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A2 verb #4,000 más común 11 min de lectura

میل کردن

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos میل کردن en 30 segundos
Explicación میل کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn the basic verbs for daily life. You likely already know the verb 'khordan' (to eat). 'Meyl kardan' is your first introduction to the world of polite Persian. Think of it as the 'formal' version of 'to eat.' At this stage, you don't need to worry about all the complex rules of Ta'arof, but you should recognize that when someone says 'Meyl konid' to you, they are being very nice and inviting you to eat. It is a compound verb, meaning it has two parts: 'meyl' and 'kardan.' You only need to change the 'kardan' part to change the tense. For now, just remember the phrase 'Befarmāyid meyl konid' as a set expression for 'Please eat.' This will make you sound very polite even with a limited vocabulary. You should also know that it works for both food and drinks, so you don't need to learn a separate polite word for 'to drink' yet. Just using this one word will help you navigate most social situations involving food.
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At the A2 level, you should start using 'meyl kardan' actively when you are a host or when you are talking to someone older than you. You should understand that you must never use this verb for yourself. If someone asks you 'Ghazā khordi?' (Did you eat?), you answer 'Bale, khordam.' You should not say 'Bale, meyl kardam.' This is a very important distinction in Persian culture. You should also be able to conjugate it in the past and present tenses for other people. For example, 'Āyā shām meyl kardid?' (Did you [plural/formal] eat dinner?). You are moving beyond just 'khordan' and beginning to show respect through your word choice. You should also notice that 'meyl' is often used with 'dashtan' (to have) in questions like 'Chāy meyl dārid?' (Would you like tea?). This is a very common way to offer something politely. Practice using the imperative 'meyl konid' when you want to be a good host.
By the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the sociolinguistic implications of 'meyl kardan.' You understand that using this verb is part of the 'Ta'arof' system, which is essential for smooth social interactions in Iran. You should be able to use it in the subjunctive mood, which is very common in polite requests. For example, 'Mixāham ke kami mive meyl konid' (I want you to eat some fruit). You should also be able to distinguish between 'meyl kardan' and its synonyms like 'sarf kardan' or 'nush-e jān kardan.' At this level, you should also be aware of the negative forms and continuous tenses (e.g., 'dārand meyl mikonand'). You should start to notice the word 'meyl' in other contexts, like 'meyl-e khodetune' (it's up to you / as you wish), which comes from the same root of 'desire' or 'inclination.' Your ability to use 'meyl kardan' correctly for others while using 'khordan' for yourself is a key indicator of your progressing fluency.
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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of when *not* to use 'meyl kardan.' While it is polite, using it in an extremely casual setting with your best friends might sound ironic or distant. You should be able to navigate different social registers fluently. You can use 'meyl kardan' in formal letters or when describing the actions of respected figures in a story. You should also understand the Arabic origin of the word 'meyl' and how it relates to other Persian words like 'māyel' (inclined) or 'tamāyol' (tendency). Your grammar should be flawless when using this compound verb, including the correct placement of the 'rā' object marker. You should also be able to explain to others the cultural significance of this verb—how it shifts the focus from the animalistic act of 'eating' to the refined act of 'fulfilling a desire.' This level of cultural competency is just as important as grammatical accuracy.
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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'meyl kardan' and its more formal counterparts (like 'tanāvol kardan') with absolute precision. You understand the historical development of these honorifics and how they reflect the hierarchical and respectful nature of Persian society. You can identify 'meyl kardan' in classical and modern literature and analyze why the author chose that specific verb over 'khordan' or 'sarf kardan.' You should also be comfortable with complex sentence structures involving 'meyl kardan,' such as passive forms or complex participial phrases. In high-level discussions about Persian etiquette, you can discuss how verbs like 'meyl kardan' function as 'upward-pointing' honorifics. Your usage should be so natural that it reflects the subtle 'self-lowering' and 'other-exalting' logic of Ta'arof without you having to think about it. You might even use it sarcastically in specific literary or comedic contexts, showing a deep mastery of the language's emotional range.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'meyl kardan' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You understand the finest shades of meaning and the rhythmic role the verb plays in formal oratory. You can use it to set a specific tone in your writing—whether it's a formal invitation, a piece of creative fiction, or a diplomatic report. You are aware of regional variations in how polite verbs are used and can adapt your speech accordingly. You understand the deep psychological underpinnings of why Persian uses 'meyl' (inclination) as a euphemism for consumption. You can effortlessly switch between 'meyl kardan,' 'nush-e jān kardan,' and 'tanāvol kardan' to create exactly the right social atmosphere. At this level, the verb is no longer a 'rule' you follow, but a tool you use to navigate and shape the complex social landscape of the Persian-speaking world.
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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

میل کردن en 30 segundos

  • A polite compound verb used for 'to eat' or 'to drink' when addressing others.
  • Essential for Persian etiquette (Ta'arof) and showing respect to guests or elders.
  • Formed from 'meyl' (desire) + 'kardan' (to do); never used for oneself.
  • Interchangeable for both food and liquids in formal and semi-formal registers.

The Persian compound verb میل کردن (meyl kardan) is a cornerstone of polite Persian conversation, particularly within the intricate social framework known as Ta'arof. At its most basic level, it translates to 'to eat' or 'to drink,' but its usage is far more nuanced than the standard verb خوردن (khordan). The word meyl itself is derived from the Arabic root for 'inclination,' 'desire,' or 'appetite.' Therefore, when you use میل کردن, you are literally talking about 'exercising one's inclination' or 'fulfilling one's desire' for food or drink. This shift in focus from the mechanical act of eating to the desire for the food elevates the conversation to a more respectful and formal register.

Register and Context
This verb is predominantly used in the second and third person. It is used by a host to invite guests to eat, or by someone inquiring if a person of higher social standing or a guest has finished their meal. Using it for oneself (e.g., saying 'I am mil-ing' instead of 'I am eating') is generally avoided as it can sound overly self-important or pompous in many contexts, though it occasionally appears in very high-formal speech.

بفرمایید، کمی میوه میل کنید.
(Befarmāyid, kami mive meyl konid.)
Please, have (eat) some fruit.

In a typical Iranian household, the moment you enter, you will likely be offered tea or sweets. The host will rarely say 'Bokhor' (Eat!), which sounds like a command you might give to a child or a very close friend. Instead, they will use the imperative form of میل کردن. This demonstrates the host's humility and respect for the guest's agency and appetite. It transforms the act of consumption into a shared social grace. Furthermore, the verb is versatile; unlike English, which distinguishes between 'eat' and 'drink,' میل کردن covers both liquids and solids, making it the perfect all-purpose polite verb for the dinner table.

Semantic Nuance
While 'khordan' focuses on the physical action, 'meyl kardan' focuses on the enjoyment and the willingness of the person. It acknowledges the guest's presence as an honored individual rather than just a consumer of calories.

آیا چای میل دارید؟
(Āyā chāy meyl dārid?)
Would you like (to drink) some tea?

Note that in the example above, 'meyl dāshtan' (to have the desire) is often used interchangeably with 'meyl kardan' in questions. However, 'kardan' implies the action itself. If you are at a restaurant, the waiter will almost certainly ask, 'Chi meyl mikonid?' (What will you be having?). This establishes a professional yet respectful distance. In literature and formal speeches, this verb is used to describe the dining habits of royalty or respected figures, emphasizing the cultural value placed on refined behavior around food. To master this word is to master a significant portion of Persian social etiquette.

Grammatically, میل کردن is a compound verb consisting of the noun meyl and the light verb kardan. Understanding how to conjugate kardan is the key to using this phrase correctly across all tenses. Because it is a polite verb, it is most frequently used in the formal second person plural (shomā) or the third person plural to show respect to a single individual.

Present Continuous
To describe someone currently eating in a polite way: 'Ishān dārand ghazā meyl mikonand' (They are [honorific] eating food).

مهمان‌ها مشغول میل کردن عصرانه هستند.
(Mehmānhā mashghul-e meyl kardan-e asrāne hastand.)
The guests are busy having their afternoon snack.

When forming the imperative (giving a polite command or invitation), we use the 'be-' prefix with the present stem of kardan, which is kon. Thus, 'Befarmāyid meyl bokonid' (Please go ahead and eat). In modern spoken Persian, the 'bo-' prefix is often dropped in compound verbs, resulting in 'Befarmāyid meyl konid.' This is the most common phrase you will hear at any Iranian dinner table. It is important to note that the object of the verb (the food or drink) usually comes before the verb and may or may not take the object marker 'rā' depending on whether the object is specific.

Past Tense Usage
To ask if someone has already eaten: 'Āyā ghazā meyl kardid?' (Did you eat food?). This is much more polite than 'Ghazā khordid?'.

دیشب شام را در رستوران میل کردند.
(Dishab shām rā dar restorān meyl kardand.)
They [honorific] had dinner at the restaurant last night.

In the future tense, which is used more in written or very formal spoken Persian, the auxiliary 'khāhad' is used: 'Ishān ghazā khāhand meyl kard' (They will eat food). However, in daily life, the present simple is used for future intent: 'Fardā bā mā shām meyl mikonid?' (Will you have dinner with us tomorrow?). This verb also appears in the subjunctive mood frequently, especially after verbs like 'mixāham' (I want) or 'omidvāram' (I hope). For example: 'Omidvāram az in ghazā meyl konid' (I hope you eat some of this food). Using the subjunctive correctly with میل کردن adds a layer of sophistication to your Persian that native speakers will highly appreciate.

To hear میل کردن in its natural habitat, one must step into the world of Iranian hospitality. The most frequent setting is a private home. When a guest is seated, the host will bring a tray of sweets (shirini) and fruit. The host will not simply place it down; they will gesture toward the tray and say, 'Befarmāyid meyl konid.' This is the quintessential Iranian welcome. You will also hear it in high-end restaurants. A waiter in a traditional or luxury establishment in Tehran or Shiraz will never ask 'What do you want to eat?' using 'khordan.' Instead, they will bow slightly and ask, 'Che ghazāyi meyl mikonid?'

Formal Ceremonies
At weddings, religious gatherings, or official banquets, the master of ceremonies or the host will use this verb to invite hundreds of people to the buffet or dining hall. It maintains a level of decorum necessary for such events.

جناب رئیس‌جمهور ناهار را با هیئت همراه میل کردند.
(Jenāb-e ra'is-jomhur nāhār rā bā hey'at-e hamrāh meyl kardand.)
The Mr. President had lunch with the accompanying delegation.

Television and media are other places where this verb is ubiquitous. In historical dramas (سریال‌های تاریخی), characters portraying royalty or the nobility exclusively use میل کردن. Even in modern talk shows, the host will use it when offering water or tea to a guest. It is also found in literature. If a novelist wants to describe a character as refined, wealthy, or well-mannered, they will describe their eating habits using this verb. Conversely, using 'khordan' for a noble character might be a stylistic choice to show they are angry, uncouth, or in a state of distress.

Business Contexts
During business lunches, using 'meyl kardan' when referring to your client's actions is a subtle way to show professional deference. It helps in building 'Rābete' (relationship) which is crucial in Persian business culture.

آیا مایل هستید عصرانه را در هتل میل کنید؟
(Āyā māyel hastid asrāne rā dar hotel meyl konid?)
Would you like to have the afternoon snack at the hotel?

Finally, you will hear it in the context of health and medicine. A doctor might ask a patient, 'Ishtehā dārid? Ghazā khub meyl mikonid?' (Do you have an appetite? Are you eating well?). Here, the use of میل کردن adds a touch of bedside manner, making the inquiry feel more like a caring gesture rather than a clinical interrogation. Whether in the home, the palace, or the clinic, this verb is the linguistic oil that smoothes over the social interactions of daily life in Iran.

The most common mistake learners make with میل کردن is using it to describe their own actions. In the system of Ta'arof, there is a concept of 'self-abasement' and 'other-exaltation.' You use humble verbs for yourself and honorific verbs for others. Saying 'Man dāram ghazā meyl mikonam' (I am [honorifically] eating food) sounds like you are calling yourself a king or a person of immense importance. It is the linguistic equivalent of referring to yourself in the third person or calling yourself 'His Excellency.' Instead, always use خوردن (khordan) for yourself.

Mistake #1: Self-Referencing
Incorrect: 'Man shām meyl kardam.' (I honorifically ate dinner.)
Correct: 'Man shām khordam.' (I ate dinner.)

❌ من دارم چای میل می‌کنم.
✅ من دارم چای می‌خورم.

Another frequent error is confusing میل کردن (the action of eating/drinking) with میل داشتن (the state of wanting/desiring). While they are related, they are not always interchangeable. 'Meyl dārid?' means 'Do you want (some)?', whereas 'Meyl mikonid?' means 'Will you eat (some)?'. Using 'meyl kardan' when you mean 'to want' can lead to confusion in specific grammatical structures, especially when followed by another verb. For example, to say 'I want to go,' you must use 'meyl dāram beravam,' not 'meyl mikonam beravam.'

Mistake #2: Over-using Ta'arof
Using 'meyl kardan' with very close friends or children can sometimes feel sarcastic or unnecessarily stiff. If you are telling your younger brother to finish his soup, 'bokhor' is perfectly fine. 'Meyl kon' might make him think you're making fun of him.

❌ (To a child) عزیزم، سوپت را میل کن.
✅ (To a child) عزیزم، سوپت را بخور.

Finally, learners sometimes forget that میل کردن is a compound verb. In negative forms, the 'na-' prefix must go on the 'kardan' part, not the 'meyl' part. It is 'meyl nakardand,' not 'nameyl kardand.' Similarly, in the present continuous, it is 'dārand meyl mikonand,' not 'meyl dārand mikonand.' Mastering the placement of these prefixes is essential for grammatical accuracy. By avoiding these common pitfalls—especially the self-referencing error—you will sound much more like a native speaker who understands the cultural heart of the Persian language.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for the act of consumption, each with its own level of formality and specific context. Understanding the spectrum from 'khordan' to 'tanāvol kardan' will help you choose the right word for every occasion. While میل کردن is the most common polite form, there are others you should know.

1. خوردن (Khordan)
The standard, neutral verb. Used for oneself, for children, for animals, and in casual settings among close friends. It is the 'base' verb.
2. نوش جان کردن (Nush-e jān kardan)
A very poetic and common alternative. 'Nush-e jān' means 'may it be sweet to your soul.' Using this as a verb (to 'nush-e jan' something) is even more polite and warm than 'meyl kardan.' It's often used by a host when they see a guest enjoying the food.

بفرمایید شام را نوش جان کنید.
(Befarmāyid shām rā nush-e jān konid.)
Please, enjoy your dinner (lit: make it sweet to your soul).

Then there is تناول کردن (tanāvol kardan). This is extremely formal, almost archaic. You will find it in classical literature, formal historical biographies, or very high-level diplomatic speech. It is even more 'exalted' than میل کردن. Using it in a normal house might sound like you are performing a play from the 18th century.

3. صرف کردن (Sarf kardan)
Commonly used for meals specifically (breakfast, lunch, dinner). You might see 'Sarf-e nāhār' (having lunch) in an invitation. It is formal and professional.

ایشان مشغول صرف صبحانه هستند.
(Ishān mashghul-e sarf-e sobhāne hastand.)
They [honorific] are busy having breakfast.

For liquids, you also have نوشیدن (nushidan), which is the standard verb for 'to drink.' However, in polite speech, میل کردن still replaces نوشیدن. For example, 'Chāy meyl mikonid?' is much more common than 'Chāy minushid?'. In slang or very casual Persian, people might use 'Zadan' (to hit/strike) for eating, like 'Berim ye pitzā bezanim' (Let's go hit/grab a pizza). Obviously, you should never use 'Zadan' in any context where 'Meyl kardan' would be appropriate! Choosing the right synonym is all about reading the room and knowing your relationship with the person you are speaking to.

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

In Arabic, 'meyl' also refers to a physical leaning, like a tower that isn't straight. In Persian, it became purely psychological and then social (eating).

Guía de pronunciación

UK /meɪl kæɾˈdæn/
US /meɪl kɑːrˈdæn/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of the verb: kar-DÁN.
Rima con
سیل (seyl) خیل (kheyl) لیل (leyl) نیل (nil - slant) فیل (fil - slant) بی‌میل (bi-meyl) تعدیل (ta'dil) تجلیل (tajlil)
Errores comunes
  • Pronouncing 'meyl' like 'meal' (it should be 'mail').
  • Over-emphasizing the 'r' in 'kardan' like an American 'r' instead of a Persian flap.
  • Misplacing the stress on 'MEYL' instead of 'kardan'.
  • Merging the two words into one sound without a slight break.
  • Pronouncing 'kardan' like 'curtain'.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts once you know 'meyl' and 'kardan'.

Escritura 3/5

Requires remembering it's a compound verb and not using it for yourself.

Expresión oral 4/5

Hardest part is the cultural timing and avoiding self-usage.

Escucha 2/5

Very common in hospitality settings; easy to hear.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

خوردن کردن بفرمایید غذا چای

Aprende después

نوش جان کردن تشریف داشتن صرف کردن زحمت کشیدن مرحمت کردن

Avanzado

تناول کردن استسقاء تغذی مایحتاج اطعام

Gramática que debes saber

Compound Verb Conjugation

Only 'kardan' changes: meyl mikonam, meyl kardi, meyl kard.

Honorific Plurality

Using 'mikonand' (they do) for a single respected person.

Subjunctive Prefix 'be-'

In 'meyl bokonid', the 'bo' is often omitted in speech: 'meyl konid'.

Object Marker 'rā'

Ghazā rā meyl kardid? (Did you eat the food?)

Negative Prefix 'na-'

It attaches to the light verb: meyl nakardand.

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

بفرمایید، چای میل کنید.

Please, have some tea.

Imperative form: meyl konid.

2

آیا شما میوه میل می‌کنید؟

Do you eat fruit?

Present simple question.

3

او ناهار میل می‌کند.

He/She is eating lunch.

Third person singular, polite.

4

کمی شیرینی میل کنید.

Have some sweets.

Imperative invitation.

5

آن‌ها آب میل می‌کنند.

They are drinking water.

Third person plural.

6

بفرمایید شام میل کنید.

Please have dinner.

Formal invitation.

7

مادرم قهوه میل می‌کند.

My mother is having coffee.

Showing respect to a parent.

8

آیا شکلات میل دارید؟

Would you like some chocolate?

Using 'meyl dāshtan' for offering.

1

مهمان‌ها عصرانه میل کردند.

The guests had an afternoon snack.

Simple past tense.

2

چرا ناهار میل نمی‌کنید؟

Why aren't you eating lunch?

Negative present simple.

3

ما می‌خواهیم شما با ما شام میل کنید.

We want you to have dinner with us.

Subjunctive mood: meyl konid.

4

استاد، بفرمایید چای میل کنید.

Professor, please have some tea.

Honorific usage for a teacher.

5

آن‌ها دیشب در رستوران غذا میل کردند.

They had food at the restaurant last night.

Past tense with a location.

6

آیا مایل هستید کمی دسر میل کنید؟

Would you like to have some dessert?

Combining 'māyel' with 'meyl kardan'.

7

پدربزرگ همیشه صبح زود صبحانه میل می‌کنند.

Grandfather always has breakfast early in the morning.

Plural verb for singular respect.

8

لطفاً کمی بیشتر میل کنید.

Please eat a bit more.

Standard Ta'arof phrase.

1

اگر گرسنه هستید، بفرمایید ناهار میل کنید.

If you are hungry, please go ahead and have lunch.

Conditional sentence.

2

امیدوارم که از این شیرینی‌ها میل کنید.

I hope that you eat some of these sweets.

Subjunctive after 'omidvāram'.

3

ایشان هنوز صبحانه میل نکرده‌اند.

They [honorific] haven't had breakfast yet.

Present perfect, polite.

4

می‌توانید هر چه دوست دارید میل کنید.

You can eat whatever you like.

Modal verb 'mitavānid' followed by subjunctive.

5

وقتی رسیدیم، آن‌ها داشتند شام میل می‌کردند.

When we arrived, they were having dinner.

Past continuous tense.

6

ببخشید، آیا میل دارید چای بنوشید یا قهوه؟

Excuse me, would you like to drink tea or coffee?

Polite inquiry.

7

بفرمایید، قبل از اینکه سرد شود میل کنید.

Please, eat it before it gets cold.

Imperative with a temporal clause.

8

او با ادب فراوان غذا را میل کرد.

He ate the food with great politeness.

Adverbial phrase 'bā adab-e farāvān'.

1

در تمام مدت جلسه، ایشان فقط یک استکان چای میل کردند.

During the entire meeting, he only had one small glass of tea.

Emphasizing restraint and politeness.

2

بسیار خوشحال می‌شویم اگر فردا شب شام را در منزل ما میل کنید.

We would be very happy if you would have dinner at our home tomorrow night.

Conditional type 2/3 structure.

3

معمولاً در این مراسم، مهمانان ایستاده عصرانه میل می‌کنند.

Usually in this ceremony, guests have snacks while standing.

Describing a social custom.

4

آیا پزشک به شما اجازه داده است که غذای چرب میل کنید؟

Has the doctor allowed you to eat fatty food?

Inquiry about medical permission.

5

با وجود اصرار ما، ایشان چیزی میل نکردند.

Despite our insistence, they did not eat anything.

Contrastive sentence with 'bā vojud-e'.

6

پیشنهاد می‌کنم ابتدا کمی سوپ میل کنید تا گرم شوید.

I suggest you have some soup first to warm up.

Subjunctive after 'pishnehād mikonam'.

7

در آن زمان، پادشاهان در ظرف‌های طلا غذا میل می‌کردند.

At that time, kings used to eat food in golden dishes.

Habitual past in a historical context.

8

شما می‌توانید در فضای باز ناهار میل کنید.

You can have lunch in the open air.

Permission and possibility.

1

پذیرایی چنان مجلل بود که گویی شاهزادگان در حال میل کردن طعام هستند.

The catering was so magnificent that it was as if princes were dining.

Simile with 'guyi'.

2

ایشان با چنان وقاری میل می‌کردند که تحسین همگان را برانگیخت.

They ate with such dignity that it piqued everyone's admiration.

Result clause with 'chonān... ke'.

3

از شما دعوت می‌شود جهت میل کردن صبحانه کاری به ما بپیوندید.

You are invited to join us for a working breakfast.

Passive voice 'davvat mishavad'.

4

میل کردن غذا در تنهایی برای او دشوار بود.

Eating food in solitude was difficult for him.

Gerund usage as a subject.

5

او ترجیح می‌داد در سکوت کامل غذایش را میل کند.

He preferred to have his food in total silence.

Subjunctive with 'tarjih midād'.

6

آیا مایلید پیش از شروع سخنرانی، کمی تجدید قوا کرده و چیزی میل کنید؟

Would you like to refresh yourself and have something to eat before starting the speech?

High-level professional Ta'arof.

7

در متون کهن، برای پادشاهان از واژه «تناول» به جای «میل کردن» استفاده می‌شد.

In ancient texts, the word 'tanāvol' was used for kings instead of 'meyl kardan'.

Linguistic comparison.

8

او چنان به آداب معاشرت پایبند بود که حتی در تنهایی نیز با رعایت کامل تشریفات میل می‌کرد.

He was so committed to etiquette that even in solitude, he would dine with full observance of formalities.

Character description using register.

1

فلسفه استفاده از «میل کردن» در فرهنگ ایرانی، ریشه در تکریم مهمان و تلطیف عمل خوردن دارد.

The philosophy of using 'meyl kardan' in Iranian culture is rooted in honoring the guest and refining the act of eating.

Philosophical/Sociological analysis.

2

هرگونه تعلل در میل کردن طعام، ممکن است بی‌احترامی به میزبان تلقی گردد.

Any hesitation in eating the food might be perceived as disrespect to the host.

Complex formal structure with 'talaghghi gardad'.

3

ایشان با ظرافتی خاص، لقمه‌هایی کوچک میل می‌کردند که گویای تربیت اشرافی‌شان بود.

They ate small morsels with a particular elegance that spoke of their aristocratic upbringing.

Descriptive narrative style.

4

در این ضیافت، فرصتی فراهم شد تا سفرا در فضایی صمیمی شام میل کرده و به گفتگو بپردازند.

At this banquet, an opportunity was provided for the ambassadors to have dinner in a friendly atmosphere and engage in conversation.

Formal diplomatic reporting.

5

استفاده نابجا از این فعل برای خود، نشان‌دهنده عدم تسلط بر ظرایف زبانی است.

Inappropriate use of this verb for oneself indicates a lack of mastery over linguistic nuances.

Meta-linguistic commentary.

6

اگرچه میل کردن غذا نیازی فیزیولوژیک است، اما در این ساحت، به کنشی فرهنگی بدل گشته است.

Although eating food is a physiological need, in this realm, it has turned into a cultural act.

Contrastive philosophical statement.

7

وی با کراهت تمام، جرعه‌ای از آن نوشیدنی تلخ میل کرد.

With total reluctance, he took a sip of that bitter drink.

Using a polite verb to describe an unpleasant action.

8

دعوت به میل کردن نمک، نمادی از پیوند دوستی و وفاداری در فرهنگ‌های باستانی بود.

The invitation to partake of salt was a symbol of the bond of friendship and loyalty in ancient cultures.

Historical/Cultural symbolism.

Colocaciones comunes

غذا میل کردن
چای میل کردن
شام میل کردن
میوه میل کردن
صبحانه میل کردن
کمی میل کردن
با اشتها میل کردن
دسر میل کردن
شربت میل کردن
چیزی میل کردن

Frases Comunes

بفرمایید میل کنید

— A standard invitation to start eating.

شام حاضر است، بفرمایید میل کنید.

میل دارید؟

— Would you like some? (Polite offer).

کمی قهوه میل دارید؟

چیزی میل ندارم

— I don't want anything (Polite refusal, though 'khordan' is safer for self).

ممنون، فعلاً چیزی میل ندارم.

میل‌تان چیست؟

— What is your preference/What would you like to eat?

برای دسر میل‌تان چیست؟

هر چه میل شماست

— Whatever you desire/Whatever you prefer.

کجا برویم؟ هر چه میل شماست.

میل خودتان است

— It's up to you (often used in Ta'arof).

می‌خواهید بمانید یا بروید؟ میل خودتان است.

با میل و رغبت

— With great desire and willingness.

او با میل و رغبت کمک کرد.

بی‌میل بودن

— To be reluctant or have no appetite.

او نسبت به غذا بی‌میل بود.

میل به غذا

— Appetite for food.

امروز اصلاً میل به غذا ندارم.

به میل خود

— According to one's own wish.

او به میل خود رفتار می‌کند.

Se confunde a menudo con

میل کردن vs میل داشتن

Means 'to desire/want' rather than the act of 'eating/drinking'.

میل کردن vs میل کردن (technical)

In very specific engineering contexts, it can refer to a 'mile' or a shaft, but this is rare.

میل کردن vs مایل بودن

Means 'to be inclined to do something' (like going to the park), not specifically eating.

Modismos y expresiones

"میل‌اش نمی‌کشد"

— He/She doesn't feel like it / Has no appetite for it.

هر چه گفتم، میل‌اش نمی‌کشید بیاید.

Informal
"به میل کسی رقصیدن"

— To dance to someone's tune (to do whatever they want).

من نمی‌خواهم به میل او برقصم.

Informal
"میل فیل کردن"

— To have an enormous appetite (rare/humorous).

انگار میل فیل کرده است!

Slang
"چشمش میل می‌زند"

— To look at something with great desire.

چشمش به آن ماشین میل می‌زند.

Colloquial
"میل داشتن به چیزی"

— To have a craving for something.

میل به ترشی دارم.

Neutral
"از روی بی‌میلی"

— Reluctantly.

او از روی بی‌میلی قبول کرد.

Formal
"میل ملوکانه"

— The royal desire (used sarcastically for someone being bossy).

میل ملوکانه شما چیست؟

Sarcastic
"به میل دل"

— To one's heart's content.

به میل دل خودش زندگی می‌کند.

Poetic
"میل شدید"

— Intense craving.

میل شدیدی به شیرینی دارم.

Neutral
"بی‌میل و رغبت"

— Half-heartedly.

بی‌میل و رغبت به کار ادامه داد.

Formal

Fácil de confundir

میل کردن vs خوردن

Both mean 'to eat'.

Khordan is neutral/informal and used for self. Meyl kardan is polite and used for others.

من می‌خورم، شما میل می‌کنید.

میل کردن vs نوشیدن

Both involve consumption.

Nushidan is only for liquids. Meyl kardan is for both food and liquids.

آب میل می‌کنید؟

میل کردن vs صرف کردن

Both are polite.

Sarf kardan is slightly more formal and usually refers to a full meal session.

صرف ناهار.

میل کردن vs تناول کردن

Both are polite.

Tanāvol is extremely formal/literary; meyl kardan is everyday polite.

پادشاه تناول کرد.

میل کردن vs خواستن

Because 'meyl' means desire.

Khāstan is 'to want' (general). Meyl kardan is the polite act of eating.

می‌خواهم میل کنید.

Patrones de oraciones

A1

Befarmāyid [Food] meyl konid.

بفرمایید چای میل کنید.

A2

Āyā [Food] meyl dārid?

آیا کمی میوه میل دارید؟

B1

Omidvāram [Food] meyl konid.

امیدوارم این دسر را میل کنید.

B2

Agar māyelid, [Food] meyl konid.

اگر مایلید، ناهار را اینجا میل کنید.

C1

Ishān mashghul-e meyl kardan-e [Food] budand.

ایشان مشغول میل کردن طعام بودند.

C2

Kereh-e meyl kardan-e [Food] dar farhang...

کره میل کردن طعام در فرهنگ ما...

A2

Chi meyl mikonid?

برای صبحانه چی میل می‌کنید؟

B1

[Person] ghazā meyl nakardand.

آقای مدیر هنوز غذا میل نکرده‌اند.

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

میل (desire)
تمایل (tendency)
مایلی (inclination - rare)

Verbos

مایل بودن (to be inclined)
تمایل داشتن (to have a tendency)

Adjetivos

مایل (inclined)
بی‌میل (reluctant)
میلی (optional/voluntary)

Relacionado

اشتها (appetite)
رغبت (inclination)
خواهش (request)
اراده (will)
قصد (intention)
Regístrate gratis para ver todos los ejemplos

Cómo usarlo

frequency

Extremely common in social and formal contexts.

Errores comunes
  • Using it for yourself. → Man ghazā khordam.

    It sounds like you are exalting yourself.

  • Saying 'Na-meyl kardam'. → Meyl nakardam.

    The negative prefix goes on the verb, not the noun.

  • Using it for animals. → Sag ghazā khord.

    Polite verbs are only for humans.

  • Confusing with 'Meyl dāshtan'. → Depends on context.

    Kardan is the action; Dashtan is the feeling.

  • Pronouncing it 'Meel'. → Meyl (rhymes with mail).

    Incorrect vowel sound changes the word.

Consejos

The Tea Rule

Whenever you offer tea, always use 'Meyl dārid?' or 'Meyl konid'. It's the gold standard of Iranian hospitality.

Prefix Placement

Always put 'mi-' or 'na-' on the 'kardan' part. Never say 'nameyl kard'.

Ta'arof Timing

You might need to offer 'meyl konid' three times before a guest actually accepts!

The 'Desire' Root

Remember that 'meyl' means desire. You are literally asking someone if they 'do their desire'.

Soft 'L'

The 'l' in 'meyl' is light, like in 'leaf', not heavy like in 'ball'.

Formal Invitations

Use 'جهت میل کردن' (for the purpose of dining) in written invites.

Waiter Talk

Waiters will almost always use this. Listen for it next time you are in a Persian restaurant.

Don't Be Too Stiff

With your kids or spouse, 'khordan' is better. 'Meyl kardan' might sound like a joke.

Mail Invitation

Associate 'Meyl' with 'Mail'. You mail a dinner invite.

Subjunctive Use

Master 'Meyl konid' vs 'Meyl bokonid'. Both are okay, but 'konid' is more modern.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of 'Mail Card'. You send a 'Mail Card' to invite someone to a 'Meyl Kardan' dinner.

Asociación visual

Imagine a guest looking at a plate of food with a 'desire' (meyl) in their eyes, and the host 'doing' (kardan) the honors of serving them.

Word Web

Food Politeness Drink Guest Host Ta'arof Desire Respect

Desafío

Try to use 'meyl kardan' three times today when offering water or snacks to your colleagues or family members.

Origen de la palabra

The word 'meyl' is an Arabic loanword (مَيْل) meaning 'inclination,' 'leaning,' or 'bent.' It was integrated into Persian and paired with the native Persian light verb 'kardan' (to do/make).

Significado original: To make an inclination or to act upon a desire.

Afro-Asiatic (Arabic) root + Indo-European (Persian) verb.

Contexto cultural

Never use this verb for animals; it is strictly for humans to show respect. Using it for yourself is a major social faux pas.

The closest equivalent is 'Would you like to dine?' or 'Will you be having...?', which are much more formal than 'Do you want to eat?'.

Saadi's Gulistan mentions the etiquette of dining. Modern Iranian films like 'A Separation' show Ta'arof in action. Hafez uses 'meyl' in poems to describe the soul's longing.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

At a Friend's House

  • خیلی ممنون، میل ندارم.
  • بفرمایید، کمی بیشتر میل کنید.
  • واقعاً خوشمزه است، حتماً میل می‌کنم.
  • آیا چای میل دارید؟

In a Restaurant

  • چی میل می‌کنید؟
  • صورت‌حساب را میل می‌کنید؟ (Incorrect usage example)
  • دسر میل دارید؟
  • نوشیدنی چی میل می‌کنید؟

Business Meeting

  • بفرمایید، پذیرایی مختصری میل کنید.
  • قبل از جلسه چیزی میل می‌کنید؟
  • ایشان ناهار را میل کردند.
  • وقت برای میل کردن ناهار داریم.

Doctor's Office

  • آیا غذا خوب میل می‌کنید؟
  • اشتها برای میل کردن دارید؟
  • نباید غذای سنگین میل کنید.
  • دارو را بعد از میل کردن غذا بخورید.

Formal Event

  • میهمانان عزیز، بفرمایید شام میل کنید.
  • از شما دعوت می‌شود عصرانه میل کنید.
  • ایشان در حال میل کردن هستند.
  • آیا همه میل کردند؟

Inicios de conversación

"ببخشید، آیا میل دارید قبل از شروع کار کمی چای میل کنید؟"

"شنیدم این رستوران عالی است، دوست دارید آنجا شام میل کنید؟"

"بفرمایید، این شیرینی‌ها خانگی هستند، حتماً میل کنید."

"آیا برای ناهار میل خاصی دارید یا هر چه باشد میل می‌کنید؟"

"مهمان‌های ما رسیدند، به نظرتان الان میوه میل می‌کنند؟"

Temas para diario

Write about the first time you were offered food in an Iranian home and how you used 'meyl kardan'.

Describe a formal dinner where everyone used very polite language. What did they 'meyl'?

Compare the feeling of 'khordan' versus 'meyl kardan'. Why does the latter feel more respectful?

Imagine you are a waiter in a luxury hotel. Write down five questions you would ask guests using 'meyl kardan'.

Reflect on the concept of Ta'arof and how 'meyl kardan' fits into the idea of honoring others.

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

No, it is considered very arrogant. Use 'khordan' instead.

It means both! It is a universal polite verb for consumption.

Yes, if you want to be slightly formal or show extra respect, but 'khordan' is more common with close friends.

Meyl kardam (but remember, don't use it for yourself!), meyl kardi, meyl kard, etc.

You can say 'Mamnun, meyl nadāram' (Thanks, I don't have the inclination).

Yes, very frequently in novels and formal biographies.

'Meyl' is the noun (desire), and 'māyel' is the adjective (inclined).

No, that would be very strange. Use 'khordan' for animals.

It is most common in Iran. In Afghanistan and Tajikistan, other polite forms may be more prevalent.

Yes, it comes from the Arabic root for 'leaning' or 'inclination'.

Regístrate gratis para ver consejos y notas

Ponte a prueba 200 preguntas

writing

Translate: 'Please have some fruit.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence asking a guest if they want tea.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'They were eating dinner at the restaurant.' (Polite)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a formal invitation sentence for lunch.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Explain in Persian why you don't use 'meyl kardan' for yourself.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'Did the professor have breakfast?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Use 'meyl kardan' in the negative past tense.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'I hope you enjoyed the sweets.' (Polite)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence using 'meyl kardan' and 'Ta'arof'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'What will you be having for dessert?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a short dialogue between a host and a guest.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'He ate with great dignity.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Use 'meyl kardan' in the present continuous.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'Would you like to drink something cold?'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence about a king dining.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'Don't eat too much.' (Polite to a guest)

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'They haven't had their snacks yet.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Use the word 'meyl' as a noun in a sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Translate: 'Please dine with us tonight.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing

Write a sentence using the future tense of 'meyl kardan'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Pronounce: میل کردن

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Invite a guest to eat fruit.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Ask a coworker if they want coffee.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say politely that the guests are eating.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Ask your boss if they've had lunch.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Offer someone more food.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'I hope you enjoyed the food.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Ask: 'What would you like for dinner?'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'Please don't hesitate to eat.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Ask if someone drinks green tea.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'They are having breakfast.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Invite someone to a business lunch.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'I don't have an appetite.' (Polite refused)

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Tell a guest the tea is ready.

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Ask: 'Where did you have dinner last night?'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'Please have some of this dessert.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Ask: 'Would you like to dine inside or outside?'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'He ate very little.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Ask: 'What do you usually have for breakfast?'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
speaking

Say: 'Please enjoy your meal.'

Read this aloud:

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Identify the verb: 'Befarmāyid kami chāy meyl konid.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is the speaker being polite? 'Ghazā meyl kardid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is being offered? 'Mive meyl dārid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Who is eating? 'Ishān dārand nāhār meyl mikonand.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is it a question or a statement? 'Chi meyl mikonid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Translate the verb heard: 'Meyl nakardand.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What meal is mentioned? 'Sobhāne meyl kardid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is the person inviting or refusing? 'Befarmāyid meyl konid.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Listen for the object: 'Shām meyl mikonid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is it past or present? 'Meyl kardand.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What liquid is mentioned? 'Ghahve meyl dārid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Identify the polite word: 'Befarmāyid kami shirini meyl konid.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Is it plural or singular? 'Meyl mikonid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

What is the tone? 'Meyl dārid?'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
listening

Did they eat much? 'Kheli kam meyl kardand.'

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
error correction

من ناهار میل کردم.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: من ناهار خوردم.

Don't use meyl kardan for yourself.

error correction

او ناهار نامیل کرد.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: او ناهار میل نکرد.

Negative prefix goes on 'kardan'.

error correction

بفرمایید چای خورد کنید.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: بفرمایید چای میل کنید.

'Khord kardan' means to chop; 'Meyl kardan' means to drink.

error correction

گربه شیر میل کرد.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: گربه شیر خورد.

Don't use polite verbs for animals.

error correction

آیا شما میوه میل هستید؟

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: آیا شما میوه میل دارید / می‌کنید؟

Use 'kardan' or 'dashtan', not 'budan'.

error correction

آن‌ها دارند میل غذا می‌کنند.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: آن‌ها دارند غذا میل می‌کنند.

The object comes before the compound verb.

error correction

بفرمایید میل بکن.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: بفرمایید میل کنید.

'Befarmāyid' requires the formal 'konid'.

error correction

او ناهار را میل کردید.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: او ناهار را میل کرد.

Subject-verb agreement error.

error correction

آیا میل به چای می‌کنی؟

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: آیا چای میل می‌کنی؟ / آیا میل به چای داری؟

Incorrect prepositional usage.

error correction

من میل دارم بروم غذا میل کنم.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: من میل دارم بروم غذا بخورم.

Again, avoid self-referencing with meyl kardan.

/ 200 correct

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