γράμμα
γράμμα en 30 segundos
- A 'γράμμα' is primarily a letter of the alphabet or a piece of mail sent in an envelope.
- The plural form 'γράμματα' is often used to refer to education, literacy, or the world of literature.
- It is a neuter noun following the -μα/-ματος pattern, which is common for Greek words derived from verbs.
- Commonly heard at the post office, in schools, and used in idioms like 'κατά γράμμα' meaning 'literally'.
The Greek word γράμμα (gramma) is a fundamental pillar of the Greek language, serving as a bridge between the physical act of writing and the abstract concepts of communication and education. At its most basic level, it refers to a single character of the alphabet. When you are learning your alpha, beta, and gamma, you are learning the γράμματα of the Greek script. This dual nature of the word—meaning both an individual character and a written correspondence (a letter sent via mail)—makes it one of the first nouns a student of Greek encounters. In modern usage, while digital communication has largely replaced physical mail, the word γράμμα remains the standard term for a letter, though it carries a slightly more nostalgic or formal weight than 'email' (μήνυμα). Furthermore, the plural form γράμματα extends into the realm of literacy and scholarship. To 'know letters' in Greek (ξέρω γράμματα) means to be literate or well-educated, reflecting a deep cultural respect for written knowledge that dates back to antiquity.
- Linguistic Origin
- Derived from the verb 'γράφω' (to write), the suffix '-μα' denotes the result of an action. Thus, a 'gramma' is literally 'that which has been written'.
- Daily Application
- Used when asking someone how to spell a word (Ποιο είναι το επόμενο γράμμα;) or when checking the mailbox (Ήρθε κανένα γράμμα σήμερα;).
Έλαβα ένα συγκινητικό γράμμα από τον παππού μου που ζει στο χωριό.
In a classroom setting, a teacher might instruct a child to write the γράμμα 'Α' five times. In a more sophisticated context, a literary critic might discuss the 'man of letters' (άνθρωπος των γραμμάτων), highlighting the word's versatility. It is important to note that Greek is a highly inflected language, so γράμμα changes its ending based on its role in the sentence, though as a neuter noun ending in -μα, it follows a specific third-declension pattern that learners must master early on. This word is also the root for many English words like 'grammar', 'diagram', and 'telegram', which helps English speakers find an immediate cognitive anchor. Whether you are discussing the literal ink on a page or the broader scope of human literature, this word is your primary tool. The cultural weight of the 'written letter' in Greece is also tied to the long history of the Greek diaspora; for decades, γράμματα were the only link between families separated by oceans, lending the word an emotional resonance often captured in Greek folk songs and poetry.
Το ελληνικό αλφάβητο έχει είκοσι τέσσερα γράμματα.
Using the word γράμμα correctly involves understanding its grammatical gender (neuter) and its declension. As a neuter noun ending in -α, its plural is γράμματα. In the nominative and accusative cases, the singular form remains γράμμα, while the genitive singular is γράμματος. This 'τ' that appears in the genitive and all plural forms is a characteristic of this noun class. For example, if you want to say 'the color of the letter', you would say 'το χρώμα του γράμματος'. When constructing sentences, learners often start with simple subject-verb-object patterns. 'Γράφω ένα γράμμα' (I am writing a letter) is a classic A1-level sentence. As you progress, you might use it in the dative-equivalent sense: 'Έστειλα ένα γράμμα στον φίλο μου' (I sent a letter to my friend).
- Singular vs. Plural
- Use the singular for one specific character or one envelope. Use the plural for the alphabet or multiple pieces of mail.
Δεν μπορώ να διαβάσω αυτό το γράμμα, ο γραφικός σου χαρακτήρας είναι δύσκολος.
In more complex sentences, γράμμα can appear in idiomatic expressions. For instance, 'κατά γράμμα' means 'literally' or 'to the letter'. Example: 'Ακολούθησε τις οδηγίες κατά γράμμα' (He followed the instructions to the letter). This usage is very common in legal, technical, or instructional contexts where precision is paramount. Another important aspect is the distinction between γράμμα and επιστολή. While both mean letter, γράμμα is the everyday word used for a letter from a friend or a letter of the alphabet, whereas επιστολή is reserved for formal letters, official documents, or biblical epistles (like the Epistles of Paul). When you are at the post office (ταχυδρομείο), you would typically say 'Θέλω να στείλω αυτό το γράμμα' (I want to send this letter). The clerk might ask if it is 'συστημένο' (registered). Understanding these collocations helps in building natural-sounding sentences. In the plural, τα γράμματα also refers to the academic world. 'Σπούδασε τα ιερά γράμματα' means he studied theology or sacred texts. This breadth of usage—from a child's ABCs to the heights of academia—makes it a versatile noun for any learner's repertoire.
Πρέπει να μάθεις κάθε γράμμα της αλφαβήτου πριν αρχίσεις να διαβάζεις λέξεις.
In the modern Greek world, you will hear γράμμα in a variety of everyday scenarios. Despite the prevalence of instant messaging, the term is far from obsolete. At the post office (ταχυδρομείο), it is the primary word used for mail. You might hear a postal worker ask, 'Είναι γράμμα ή δέμα;' (Is it a letter or a parcel?). In schools across Greece, from the first day of kindergarten, children are introduced to 'τα γράμματα'. A common phrase parents say to their children is 'Μάθε γράμματα για να πας μπροστά στη ζωή' (Learn letters/get an education so you can move forward in life). This highlights the word's deep connection to the concept of social mobility through education. You will also hear it in the context of games, such as 'Κρεμάλα' (Hangman), where players must guess a γράμμα to save the character. In television game shows or crossword puzzles, the host will often say, 'Δώσε μου ένα γράμμα' (Give me a letter).
- The Post Office
- The most literal place to hear the word. 'Πού είναι το γραμματοκιβώτιο;' (Where is the letterbox?).
- Academic Circles
- Discussions about 'άνθρωποι των γραμμάτων και των τεχνών' (people of letters and arts).
Ο ταχυδρόμος άφησε ένα γράμμα κάτω από την πόρτα.
In music and literature, γράμμα is a recurring motif. Many famous Greek songs are written as 'letters' to a loved one far away, especially in the context of 'xenitia' (living in a foreign land). Hearing the lyrics 'Σου στέλνω ένα γράμμα' (I am sending you a letter) evokes a sense of longing and personal connection. In news reports, you might hear about 'ανοιχτή επιστολή' (open letter), but in casual conversation, people will still refer to it as a 'γράμμα'. Furthermore, in legal or bureaucratic contexts, you might hear the phrase 'το γράμμα του νόμου' (the letter of the law), contrasting with 'το πνεύμα του νόμου' (the spirit of the law). This emphasizes the importance of the literal text. Even in the digital age, when people talk about font sizes or styles in a word processor, they might say 'μεγάλα γράμματα' (large letters/fonts) or 'κεφαλαία γράμματα' (capital letters). Thus, from the most mundane tasks to the most profound cultural expressions, the word γράμμα is omnipresent in the Greek-speaking world.
Μην γράφεις με τόσο μικρά γράμματα, δεν βλέπω τίποτα!
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning γράμμα is related to its grammatical gender. Since 'letter' in English is neutral, learners often correctly identify it as neuter in Greek (το γράμμα), but they fail to apply the correct plural form. They might try to say 'τα γράμμας' or 'τα γράμμοι', forgetting that neuter nouns ending in -μα have a special plural ending in -ματα. Always remember: ένα γράμμα, πολλά γράμματα. Another common error is confusing γράμμα with γραμματική. While they sound similar, γραμματική means 'grammar' (the rules of the language), whereas γράμμα is the physical character or the mail. You cannot 'send a grammar' to someone; you send a 'letter'.
- Confusing with 'Γραφείο'
- Learners sometimes mix up 'γράμμα' (letter) with 'γραφείο' (office/desk) because both start with 'γραφ-'. Remember: -μα is the thing written, -είο is the place.
Λάθος: Το γράμμα είναι του φίλος μου. Σωστό: Το γράμμα είναι του φίλου μου.
There is also the nuance between γράμμα and μήνυμα. In English, 'message' and 'letter' are distinct, but in the digital age, learners often use γράμμα to mean a text message or an email. While technically an email is an 'ηλεκτρονικό γράμμα', Greeks almost exclusively use the word 'μήνυμα' (message) or the English loanword 'email'. Using γράμμα for a WhatsApp message sounds very strange and archaic. Additionally, pay attention to the genitive case. The genitive singular is του γράμματος, not του γράμμα. This extra syllable '-τος' is vital for correct Greek. Finally, be careful with the plural τα γράμματα. While it means 'the letters', in certain contexts it means 'the alphabet' or 'education'. If you say 'Δεν ξέρει γράμματα', you aren't saying he doesn't have any letters in his hand; you are saying he is illiterate. Context is key to avoiding these misunderstandings.
Πρόσεχε: Το γράμμα (the letter) vs. Η γραμμή (the line).
While γράμμα is the most common word for a letter, there are several synonyms and related terms that offer more precision depending on the context. The most prominent alternative is επιστολή. This word is derived from the verb 'επιστέλλω' (to send to). While a γράμμα can be a scrawled note to a roommate, an επιστολή is usually formal, structured, and often official. You would send an επιστολή to a government agency or a university. Another related term is σημείωμα (note). If you are just leaving a quick 'back in 5 minutes' message, σημείωμα is more appropriate than γράμμα. For digital 'letters', the term μήνυμα (message) or ηλεκτρονική αλληλογραφία (electronic correspondence/email) is used.
- Γράμμα vs. Επιστολή
- Γράμμα is informal/general; Επιστολή is formal/official. Think 'letter' vs. 'epistle/formal communication'.
- Γράμμα vs. Χαρακτήρας
- In typography, 'χαρακτήρας' refers to the font character or glyph, while 'γράμμα' is the letter of the alphabet itself.
Έλαβα μια επίσημη επιστολή από την τράπεζα, όχι ένα απλό γράμμα.
In the context of 'characters' or 'script', you might also encounter the word γραφή (writing/script). For instance, 'η ελληνική γραφή' refers to the Greek script as a whole. If you are talking about the physical appearance of someone's writing, you use γραφικός χαρακτήρας (handwriting). When referring to the alphabet as a sequence, the word αλφάβητο is used, but the individual components are always γράμματα. In literature, the plural τα γράμματα is often synonymous with φιλολογία (philology/literary studies) or λογοτεχνία (literature). For example, 'Σχολή Φιλοσοφική και Γραμμάτων' (Faculty of Philosophy and Letters). Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the word that fits the register of your conversation, whether you are chatting with a friend or writing a formal application.
Αυτό το σημείωμα είναι πολύ σύντομο για να θεωρηθεί γράμμα.
How Formal Is It?
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Dato curioso
The word 'grammar' in English comes directly from the Greek 'grammatike techne', meaning the 'art of letters'. So every time you study grammar, you are studying the 'art of the γράμμα'.
Guía de pronunciación
- Pronouncing 'γ' as a hard English 'g'.
- Failing to tap the 'ρ'.
- Putting stress on the second syllable.
- Merging the 'μμ' into a long 'm' (it should be short in Modern Greek).
- Mispronouncing the 'α' as a schwa.
Nivel de dificultad
Very easy to recognize as it resembles 'grammar' and 'gram'.
Need to remember the double 'μμ' and the third declension neuter pattern.
Requires the 'γ' sound which can be tricky for beginners.
Clearly pronounced and common in many contexts.
Qué aprender después
Requisitos previos
Aprende después
Avanzado
Gramática que debes saber
Neuter nouns in -μα
Το γράμμα -> Του γράμματος -> Τα γράμματα.
Third Declension Stems
The stem of 'γράμμα' is 'γραμματ-', seen in 'γραμμάτων'.
Adjective Agreement
Ένα 'μεγάλο' γράμμα (neuter singular).
Article Usage
Use 'το' for singular and 'τα' for plural.
Prepositional Phrases
'Στο γράμμα' (in the letter) using 'σε' + 'το'.
Ejemplos por nivel
Αυτό είναι το γράμμα 'Α'.
This is the letter 'A'.
Neuter singular nominative.
Γράφω ένα γράμμα στη μαμά μου.
I am writing a letter to my mom.
Neuter singular accusative.
Πού είναι το γράμμα;
Where is the letter?
Neuter singular nominative.
Το γράμμα είναι στο τραπέζι.
The letter is on the table.
Neuter singular nominative.
Μαθαίνω τα γράμματα.
I am learning the letters.
Neuter plural accusative.
Ένα μικρό γράμμα.
A small letter.
Adjective-noun agreement.
Διαβάζω το γράμμα σου.
I am reading your letter.
Possessive pronoun 'σου'.
Πόσα γράμματα έχει η λέξη;
How many letters does the word have?
Interrogative 'πόσα'.
Θέλω να στείλω αυτό το γράμμα στην Αμερική.
I want to send this letter to America.
Infinitive construction 'να στείλω'.
Ο ταχυδρόμος έφερε ένα γράμμα για σένα.
The mailman brought a letter for you.
Subject 'ταχυδρόμος'.
Το γράμμα δεν έχει γραμματόσημο.
The letter doesn't have a stamp.
Negative 'δεν'.
Ξέχασα να βάλω το γράμμα στο κουτί.
I forgot to put the letter in the box.
Verb 'ξεχνώ' with infinitive.
Ποιο είναι το πρώτο γράμμα του ονόματός σου;
What is the first letter of your name?
Genitive 'του ονόματός'.
Τα γράμματα της αλφαβήτου είναι είκοσι τέσσερα.
The letters of the alphabet are twenty-four.
Neuter plural subject.
Το χρώμα του γράμματος είναι μπλε.
The color of the letter is blue.
Genitive singular 'του γράμματος'.
Έλαβα ένα γράμμα από την αδερφή μου.
I received a letter from my sister.
Preposition 'από' with accusative.
Ακολούθησε τις οδηγίες κατά γράμμα.
He followed the instructions to the letter.
Idiomatic expression 'κατά γράμμα'.
Δεν ξέρει ούτε ένα γράμμα, είναι εντελώς αγράμματος.
He doesn't know even one letter; he is completely illiterate.
Derived adjective 'αγράμματος'.
Σου έγραψα ένα μεγάλο γράμμα για να σου πω τα νέα μου.
I wrote you a long letter to tell you my news.
Indirect object 'σου'.
Πρέπει να μάθεις γράμματα για να βρεις μια καλή δουλειά.
You must learn letters (get an education) to find a good job.
Metaphorical use of 'γράμματα'.
Το γράμμα αυτό περιέχει σημαντικές πληροφορίες.
This letter contains important information.
Verb 'περιέχει'.
Μπορείς να μου διαβάσεις αυτό το γράμμα;
Can you read this letter to me?
Modal verb 'μπορείς'.
Το γράμμα χάθηκε στο ταχυδρομείο.
The letter was lost in the mail.
Passive voice 'χάθηκε'.
Έγραψε το γράμμα με κόκκινο στυλό.
He wrote the letter with a red pen.
Instrumental use of 'με'.
Είναι ένας άνθρωπος των γραμμάτων και των τεχνών.
He is a man of letters and the arts.
Genitive plural 'των γραμμάτων'.
Το γράμμα του νόμου είναι σαφές σε αυτή την περίπτωση.
The letter of the law is clear in this case.
Metaphorical 'letter of the law'.
Η αλληλογραφία τους γινόταν μέσω γραμμάτων για χρόνια.
Their correspondence was done via letters for years.
Noun 'αλληλογραφία'.
Πρέπει να προσέχουμε κάθε γράμμα της συμφωνίας.
We must pay attention to every letter of the agreement.
Emphasis on precision.
Η λέξη γράφεται με κεφαλαίο το πρώτο γράμμα.
The word is written with the first letter capitalized.
Adjective 'κεφαλαίο'.
Δεν έδωσε σημασία στο γράμμα της προειδοποίησης.
He did not pay attention to the letter of the warning.
Dative-equivalent 'στο γράμμα'.
Τα γράμματα του τίτλου είναι πολύ έντονα.
The letters of the title are very bold.
Adjective 'έντονα'.
Αυτό το γράμμα αποτελεί ιστορικό ντοκουμέντο.
This letter constitutes a historical document.
Verb 'αποτελεί'.
Η ερμηνεία του κειμένου προσκολλάται στο γράμμα και όχι στο πνεύμα.
The interpretation of the text clings to the letter and not the spirit.
Contrast between 'γράμμα' and 'πνεύμα'.
Η εξέλιξη των ελληνικών γραμμάτων υπήρξε ραγδαία τον 19ο αιώνα.
The evolution of Greek literature/letters was rapid in the 19th century.
Historical/Academic context.
Κάθε γράμμα στο χειρόγραφο ήταν προσεκτικά σχεδιασμένο.
Every letter in the manuscript was carefully designed.
Focus on calligraphy.
Η διάκριση μεταξύ των γραμμάτων είναι απαραίτητη για την ορθογραφία.
The distinction between letters is essential for spelling.
Technical linguistic context.
Το γράμμα της παραίτησης υποβλήθηκε σήμερα το πρωί.
The letter of resignation was submitted this morning.
Formal register.
Οι άνθρωποι των γραμμάτων οφείλουν να παρεμβαίνουν στην κοινωνία.
People of letters ought to intervene in society.
Sociopolitical context.
Η γραμματοσειρά αυτή έχει πολύ ιδιαίτερα γράμματα.
This font has very unique letters.
Typography terminology.
Η ανάλυση του γράμματος αποκάλυψε την ταυτότητα του αποστολέα.
The analysis of the letter revealed the sender's identity.
Genitive singular.
Η προσκόλληση στο γράμμα του νόμου μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε αδικία.
Adherence to the letter of the law can lead to injustice.
Philosophical/Legal nuance.
Η επίδραση των κλασικών γραμμάτων στον ευρωπαϊκό πολιτισμό είναι αδιαμφισβήτητη.
The influence of classical letters (literature) on European culture is indisputable.
High academic register.
Το γράμμα ως μονάδα λόγου έχει μελετηθεί εκτενώς από τους γλωσσολόγους.
The letter as a unit of speech has been studied extensively by linguists.
Scientific/Theoretical context.
Η τέχνη των γραμμάτων απαιτεί αφοσίωση και βαθιά γνώση της παράδοσης.
The art of letters (writing/literature) requires dedication and deep knowledge of tradition.
Elevated style.
Υπάρχει μια λεπτή διαφορά ανάμεσα στο γράμμα και το φθόγγο.
There is a subtle difference between the letter and the sound (phoneme).
Linguistic precision.
Το γράμμα της διαμαρτυρίας κυκλοφόρησε ευρέως στα μέσα ενημέρωσης.
The letter of protest was widely circulated in the media.
Formal public discourse.
Η παλαιογραφία ασχολείται με την ανάγνωση αρχαίων γραμμάτων.
Palaeography deals with the reading of ancient letters.
Specialized field.
Κάθε γράμμα της ιστορίας αυτής είναι ποτισμένο με πόνο.
Every letter (bit) of this story is soaked in pain.
Metaphorical/Poetic use.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
— A hollow promise or something without meaning.
Οι υποσχέσεις τους αποδείχθηκαν γράμμα κενό.
— A very important or festive day (often marked in red on calendars).
Η σημερινή μέρα είναι κόκκινο γράμμα για εμάς.
— Something very advanced or visionary.
Αυτή η τεχνολογία μοιάζει με γράμμα από το μέλλον.
— I understood your intentions (metaphorical).
Μην ανησυχείς, διάβασα το γράμμα σου και κατάλαβα.
— The humanities and the arts.
Το φεστιβάλ είναι αφιερωμένο στα γράμματα και τις τέχνες.
— In capital letters (often used for emphasis).
Γράψε το όνομά σου με κεφαλαία γράμματα.
Se confunde a menudo con
Means 'line'. Similar start, but different ending and gender (feminine).
Means 'grammar'. Often confused by English speakers due to the shared root.
Means 'script' or 'writing'. Refers to the system or style, not the individual character.
Modismos y expresiones
— Word for word; with strict adherence to the text.
Μετέφρασε το κείμενο κατά γράμμα.
Neutral— To give someone notice or fire them (slang context).
Μετά το λάθος, του έστειλαν το γράμμα.
Informal— Superficial knowledge or low-quality education.
Αυτά που λέει είναι γράμματα του γλυκού νερού.
Informal— To focus only on the surface and miss the deeper meaning.
Έμεινε στο γράμμα του κειμένου και έχασε την ουσία.
Neutral— Something mysterious or someone hard to read.
Ο χαρακτήρας του είναι γράμμα κλειστό για μένα.
Informal— Education doesn't necessarily put food on the table (cynical).
Έλεγε στον γιο του ότι τα γράμματα δεν τρώγονται.
Informal— Something futile or temporary.
Οι προσπάθειές του ήταν γράμματα στην άμμο.
Literary— A direct rebuttal or reply.
Το άρθρο του ήταν ένα γράμμα-απάντηση στις κατηγορίες.
NeutralFácil de confundir
Shared root 'γραφ-'.
A 'γραμματέας' is a person (secretary), while a 'γράμμα' is an object (letter).
Η γραμματέας έγραψε το γράμμα.
Compound word containing 'γράμμα'.
It is the 'stamp' you put on the letter, not the letter itself.
Χρειάζομαι ένα γραμματόσημο για το γράμμα.
Starts with the same three letters.
It means 'office' or 'desk', a location or furniture.
Το γράμμα είναι πάνω στο γραφείο.
Similar neuter ending in -μα.
It means 'chart' or 'graph', used in statistics/math.
Το γράφημα δείχνει την αύξηση των πωλήσεων.
Plural of γράμμα.
Can mean 'letters' or 'education/literacy'.
Ξέρει πολλά γράμματα (He is well-educated).
Patrones de oraciones
Το [noun] είναι [adjective].
Το γράμμα είναι μικρό.
Έχω ένα [noun].
Έχω ένα γράμμα.
Θέλω να [verb] ένα [noun].
Θέλω να στείλω ένα γράμμα.
Το [noun] του [noun].
Το γράμμα του πατέρα.
Αν και [verb], [verb] ένα [noun].
Αν και είναι αργά, γράφω ένα γράμμα.
Το [noun] που [verb].
Το γράμμα που έλαβες.
[Idiom] [verb].
Κατά γράμμα ακολούθησε τις οδηγίες.
Είναι [phrase].
Είναι άνθρωπος των γραμμάτων.
Familia de palabras
Sustantivos
Verbos
Adjetivos
Relacionado
Cómo usarlo
Extremely high; used daily in both literal and educational contexts.
-
Ο γράμμα
→
Το γράμμα
Learners often mistake neuter nouns for masculine. 'Γράμμα' is strictly neuter.
-
Τα γράμμας
→
Τα γράμματα
Incorrect pluralization. Neuter nouns in -μα take the -ματα ending.
-
Του γράμμα
→
Του γράμματος
The genitive case requires the -τος suffix for this noun class.
-
Στέλνω ένα γράμμα (for an email)
→
Στέλνω ένα email / μήνυμα
Using 'γράμμα' for digital messages sounds outdated in modern Greek.
-
Γράμα (single μ)
→
Γράμμα
Spelling error. The word requires two 'mu's.
Consejos
Double the M
Always remember that 'γράμμα' has two 'μ's. If you write it with one, it's a common spelling mistake.
The -τος Rule
For all nouns like γράμμα, the genitive singular always adds -τος (του γράμματος).
Education Link
Associate 'γράμματα' with 'school'. It will help you remember the metaphorical meaning of education.
Soft Gamma
Don't say 'G-ramma' like 'Go'. Say it airily, like you're clearing your throat gently.
Post Office Visit
If you are in Greece, go to the ELTA (post office) and ask for a 'γραμματόσημο' for your 'γράμμα' to practice.
Literal Meaning
Use 'κατά γράμμα' whenever you want to say someone is being too literal or following rules strictly.
Alphabet Practice
When learning the alphabet, refer to each character as a 'γράμμα' to reinforce the word.
Pen Pals
Try writing a physical 'γράμμα' to a Greek learner. The tactile experience helps memory.
Song Lyrics
Search for Greek songs with 'γράμμα' in the title. It's a very common theme in emotional songs.
Root Recognition
Look for 'gram' in English words. It almost always relates back to the Greek 'γράμμα'.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Think of a 'GRAM' of weight. A 'γράμμα' (gramma) is a 'gram' of written information. It's light enough to fit in an envelope!
Asociación visual
Imagine the Greek letter 'Γ' (Gamma) being delivered by a mailman. The 'Gamma' is the 'Gramma'!
Word Web
Desafío
Try to find 5 items in your house that have 'γράμματα' on them and say 'Αυτό το πράγμα έχει γράμματα' (This thing has letters).
Origen de la palabra
From Ancient Greek 'γράμμα' (gramma), meaning 'that which is drawn' or 'written character'. It comes from the verb 'γράφω' (grapho), which originally meant 'to scratch' or 'to engrave' (on clay or stone).
Significado original: A scratch, a line, or a written character.
Indo-European (Hellenic branch).Contexto cultural
No specific sensitivities. The word is universal and positive.
English speakers use 'letter' for both concepts too, but the plural 'letters' for 'literature/education' is more formal in English than the Greek 'γράμματα'.
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
At the Post Office
- Θέλω να στείλω ένα γράμμα.
- Πόσο κάνει το γραμματόσημο;
- Είναι συστημένο το γράμμα;
- Πού είναι το γραμματοκιβώτιο;
In the Classroom
- Γράψε το γράμμα 'Β'.
- Ποιο είναι το επόμενο γράμμα;
- Μην ξεχνάς το κεφαλαίο γράμμα.
- Πόσα γράμματα έχει η αλφάβητος;
Casual Conversation
- Έλαβες το γράμμα μου;
- Σου έγραψα ένα γράμμα.
- Δεν διαβάζονται τα γράμματά σου.
- Ήρθε ο ταχυδρόμος με ένα γράμμα.
Legal/Formal
- Τήρησε το γράμμα του νόμου.
- Η επιστολή είναι επίσημη.
- Υπογράψτε το γράμμα.
- Το γράμμα της συμφωνίας.
Literature/Arts
- Είναι άνθρωπος των γραμμάτων.
- Τα ελληνικά γράμματα.
- Η τέχνη του γράμματος.
- Τα ιερά γράμματα.
Inicios de conversación
"Πότε ήταν η τελευταία φορά που έγραψες ένα γράμμα με το χέρι;"
"Ποιο είναι το αγαπημένο σου γράμμα στο ελληνικό αλφάβητο;"
"Πιστεύεις ότι τα γράμματα είναι πιο σημαντικά από τα email;"
"Έχεις λάβει ποτέ ένα γράμμα που σου άλλαξε τη ζωή;"
"Ποιο γράμμα δυσκολεύεσαι περισσότερο να προφέρεις στα ελληνικά;"
Temas para diario
Γράψε ένα γράμμα στον μελλοντικό σου εαυτό για το πώς μαθαίνεις ελληνικά.
Περίγραψε το πρώτο γράμμα που έλαβες ποτέ από έναν φίλο.
Γιατί είναι σημαντικό για τα παιδιά να μαθαίνουν γράμματα από μικρή ηλικία;
Αν ήσουν ένα γράμμα της αλφαβήτου, ποιο θα ήσουν και γιατί;
Σκέψου μια ιστορία που ξεκινάει με ένα μυστηριώδες γράμμα στην πόρτα σου.
Preguntas frecuentes
10 preguntasWhile you can say 'ηλεκτρονικό γράμμα', it is very rare. Most Greeks use 'email' or 'μήνυμα' (message).
The plural is 'τα γράμματα'. Neuter nouns in -μα always end in -ματα in the plural.
The expression is 'κατά γράμμα'. It is used exactly like the English idiom.
No, it depends on context. In 'τα γράμματα της αλφαβήτου', it means alphabet characters. In 'έμαθε γράμματα', it means education.
It is neuter (το γράμμα). This is common for nouns ending in -μα derived from verbs.
Only if you are being formal. For a letter to a friend or a character of the alphabet, 'γράμμα' is much better.
Yes, but 'σημείωμα' is more specific for a short, informal note.
It is 'των γραμμάτων'. The accent moves to the 'α' (the penult).
It is 'άνθρωπος των γραμμάτων', referring to an intellectual or writer.
Yes, 'grammar' comes from the Greek 'grammatike', which is the study of 'grammata' (letters).
Ponte a prueba 180 preguntas
Write a sentence using 'γράμμα' and 'ταχυδρομείο'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I am learning the letters of the alphabet.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write the plural form of 'το γράμμα'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Use the idiom 'κατά γράμμα' in a sentence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about a 'κεφαλαίο γράμμα'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'The letter is on the desk.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Explain 'άνθρωπος των γραμμάτων' in your own words.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write the genitive singular of 'το γράμμα'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I received a letter from my friend.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'γράμματα' to mean education.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'What is the last letter?'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence with 'συστημένο γράμμα'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'He is illiterate.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence with 'γράμμα του νόμου'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I am writing a letter to Santa Claus.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence with 'γραμματόσημο'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'The letters are small.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'επιστολή'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'The color of the letter.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a short note (σημείωμα) that isn't a γράμμα.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say 'I am writing a letter' in Greek.
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Ask 'Where is the mailbox?'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'The first letter is Alpha.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Pronounce 'γράμματα' correctly.
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'I received your letter.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Ask 'How many letters are there?'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'He followed the rules to the letter.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'I need a stamp.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'He is a man of letters.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'Capital letter, please.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'I don't know letters' (metaphorical).
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Ask 'Is the letter registered?'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'The letter of the law.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'I am writing a letter to my sister.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'The letters are blue.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'I lost the letter.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Ask 'What is this letter?'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'Open the letter.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'I'm reading your letter.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Say 'It's a secret letter.'
Read this aloud:
Dijiste:
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Listen and write: 'Το γράμμα είναι στο τραπέζι.'
Listen and write: 'Θέλω δύο γραμματόσημα.'
Listen and write: 'Μάθε γράμματα, παιδί μου.'
Listen and write: 'Ποιο είναι το τελευταίο γράμμα;'
Listen and write: 'Έλαβα ένα συστημένο γράμμα.'
Listen and write: 'Τα γράμματα είναι κεφαλαία.'
Listen and write: 'Το γράμμα του νόμου.'
Listen and write: 'Πού είναι ο ταχυδρόμος;'
Listen and write: 'Γράψε το γράμμα 'Γ'.'
Listen and write: 'Είναι άνθρωπος των γραμμάτων.'
Listen and write: 'Το γράμμα χάθηκε.'
Listen and write: 'Κατά γράμμα.'
Listen and write: 'Ένα γράμμα για σένα.'
Listen and write: 'Πόσα γράμματα έχει η λέξη;'
Listen and write: 'Η γραμματοσειρά είναι ωραία.'
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'γράμμα' is the essential Greek term for both a character and a letter. Remember its neuter gender and its plural 'γράμματα', which culturally signifies education. Example: 'Σου έστειλα ένα γράμμα' (I sent you a letter).
- A 'γράμμα' is primarily a letter of the alphabet or a piece of mail sent in an envelope.
- The plural form 'γράμματα' is often used to refer to education, literacy, or the world of literature.
- It is a neuter noun following the -μα/-ματος pattern, which is common for Greek words derived from verbs.
- Commonly heard at the post office, in schools, and used in idioms like 'κατά γράμμα' meaning 'literally'.
Double the M
Always remember that 'γράμμα' has two 'μ's. If you write it with one, it's a common spelling mistake.
The -τος Rule
For all nouns like γράμμα, the genitive singular always adds -τος (του γράμματος).
Education Link
Associate 'γράμματα' with 'school'. It will help you remember the metaphorical meaning of education.
Soft Gamma
Don't say 'G-ramma' like 'Go'. Say it airily, like you're clearing your throat gently.
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