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B2 adjective 10 min de lectura

معوقه

moavaghe
Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos معوقه en 30 segundos
Explicación معوقه in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'معوقه' (ma'vagheh) is a very difficult word because it is formal and used in business. Beginners usually learn the word 'dir' (late) first. For example, if you want to say 'The bus is late,' you say 'Otobus dir amad.' You don't need 'ma'vagheh' yet. However, if you live in Iran, you might see this word on a bank machine or a bill. Just remember: if you see this word on a paper from a bank or your boss, it means 'Money you didn't pay yet' or 'Work that is not finished on time.' It is like the English word 'overdue.' You can think of it as a special kind of 'late' for money and official papers. Don't worry about using it in speaking yet; just try to recognize it when you see it on a bill. It usually comes after a noun, like 'hoghugh' (salary) or 'vam' (loan). If you see 'hoghugh-e ma'vagheh,' it means someone is waiting for their late salary. It's a 'long' word for a 'long' delay!
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At the A2 level, you are starting to understand more about daily life in Iran. You might hear people complaining about their 'hoghugh-e ma'vagheh' (overdue salaries). This is a common topic in news and conversations about work. While you still use 'dir' for being late to a class, you should start recognizing 'ma'vagheh' as the official word for 'overdue.' It is an adjective. In Persian, adjectives come after the noun. So, 'vam-e ma'vagheh' means 'overdue loan.' You might use this word if you are talking to a landlord about a late rent payment, though 'ta'khir' is also common. The important thing at A2 is to distinguish between 'dir' (adverb, used with verbs like 'to be late') and 'ma'vagheh' (adjective, describing a noun like 'debt'). If you are at a bank, and they ask about your installments (aghsaat), and you haven't paid them, they will use this word. It's a useful word for 'adulting' in Persian.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'معوقه' (ma'vagheh) in specific contexts like banking, work, and simple legal matters. You are moving beyond basic descriptions and starting to handle more complex social and professional situations. You should know that 'ma'vagheh' is much more formal than 'aghab-oftadeh.' For example, if you are writing a formal email to a company about an unpaid invoice, you would use 'ma'vagheh.' You should also learn the plural form 'معوقات' (ma'vaghāt), which means 'arrears.' A typical B1 sentence would be: 'Man mikhaham aghsaat-e ma'vagheh-ye khod ra pardakht konam' (I want to pay my overdue installments). You should also be aware that this word is almost exclusively used for things that have a deadline, like payments, reports, or official tasks. It is not used for people. Understanding the Arabic root 'A-W-Q' (delay/hinder) can help you remember its meaning and connect it to other words like 'ta'vigh' (postponement).
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At the B2 level, 'معوقه' is a core part of your professional vocabulary. You should use it with confidence when discussing economic trends, labor rights, or corporate management. You understand the nuance that 'ma'vagheh' implies a formal breach of a schedule or contract. You should be able to read news articles about 'motalebate ma'vagheh' (outstanding claims) or 'mo'avvaghate banki' (bank arrears) without difficulty. At this level, you should also be comfortable with related verbs like 'be ta'vigh andakhtan' (to postpone) and understand how they differ from the adjective 'ma'vagheh.' You can use this word to describe backlogs in any professional system, such as 'parvandeh-ha-ye ma'vagheh' (overdue files/cases). You should also be sensitive to the social implications of the word in Iran, particularly in the context of 'hoghugh-e ma'vagheh,' which is a major socio-economic issue. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the formal register, avoiding it in casual settings where 'aghab-oftadeh' or 'dir-shodeh' might be more appropriate.
At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the stylistic and legal nuances of 'معوقه.' You can use it in complex legal or financial arguments, perhaps discussing the 'khorat-e ta'khir-e ta'diyeh' (damages for delay in payment) on 'bedehi-ha-ye ma'vagheh' (overdue debts). You are aware of the subtle difference between 'ma'vagheh' and 'mo'ajjal' (deferred) in legal terminology. You can analyze the impact of 'ma'vaghāt-e banki' on the national economy and use the word in academic essays or high-level business negotiations. You also understand the passive participle structure of the word and can relate it to other similar Arabic-derived forms in Persian. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use synonyms like 'tasviyeh-nashodeh' or 'māndeh' when you want to avoid repetition, but you know that 'ma'vagheh' is the most precise term for something that is legally or administratively overdue. You can also use it metaphorically in literature or high-level journalism to describe 'postponed' dreams or social progress, though its primary home remains the world of finance and law.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'معوقه' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You understand its historical development in the Persian language and its precise placement within the hierarchy of administrative and legal terms. You can navigate the most complex financial reports or judicial rulings where 'ma'vaghāt' are discussed in detail. You are also aware of the word's role in political discourse, particularly how it is used by government officials and activists to frame economic failures or successes. You can use the word with perfect prosody and in combination with sophisticated literary structures. Furthermore, you can distinguish between the various shades of meaning provided by its root in different contexts—such as 'āyegh' (insulator) or 'māne'' (obstacle)—showing a complete grasp of the linguistic family. At this level, you don't just know the word; you know the entire socio-legal framework that the word 'ma'vagheh' represents in the Persian-speaking world.
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معوقه en 30 segundos

  • Ma'vagheh means overdue or outstanding, mostly for money and tasks.
  • It is a formal adjective used in business, banking, and law.
  • The most common phrase is 'hoghugh-e ma'vagheh' (overdue salary).
  • It comes from an Arabic root meaning to delay or hinder.

The Persian word معوقه (ma'vagheh) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used in formal, financial, legal, and administrative contexts. At its core, it describes something that was supposed to happen, be paid, or be completed at a specific time in the past but remains outstanding or delayed. While in English we might simply say 'overdue' or 'late,' ma'vagheh carries a weight of officiality, often referring to systemic delays rather than just a person being late for a meeting. It is most frequently paired with financial terms like salaries, installments, or debts. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone navigating the Iranian workplace, banking system, or legal documents, as it highlights a state of 'arrears' that requires resolution.

Financial Context
In banking, this word refers to loans or installments that have passed their due date without payment. If you hear a banker mention 'aghsaat-e ma'vagheh,' they are talking about your overdue installments.

بانک برای اقساط معوقه جریمه سنگینی در نظر گرفته است. (The bank has considered a heavy penalty for overdue installments.)

Beyond money, ma'vagheh can apply to tasks or administrative processes. For example, if a project has been sitting on a desk for months, it might be called a 'prozheh-ye ma'vagheh.' However, its most poignant use in modern Iran often relates to labor rights. Workers often protest for 'hoghugh-e ma'vagheh' (back-pay or unpaid wages), a term that appears frequently in news reports regarding industrial disputes. It implies a debt that the employer owes to the employee for work already performed.

Administrative Usage
When a government department has a backlog of files, they refer to them as 'parvandeh-ha-ye ma'vagheh.' This suggests a failure to meet the standard processing timeline.

رسیدگی به پرونده‌های معوقه در اولویت سازمان قرار دارد. (Processing overdue files is the organization's priority.)

The word is derived from the Arabic root 'A-W-Q' (عوق), which relates to hindering or delaying. In Persian, the 'ma-' prefix and the '-eh' suffix turn it into a passive participle meaning 'that which has been delayed.' Unlike the word 'dir' (late), which is a simple adverb or adjective for time, ma'vagheh identifies the object itself as being in a state of delay. You wouldn't say a person is 'ma'vagheh' if they show up late to dinner; you use it for the dinner bill if it hasn't been paid for a month.

Legal Nuance
In legal contracts, 'motalebate ma'vagheh' refers to outstanding claims that one party has against another, emphasizing the legal right to collect what is overdue.

وکیل در حال پیگیری مطالبات معوقه شرکت است. (The lawyer is following up on the company's outstanding claims.)

Using معوقه correctly requires placing it after the noun it modifies, following the standard Persian Ezafe construction. Because it is a formal adjective, it often appears in complex sentences involving verbs like 'pardakht kardan' (to pay), 'tasviyeh kardan' (to settle), or 'residagi kardan' (to investigate/process). It almost always functions as an attributive adjective, meaning it describes a specific noun like 'pay,' 'debt,' or 'work.'

دولت قول داده است که حقوق معوقه معلمان را تا پایان ماه بپردازد. (The government has promised to pay the teachers' back-pay by the end of the month.)

Notice in the example above how 'hoghugh' (salary/rights) is linked to 'ma'vagheh' with the '-e' sound (the Ezafe). This is the most common collocation. If you are discussing banking, the pattern remains the same: [Noun] + [Ezafe] + معوقه. For instance, 'bedehi-ye ma'vagheh' (outstanding debt). You can also use it in the plural form 'معوقات' (ma'vaghāt) to refer to 'arrears' or 'outstanding items' as a collective noun.

Collocation: Salaries
حقوق معوقه (Hoghugh-e ma'vagheh) - This is perhaps the most used phrase in news headlines regarding economic issues.

When you want to describe the act of something becoming overdue, you might use the verb 'ma'vagh mandan' (to remain overdue) or 'be ta'vigh oftadan' (to fall into delay), although the latter is a different grammatical form of the same root. Using the adjective ma'vagheh effectively signals to your listener that you are speaking about a formal obligation. In a business meeting, saying 'ma'vagheh' instead of 'dir' (late) makes you sound professional and precise.

لیست مشتریانی که پرداخت‌های معوقه دارند تهیه شده است. (A list of customers who have overdue payments has been prepared.)

In more advanced usage, you might encounter 'mo'avvagh' (the active form or alternative pronunciation in some contexts), but 'ma'vagheh' is the standard adjective for 'overdue.' It can also be used in academic writing when discussing historical delays or postponed events. For example, 'barnameh-ha-ye ma'vagheh' (postponed/overdue programs). The word implies that there was a schedule, and that schedule was violated.

Collocation: Banking
وام‌های معوقه (Vām-hā-ye ma'vagheh) - Non-performing loans or overdue loans.

حجم معوقات بانکی در سال اخیر افزایش یافته است. (The volume of bank arrears has increased in the recent year.)

Finally, remember that ma'vagheh is almost never used for physical objects being late (like a bus). It is for abstract obligations, payments, and administrative tasks. If a bus is late, use 'ta'khir' (delay). If the payment for the bus contract is late, use 'ma'vagheh.'

If you turn on the Iranian evening news (IRIB) or read financial newspapers like 'Donya-e-Eqtesad,' you will hear معوقه almost daily. It is a keyword in the discourse of the Iranian economy. Reporters use it to describe the 'arrears' of the central bank, the 'unpaid wages' of factory workers, or 'delayed' infrastructure projects. It is a word of the public sphere, the office, and the courtroom.

The Evening News
'وزیر اقتصاد درباره مطالبات معوقه بانکی سخنرانی کرد.' (The Economy Minister spoke about outstanding bank claims.)

In the workplace, particularly in Human Resources (HR), this word is used when discussing payroll. If there was a glitch in the system and you didn't get your bonus last month, the HR manager might say, 'In mablagh be soorat-e ma'vagheh pardakht khahad shod' (This amount will be paid as back-pay). It provides a formal assurance that the debt is recognized and will be settled.

کارگران هفت‌تپه خواستار پرداخت فوری دستمزدهای معوقه خود شدند. (Haft Tappeh workers demanded immediate payment of their overdue wages.)

You will also encounter it in the banking app or on a physical bank statement. If you have an 'aghsaat-e ma'vagheh,' it will often be highlighted in red or listed in a separate 'overdue' section. It is the official term for any payment that has missed its window. In legal settings, a judge might order the payment of 'ma'vaghāt' (plural) along with interest or penalties. It is the standard term used in the Civil Code of Iran when discussing debts.

Legal Documents
Contracts often include a clause about 'khorat-e ta'khir-e ta'diyeh' (damages for delay in payment) for 'bedehi-ha-ye ma'vagheh' (overdue debts).

طبق قرارداد، سود به مبالغ معوقه تعلق می‌گیرد. (According to the contract, interest applies to overdue amounts.)

Lastly, in educational contexts, if a student has not paid their tuition or has 'incomplete' grades from a previous semester that need to be cleared, the registrar might use this term. It's about anything 'pending' from the past that should have been finished. In essence, whenever there is a 'gap' between a deadline and the current reality in a formal setting, ma'vagheh is the word you will hear.

The most common mistake learners make is using معوقه (ma'vagheh) interchangeably with 'dir' (late) or 'dair' (late - formal). While they both relate to time, they are not synonyms. 'Dir' is an adverb used for people or simple events (e.g., 'I am late'). Ma'vagheh is an adjective for obligations. You cannot say 'Man ma'vagheh hastam' to mean 'I am late.' That would sound like you are an overdue debt!

Mistake: Personal Lateness
Incorrect: من برای جلسه معوقه هستم. (I am overdue for the meeting.)
Correct: من برای جلسه دیر کرده‌ام. (I am late for the meeting.)

Another frequent error is confusing ma'vagheh with 'aghab-oftadeh' (backward or delayed). While 'aghab-oftadeh' can sometimes mean delayed (like a schedule), it is much more informal and can be highly offensive if used to describe people (meaning 'mentally challenged'). In a business context, using 'aghab-oftadeh' for a payment is understandable but sounds less professional than ma'vagheh. Stick to ma'vagheh for financial and administrative arrears.

اشتباه: کارهای عقب‌افتاده بانکی
درست: کارهای معوقه بانکی (Correct: Overdue bank tasks)

A third mistake involves the plural form. Learners often try to pluralize it as 'ma'vagheh-ha,' which is technically possible but rarely used. The standard plural in formal Persian (following Arabic rules) is 'معوقات' (ma'vaghāt). If you are talking about 'arrears' as a general concept or a list of overdue items, use 'ma'vaghāt.' Using the wrong plural form can make your formal writing look amateurish.

Mistake: Pluralization
Better: معوقات مالی (Financial arrears)
Avoid: معوقه‌های مالی (Financial overdues)

Finally, be careful with the word 'ta'vigh' (delay/postponement). While it comes from the same root, 'ta'vigh' is a noun. You 'put something into ta'vigh' (be ta'vigh andakhtan), but the thing itself becomes 'ma'vagheh.' Don't use the noun where the adjective is needed. For example, don't say 'hoghugh-e ta'vigh' (salary of delay); say 'hoghugh-e ma'vagheh' (overdue salary).

پروژه به تعویق افتاد، بنابراین اکنون یک پروژه معوقه است. (The project was delayed, so now it is an overdue project.)

To truly master معوقه, you should know how it compares to other words for 'delay' or 'unpaid.' Persian has a rich vocabulary for time-related issues, and choosing the right one depends on the register and the specific context. Below is a comparison of ma'vagheh with its closest cousins.

معوقه vs. عقب‌افتاده (Aghab-oftadeh)
Ma'vagheh is formal and usually refers to money or official tasks. Aghab-oftadeh is more general and can be used for a student falling behind in class or a physically delayed train. Use ma'vagheh in a bank; use aghab-oftadeh with a friend.

If you want to focus purely on the fact that a payment has not been made, without necessarily emphasizing the 'delay' aspect, you can use 'پرداخت‌نشده' (pardakht-nashodeh - unpaid). This is a very literal term. Ma'vagheh is stronger because it implies that the payment should have happened already and is now in a state of violation.

صورت‌حساب‌های پرداخت‌نشده لزوماً معوقه نیستند؛ شاید هنوز وقت دارند. (Unpaid invoices aren't necessarily overdue; maybe they still have time.)

معوقه vs. تأخیری (Ta'khiri)
Ta'khiri is an adjective derived from 'ta'khir' (delay). It is often used for 'late fees' (jarimeh-ye ta'khiri). While ma'vagheh describes the debt itself, ta'khiri describes the quality of the action or the penalty associated with it.

Another alternative in very formal or archaic Persian is 'مؤجل' (mo'ajjal), which means 'deferred' or 'given a deadline.' However, this is mostly used in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and marriage contracts (regarding the Mehr). For everyday modern business, ma'vagheh is the undisputed champion of 'overdue.'

Summary of Alternatives
  • دیرکرد (Dirkord): Noun for 'lateness/delay' often used for penalties.
  • مانده (Māndeh): Noun for 'remainder' or 'balance' of a debt.
  • تسویه نشده (Tasviyeh nashodeh): Not settled/cleared.

او تمام بدهی‌های معوقه خود را تسویه کرد. (He settled all his overdue debts.)

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

The same root gives us the word 'āyegh' (عایق) in Persian, which means 'insulator' (like for electricity), because an insulator 'hinders' the flow of energy!

Guía de pronunciación

UK /mæʔvæɢːe/
US /mæʔvɑːɢe/
The stress is typically on the final syllable 'ghe'.
Rima con
علاقه (alāghe) سابقه (sābeghe) دقیقه (daghighe) منطقه (mantaghe) صاعقه (sā'eghe) حادثه (hādese) فاصله (fāsele) رابطه (rābete)
Errores comunes
  • Pronouncing 'gh' as 'k' (it should be deep in the throat).
  • Confusing it with 'mo'avvagh' (the active form).
  • Treating the final 'h' as a consonant (it's a short 'e' sound).
  • Adding an extra 'a' sound: 'ma-va-gha-heh' (incorrect).
  • Failing to use the Ezafe when connecting to a noun.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 7/5

Common in news and formal documents, but requires knowledge of the Ezafe.

Escritura 8/5

Spelling the 'gh' (ق) and 'h' (ه) correctly in a formal context is key.

Expresión oral 6/5

Native speakers will be impressed if you use this instead of 'dir'.

Escucha 7/5

Can be confused with 'mo'avvagh' in fast speech.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

دیر حقوق بانک پول بدهی

Aprende después

تسویه وصول مطالبات اقساط جریمه

Avanzado

استمهال تهاتر دیون سررسید نکول

Gramática que debes saber

Ezafe Construction

بدهیِ معوقه (Bedehi-ye ma'vagheh) - The 'ye' links the noun and adjective.

Arabic Passive Participle (Maf'ool)

معوقه (Ma'vagheh) follows the pattern of 'Ma'ool' from the root ع-و-ق.

Arabic Plural in Persian

معوقات (Ma'vaghāt) uses the '-āt' suffix for formal pluralization.

Adjective Placement

In Persian, adjectives like 'ma'vagheh' always follow the noun.

Formal vs. Informal Adjectives

Using 'ma'vagheh' instead of 'aghab-oftadeh' changes the register to formal.

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

حقوق معوقه چیست؟

What is back-pay?

Simple question with 'چیست' (what is).

2

من وام معوقه ندارم.

I don't have an overdue loan.

Negative sentence with 'ندارم'.

3

این یک قبض معوقه است.

This is an overdue bill.

Demonstrative 'این' with 'است'.

4

او پول معوقه دارد.

He has overdue money (debt/pay).

Third person singular 'دارد'.

5

قسط معوقه را بپرداز.

Pay the overdue installment.

Imperative 'بپرداز' (pay).

6

آیا شما بدهی معوقه دارید؟

Do you have overdue debt?

Interrogative 'آیا' with 'دارید'.

7

نام من در لیست معوقه نیست.

My name is not on the overdue list.

Negative 'نیست' (is not).

8

لطفاً کارهای معوقه را انجام دهید.

Please do the overdue tasks.

Polite imperative 'انجام دهید'.

1

او به دلیل حقوق معوقه شکایت کرد.

He complained because of overdue wages.

Use of 'به دلیل' (because of).

2

بانک برای قسط معوقه جریمه می‌گیرد.

The bank takes a penalty for overdue installments.

Present continuous 'می‌گیرد'.

3

ما باید مطالبات معوقه را جمع کنیم.

We must collect the outstanding claims.

Modal 'باید' (must) with subjunctive.

4

این قبض‌ها مربوط به ماه‌های معوقه است.

These bills relate to overdue months.

Plural 'قبض‌ها' and 'ماه‌ها'.

5

آیا این یک بدهی معوقه است؟

Is this an overdue debt?

Simple question structure.

6

او همیشه کارهای معوقه دارد.

He always has overdue tasks.

Adverb 'همیشه' (always).

7

دستمزد معوقه کارگران پرداخت شد.

The workers' overdue wages were paid.

Passive voice 'پرداخت شد'.

8

من لیست معوقات را چک کردم.

I checked the list of arrears.

Past tense 'چک کردم'.

1

شرکت نتوانست حقوق معوقه را بپردازد.

The company couldn't pay the overdue salaries.

Negative past ability 'نتوانست'.

2

بدهی‌های معوقه باعث مشکلات مالی شد.

Overdue debts caused financial problems.

Causal 'باعث ... شد'.

3

او به دنبال راهی برای تسویه معوقات است.

He is looking for a way to settle the arrears.

Present continuous 'به دنبال ... است'.

4

مالیات معوقه باید تا فردا پرداخت شود.

Overdue tax must be paid by tomorrow.

Passive modal 'باید ... پرداخت شود'.

5

این پروژه به دلیل کارهای معوقه متوقف شد.

This project stopped because of overdue tasks.

Passive past 'متوقف شد'.

6

مدیر از کارمندان خواست معوقات را تمام کنند.

The manager asked the employees to finish the arrears.

Verb 'خواستن' with subjunctive.

7

اجاره‌های معوقه او را نگران کرده است.

The overdue rents have made him worried.

Present perfect 'نگران کرده است'.

8

بانک مرکزی لیست وام‌های معوقه را منتشر کرد.

The Central Bank published the list of overdue loans.

Simple past 'منتشر کرد'.

1

حجم معوقات بانکی به سطح بحرانی رسیده است.

The volume of bank arrears has reached a critical level.

Present perfect 'رسیده است'.

2

دولت برای پرداخت مطالبات معوقه بودجه ندارد.

The government has no budget to pay outstanding claims.

Infinitive 'برای پرداخت' (to pay).

3

رسیدگی به پرونده‌های معوقه قضایی زمان‌بر است.

Processing overdue judicial cases is time-consuming.

Compound adjective 'زمان‌بر'.

4

او به دلیل عدم پرداخت دیون معوقه بازداشت شد.

He was arrested for non-payment of overdue debts.

Formal 'عدم پرداخت' (non-payment).

5

شرکت‌های پیمانکاری با معوقات زیادی روبرو هستند.

Contracting companies are facing many arrears.

Verb 'روبرو بودن' (to face).

6

جریمه دیرکرد به مبالغ معوقه اضافه می‌شود.

Late fees are added to the overdue amounts.

Passive present 'اضافه می‌شود'.

7

او سعی دارد تمام کارهای معوقه را تا عید تمام کند.

He is trying to finish all overdue tasks by Nowruz.

Verb 'سعی داشتن' (to try).

8

مطالبات معوقه صادرکنندگان هنوز پرداخت نشده است.

The outstanding claims of exporters have not been paid yet.

Negative passive present perfect.

1

انباشت معوقات بانکی نشان‌دهنده رکود اقتصادی است.

The accumulation of bank arrears indicates an economic recession.

Gerund 'انباشت' (accumulation).

2

قانون جدیدی برای وصول مطالبات معوقه تصویب شد.

A new law was passed for the collection of outstanding claims.

Formal 'وصول' (collection/attainment).

3

او در یادداشت‌هایش به پروژه‌های معوقه اشاره کرد.

In his notes, he referred to the postponed/overdue projects.

Prepositional phrase 'به ... اشاره کرد'.

4

عدم شفافیت در پرداخت معوقات باعث اعتراض شد.

Lack of transparency in paying arrears caused protests.

Formal 'عدم شفافیت' (lack of transparency).

5

بدهی معوقه دولت به پیمانکاران به میلیاردها رسید.

The government's overdue debt to contractors reached billions.

Complex Ezafe chain.

6

او خواستار تعیین تکلیف پرونده‌های معوقه شد.

He demanded a resolution for the overdue cases.

Idiom 'تعیین تکلیف' (deciding the status).

7

معوقات مالیاتی می‌تواند منجر به پلمب واحد شود.

Tax arrears can lead to the sealing of the unit.

Modal 'می‌تواند منجر به ... شود'.

8

تحلیلگران نگران رشد معوقات غیرجاری هستند.

Analysts are worried about the growth of non-current arrears.

Technical term 'غیرجاری' (non-current).

1

بحران معوقات بانکی شالوده نظام پولی را تهدید می‌کند.

The bank arrears crisis threatens the foundation of the monetary system.

Formal 'شالوده' (foundation).

2

او به واکاوی علل ساختاری معوقات پرداختی پرداخت.

He engaged in an analysis of the structural causes of payment arrears.

Literary 'واکاوی' (analysis/probing).

3

مطالبات معوقه سنواتی، بار سنگینی بر دوش بودجه است.

The multi-year outstanding claims are a heavy burden on the budget.

Technical 'سنواتی' (related to years/seniority).

4

رهیافت‌های نوین برای مدیریت معوقات ضرورت دارد.

Modern approaches for managing arrears are necessary.

Formal 'رهیافت' (approach).

5

او در رساله‌اش به معوقات فرهنگی جامعه اشاره دارد.

In his thesis, he alludes to the cultural 'lags' or overdue issues of society.

Metaphorical use of 'معوقات'.

6

تعدیل نرخ سود بر اساس معوقات بانکی انجام گرفت.

The adjustment of interest rates was carried out based on bank arrears.

Formal 'انجام گرفت' (was carried out).

7

پیچیدگی‌های حقوقی وصول معوقات بسیار زیاد است.

The legal complexities of collecting arrears are very high.

Abstract noun 'پیچیدگی‌ها'.

8

این مبالغ به عنوان معوقات سنوات گذشته ثبت شده‌اند.

These amounts have been recorded as arrears from previous years.

Passive present perfect 'ثبت شده‌اند'.

Colocaciones comunes

حقوق معوقه
اقساط معوقه
مطالبات معوقه
بدهی معوقه
مالیات معوقه
پرونده معوقه
دستمزد معوقه
وام معوقه
اجاره معوقه
معوقات بانکی

Frases Comunes

تسویه معوقات

— To settle or clear all overdue payments.

ما باید تا پایان سال تسویه معوقات کنیم.

وصول مطالبات معوقه

— The process of collecting outstanding debts.

شرکت یک تیم برای وصول مطالبات معوقه استخدام کرد.

پرداخت حقوق معوقه

— Paying back-pay to employees.

پرداخت حقوق معوقه اولویت ماست.

لیست معوقات

— A list of overdue items or debts.

لیست معوقات را به مدیر بدهید.

جریمه معوقه

— A penalty for being overdue.

جریمه معوقه هر روز بیشتر می‌شود.

معوقات سنواتی

— Arrears accumulated over several years.

معوقات سنواتی شرکت بسیار سنگین است.

کارهای معوقه

— Tasks that are behind schedule.

من امروز کارهای معوقه زیادی دارم.

بدهی‌های معوقه

— Outstanding debts.

بدهی‌های معوقه او را ورشکست کرد.

اخطار معوقه

— An overdue notice.

او یک اخطار معوقه از بانک دریافت کرد.

برنامه‌های معوقه

— Postponed or overdue programs/plans.

برنامه‌های معوقه باید دوباره بررسی شوند.

Se confunde a menudo con

معوقه vs دیر

Dir is an adverb for time; Ma'vagheh is an adjective for obligations.

معوقه vs معوق (Mo'avvagh)

Mo'avvagh is the active/general form; Ma'vagheh is the specific adjective for 'overdue'.

معوقه vs تعویق

Ta'vigh is the noun 'delay'; Ma'vagheh is the adjective 'overdue'.

Modismos y expresiones

"روی هم تلنبار شدن معوقات"

— When overdue tasks or debts pile up uncontrollably.

معوقات بانکی روی هم تلنبار شده‌اند.

Neutral
"بار معوقات"

— The 'burden' of overdue obligations.

بار معوقات برای شرکت سنگین است.

Formal
"کوه معوقات"

— A 'mountain' of arrears (huge amount).

او با کوهی از معوقات روبروست.

Metaphorical
"در گل ماندن معوقات"

— When the process of settling arrears is stuck.

وصول معوقات در گل مانده است.

Informal
"صفر کردن معوقات"

— To completely clear all arrears (make them zero).

او می‌خواهد معوقاتش را صفر کند.

Neutral
"خوابیدن روی معوقات"

— To delay paying back what is owed despite having the means.

بعضی شرکت‌ها روی معوقات کارگران خوابیده‌اند.

Informal/Critical
"زنجیره معوقات"

— The 'chain' of arrears (one person's debt causing another's).

زنجیره معوقات باعث بحران شد.

Economic
"معوقاتِ خاک‌خورده"

— Very old, neglected arrears (dust-covered).

این‌ها معوقات خاک‌خورده سال‌های پیش هستند.

Informal
"سایه معوقات"

— The 'shadow' of arrears (the constant threat of debt).

سایه معوقات همیشه بر سر شرکت است.

Literary
"فهرست سیاه معوقات"

— A blacklist of those with overdue payments.

نام او در فهرست سیاه معوقات است.

Business

Fácil de confundir

معوقه vs عقب‌افتاده

Both mean delayed.

Aghab-oftadeh is informal and can refer to people; Ma'vagheh is formal and refers to things.

قطار عقب‌افتاده (Informal) vs. حقوق معوقه (Formal).

معوقه vs دیرکرد

Both relate to lateness.

Dirkord is the noun for the delay/penalty; Ma'vagheh is the adjective describing the item.

جریمه دیرکرد برای مبلغ معوقه.

معوقه vs متوقف

A delayed project might be stopped.

Motovaghef means stopped; Ma'vagheh means late but still existing as an obligation.

پروژه معوقه هنوز تمام نشده است.

معوقه vs مانده

Both refer to what is left.

Mandeh is the balance; Ma'vagheh is the part of the balance that is late.

مانده بدهی معوقه.

معوقه vs جاری

Opposite of overdue.

Jari means current/up-to-date; Ma'vagheh means past due.

اقساط جاری vs. اقساط معوقه.

Patrones de oraciones

A1

این [Noun] معوقه است.

این قبض معوقه است.

A2

من [Noun] معوقه دارم.

من قسط معوقه دارم.

B1

[Noun] معوقه را بپردازید.

مالیات معوقه را بپردازید.

B2

به دلیل [Noun] معوقه، [Result].

به دلیل حقوق معوقه، کارگران اعتراض کردند.

C1

وصول [Noun] معوقه الزامی است.

وصول مطالبات معوقه الزامی است.

C2

انباشت [Noun] معوقه منجر به [Result] شد.

انباشت معوقات بانکی منجر به بحران شد.

B1

لیست [Noun]های معوقه کجاست؟

لیست وام‌های معوقه کجاست؟

B2

او تمام [Noun]های معوقه را تسویه کرد.

او تمام بدهی‌های معوقه را تسویه کرد.

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

تعویق (ta'vigh - postponement)
عایق (āyegh - insulator/hindrance)
معوقات (ma'vaghāt - arrears)

Verbos

به تعویق انداختن (be ta'vigh andakhtan - to postpone)
تعویق افتادن (ta'vigh oftādan - to be delayed)

Adjetivos

معوق (mo'avvagh - delayed/pending)
تعویقی (ta'vighi - related to delay)

Relacionado

بدهی
قسط
دیرکرد
حقوق
مطالبات
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Cómo usarlo

frequency

High in news, banking, and professional settings; low in casual family talk.

Errores comunes
  • من معوقه هستم. → من دیر کرده‌ام.

    You cannot use 'ma'vagheh' for a person being late.

  • حقوق معوق → حقوق معوقه

    In modern Persian, the adjective for overdue is 'ma'vagheh' with the 'h'.

  • بدهیِ تعویق → بدهیِ معوقه

    'Ta'vigh' is a noun (delay); 'Ma'vagheh' is the adjective (overdue).

  • معوقه‌های بانکی → معوقات بانکی

    'Ma'vaghāt' is the preferred formal plural in financial contexts.

  • قطار معوقه است. → قطار تأخیر دارد.

    'Ma'vagheh' is for obligations, not for vehicles or transport.

Consejos

The Ezafe is Essential

Always remember the '-e' sound. It's 'hoghugh-E ma'vagheh,' not just 'hoghugh ma'vagheh'.

Formal Register

Use this word in emails to banks or HR. It makes you sound very professional.

The 'Gh' Sound

Practice the Persian 'gh' (ق) so it doesn't sound like 'k'. It's a deep, vibrating sound.

Business First

Think of this as a business word. It's rarely used for casual things like being late for a movie.

Use 'Ma'vaghāt'

When talking about 'arrears' in general, the plural 'معوقات' is much more common than 'معوقه‌ها'.

Ma'vagheh vs. Aghab-oftadeh

Ma'vagheh = Money/Work (Formal). Aghab-oftadeh = People/General (Neutral).

Legal Rights

In Iran, mentioning 'ma'vagheh' in a contract is the standard way to define overdue obligations.

News Keyword

If you see this word in a headline, the story is likely about the economy or workers' rights.

Spelling

The word starts with 'm-'-'a'-'v'-'a'-'gh'-'h'. Don't forget the 'v' (و) in the middle.

Ma-Vague-Debt

Remember: 'My-Vague-Debt' is 'Ma'vagheh'.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of 'Ma-vagheh' as 'My-Vague-Debt'. It's vague because it's from the past and hasn't been settled yet!

Asociación visual

Imagine a giant red stamp that says 'OVERDUE' on a stack of money. That stamp is the word 'معوقه'.

Word Web

Banking Salary Overdue Debt Arrears Law Delay Installment

Desafío

Try to find a news headline from an Iranian website (like IRNA) that contains 'معوقه' and translate the whole sentence.

Origen de la palabra

Derived from the Arabic root 'A-W-Q' (عوق), which means to hinder, prevent, or delay. It entered Persian through Islamic legal and administrative terminology.

Significado original: Something that has been hindered or prevented from happening on time.

Semitic (Arabic root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

Contexto cultural

Be careful when discussing 'ma'vagheh' with business partners; it can imply a failure to meet obligations. Use it objectively.

In English, we use 'overdue' for bills and 'back-pay' for salaries. Persian uses 'ma'vagheh' for both, making it more versatile but also more formal.

Used frequently in the 'Bourse' (Stock Market) news. Common in legal rulings by the Iranian Judiciary. Appears in the lyrics of some social-protest rap songs about economic hardship.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Banking

  • اقساط معوقه
  • جریمه دیرکرد
  • وام معوقه
  • تسویه حساب

Employment

  • حقوق معوقه
  • دستمزد معوقه
  • سنوات معوقه
  • شکایت کارگری

Legal

  • مطالبات معوقه
  • پرونده معوقه
  • اجراییه
  • دیون معوقه

Government/Tax

  • مالیات معوقه
  • عوارض معوقه
  • بخشودگی جرایم
  • اظهارنامه

General Business

  • پرداخت معوقه
  • صورت‌حساب معوقه
  • لیست معوقات
  • طلب معوقه

Inicios de conversación

"آیا تا به حال با مشکل حقوق معوقه روبرو شده‌اید؟ (Have you ever faced the problem of overdue salary?)"

"بانک‌ها چگونه باید معوقات خود را وصول کنند؟ (How should banks collect their arrears?)"

"به نظر شما چرا معوقات بانکی در ایران زیاد است؟ (In your opinion, why are bank arrears high in Iran?)"

"اگر مستأجر اجاره معوقه داشته باشد، صاحبخانه چه باید بکند؟ (If a tenant has overdue rent, what should the landlord do?)"

"چطور می‌توانیم کارهای معوقه خود را سریع‌تر تمام کنیم؟ (How can we finish our overdue tasks faster?)"

Temas para diario

درباره زمانی بنویسید که حقوق شما معوقه شده بود و چه حسی داشتید. (Write about a time your salary was overdue and how you felt.)

آیا در زندگی کارهای معوقه زیادی دارید؟ برای انجام آن‌ها چه برنامه‌ای دارید؟ (Do you have many overdue tasks in life? What's your plan for them?)

تأثیر معوقات بانکی بر اقتصاد یک کشور را تحلیل کنید. (Analyze the impact of bank arrears on a country's economy.)

نامه‌ای رسمی به مدیر خود بنویسید و خواستار پرداخت معوقات شوید. (Write a formal letter to your manager demanding payment of arrears.)

فکر کنید یک قاضی هستید؛ چطور به پرونده‌های معوقه رسیدگی می‌کنید؟ (Imagine you are a judge; how would you handle overdue cases?)

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

No, 'ma'vagheh' is only for things like payments or tasks. For a person, use 'dir kardan' (to be late).

'Hoghugh-e ma'vagheh' is the formal term for back-pay. 'Talab-shodeh' means 'claimed,' which is a broader legal term.

Only if you are talking about bills, banks, or work. You wouldn't use it to say 'My homework is late' to a friend; you'd say 'aghab-oftadeh'.

The best word is 'معوقات' (ma'vaghāt), which is the plural of 'ma'vagheh'.

It has an Arabic root (عوق), but it is used as a standard Persian word in formal contexts.

It means 'overdue penalty,' though 'jarimeh-ye ta'khir' is more common.

Yes, in formal contexts, a 'prozheh-ye ma'vagheh' is a project that has been postponed or is behind schedule.

No, you use the phrase 'be ta'vigh andakhtan' (to postpone) or 'ma'vagh gozashtan'.

The 'h' at the end makes it a passive participle adjective in this specific Persian usage.

Yes, 'ketab-e ma'vagheh' would be understood as an overdue book in a formal library system.

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Ponte a prueba 182 preguntas

writing

Write a sentence using 'حقوق معوقه'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'I have an overdue loan.'

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writing

Write a formal request for back-pay (3 words min).

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writing

Translate: 'The bank sent a notice for overdue installments.'

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writing

Use 'معوقات' in a sentence about the economy.

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writing

Translate: 'He settled his overdue debts.'

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writing

Write a sentence about 'کارهای معوقه'.

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writing

Translate: 'Is this an overdue bill?'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'مطالبات معوقه'.

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writing

Translate: 'Overdue taxes must be paid.'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'اجاره معوقه'.

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writing

Translate: 'The list of arrears is long.'

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writing

Use 'معوقه' to describe a project.

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writing

Translate: 'We don't have any overdue items.'

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writing

Write a sentence about 'جریمه معوقه'.

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writing

Translate: 'He is worried about his arrears.'

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writing

Use 'معوقه' in a sentence with 'بانک'.

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writing

Translate: 'Back-pay is a worker's right.'

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writing

Write a sentence about 'پرونده معوقه'.

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writing

Translate: 'The volume of arrears increased.'

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speaking

How do you say 'overdue salary' formally?

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Ask a banker if you have overdue installments.

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speaking

Tell your boss you will finish the overdue tasks.

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speaking

Explain what 'معوقات' means in English.

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speaking

Say: 'I want to settle my overdue debt.'

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speaking

Ask why the workers are protesting (use 'ma'vagheh').

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speaking

Say: 'The bank gave me a notice for overdue payments.'

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speaking

Correct this: 'Man ma'vagheh hastam.'

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speaking

Pronounce 'معوقه' slowly.

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speaking

Use 'معوقات' in a sentence about a company.

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speaking

Say: 'Overdue taxes are a problem.'

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speaking

What is the plural of 'ma'vagheh'?

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speaking

Say: 'I have no overdue files.'

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speaking

Ask for the list of arrears.

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speaking

Say: 'Back-pay will be paid next month.'

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speaking

Use 'ma'vagheh' to describe a late bill.

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speaking

Say: 'We are following up on outstanding claims.'

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speaking

Is 'ma'vagheh' formal or informal?

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speaking

Say: 'The penalty for being overdue is high.'

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speaking

Translate: 'Settling arrears.'

Read this aloud:

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listening

Listen and identify the word: 'Bank be dalil-e aghsaat-e MA'VAGHEH ekhtar ferestad.'

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listening

What is overdue? 'Hoghugh-e ma'vagheh-ye kargaran pardakht shod.'

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¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

How many months? 'U se mah ejareh-ye ma'vagheh darad.'

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listening

What is the action? 'Bayad ma'vaghāt ra tasviyeh konim.'

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listening

Is it a loan or a bill? 'Vām-e ma'vagheh-ye shoma moshkel-saz ast.'

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listening

Listen for the plural: 'Motalebate ma'vaghāt-e banki afzayesh yaft.'

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listening

Who is complaining? 'Kargaran be dalil-e ma'vaghāt-e khod eterāz kardand.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is the penalty? 'Jarimeh-ye ma'vagheh har ruz bishtar mishavad.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is it paid? 'Dastmozd-e ma'vagheh hanuz pardakht nashodeh.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is the priority? 'Residagi be parvandeh-ha-ye ma'vagheh dar olovviyat ast.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is the subject? 'Māliyāt-e ma'vagheh bayad tasviyeh shavad.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Who sent the notice? 'Bank ekhtar-e ma'vagheh ferestad.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is the list long? 'List-e ma'vaghāt kheyli tulāni ast.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is being collected? 'Vosul-e motalebate ma'vagheh aghāz shod.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Listen for the root: 'Ta'vigh dar pardakht-e ma'vaghāt.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:

/ 182 correct

Perfect score!

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