral trade liberalization.)
2. Academic and Historical Literature (学术与历史)
Historians use 进程 to describe the evolution of civilizations. In an academic paper, you might read about the "process of modernization" (现代化进程) or the "process of biological evolution" (生物进化进程). It implies a long-term, systematic change.
3. Business and Project Management (商业与项目管理)
In a boardroom, a manager might ask about the 进程 of a new product launch. Here, it refers to the timeline and the current status of the project relative to the final goal. It sounds more professional than simply asking "How is it going?"
“我们需要加快新产品的研发进程以应对市场竞争。”
(We need to accelerate the R&D process of the new product to meet market competition.)
4. Computing and Technology (计算机与技术)
If you open the Task Manager on a Chinese-language Windows or Mac computer, you will see a tab labeled 进程. In this technical context, it refers to an active instance of a computer program. This is a very specific, non-abstract use of the word.
- Context: IT Support
- “请检查是否有后台进程占用了过多的内存。” (Please check if there are background processes consuming too much memory.)
Because the English word "process" can be translated into several different Chinese words, learners often struggle with the nuances of 进程 (jìnchéng). Here are the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.
1. Confusing 进程 (Jìnchéng) with 过程 (Guòchéng)
This is the #1 mistake. While both mean "process," they are not interchangeable.
- ❌
学习中文是一个漫长的进程。
Incorrect: 'Learning Chinese is a long process.' (Sounds too mechanical/historical)
- ✅
学习中文是一个漫长的过程。
Correct: Focuses on the experience and the steps of learning.
Rule of Thumb: Use 过程 for personal experiences, small tasks, or the 'how' of a phenomenon. Use 进程 for large-scale, time-based advancements or 'the course' of something.
2. Confusing 进程 (Jìnchéng) with 进度 (Jìndù)
进度 means "progress" or "schedule." It is quantitative—it tells you how much of the work is finished (e.g., 50% complete).
- ❌
工程的进程很快。
Awkward: 'The course of the project is fast.'
- ✅
工程的进度很快。
Correct: 'The project is ahead of schedule/moving fast.'
3. Overusing it in Informal Speech
进程 is quite heavy. Using it in casual conversation can make you sound like a textbook or a politician. If you want to ask "How is your work going?", don't ask "你的工作进程如何?" Instead, say "你的工作进展得怎么样?" (Nǐ de gōngzuò jìnzhǎn de zěnmeyàng?).
To truly master 进程 (jìnchéng), you must see how it fits into the family of words related to time, progress, and development. Chinese has a rich vocabulary for these concepts, and choosing the right one elevates your fluency.
1. 历程 (Lìchéng) - The Journey/Course
历程 usually refers to a long and difficult journey or the history of a person's life or an organization's growth. It has a more emotional or reflective tone than 进程.
- Example: 奋斗的历程 (The journey of struggle).
- Nuance: 进程 is about the movement forward; 历程 is about the experience of having traveled that path.
2. 演变 (Yǎnbiàn) - Evolution
演变 describes a gradual change or evolution over a long period. It is often used for languages, biological species, or social customs.
- Example: 语言的演变 (The evolution of language).
- Nuance: 进程 implies a goal-oriented or time-bound movement; 演变 is more about the transformation itself.
3. 进展 (Jìnzhǎn) - Progress/Development
进展 is more of a verb-noun that focuses on the positive movement or breakthrough in a situation.
- Example: 谈判取得了重大进展 (The negotiations made significant progress).
- Nuance: 进程 is the whole road; 进展 is how far you've moved on that road today.
4. 程序 (Chéngxù) - Procedure/Program
程序 refers to a fixed set of steps or a computer program. It is very structured.
- Example: 法律程序 (Legal procedure).
- Nuance: 进程 is the flow of the case over time; 程序 is the list of rules you must follow.
Synonym Comparison Summary:
In summary, choose 进程 when you want to sound objective, formal, and focused on the grand movement of events through the dimension of time.
How Formal Is It?
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Wichtige Grammatik
Noun + 的 + 进程 (The process of...)
加快/推进 + 进程 (Accelerate/Advance the process)
在...进程中 (In the process of...)
进入...进程 (Enter the process of...)
进程 + 缓慢/迅速 (The process is slow/fast)
Beispiele nach Niveau
我们要加快这个进程。
We need to speed up this process.
Subject + 要 + 加快 + 进程.
学习的进程很快。
The learning process is fast.
Noun + 的 + 进程 + 很 + Adjective.
这是一个简单的进程。
This is a simple process.
这 + 是 + 一个 + Adjective + 的 + 进程.
进程已经开始了。
The process has already started.
进程 + 已经 + 开始 + 了.
请看这个进程。
Please look at this process.
请 + 动词 (look) + 这个 + 进程.
进程很慢。
The process is very slow.
进程 + 很 + 慢.
工作进程是什么？
What is the work process?
Noun + 进程 + 是 + 什么?
他完成了进程。
He finished the process.
Subject + 完成 + 了 + 进程.
会议的进程非常顺利。
The course of the meeting went very smoothly.
会议的进程 (The course of the meeting) acts as the subject.
我们必须加快生产进程。
We must speed up the production process.
加快 (verb) + 生产进程 (compound noun).
历史的进程是漫长的。
The course of history is long.
历史的进程 is a very common formal phrase.
这个进程需要时间。
This process needs time.
进程 + 需要 + 时间.
他们正在讨论和平进程。
They are discussing the peace process.
正在 (progressive aspect) + 讨论 (verb).
科学的进程不会停止。
The progress of science will not stop.
Negative form: 不会 + 停止.
这个软件的安装进程很慢。
The installation process of this software is slow.
安装进程 (installation process).
我们要观察实验的进程。
We need to observe the course of the experiment.
观察 (to observe) + 进程.
城市化进程改变了人们的生活方式。
The process of urbanization has changed people's lifestyles.
Abstract noun (城市化) + 进程 as the subject.
外部因素干扰了谈判的进程。
External factors interfered with the negotiation process.
干扰 (to interfere) + 进程.
我们要推动教育改革的进程。
We need to push forward the process of education reform.
推动 (to push forward) is a high-frequency collocation.
工业化进程在19世纪加快了。
The process of industrialization accelerated in the 19th century.
Time phrase (19世纪) + 加快了.
法律进程可能需要几个月的时间。
The legal process might take several months.
Possible/Likely (可能) + 进程.
这一发现加快了人类文明的进程。
This discovery accelerated the course of human civilization.
Subject (这一发现) + 加快 + 进程.
我们需要重新评估项目的进程。
We need to re-evaluate the progress of the project.
重新评估 (re-evaluate) + 进程.
现代化进程带来了机遇和挑战。
The process of modernization has brought opportunities and challenges.
带来 (to bring) + 宾语 (opportunities/challenges).
民主化进程是一个复杂且充满挑战的阶段。
The democratization process is a complex and challenging stage.
Complex modifiers (复杂且充满挑战) for the noun 进程.
计算机系统中的多个进程正在同时运行。
Multiple processes in the computer system are running simultaneously.
Technical use: 进程 means 'computer process'.
全球化进程不可避免地影响了本土文化。
The globalization process has inevitably affected local cultures.
Adverb (不可避免地) + 影响 (verb).
政府正在努力透明化决策进程。
The government is working to make the decision-making process transparent.
透明化 (to make transparent) + 进程.
这一历史进程反映了社会价值观的变迁。
This historical process reflects changes in social values.
反映 (to reflect) + 变迁 (changes).
我们需要阻断这种恶性循环的进程。
We need to break the process of this vicious cycle.
阻断 (to block/break) + 进程.
该国的经济转型进程已经进入了关键时期。
The country's economic transition process has entered a critical period.
进入 (to enter) + 关键时期 (critical period).
科学研究的进程往往不是线性的。
The process of scientific research is often not linear.
不是线性的 (not linear).
技术革新深刻地重塑了社会生产的进程。
Technological innovation has profoundly reshaped the process of social production.
深刻地 (profoundly) + 重塑 (to reshape).
我们必须警惕那些可能阻碍和平进程的激进势力。
We must be wary of radical forces that might hinder the peace process.
警惕 (to be wary of) + 激进势力 (radical forces).
该论文探讨了资本主义在全球范围内的扩张进程。
The paper explores the expansion process of capitalism on a global scale.
探讨 (to explore/discuss) + 扩张进程 (expansion process).
生物进化是一个极其缓慢且复杂的自然进程。
Biological evolution is an extremely slow and complex natural process.
极其 (extremely) + modifiers.
这种文化融合的进程在移民城市尤为明显。
This process of cultural fusion is particularly evident in immigrant cities.
尤为明显 (particularly evident).
司法进程的独立性是法治社会的基石。
The independence of the judicial process is the cornerstone of a rule-of-law society.
进程的独立性 (independence of the process).
我们要从宏观角度审视人类文明的演进进程。
We should examine the evolutionary process of human civilization from a macro perspective.
从宏观角度 (from a macro perspective) + 审视 (to examine).
数字化进程正以前所未有的速度改变着传统行业。
The digitalization process is changing traditional industries at an unprecedented speed.
以前所未有的速度 (at an unprecedented speed).
历史进程的必然性与偶然性始终是哲学争论的焦点。
The inevitability and contingency of the historical process have always been the focus of philosophical debate.
必然性 (inevitability) vs 偶然性 (contingency).
这种艺术风格的形成进程折射出时代精神的嬗变。
The formation process of this artistic style reflects the evolution of the zeitgeist.
折射 (to reflect/refract) + 嬗变 (evolution/change).
在全球治理的进程中，主权国家的角色正在发生微妙的变化。
In the process of global governance, the role of sovereign states is undergoing subtle changes.
微妙的变化 (subtle changes).
我们要辩证地看待社会转型进程中的阵痛。
We should look at the growing pains in the process of social transformation dialectically.
辩证地 (dialectically) + 阵痛 (labor pains/growing pains).
宇宙演化的宏大进程超越了人类感知的极限。
The grand process of cosmic evolution transcends the limits of human perception.
超越 (to transcend) + 感知的极限 (limits of perception).
该政策的实施进程因官僚体制的僵化而陷入停滞。
The implementation process of the policy stalled due to the rigidity of the bureaucracy.
因...而 (because of... therefore) + 陷入停滞 (to fall into stagnation).
意识觉醒的进程往往伴随着对旧有秩序的彻底否定。
The process of awakening consciousness is often accompanied by a complete negation of the old order.
伴随着 (accompanied by) + 彻底否定 (complete negation).
我们需要在可持续发展的进程中寻求经济与生态的平衡。
We need to seek a balance between economy and ecology in the process of sustainable development.
寻求 (to seek) + 平衡 (balance).
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Focuses on the internal steps and experience.
Focuses on the speed or percentage of completion.
Focuses on the positive breakthroughs or movement.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
Leicht verwechselbar
Satzmuster
So verwendest du es
In IT, it is a specific term for 'process'.
Jindu is a percentage or rate; Jincheng is the course itself.
Guocheng is about the experience; Jincheng is about the timeline.
- Using 进程 instead of 过程 for personal stories.
- Using 进程 as a verb (e.g., '我们正在进程这个项目').
- Confusing 进程 with 进度 in a quantitative context.
- Using 进程 for very small, trivial tasks.
- Forgetting to use a verb like '推进' or '加快' when talking about action.
Tipps
Formal Contexts
Always use 进程 in formal reports or essays. It makes your writing sound more academic. Avoid it in casual texts with friends. It can sound a bit stiff in informal settings.
Pair with Abstract Nouns
Combine 进程 with nouns like 'modernization' or 'reform'. This is the most natural way to use the word. It helps define exactly what course you are talking about. These pairs are very common in Chinese media.
Jincheng vs Guocheng
Remember: Jincheng is the 'timeline', Guocheng is the 'experience'. If you want to talk about how you felt, use Guocheng. If you want to talk about the schedule, use Jincheng. This is the most important distinction for learners.
IT Terminology
If you work in tech, learn 进程 for 'process'. It is essential for discussing system performance. You will also hear '线程' (xiànchéng) for 'thread'. These two often go together in technical discussions.
Historical Course
Use '历史进程' to discuss major events in the past. It suggests that events are part of a larger flow. This phrase is very common in history books. It gives a sense of scale to your analysis.
Project Management
In meetings, ask about the '项目进程'. It sounds much more professional than 'how is the project?'. It shows you are focused on the timeline and goals. Your colleagues will appreciate the precise language.
Noun Only
Never use 进程 as a verb. It is always a noun. You need a verb like '推进' to act upon it. This is a common grammatical mistake for English speakers. Always check your sentence structure.
Descriptive Adjectives
Use adjectives like '不可逆转' (irreversible) with 进程. This adds depth to your descriptions. It helps convey the nature of the process. Experiment with different modifiers to improve your writing.
News Keywords
When listening to news, treat '进程' as a keyword. It usually signals a transition to a high-level summary. It helps you identify the main topic of the report. Pay attention to the words that come before it.
Visualizing Progress
Visualize a train moving along a track. The track is the 进程. The scenery you see is the 过程. This mental image helps distinguish the two words. It is a simple but effective memory trick.
Einprägen
Wortherkunft
Kultureller Kontext
Ubiquitous in IT and software engineering.
Standard term in sociology and history departments.
Frequently used in government white papers to describe national development.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Gesprächseinstiege
"你认为数字化进程对教育有什么影响？"
"我们该如何加快这个项目的进程？"
"你对目前的和平进程乐观吗？"
"这个城市的城市化进程非常快，对吧？"
"你的研究进程现在到哪一步了？"
Tagebuch-Impulse
描述一下你学习汉语的进程。
你认为人类文明的进程中最重要的发明是什么？
写一段关于你公司最近一个项目进程的报告。
探讨一下全球化进程对你家乡的影响。
如果你能改变历史的进程，你会改变哪一件事？
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenNo, it is too formal for cooking. Use 过程 (guòchéng) instead. 进程 is for large-scale or formal events. Cooking a meal is a personal, small-scale task. Using 进程 would make you sound like a scientist in a lab.
No, 进程 is strictly a noun. You cannot say 'I am 进程-ing'. You must use a verb like 推进 (tuījìn) or 加快 (jiākuài) with it. For example, '推进进程' means 'to advance the process'.
进程 is the 'course' or 'timeline' of an event. 进度 is the 'rate' or 'schedule' of progress. If you are 50% done, that is your 进度. If you are talking about the overall flow of the project, that is the 进程.
You use the word 进程 (jìnchéng). If you open the Task Manager, you will see a list of '进程'. This is the standard technical term in computing. It refers to a program that is currently running.
Yes, '历史进程' (lìshǐ jìnchéng) is a very common phrase. It means 'the course of history'. It describes how history moves forward over long periods. It is often used in academic and philosophical writing.
It is less common in casual talk. In daily life, people prefer 过程 or 进展. However, in a work meeting or when discussing the news, 进程 is very common. It adds a professional tone to your speech.
Common verbs include 推进 (advance), 加快 (accelerate), 阻碍 (hinder), 干扰 (interfere), and 观察 (observe). These verbs help describe how the process is moving or being affected. They are essential for using the word correctly.
Yes, but it sounds very formal. It implies a structured, long-term curriculum or educational development. For your personal daily study, '学习过程' is more natural. Use '学习进程' for a national education plan.
Not necessarily. A 进程 can be '艰难' (difficult) or '缓慢' (slow). It just refers to the movement itself. However, '推进进程' usually implies a goal-oriented, positive effort to finish something.
No, 'procedure' is usually 程序 (chéngxù). 程序 refers to a set of rules or steps you must follow. 进程 refers to the actual movement through time. They are related but distinct concepts.
Teste dich selbst 210 Fragen
/ 210 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use '进程' when you want to describe the 'timeline' or 'forward momentum' of a significant event, project, or historical movement. It is the professional choice for discussing how things are moving along a path toward a goal.
- 进程 (jìnchéng) means 'process' or 'course' with a focus on temporal advancement.
- It is more formal than 过程 (guòchéng) and used for large-scale events.
- Commonly used in history, politics, business, and computing (system processes).
- Key collocations include '推进进程' (advance the process) and '历史进程' (course of history).
Formal Contexts
Always use 进程 in formal reports or essays. It makes your writing sound more academic. Avoid it in casual texts with friends. It can sound a bit stiff in informal settings.
Pair with Abstract Nouns
Combine 进程 with nouns like 'modernization' or 'reform'. This is the most natural way to use the word. It helps define exactly what course you are talking about. These pairs are very common in Chinese media.
Jincheng vs Guocheng
Remember: Jincheng is the 'timeline', Guocheng is the 'experience'. If you want to talk about how you felt, use Guocheng. If you want to talk about the schedule, use Jincheng. This is the most important distinction for learners.
IT Terminology
If you work in tech, learn 进程 for 'process'. It is essential for discussing system performance. You will also hear '线程' (xiànchéng) for 'thread'. These two often go together in technical discussions.
Beispiel
全球化的进程正在加速。
Verwandte Inhalte
Verwandte Redewendungen
Mehr society Wörter
成就
B1Eine bedeutende Leistung oder ein Erfolg. Er hat in seiner Forschung große Leistungen erbracht.
大人
A1adult
老龄化
B1Die Alterung der Bevölkerung stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Rentensysteme dar.
美国人
A1Eine Person aus den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika.
呼吁
B1Einen öffentlichen Aufruf machen oder um Unterstützung für ein soziales oder dringendes Problem bitten. Wird oft von Organisationen und Regierungen verwendet.
赞成
B1Einer Meinung oder einem Vorschlag zustimmen.
建筑
B1Die Kunst oder Praxis des Entwerfens und Bauens von Gebäuden. Es kann sich auch auf die Gebäude selbst beziehen.
氛围
B1Die Atmosphäre oder Stimmung eines Ortes oder einer Situation.
指责
B1Jemanden scharf kritisieren oder für einen Fehler verantwortlich machen. Es bedeutet, jemanden offen zu tadeln oder zu beschuldigen.
界限
B1Eine Trennlinie oder eine Grenze, die verschiedene Dinge, Bereiche oder Konzepte voneinander trennt.
