Esta página en tu idioma

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A1 adjective #939 más común 15 min de lectura

sour

Top 939

At the A1 level, 'sour' is a very simple word used to describe how some foods taste. Think about a lemon. When you eat a lemon, your mouth feels sharp and you might make a funny face. That taste is 'sour.' We also use it for things like limes or some green apples. You can say, 'The lemon is sour.' It is one of the first taste words you learn, along with 'sweet,' 'salty,' and 'bitter.' Another important use for A1 learners is talking about milk. If milk is old and smells bad, we say it is 'sour.' You should not drink sour milk because it can make you sick. So, 'sour' means a sharp taste like a lemon or old milk that has gone bad. It is an adjective, so it describes a noun. You can use it before a noun, like 'a sour fruit,' or after a verb like 'is' or 'tastes,' like 'This candy tastes sour.' Practice using it when you go to the grocery store or when you are eating different fruits. It is a very common and useful word for beginners to know.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'sour' in more sentences and contexts. You already know it describes the taste of lemons and spoiled milk. Now, you can also use it to describe other foods like yogurt, vinegar, or pickles. These foods are 'sour' in a good way! You might say, 'I like the sour taste of this yogurt.' You can also use 'sour' to describe a person's face or mood. If someone looks unhappy or grumpy, you can say they have a 'sour face.' For example, 'He had a sour look on his face because he didn't like the food.' This means he looked like he just ate something sour, even if he didn't. You can also use the phrase 'go sour.' If milk 'goes sour,' it becomes bad. 'The milk went sour because I left it on the table.' This level is about expanding from just the taste of fruit to describing people's expressions and the process of food becoming spoiled. Remember that 'sour' is an adjective, and you can use adverbs like 'very' or 'a bit' to describe how sour something is, such as 'This apple is a bit sour.'

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'sour' for both literal and metaphorical meanings. Literally, you can describe complex flavors in cooking. For example, 'The chef added vinegar to give the sauce a sour kick.' You also learn more about the process of fermentation, like in 'sourdough bread,' which has a 'sour' taste because of the way it is made. Metaphorically, 'sour' is often used to describe relationships or situations that become bad. If two friends start fighting, you can say, 'Their friendship turned sour.' This means it was good before, but now it is unpleasant. You can also use it for business deals or plans. 'The deal went sour when they couldn't agree on the money.' You might also encounter the idiom 'sour grapes.' This is used when someone says they don't want something just because they can't have it. For example, 'She says she didn't want the job anyway, but I think it's just sour grapes.' At this level, you are moving beyond simple descriptions and using 'sour' to talk about more abstract ideas like feelings, social connections, and complex human behaviors.

At the B2 level, you can use 'sour' with more precision and in more formal or professional contexts. You understand the difference between 'sour,' 'tart,' and 'tangy.' While 'sour' can be negative (like spoiled milk), 'tart' and 'tangy' are usually positive ways to describe acidity in food. You can use 'sour' to describe a wider range of negative outcomes. For instance, in finance, 'sour loans' are loans that are not being paid back. In politics, you might read that 'relations between the two countries have soured significantly.' Here, 'sour' is used as a verb (to sour). This is a more advanced grammatical use. You can also use it to describe a specific type of atmosphere or environment. 'There was a sour atmosphere in the office after the layoffs were announced.' This implies a mix of resentment, sadness, and tension. You should also be able to use 'sour' in more complex sentence structures, such as 'The experience left a sour taste in my mouth,' which means the experience left you with a bad feeling or a negative impression that lasts. At B2, 'sour' becomes a versatile tool for describing not just tastes, but the nuanced decline of quality in various aspects of life.

At the C1 level, you use 'sour' and its derivatives to express subtle nuances in literature, social commentary, and high-level discourse. You might use the adjective 'acerbic' as a more sophisticated synonym for a 'sour' way of speaking. You understand how 'sourness' can be a thematic element in a story, representing a character's disillusionment or the decay of a society. For example, you might analyze a text by saying, 'The author uses the sour smell of the city to symbolize the moral corruption of its inhabitants.' You are also familiar with the verb form 'to sour' in various tenses and voices: 'The investment was soured by the sudden market crash.' You can use 'sour' to describe very specific sensory experiences, like the 'sour, metallic taste of fear' or a 'sour wind' that feels sharp and unpleasant. You also recognize the word in technical fields, such as 'sour gas' in the petroleum industry. Your use of the word is no longer just about lemons; it is about using a sensory metaphor to provide deep, evocative descriptions of complex emotional, social, and physical states. You can also discuss the etymology of the word and how it relates to 'acid' and other linguistic roots.

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'sour' in all its literal, metaphorical, and technical applications. You can use it with effortless precision in any register, from casual slang to academic writing. You might use it to describe a 'sour' philosophical outlook, where a person views the world with inherent cynicism and resentment. You can appreciate and use the word in complex wordplay or puns. You understand the historical development of the word from its Germanic roots and how its meaning has shifted and expanded over centuries. In a culinary critique, you might discuss the 'balance of acidity and sweetness' without even using the word 'sour,' but then use 'sour' specifically to denote a flaw in the fermentation process. You are also aware of very rare or archaic uses of the word. You can use 'sour' to describe the 'sourness of the soul' in a poetic context. Your understanding is so deep that you can use the word to evoke a specific visceral reaction in your reader or listener, choosing it over synonyms like 'acidic' or 'tart' because of its specific phonetic qualities and its long history of emotional associations. At this level, 'sour' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a versatile instrument in your linguistic repertoire.

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

sour en 30 segundos

Sour is a primary taste associated with acidity, commonly found in lemons and vinegar, causing a sharp, puckering sensation in the mouth.
It is a key indicator of food spoilage, especially in dairy products like milk, where it signals bacterial fermentation and potential danger.
Metaphorically, the word describes negative human emotions, such as a grumpy mood, a resentful personality, or a relationship that has become hostile.
In various industries, 'sour' has technical meanings, such as 'sour gas' in petroleum or 'sour loans' in finance, indicating undesirable or non-performing states.

The word sour is a fundamental sensory descriptor that primarily identifies one of the five basic tastes perceived by the human tongue. At its most basic level, sourness is the detection of acidity. When you bite into a lemon or a lime, the sharp, puckering sensation you experience is the quintessential definition of sour. This physical reaction occurs because the hydrogen ions in acidic substances trigger specific receptors on your taste buds. In the culinary world, sourness is a vital tool for balance; chefs use acidic ingredients like vinegar, citrus juice, or fermented products to cut through fat, brighten heavy flavors, and provide a refreshing contrast to sweetness. However, the utility of the word extends far beyond the kitchen. It serves as a critical biological warning system. In nature, a sour taste often indicates that a fruit is not yet ripe or, more dangerously, that food has begun to decompose due to bacterial activity. This is why we describe milk that has gone past its expiration date as having 'gone sour.' The smell and taste become sharp and unpleasant, signaling that it is no longer safe to consume. Beyond the physical realm, 'sour' is frequently employed as a powerful metaphor for human emotions and social interactions. When a person has a 'sour' expression, they look unhappy, disappointed, or resentful. If a friendship or a business deal 'turns sour,' it means the relationship has moved from being positive and productive to being bitter, hostile, or unsuccessful. This transition from a physical sensation to an emotional state is a common feature of the English language, where the body's reaction to an unpleasant taste is used to describe an unpleasant experience or personality trait.

Primary Taste: The sharp, acidic flavor found in lemons, limes, and vinegar that causes the mouth to pucker.
Spoilage Indicator: A term used to describe food, particularly dairy, that has fermented or rotted, becoming unsafe to eat.
Emotional Metaphor: A description of a person's mood or a situation that has become unpleasant, bitter, or resentful.

The lemonade was far too sour because I forgot to add the sugar.

I knew the milk was sour the moment I opened the carton and smelled that sharp odor.

He had a sour look on his face after losing the championship game.

Their partnership started well, but things quickly went sour over money issues.

The green apples were crisp and sour, perfect for baking a tart pie.

Furthermore, the concept of sourness is deeply embedded in various cultural practices. For instance, sourdough bread relies on a 'sour' starter—a fermented mixture of flour and water containing wild yeast and lactobacilli. This fermentation process creates lactic acid, giving the bread its characteristic tangy flavor and chewy texture. In many Asian cuisines, 'sour' is a key component of the flavor profile, often achieved through tamarind, calamansi, or various types of vinegar. The word also appears in scientific contexts, particularly chemistry, where it is associated with acids. Historically, the word 'acid' itself comes from the Latin 'acidus,' meaning sour. In everyday conversation, you might hear someone say they are 'sour grapes' about something. This idiom, originating from Aesop's Fables, describes a person who disparages something they want but cannot have, pretending it is undesirable. This illustrates how the word 'sour' captures a complex range of human experiences, from the simple act of eating a piece of fruit to the intricate psychological defenses we use to protect our egos. Whether you are discussing the chemistry of a solution, the freshness of your groceries, the flavor profile of a gourmet meal, or the state of a failing relationship, 'sour' provides a precise and evocative way to communicate the presence of sharpness, acidity, or bitterness in both the physical and social worlds.

Using the word sour effectively requires understanding its grammatical role as an adjective and its various semantic applications. Most commonly, it functions as a predicative adjective following a linking verb like 'is,' 'tastes,' 'smells,' or 'becomes.' For example, 'The milk is sour' or 'This candy tastes sour.' It can also be used as an attributive adjective directly before a noun, such as 'a sour lemon' or 'a sour mood.' When describing taste, it is important to distinguish 'sour' from 'bitter.' While both can be unpleasant, 'sour' is the taste of acids (like citrus), whereas 'bitter' is the taste of bases or certain alkaloids (like coffee or dark chocolate). In sentence construction, you can intensify the word with adverbs like 'extremely,' 'unpleasantly,' or 'slightly.' For instance, 'The vinegar was unpleasantly sour.' When using the word metaphorically to describe situations or relationships, the phrase 'go sour' or 'turn sour' is a standard collocation. 'The negotiations went sour after the two parties couldn't agree on the price.' This implies a change in state from positive to negative. You can also use 'sour' to describe a person's temperament or facial expression. 'She gave him a sour look' suggests a face contorted by dislike or disapproval, much like the face one makes when eating something acidic. In technical or culinary writing, 'sour' might be used to describe specific processes, like 'sour mash' in whiskey production or 'sour cream' in dairy. Understanding these patterns allows for precise communication across different contexts.

Describing Food: Used to identify the acidic flavor of fresh ingredients or the off-putting taste of spoiled items.
Describing People: Used to characterize someone who is habitually grumpy, pessimistic, or currently showing disapproval.
Describing Events: Used to indicate that a situation, relationship, or deal has become unsuccessful or unpleasant.

The sour cherries were too tart to eat raw, so we made them into a sweet jam.

Don't drink that; the milk has turned sour in the heat.

He has a sour disposition and rarely smiles at his colleagues.

The deal went sour when the hidden costs were finally revealed.

The yogurt has a pleasantly sour tang that pairs well with honey.

In more advanced usage, 'sour' can be part of complex phrasal structures. For example, 'to leave a sour taste in one's mouth' is a common idiom meaning to leave a bad impression or a feeling of regret after an experience. 'The way the company treated its employees left a sour taste in my mouth.' Here, the physical sensation of a bad taste is used to describe a lingering moral or emotional dissatisfaction. Another nuance is the use of 'sour' in the context of finance, such as 'sour loans' or 'sour assets,' referring to investments that are no longer performing or have lost value. In literature, an author might describe a 'sour wind' to evoke a sense of cold, biting, and unpleasant weather, using the word to appeal to multiple senses simultaneously. When writing, consider the register: 'sour' is a versatile word that fits comfortably in casual conversation, journalistic reporting, and formal literature. Its ability to bridge the gap between literal sensory experience and abstract conceptual states makes it an indispensable part of the English lexicon. By mastering its various forms—from the literal description of a lime to the metaphorical description of a failed romance—you can add depth and clarity to your descriptions, ensuring your audience understands exactly the type of 'sharpness' or 'unpleasantness' you are conveying.

The word sour is ubiquitous in daily life, appearing in contexts ranging from the mundane to the highly specialized. You will most frequently encounter it in the kitchen and at the grocery store. Parents often warn children about 'sour candies' that might make them pucker their faces, while grocery shoppers check the dates on milk cartons to avoid 'sour milk.' In restaurants, servers might describe a cocktail as having a 'sour' profile, usually indicating the presence of lemon or lime juice, such as in a Whiskey Sour or a Pisco Sour. Culinary shows and cookbooks use the term constantly to describe the balance of flavors, often pairing 'sour' with 'sweet,' 'salty,' 'bitter,' and 'umami.' Beyond the world of food, 'sour' is a staple in news and media, particularly when reporting on conflict or failure. A news anchor might report that 'diplomatic relations have turned sour' following a border dispute, or a sports commentator might note the 'sour mood' in the locker room after a devastating loss. In these instances, the word quickly communicates a shift toward hostility or disappointment. You'll also hear it in casual social settings. If a friend is being unusually grumpy or cynical, someone might ask, 'Why are you in such a sour mood today?' or describe them as a 'sourpuss.' This informal usage highlights how the word has become a shorthand for negative temperament.

In the Kitchen: Discussing ingredients like lemons, vinegar, yogurt, and sourdough bread.
In Business & News: Describing failed deals, declining stock markets, or deteriorating international relations.
In Social Interactions: Describing someone's bad mood, a negative facial expression, or a feeling of resentment.

The bartender recommended the whiskey sour for those who like a tangy drink.

Relations between the two companies turned sour after the contract dispute.

Stop being such a sourpuss and try to enjoy the party!

The sour smell of the old sponges meant it was time to throw them away.

The movie ended on a sour note, leaving the audience feeling depressed.

In addition to these common areas, 'sour' appears in specialized fields. In environmental science, 'sour gas' refers to natural gas that contains significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic and has a foul odor. In finance, as mentioned before, 'sour' can describe bad debts. Even in the world of beauty and skincare, you might hear about 'acidic' or 'sour' pH levels of products designed to match the skin's natural protective barrier. The word's versatility is also evident in pop culture, from song lyrics describing 'sour times' to movie titles. Its ability to evoke a physical reaction—the involuntary squint of the eyes and the tightening of the mouth—makes it a powerful tool for storytellers and communicators. When you hear the word, your brain immediately connects it to a specific, sharp sensation, which is why it is so effective at conveying negative emotions or failed outcomes. Whether you are reading a recipe, listening to the evening news, or chatting with a friend about their day, 'sour' is a word that bridges the gap between our physical senses and our complex social and emotional lives, making it a vital component of fluent English communication.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with the word sour is confusing it with 'bitter.' While both are basic tastes and can be perceived as unpleasant, they are chemically and experientially distinct. 'Sour' is the taste of acids, like those found in lemons, limes, and vinegar. It typically causes a puckering sensation in the mouth. 'Bitter,' on the other hand, is the taste of bases or certain organic compounds, found in things like coffee, dark chocolate, kale, or tonic water. It is often perceived at the back of the tongue and does not cause the same puckering reaction. Using 'bitter' when you mean 'sour' (e.g., 'This lemon is so bitter') sounds incorrect to a native speaker. Another common error involves the misuse of 'sour' when describing spoiled food. While 'sour' is perfect for milk or wine that has turned to vinegar, it isn't usually used for meat or vegetables that have rotted; for those, words like 'rancid,' 'rotten,' or 'spoiled' are more appropriate. 'Sour' specifically implies a sharp, acidic change due to fermentation or specific bacterial growth. Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the metaphorical use of 'sour.' For example, saying someone has a 'sour heart' is less common than saying they have a 'bitter heart' or a 'sour disposition.' 'Sour' usually describes a person's outward mood or expression ('a sour face'), whereas 'bitter' often describes a deep-seated, long-term resentment.

Sour vs. Bitter: Sour is for acids (lemons); Bitter is for bases (coffee). Don't swap them!
Spoilage Nuances: Use 'sour' for milk and wine, but use 'rancid' for fats/oils and 'rotten' for meat/produce.
Idiomatic Precision: Remember that 'sour grapes' refers to feigned dislike, not just being in a bad mood.

Incorrect: This coffee is too sour. (Unless it's actually acidic, you probably mean bitter.)

Incorrect: The meat smells sour. (Better: The meat smells rotten.)

Correct: He was sour grapes about not getting the promotion.

Correct: The milk has gone sour because it was left out overnight.

Correct: I love the sour taste of green apples.

Grammatically, 'sour' is sometimes confused with its adverbial form 'sourly.' While you can say 'The milk tasted sour' (using an adjective after a linking verb), you must say 'He looked sourly at the mess' if you are describing the manner in which he looked. Another subtle mistake is overusing 'sour' for all types of acidity. In culinary contexts, 'tangy' or 'tart' are often used as more positive alternatives. 'Sour' can sometimes carry a negative connotation, especially when referring to spoilage. For example, describing a gourmet balsamic vinegar as 'sour' might be technically true but less descriptive than calling it 'tart' or 'acidic.' Finally, be careful with the phrase 'sour cream.' It is a specific product name and shouldn't be used interchangeably with 'cream that has gone sour,' which would be spoiled and inedible. By paying attention to these distinctions—taste vs. chemical property, spoilage types, and metaphorical nuances—you can avoid common pitfalls and use 'sour' with the precision of a native speaker.

While sour is the most common word for this taste, English offers a variety of synonyms and related terms that provide more specific nuances. Understanding these alternatives allows you to describe flavors and moods with greater precision. For example, 'tart' is often used for a pleasant, sharp sourness, such as in berries or green apples. It carries a more positive, culinary connotation than 'sour.' 'Tangy' is another positive alternative, suggesting a bright, refreshing acidity often found in citrus or fermented foods like yogurt. If something is extremely sour, you might describe it as 'acidic' or 'sharp.' In a scientific or technical context, 'acidic' is the preferred term. When describing spoiled food, 'rancid' is used for fats and oils that have gone bad, while 'putrid' or 'rotten' is used for decaying organic matter. For moods and personalities, 'bitter' is a close relative but implies a deeper, more long-lasting resentment. 'Acerbic' describes a sharp, biting way of speaking, often combined with wit. 'Sullen' or 'morose' can describe a sour mood that is characterized by silence and gloominess. By choosing the right word, you can convey the exact degree of sharpness or unpleasantness you intend.

Tart: A pleasant, sharp taste, often used for fruits and desserts. (e.g., a tart cherry pie)
Tangy: A sharp, refreshing, and often spicy or zesty flavor. (e.g., a tangy barbecue sauce)
Acidic: A technical term for substances with a low pH; implies a strong, sharp chemical presence.

The tartness of the cranberries balanced the sweetness of the turkey.

I love the tangy flavor of fresh Greek yogurt.

His acerbic wit made him a formidable debater but a difficult friend.

The soil here is too acidic for these types of flowers to grow.

She was bitter about the way her career had ended.

When comparing 'sour' to its opposites, 'sweet' is the most direct antonym in the context of taste. A common culinary technique is to balance sourness with sweetness, as seen in lemonade or sweet and sour chicken. In terms of mood, 'sweet' or 'cheerful' are appropriate opposites. Another interesting comparison is with 'savory' or 'umami.' While 'sour' is sharp and high-toned, 'savory' is deep and earthy. In the context of spoilage, 'fresh' is the obvious opposite. Understanding these relationships helps you navigate the spectrum of flavors and emotions. For instance, if a wine is described as 'crisp,' it usually means it has a pleasant, light acidity (sourness) that feels refreshing. If it's described as 'flat,' it lacks that necessary acidity. By expanding your vocabulary beyond the basic word 'sour,' you can more accurately describe the world around you, whether you're critiquing a meal, describing a friend's personality, or explaining a scientific process. The richness of the English language lies in these subtle distinctions, and mastering them is a key step toward true fluency.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

Neutral

Informal

Child friendly

Jerga

Dato curioso

The word 'sour' is related to the word 'sorrel,' which is a plant known for its sour, lemony leaves. Both words trace back to the same root meaning 'acidic.'

Guía de pronunciación

UK /ˈsaʊ.ər/

US /ˈsaʊ.ɚ/

The stress is on the first (and only) syllable, though it can sound like two syllables (sa-wer).

Rima con

power flower hour tower shower our scour devour

Errores comunes

Pronouncing it like 'soar' (to fly).
Pronouncing it like 'sewer' (waste pipe).
Making the 'ou' sound too much like 'oh'.
Dropping the 'r' sound completely in rhotic accents.
Over-emphasizing the 'w' sound in the middle.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 1/5

The word is short and common in basic texts.

Escritura 2/5

Easy to spell, but metaphorical uses require some practice.

Expresión oral 2/5

Pronunciation is generally easy, though the 'ou' sound can vary.

Escucha 1/5

Very distinct sound, rarely confused with other common words.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

taste lemon milk bad face

Aprende después

bitter acidic fermented resentful disposition

Avanzado

acerbic sardonic astringent vinegary tartness

Gramática que debes saber

Adjectives after linking verbs

The milk (subject) tastes (linking verb) sour (adjective).

Using 'go' or 'turn' to show change

The milk went sour. The relationship turned sour.

Adverb formation with -ly

He looked at me sourly.

Noun formation with -ness

The sourness of the lemon was intense.

Compound nouns

Sour cream, sourdough, sourpuss.

Ejemplos por nivel

The lemon is very sour.

Le citron est très acide.

Adjective after the linking verb 'is'.

I do not like sour candy.

Je n'aime pas les bonbons acidulés.

Adjective before the noun 'candy'.

This milk tastes sour.

Ce lait a un goût de tourné.

Adjective after the sensory verb 'tastes'.

Is the apple sour?

L'apple est-elle acide ?

Question form using the verb 'to be'.

She made a sour face.

Elle a fait une grimace.

Adjective describing a facial expression.

The yogurt is a bit sour.

Le yaourt est un peu acide.

Modified by the adverbial phrase 'a bit'.

Sour fruit is good for you.

Les fruits acides sont bons pour la santé.

Adjective used in a general statement.

The lime is green and sour.

Le citron vert est vert et acide.

Two adjectives joined by 'and'.

The milk went sour because it was hot.

Le lait a tourné parce qu'il faisait chaud.

The phrase 'went sour' indicates a change in state.

He has a sour mood today.

Il est de mauvaise humeur aujourd'hui.

Metaphorical use describing a temporary emotional state.

I use vinegar to make the salad sour.

J'utilise du vinaigre pour rendre la salade acide.

Used as an object complement after 'make'.

The pickles are very sour and salty.

Les cornichons sont très acides et salés.

Describing two distinct taste qualities.

Why do you have such a sour look?

Pourquoi as-tu cet air si maussade ?

Used with 'such a' for emphasis.

The grapes were sour, so I didn't eat them.

Les raisins étaient acides, donc je ne les ai pas mangés.

Compound sentence showing cause and effect.

The soup became sour after two days.

La soupe est devenue acide après deux jours.

The verb 'became' shows a transition over time.

I don't like sour cream on my potato.

Je n'aime pas la crème aigre sur ma pomme de terre.

Part of a compound noun 'sour cream'.

Their relationship turned sour after the argument.

Leur relation s'est dégradée après la dispute.

Metaphorical use of 'turned sour' for relationships.

He said he didn't want the prize, but it's just sour grapes.

Il a dit qu'il ne voulait pas du prix, mais c'est juste du dépit.

Use of the common idiom 'sour grapes'.

The sourdough bread has a unique, sour flavor.

Le pain au levain a une saveur acide unique.

Describing a specific culinary product.

The deal went sour when the bank refused the loan.

L'affaire a capoté quand la banque a refusé le prêt.

Describing a failed business transaction.

The milk smells slightly sour; we should throw it out.

Le lait sent légèrement le tourné ; nous devrions le jeter.

Modified by the adverb 'slightly'.

She gave a sour response to my suggestion.

Elle a donné une réponse acerbe à ma suggestion.

Describing a verbal reaction.

The atmosphere in the room turned sour very quickly.

L'ambiance dans la pièce est devenue pesante très rapidement.

Describing the 'mood' of a place.

I prefer tart cherries to the very sour ones.

Je préfère les cerises acidulées aux cerises très acides.

Comparing 'sour' with its synonym 'tart'.

The experience left a sour taste in my mouth.

L'expérience m'a laissé un goût amer.

Idiomatic expression for a lingering bad impression.

Relations between the neighbors soured over the fence dispute.

Les relations entre les voisins se sont envenimées à cause du litige sur la clôture.

Using 'sour' as a verb in the past tense.

The company is struggling with a portfolio of sour loans.

L'entreprise est aux prises avec un portefeuille de prêts douteux.

Technical financial usage for non-performing assets.

His sour disposition makes it hard for him to keep friends.

Son tempérament acariâtre fait qu'il lui est difficile de garder des amis.

Describing a long-term personality trait.

The wine had a sour finish that ruined the meal.

Le vin avait une fin de bouche acide qui a gâché le repas.

Culinary description of the 'aftertaste'.

Economic conditions have soured the mood of the investors.

Les conditions économiques ont refroidi l'humeur des investisseurs.

Transitive verb use: 'soured the mood'.

The movie's ending was a bit of a sour note for an otherwise great film.

La fin du film était une fausse note pour un film par ailleurs excellent.

Metaphorical use of 'sour note' for a disappointing conclusion.

The fermentation process gives the cabbage its sour tang.

Le processus de fermentation donne au chou son piquant acide.

Describing a chemical/culinary process.

His acerbic wit was often mistaken for a sour personality.

Son esprit acerbe était souvent confondu avec une personnalité acariâtre.

Contrasting 'sour' with a more sophisticated synonym.

The negotiations were soured by a lack of transparency.

Les négociations ont été gâchées par un manque de transparence.

Passive voice construction of the verb 'to sour'.

A sour wind blew across the desolate moor.

Un vent cinglant soufflait sur la lande désolée.

Literary use of 'sour' to describe weather.

The milk of human kindness had long since soured in his heart.

Le lait de la bonté humaine avait tourné depuis longtemps dans son cœur.

Literary allusion (to Shakespeare) using 'sour' metaphorically.

The industry must deal with the environmental impact of sour gas.

L'industrie doit faire face à l'impact environnemental du gaz acide.

Highly technical term in the energy sector.

The project ended on a sour note, leaving many questions unanswered.

Le projet s'est terminé sur une note amère, laissant de nombreuses questions sans réponse.

Describing the final phase of a complex process.

The sourness of the unripe berries was almost overwhelming.

L'acidité des baies pas mûres était presque insupportable.

Using the noun form 'sourness'.

She looked sourly at the intruder who had interrupted her work.

Elle regarda d'un air maussade l'intrus qui avait interrompu son travail.

Using the adverbial form 'sourly'.

The philosopher's later works are characterized by a sour cynicism.

Les dernières œuvres du philosophe sont caractérisées par un cynisme amer.

Describing a complex intellectual tone.

The pervasive sense of failure had soured the very air of the town.

Le sentiment omniprésent d'échec avait vicié l'air même de la ville.

Highly metaphorical and evocative verb usage.

The wine's acidity was not balanced, resulting in a sour, unrefined palate.

L'acidité du vin n'était pas équilibrée, ce qui donnait un palais acide et non raffiné.

Precise culinary/enological critique.

The political discourse has soured to the point of being toxic.

Le discours politique s'est envenimé au point de devenir toxique.

Describing the degradation of social communication.

He viewed his former colleagues with a sour, resentful eye.

Il regardait ses anciens collègues d'un œil amer et rancunier.

Using 'sour' to modify the perspective or 'eye'.

The betrayal soured his memories of what had been a happy childhood.

La trahison a gâché ses souvenirs de ce qui avait été une enfance heureuse.

Describing the retrospective alteration of emotions.

The sour mash process is essential for creating this specific bourbon.

Le processus de moût acide est essentiel pour créer ce bourbon spécifique.

Technical term in spirits production.

Her expression was not just angry, but profoundly sour, as if life itself offended her.

Son expression n'était pas seulement colérique, mais profondément amère, comme si la vie elle-même l'offensait.

Using 'sour' to describe an existential state.

Sinónimos

acidic tart sharp vinegary tangy acid

Antónimos

sweet sugary mellow

Colocaciones comunes

sour milk

go sour

turn sour

sour cream

sour face

sour grapes

sour note

sour taste

sour mood

sour smell

Frases Comunes

Whiskey Sour

Sweet and sour

Sour patch

Sour mash

Sour dough

Sour gas

Sour cherry

Sour pickles

Sour look

Sour disposition

Se confunde a menudo con

sour vs bitter

Bitter is the taste of coffee or dark chocolate; sour is the taste of lemons.

sour vs acidic

Acidic is more technical; sour is more common and sensory.

sour vs tart

Tart is usually a pleasant sourness; sour can be negative (spoiled).

Modismos y expresiones

"Sour grapes"

Pretending to dislike something you want but cannot have.

He said the promotion wasn't worth it anyway, but that's just sour grapes.

Common

"Leave a sour taste in one's mouth"

To leave a bad impression or a feeling of regret after an experience.

The way the company fired its staff left a sour taste in everyone's mouth.

Common

"Go sour"

To become unsuccessful, unpleasant, or hostile.

Their business partnership went sour after only six months.

Common

"End on a sour note"

To finish an event or experience in an unhappy or disappointing way.

The holiday ended on a sour note when we lost our luggage.

Common

"Sourpuss"

A person who is habitually grumpy or unhappy.

Don't be such a sourpuss; it's a beautiful day!

Informal

"The milk of human kindness has soured"

A person has become cynical or mean-spirited.

After years of hardship, the milk of human kindness had soured in him.

Literary

"Sour one's stomach"

To make someone feel nauseous or deeply disgusted.

The sight of the cruelty soured my stomach.

Common

"A sour deal"

A business agreement that turns out to be bad or unfair.

I realized too late that I had signed a sour deal.

Business

"Sour wind"

A cold, biting, and unpleasant wind.

A sour wind was blowing off the lake.

Literary

"Sour on something"

To lose interest in or become disappointed with something.

I've really soured on the idea of moving to the city.

Informal

Fácil de confundir

sour vs Bitter

Both are sharp, often unpleasant tastes.

Sour is the taste of acids (citrus). Bitter is the taste of bases (coffee, kale).

The lemon is sour, but the coffee is bitter.

sour vs Rancid

Both describe spoiled food.

Sour is for dairy or fermented items. Rancid is specifically for fats and oils.

The milk is sour, but the old butter is rancid.

sour vs Tart

Both describe acidity in food.

Tart is almost always positive and used for fruit. Sour can be negative or literal.

This tart apple is delicious, but this sour milk is gross.

sour vs Acerbic

Both describe a sharp personality or speech.

Acerbic implies a clever, biting wit. Sour implies a grumpy, unhappy mood.

His acerbic comments were funny, but his sour mood was not.

sour vs Sullen

Both describe a negative mood.

Sullen implies being silent and gloomy. Sour implies being grumpy and cynical.

He was sullen and wouldn't speak, but his sour face showed his anger.

Patrones de oraciones

The [food] is sour.

The lemon is sour.

The [food] tastes sour.

This yogurt tastes sour.

The [relationship/deal] went sour.

The friendship went sour.

It left a sour taste in my mouth.

The interview left a sour taste in my mouth.

[Something] soured the [something else].

The scandal soured the election results.

A [noun] of sour [noun].

A landscape of sour resentment.

Don't be such a [noun].

Don't be such a sourpuss.

I like [adjective] [noun].

I like sour candy.

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

Verbos

Adjetivos

Relacionado

Cómo usarlo

frequency

Common in both spoken and written English.

Errores comunes

Using 'bitter' for lemons. → Lemons are sour.
Lemons are acidic, which is the definition of sour. Bitter is for things like coffee.
Saying 'The milk is sourly.' → The milk is sour.
After the verb 'is,' you use an adjective, not an adverb.
Using 'sour' for rotten meat. → The meat is rotten.
'Sour' is specifically for acidic/fermented spoilage, usually in dairy or liquids.
Confusing 'sour cream' with 'spoiled cream.' → I bought sour cream for the tacos.
Sour cream is a specific product. Spoiled cream is just bad cream.
Using 'sour grapes' to mean just being angry. → He's just sour grapes because he lost.
It specifically means pretending not to want something you failed to get.

Consejos

Learn the 'Big Five' Tastes

To remember 'sour,' learn it alongside sweet, salty, bitter, and umami. This helps you categorize flavors more easily.

Use with Linking Verbs

Remember that 'sour' usually follows verbs like 'is,' 'tastes,' or 'smells.' You don't need an '-ly' unless you are describing an action.

Master 'Sour Grapes'

This is a very common idiom. Use it when you see someone being a 'sore loser' or making excuses for not getting what they want.

Balance with Sugar

If a dish you are cooking is too sour, try adding a little bit of sugar or honey to balance the flavor.

Describe Moods Carefully

Calling someone 'sour' is a bit stronger than saying they are 'sad.' It implies they are being difficult or unpleasant.

Trust Your Nose

If something smells 'sour' and it's not supposed to be (like fresh milk), don't taste it! The smell is your first warning.

Use 'Tart' for Positivity

In food writing, 'tart' sounds more appetizing than 'sour.' Use 'sour' for things that are unpleasantly acidic.

Rhyme with Power

If you forget how to say 'sour,' just remember it rhymes with 'power' and 'flower.'

Business 'Souring'

In business news, look for the word 'sour' to describe failing markets or bad investments.

Root of Acid

Knowing that 'sour' and 'acid' are related can help you remember the scientific meaning of the word.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of a 'Sour' lemon that makes you 'Shout' because it's so sharp! Both start with 'S'.

Asociación visual

Imagine a bright yellow lemon being squeezed into a glass, and a person making a very tight, wrinkled face after drinking it.

Word Web

Lemon Vinegar Spoiled Milk Grumpy Acid Tart Pucker Sourdough

Desafío

Try to find three things in your kitchen that are sour and describe them using the word in a sentence.

Origen de la palabra

The word 'sour' comes from the Old English 'sur,' which means sharp, tart, or acidic. It has roots in the Proto-Germanic word '*suraz.'

Significado original: The original meaning was strictly related to the taste of fermented or acidic substances.

Germanic

Contexto cultural

Calling a person 'sour' can be seen as a mild insult, as it implies they are unpleasant to be around.

The idiom 'sour grapes' is widely understood and used in daily conversation to describe rationalizing failure.

Aesop's Fables: The Fox and the Grapes. The song 'Sour Candy' by Lady Gaga and BLACKPINK. The 'Whiskey Sour' cocktail, a classic American drink.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Cooking

add a sour element
balance the sourness
sour cream garnish
sour marinade

Food Safety

smell the sour milk
gone sour
tastes a bit sour
sour odor

Relationships

things went sour
a sour breakup
soured friendship
sour atmosphere

Business

the deal soured
sour investment
sour market conditions
sour loans

Personality

sour disposition
sourpuss
sour face
sour look

Inicios de conversación

"Do you like sour candies, or do you prefer sweet ones?"

"Have you ever accidentally drunk sour milk? It's the worst!"

"What do you do when a conversation starts to turn sour?"

"Do you think sourdough bread is better than regular white bread?"

"Why do you think some people have such a sour disposition?"

Temas para diario

Describe a time when a situation you were excited about suddenly went sour.

Write about your favorite sour food and why you enjoy that specific taste.

Reflect on a moment when you felt 'sour grapes' about someone else's success.

How do you handle being around someone who is in a very sour mood?

Think of a movie that ended on a sour note. How would you have changed the ending?

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

No, sour is not always bad! Many delicious foods are sour, like lemons, yogurt, and sourdough bread. It only becomes 'bad' when it refers to spoiled food like old milk or a negative mood.

Sour is the taste of acids (like lemons or vinegar). Bitter is the taste of things like unsweetened coffee, dark chocolate, or tonic water. They are two different basic tastes.

Yes, you can. If you say someone is 'sour' or has a 'sour disposition,' it means they are grumpy, pessimistic, or unpleasant to be around.

It's an idiom used when someone pretends to dislike something they actually want but can't have. For example, if someone doesn't get a job and then says the job was boring anyway, that's 'sour grapes.'

You can usually tell by the smell. Sour milk has a sharp, unpleasant odor. It might also look chunky or taste very sharp and bad.

Yes, 'sour' can be a verb. It means to make or become sour. For example, 'The argument soured their friendship' or 'The milk soured in the sun.'

Common synonyms include tart, tangy, acidic, and vinegary. For a person's mood, you might use grumpy, sullen, or bitter.

No, sour cream is made by adding specific, safe bacteria to regular cream to ferment it. It is a controlled process and is safe to eat, unlike cream that has gone bad on its own.

It's a natural reaction to the acidity. The puckering of the mouth and squinting of the eyes is thought to be a protective reflex against potentially harmful acidic substances.

In the oil and gas industry, 'sour gas' is natural gas that contains a lot of hydrogen sulfide, which smells like rotten eggs and is very toxic.