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A1 noun #2,552 más común 11 min de lectura

命令

meirei
Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos 命令 en 30 segundos
Explicación 命令 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Japanese language. While the word '命令' (meirei) itself might seem a bit advanced or formal for absolute beginners, the concept of a 'command' is fundamental to basic communication. At this stage, you will primarily encounter the idea of commands in the classroom setting. Your teacher will use simple imperative forms or strong requests to manage the class. For example, you will hear phrases like '座ってください' (suwatte kudasai - please sit down), '聞いてください' (kiite kudasai - please listen), or '見てください' (mite kudasai - please look). While these are technically polite requests ending in 'kudasai', in the context of a classroom, they function as gentle commands. You do not need to actively use the word 'meirei' yet, but you should understand that Japanese has specific ways of telling people what to do. It is also important to recognize that direct commands are rarely used in polite Japanese society. As a beginner, your focus should be on learning how to politely ask for things using '〜てください' (te kudasai) rather than issuing orders. If you try to translate the English word 'order' directly and act bossy, it will sound very unnatural and rude in Japanese. Focus on building a foundation of polite requests and understanding the teacher's instructions. The concept of 'meirei' will become more relevant as you learn about Japanese culture and social hierarchy in later stages.
As you progress to the A2 level, your understanding of daily life in Japan expands, and so does your exposure to different types of communication. At this stage, you might start seeing the word '命令' (meirei) in simple texts, perhaps in a simplified news article or a manga. You will also become more familiar with the grammatical forms used to give commands, even if you don't use the word 'meirei' itself frequently. For instance, you will learn the '〜なさい' (nasai) form, which is a soft but firm command used by parents to children or teachers to students, such as '勉強しなさい' (benkyou shinasai - study!). This is a practical application of a 'meirei' in daily life. You will also start noticing public signs that issue commands, like '止まれ' (tomare - stop) on traffic signs. These use the direct imperative form (meireikei). Understanding that these signs are absolute commands (meirei) is crucial for your safety and integration into society. At the A2 level, you should be able to comprehend simple sentences like 'これは先生の命令です' (This is the teacher's order) and understand the gravity it carries. You are learning that Japanese society relies heavily on following rules and instructions, and recognizing when something is a non-negotiable command versus a polite suggestion is a key cultural and linguistic skill you are developing.
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Reaching the B1 level means you are becoming an independent user of Japanese, capable of navigating workplace scenarios and consuming native media. Here, the word '命令' (meirei) becomes an active part of your vocabulary. You will frequently encounter it in business contexts, specifically in compound words like '業務命令' (gyoumu meirei - business order). Understanding this concept is vital if you plan to work in Japan; a 'gyoumu meirei' is a legally binding directive from your employer. You will also hear 'meirei' regularly in anime, dramas, and movies, where characters issue dramatic commands. At this level, you must master the distinction between '命令' (meirei - command) and '指示' (shiji - instruction). Using 'meirei' when you mean 'shiji' is a common B1 mistake that can make you sound arrogant. You should know how to construct sentences using '命令する' (meirei suru - to command) and '命令に従う' (meirei ni shitagau - to obey an order). Furthermore, you will encounter 'meirei' in the context of computing, where '命令' translates to a software command. Your ability to read news articles about government directives or legal rulings will also improve, and you will recognize phrases like '退去命令' (taikyo meirei - eviction/deportation order). At B1, 'meirei' transitions from a passive concept to an active, nuanced vocabulary word that you must use with cultural sensitivity.
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At the B2 level, your comprehension of complex Japanese texts and abstract concepts is highly developed. The word '命令' (meirei) is now fully integrated into your advanced vocabulary, and you can understand its usage in nuanced, formal, and technical contexts. You will frequently read news reports detailing government actions, such as '避難命令' (hinan meirei - evacuation order) during typhoons or earthquakes. You understand the critical difference in urgency between a '勧告' (kankoku - advisory) and a '命令' (meirei - order). In legal and political discourse, you will encounter terms like '命令違反' (meirei ihan - violation of orders) and understand the severe consequences implied. Furthermore, your grasp of Japanese grammar allows you to fully comprehend the '命令形' (meireikei - imperative form) not just as a way to shout commands, but as a grammatical tool used in embedded clauses, proverbs, and strong emotional expressions. You can discuss the ethical implications of following orders blindly, using phrases like '絶対的な命令' (zettaiteki na meirei - absolute command). In business Japanese, you can navigate complex hierarchical situations, knowing exactly when a directive is a mere suggestion and when it is a strict 'meirei'. Your ability to consume literature and historical texts also means you understand the archaic and profound weight of a lord's or emperor's 'meirei', recognizing it as a matter of life and death in historical contexts.
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As a C1 learner, you possess an advanced, near-fluent grasp of Japanese, allowing you to appreciate the subtle sociolinguistic and psychological dimensions of the word '命令' (meirei). You do not merely know what the word means; you understand how it shapes human behavior and societal structures in Japan. You can engage in deep discussions about corporate governance, military history, or legal philosophy, utilizing 'meirei' alongside highly advanced vocabulary like '至上命令' (shijou meirei - supreme/categorical imperative) or '指揮命令系統' (shiki meirei keitou - chain of command). You understand the psychological weight of the word and how it is used rhetorically in literature and political speeches to evoke a sense of inescapable duty or oppressive authority. You can flawlessly distinguish between '命令' and its highly nuanced synonyms like '訓令' (kunrei - directive), '指令' (shirei - order/instruction), and '下命' (kamei - giving orders), knowing exactly which term is appropriate for a specific bureaucratic or military context. Furthermore, you can analyze the cultural implications of 'meirei' in Japanese society, discussing how the strong emphasis on group harmony and hierarchical obedience influences the way orders are given, received, and sometimes implicitly understood without ever being explicitly spoken. Your mastery of the language allows you to use 'meirei' not just to convey information, but to convey precise tone, authority, and cultural depth.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of Japanese is equivalent to that of a highly educated native speaker. Your understanding of '命令' (meirei) transcends standard definitions, encompassing its etymological roots, philosophical implications, and systemic functions within the macrostructures of society. You can effortlessly dissect complex legal statutes, constitutional debates, and philosophical treatises where 'meirei' is a central concept. You understand the Kantian concept of the 'categorical imperative' as translated into Japanese ('定言命法' teigen meihou or '至上命令' shijou meirei) and can debate its ethical merits in fluent Japanese. You are acutely aware of how the language of command has evolved throughout Japanese history, from the imperial decrees ('詔勅' shouchoku) of the past to the administrative orders ('政令' seirei) of the modern state. You can analyze the semantic shift of 'meirei' in the digital age, where algorithmic commands dictate systemic behavior, discussing the implications of '機械への命令' (commands to machines) versus human agency. In literary analysis, you can deconstruct how authors use the concept of 'meirei' to explore themes of free will, subjugation, and existential dread. Your usage of the word is flawless, instinctive, and capable of expressing the most profound and complex ideas regarding authority, duty, and the human condition in the Japanese language.
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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

命令 en 30 segundos

  • A strict top-down command.
  • Used in military, business, and law.
  • Not for casual requests or friends.
  • Also means a computer command.
The Japanese word '命令' (meirei) is a fundamental vocabulary item that carries significant weight in both everyday communication and formal contexts. At its core, it translates to 'command,' 'order,' or 'directive.' To truly understand what it means, we must delve deeply into its kanji components, its sociolinguistic implications, and the precise contexts in which it is deployed. The first kanji, '命' (mei or inochi), relates to life, fate, or destiny, but in this context, it carries the historical weight of a decree from a higher power or authority, such as a ruler or a deity. The second kanji, '令' (rei), means command, law, or dictate. When combined, these two characters form a word that leaves absolutely no room for ambiguity or negotiation. A 'meirei' is not a suggestion, a request, or a piece of advice; it is an absolute directive that demands immediate and unquestioning compliance from the subordinate party.
Authority Dynamics
The usage of this word inherently establishes a clear vertical hierarchy between the speaker and the listener.

上司の命令には絶対に従わなければならない。

This strict hierarchical implication means that using the word inappropriately can cause severe social friction. For instance, a junior employee would never use this word to describe a request they are making to a senior colleague. Furthermore, the concept of 'meirei' extends beyond interpersonal relationships into the realms of law, military, and even computing. In a legal or governmental context, an evacuation order during a natural disaster is termed a '避難命令' (hinan meirei).
Legal Context
In legal terminology, it denotes a binding obligation enforced by the state.

裁判所は退去命令を出した。

This demonstrates the word's capacity to convey life-saving urgency and absolute legal authority. In the context of computing, the instructions given to a machine or software program are also referred to as 'meirei' (commands).

コンピューターに命令を入力する。

This technological usage highlights the mechanical, unquestioning nature of the response expected when a 'meirei' is issued. The machine does not debate the command; it simply executes it. This perfectly encapsulates the essence of the word. When learning this word, it is crucial to distinguish it from softer alternatives.
Nuance Comparison
Unlike 'shiji' (instruction), which guides, 'meirei' forces action.

これはお願いではなく、命令だ。

This sentence, 'This is not a request, it is an order,' is a classic dramatic line found in movies and literature, emphasizing the inescapable nature of the directive.

王の命令は絶対である。

Ultimately, understanding 'meirei' requires an appreciation of Japanese societal structures, where harmony is often maintained through clear understandings of roles, duties, and the chain of command. The word encapsulates the gravity of authority and the expectation of obedience, making it a powerful tool in the Japanese language arsenal. By mastering its nuances, learners can better navigate complex social, professional, and emergency situations in Japan.
Using the word '命令' (meirei) correctly requires a solid grasp of Japanese grammar, syntax, and pragmatics. As a verbal noun (suru-verb), it functions both as a standalone noun and as an action verb when combined with 'する' (suru). Understanding how to construct sentences with this word is essential for achieving fluency. Let us explore the various grammatical structures and common collocations associated with 'meirei'. First and foremost, as a noun, it is often the object of verbs that indicate giving, receiving, or following.
Giving an Order
To express the act of issuing a command, the verb 'kudasu' (to hand down) or 'dasu' (to issue) is frequently used.

将軍が攻撃の命令を下した。

This phrasing, 'meirei o kudasu', carries a very formal and authoritative tone, often found in historical narratives, military contexts, or highly structured corporate environments. Conversely, when discussing the reception or execution of an order, verbs like 'shitagau' (to obey/follow) and 'somuku' (to disobey/go against) are essential.
Obeying and Disobeying
These verbs take the particle 'ni' to indicate the target of obedience or defiance.

部下は上司の命令に従うべきだ。

This sentence highlights the expected norm of compliance. On the other hand, defying an order is a serious matter.

彼は命令に背いたため、解雇された。

When used as a verb, '命令する' (meirei suru), it directly describes the action of commanding someone. The person being commanded is marked with the particle 'ni' (to), and the content of the command is often expressed using a quotative particle 'to' or the imperative form of a verb.
Verb Usage
Structure: [Person] ni [Action] o meirei suru.

社長は社員に残業を命令した。

Furthermore, 'meirei' is frequently used as a prefix or suffix to create compound nouns that describe specific types of orders. For example, '業務命令' (gyoumu meirei) refers to a direct business order from an employer, which legally binds the employee to perform a task. Another critical grammatical concept related to this word is the '命令形' (meireikei), which is the imperative form of Japanese verbs. While 'meirei' is the noun for 'command', 'meireikei' is the actual grammatical conjugation used to shout a command, such as 'Ike!' (Go!) or 'Tomare!' (Stop!).

日本語の命令形は、日常会話ではあまり使われません。

It is vital for learners to understand that while they must know the word 'meirei' and the grammatical 'meireikei', they should use both sparingly in actual conversation, as Japanese culture heavily favors polite requests (irai) over direct commands. Mastering the usage of 'meirei' involves not just knowing how to construct the sentences, but also possessing the pragmatic awareness of when it is socially acceptable to deploy such forceful language.
The contexts in which you will encounter the word '命令' (meirei) are vast and varied, ranging from the dramatic realms of fiction to the very real and urgent situations of daily life in Japan. Because of its strong, authoritative nuance, it is not a word you will hear in casual chats at a cafe, but rather in environments where hierarchy, rules, and urgency are paramount. One of the most common places learners first encounter this word is in Japanese pop culture, specifically anime, manga, and video games.
Pop Culture
In fantasy, sci-fi, and military genres, 'meirei' is used constantly by captains, kings, and villains.

これはキャプテンからの命令だ！

In these dramatic narratives, the word adds tension and establishes the power dynamics between characters. You will often hear subordinates responding with 'Meirei ryōkai!' (Order acknowledged/understood). Moving into the real world, the corporate environment is a primary domain for this word, though often in its compound forms. In a Japanese company, a '業務命令' (gyoumu meirei) is an official business directive.
Corporate Environment
It signifies a non-negotiable task assigned by management, often related to transfers or overtime.

突然の転勤は、会社からの業務命令でした。

Refusing such an order without a valid legal reason can lead to disciplinary action, highlighting the serious weight the word carries in a professional setting. Another critical area where you will hear 'meirei' is in news broadcasts, particularly concerning natural disasters, public safety, and legal matters. Japan is prone to earthquakes and typhoons, and local governments frequently issue evacuation orders.

市役所から避難命令が出されました。

In this context, 'hinan meirei' is a matter of life and death, and understanding the broadcast is crucial for survival. Furthermore, the legal system utilizes this terminology extensively. A judge might issue a '退去命令' (taikyo meirei - deportation/eviction order) or a '接近禁止命令' (sekkin kinshi meirei - restraining order).
Legal and Tech
The word denotes absolute compliance required by law or system architecture.

裁判所の命令により、財産が差し押さえられた。

Finally, in the realm of technology and computing, 'meirei' translates to a command executed by a processor or software.

プログラムの命令文を書き換える。

Whether it is a king commanding an army, a boss directing an employee, a mayor ordering an evacuation, or a programmer instructing a computer, the core essence of 'meirei' remains the same: an authoritative directive that demands execution.
When Japanese learners begin incorporating the word '命令' (meirei) into their vocabulary, they often stumble into several pragmatic and semantic pitfalls. Because English speakers might casually use the word 'order' or 'command' in relatively mild situations (e.g., 'The doctor ordered me to rest' or 'I ordered him to clean his room'), they might mistakenly assume 'meirei' can be used with the same casual frequency. This is a significant error. The most common mistake is using 'meirei' when '指示' (shiji - instruction/direction) or 'お願い' (onegai - request) would be much more appropriate.
Overstating Authority
Using 'meirei' makes you sound arrogant or aggressive if you do not possess absolute authority.

❌ 先生が宿題をするように命令した。

While a teacher does have authority, saying they 'commanded' you to do homework sounds unnatural and overly dramatic in everyday Japanese. It is much more natural to say '先生が宿題をするように言った' (The teacher told us to do homework) or '指示した' (instructed). Another frequent error involves the directionality of the word. 'Meirei' inherently flows from top to bottom in a hierarchy. Using it upwards or horizontally is a severe faux pas.
Hierarchical Errors
Never use 'meirei' to describe a request made to a superior, a customer, or an equal.

❌ お客様、あちらでお待ちになるよう命令します。

This sentence is disastrously rude. A customer service representative must use polite request forms (e.g., 'お待ちください' - please wait), never a command. Even among friends, saying 'I order you to buy me lunch' as a joke might fall flat if translated directly using 'meirei', as it sounds too stiff and dictatorial.

❌ 友達にジュースを買ってくるよう命令した。

Instead, one might use '頼んだ' (tanonda - asked/requested) or 'パシリにさせた' (made them run an errand, slang). Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse the noun 'meirei' with the grammatical concept of 'meireikei' (imperative form). While related, they are distinct. You can issue a 'meirei' without using the 'meireikei' (e.g., by using a strong '〜しなさい' form), and you can use the 'meireikei' in non-command contexts (e.g., cheering at a sports game: 'Hashire!' - Run!).
Grammar vs. Vocabulary
Do not confuse the vocabulary word for 'command' with the verb conjugation for 'imperative'.

⭕️ 彼は優しい口調で命令を下した。

Finally, learners must be careful with particle usage. You command *to* someone (ni) *about* something (o). Incorrectly assigning particles can obscure the meaning of the sentence. By avoiding these common mistakes, learners can utilize this powerful word accurately and appropriately.
To achieve a high level of proficiency in Japanese, one must not only know the definition of a word but also understand how it relates to and differs from its synonyms. The word '命令' (meirei) exists within a rich ecosystem of vocabulary related to directing, requesting, and guiding others. The most common synonym, and the one most frequently confused with 'meirei', is '指示' (shiji).
指示 (Shiji) - Instruction / Direction
While 'meirei' is an absolute command, 'shiji' is a practical instruction on how to do something.

上司の指示に従って作業を進める。

In a modern workplace, managers give 'shiji' much more often than 'meirei'. 'Shiji' implies guidance and process, whereas 'meirei' focuses purely on the obligation to execute. Another closely related word is '指図' (sashizu).
指図 (Sashizu) - Dictation / Bossing around
This word carries a slightly negative or annoying nuance, implying someone is interfering or being bossy.

君に指図される筋合いはない。

'I have no reason to be bossed around by you.' This shows that while 'meirei' is formal and official, 'sashizu' feels more personal and intrusive. Moving towards the realm of requests, we find '要求' (youkyuu) and '依頼' (irai).

労働組合が賃上げを要求する。

'Youkyuu' means demand or requirement. It is strong, like 'meirei', but it usually flows upwards (from subordinates to superiors) or horizontally (between negotiating parties), whereas 'meirei' strictly flows downwards.
依頼 (Irai) - Request / Commission
This is a formal request, completely lacking the coercive power of a command.

専門家に調査を依頼した。

When you use 'irai', the other party has the option to decline, which is fundamentally impossible with a true 'meirei'. In military or highly formal contexts, you might also encounter '号令' (gourei), which refers to a verbal command given to a group, like 'Attention!' or 'Forward march!'

リーダーの号令で一斉に走り出した。

'Gourei' is the physical shout or signal, while 'meirei' is the conceptual order. By carefully distinguishing between 'meirei' (absolute top-down command), 'shiji' (practical instruction), 'sashizu' (bossy interference), 'youkyuu' (firm demand), and 'irai' (formal request), a learner can navigate complex social hierarchies and communicate their intentions with precise nuance and cultural appropriateness.

How Formal Is It?

Nivel de dificultad

Gramática que debes saber

命令形 (Imperative Form: 行け、食べろ)

〜ように言う (Indirect Command: 先生が勉強するように言った)

〜なさい (Soft Command: 勉強しなさい)

〜べきだ (Obligation: 従うべきだ)

使役受身形 (Causative-Passive: やらされる - being forced to do)

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

先生の命令です。

It is the teacher's order.

Noun + desu (polite copula).

2

命令を聞いてください。

Please listen to the order.

Te-form + kudasai (polite request).

3

これは命令ですか？

Is this an order?

Question particle 'ka'.

4

はい、命令です。

Yes, it is an order.

Affirmative response.

5

命令はダメです。

Orders are not good / No ordering.

Noun + wa + dame desu.

6

王様の命令。

The king's order.

Noun + no + Noun.

7

命令をします。

I will give an order.

Noun + o + shimasu (verb).

8

いい命令ですね。

That's a good order, isn't it.

Adjective + Noun + ne.

1

親の命令に従う。

To obey one's parents' orders.

Noun + ni + shitagau (to obey).

2

命令しないでください。

Please do not order me around.

Nai-form + de kudasai (negative request).

3

犬に命令する。

To give a command to a dog.

Target + ni + meirei suru.

4

社長の命令でここに来ました。

I came here by the president's order.

Noun + de (reason/cause).

5

新しい命令が出ました。

A new order has been issued.

Intransitive verb 'deru'.

6

命令を守らなければなりません。

You must follow the orders.

Nakereba narimasen (obligation).

7

どんな命令ですか？

What kind of order is it?

Donna + Noun.

8

彼に命令されました。

I was ordered by him.

Passive form 'sareru'.

1

それは業務命令ですか、それともお願いですか？

Is that a business order, or a request?

A desu ka, soretomo B desu ka (Alternative question).

2

上司の命令に背くことはできない。

I cannot disobey my boss's orders.

Verb dictionary form + koto wa dekinai (impossibility).

3

避難命令が解除されました。

The evacuation order has been lifted.

Passive verb 'kaijo sareru'.

4

コンピューターに複雑な命令を出す。

To issue complex commands to a computer.

Adjective + Noun + o dasu.

5

命令違反で罰せられた。

He was punished for violating orders.

Noun (reason) + de + passive verb.

6

直属の上司から直接命令を受けた。

I received the order directly from my immediate supervisor.

Kara (source) + ukeru (to receive).

7

不当な命令には従う必要はありません。

There is no need to obey unreasonable orders.

Verb dictionary form + hitsuyou wa nai.

8

彼はまるで軍隊のように命令する。

He gives orders as if it were the military.

Marude + Noun + no you ni (simile).

1

裁判所は企業に対して業務停止命令を下した。

The court issued a business suspension order to the company.

Noun + ni taishite (towards/against).

2

このプログラムは、特定の命令を実行するように設計されている。

This program is designed to execute specific commands.

Verb + you ni sekkei sarete iru (designed to).

3

市長は全市民に避難指示ではなく、より強い避難命令を出した。

The mayor issued not an evacuation instruction, but a stronger evacuation order to all citizens.

A de wa naku, B (Not A, but B).

4

指揮系統が混乱し、誰の命令に従うべきか分からなくなった。

The chain of command became chaotic, and it became unclear whose orders to follow.

Question word + Verb + beki ka (indirect question).

5

彼の行動は、明らかに上層部の命令を逸脱していた。

His actions clearly deviated from the orders of the upper management.

Noun + o itsudatsu suru (to deviate from).

6

絶対的な命令であっても、人道に反する場合は拒否する権利がある。

Even if it is an absolute order, one has the right to refuse if it violates humanity.

Verb-te + mo (even if).

7

そのソフトウェアは、音声命令で起動させることができる。

That software can be launched via voice commands.

Noun + de (method/means) + causative-passive potential.

8

違法な命令を下した責任は免れない。

One cannot escape the responsibility of having issued an illegal order.

Verb-ta + Noun (modifying clause).

1

利益の追求は企業にとって至上命令であるが、倫理を軽視してはならない。

The pursuit of profit is a supreme imperative for a company, but ethics must not be neglected.

A de aru ga, B (formal 'but').

2

軍法会議において、彼は上官の命令への不服従を問われた。

At the court-martial, he was questioned regarding his insubordination to his superior's orders.

Noun + ni oite (formal 'at/in').

3

行政命令によって、その規制は即座に撤廃された。

By executive order, the regulation was immediately abolished.

Noun + ni yotte (by means of/due to).

4

彼の言葉は提案の形をとっていたが、実質的には命令に等しかった。

His words took the form of a proposal, but practically speaking, they were tantamount to an order.

Noun + ni hitoshii (equivalent to).

5

AIが人間の倫理観を逸脱した命令を生成するリスクが懸念されている。

There are concerns about the risk of AI generating commands that deviate from human ethics.

Verb modifying Noun + risk ga kenen sarete iru.

6

その歴史的文書には、天皇の直接の命令である詔勅が記されていた。

The historical document contained an imperial edict, which was a direct order from the Emperor.

Noun + de aru + Noun (apposition).

7

組織の硬直化は、上意下達の命令系統に過度に依存した結果である。

The rigidification of the organization is the result of over-reliance on a top-down chain of command.

Noun + ni izon shita kekka de aru.

8

現場の裁量を奪うような細かな命令は、かえって士気を低下させる。

Micromanaging orders that deprive the field of discretion paradoxically lower morale.

Verb + you na + Noun (illustrative modification).

1

カントの哲学における定言命法は、無条件に従うべき道徳的命令を指す。

The categorical imperative in Kant's philosophy refers to a moral command that must be obeyed unconditionally.

Noun + ni okeru (in the context of).

2

国家権力による強制退去命令は、基本的人権との間で先鋭な対立を生む。

Forced eviction orders by state power create sharp conflicts with fundamental human rights.

Noun + to no aida de (between).

3

アルゴリズムによる自動化された命令群が、金融市場の暴落を引き起こした。

A set of automated commands by algorithms triggered the crash of the financial market.

Noun + ni yoru (caused by).

4

封建社会における主君の命令は、文字通り絶対不可侵の掟として機能していた。

In feudal society, a lord's command functioned literally as an absolutely inviolable law.

Noun + to shite kinou shite ita (functioned as).

5

言語行為論の観点から見れば、命令とは発話媒介行為の一種である。

From the perspective of speech act theory, a command is a type of perlocutionary act.

Noun + no kanten kara mireba (from the perspective of).

6

法治国家において、超法規的措置としての命令が正当化される余地は極めて限定的だ。

In a state governed by the rule of law, the room for justifying orders as extralegal measures is extremely limited.

Noun + to shite no + Noun.

7

その独裁者は、自らの妄想を国家の至上命令へとすり替えていった。

The dictator gradually substituted his own delusions for the supreme imperatives of the state.

Noun + e to surikaete itta (gradually replaced with).

8

細胞のアポトーシスは、遺伝子に組み込まれた自己破壊の命令プログラムと言える。

Cellular apoptosis can be said to be a self-destruct command program built into the genes.

Noun + to ieru (can be said to be).

Sinónimos

指示 指令 言い付け 下命 仰せ

Colocaciones comunes

命令を下す
命令に従う
命令に背く
命令違反
業務命令
避難命令
退去命令
絶対命令
命令形
命令を無視する

Frases Comunes

これは命令だ
命令に服従する
命令を取り消す
命令を待つ
命令を実行する
上司の命令
社長の命令
裁判所の命令
軍の命令
命令系統

Se confunde a menudo con

命令 vs 指示 (shiji - instruction/direction)

命令 vs 指図 (sashizu - bossing around/dictating)

命令 vs 要求 (youkyuu - demand)

Modismos y expresiones

"至上命令"
"絶対命令"
"業務命令"
"指揮命令"
"命令一下"
"命令口調"
"命令違反"
"退去命令"
"避難命令"
"停止命令"

Fácil de confundir

命令 vs

命令 vs

命令 vs

命令 vs

命令 vs

Patrones de oraciones

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Cómo usarlo

nuance

Heavier and more absolute than 指示 (shiji).

pragmatics

Highly authoritative. Implies zero optionality. Often carries a negative or heavy nuance in modern, egalitarian contexts unless used in strict institutional settings.

colloquialisms

Sometimes used sarcastically: '奥さんの命令には逆らえない' (I can't go against my wife's orders).

Errores comunes
  • Using 'meirei' instead of 'shiji' (instruction) for everyday workplace tasks, making the speaker sound dictatorial.
  • Using 'meirei' towards a superior or customer (e.g., 'I order you to wait'), which is a severe breach of etiquette.
  • Confusing the vocabulary word 'meirei' (command) with the grammatical term 'meireikei' (imperative form).
  • Using the wrong particle: saying 'buka o meirei suru' instead of the correct 'buka ni meirei suru'.
  • Translating the English phrase 'The doctor ordered me to rest' directly using 'meirei', which sounds unnatural in Japanese (use 'iwareta' or 'shiji sareta' instead).

Consejos

Avoid with Superiors

Never use the word 'meirei' when speaking to someone of higher status. It implies you have authority over them. If you need them to do something, use polite request forms like 'onegai itashimasu'.

Business Context

In a corporate setting, prefer the word 'shiji' (instruction) over 'meirei' for daily tasks. Save 'meirei' for official, non-negotiable company directives like transfers or strict policy changes.

Particle 'Ni'

When using 'meirei suru' as a verb, the person receiving the order is marked with the particle 'ni'. For example, 'Buka ni meirei suru' (Command a subordinate).

Evacuation Orders

If you live in Japan, memorize the term 'hinan meirei' (evacuation order). If you hear this on the news or via emergency alerts, evacuate immediately. It is not a suggestion.

Implicit Orders

In Japanese culture, a strong request from a boss (e.g., 'Yatte kureru?') often functions as a 'meirei' in practice. You are expected to read the room (kuuki o yomu) and comply.

Anime Exaggeration

Anime characters use 'meirei' constantly to sound cool or dramatic. Do not copy this speech style in real life, as it will make you sound aggressive and socially unaware.

IT Terminology

If you work in IT, you will see 'meirei' used to mean 'computer command'. It is often used interchangeably with the English loanword 'komando'.

Obeying Orders

The most common verb paired with 'meirei' is 'shitagau' (to obey). Memorize the chunk 'meirei ni shitagau' (to obey an order) as a single vocabulary unit.

Disobeying Orders

To express disobeying an order, use 'meirei ni somuku' or the noun phrase 'meirei ihan' (violation of orders). These are serious terms often used in legal or disciplinary contexts.

Meireikei vs Meirei

Remember that 'meireikei' is the grammatical imperative form (like 'Tabero!'), while 'meirei' is the noun for the concept of an order. You can give a 'meirei' using polite Japanese.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Your LIFE (命) depends on following the LAW (令) when a COMMAND (命令) is given.

Origen de la palabra

Contexto cultural

Japan's disaster warning system uses specific terminology. 'Hinan meirei' (Evacuation Order) is the highest level of urgency, replacing older, more confusing advisory terms.

In a Japanese company, a 'gyoumu meirei' (business order) cannot be refused unless it is illegal or physically impossible. Refusal is grounds for dismissal.

Japanese culture avoids direct confrontation. Therefore, true 'meirei' are rare in daily life; people use 'onegai' (requests) that carry the implicit weight of an order.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Inicios de conversación

"仕事で理不尽な命令を受けたことはありますか？ (Have you ever received an unreasonable order at work?)"

"AIが人間に命令する時代が来ると思いますか？ (Do you think an era will come when AI gives orders to humans?)"

"避難命令が出たら、まず何を持っていきますか？ (If an evacuation order is issued, what will you take with you first?)"

"軍隊の命令系統についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about the military chain of command?)"

"子供に命令口調で話すのは良いことだと思いますか？ (Do you think it's good to speak to children in a commanding tone?)"

Temas para diario

Write about a time you had to follow an order you disagreed with.

Explain the difference between a good leader giving instructions and a bad boss giving orders.

Describe a scene from a movie where a dramatic 'meirei' was given.

Discuss the importance of evacuation orders during natural disasters in Japan.

Reflect on how the concept of obedience to authority differs between your culture and Japanese culture.

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

No, absolutely not. Using 'meirei' with a friend sounds incredibly arrogant and dictatorial. It means 'command' or 'order' in a strict sense. If you want to ask a friend for a favor, use words like 'tanomu' (to request) or simply use the '〜te kure' grammar form. Using 'meirei' will likely ruin the friendship or be taken as a very weird joke.

'Meirei' is a strict, top-down command that must be obeyed without question, often used in military, legal, or strict corporate contexts. 'Shiji' means 'instruction' or 'direction' and is used to guide someone on how to complete a task. In a normal workplace, a boss gives 'shiji' (instructions) on how to do a project. They only use 'meirei' for absolute, non-negotiable directives like a transfer.

They are related but different. 'Meirei' is the noun meaning 'a command'. 'Meireikei' is the grammatical term for the 'imperative form' of a verb (e.g., 'Ike!' for 'Go!'). You can issue a 'meirei' without using the 'meireikei' (e.g., by saying 'You must do this politely'), and you can use 'meireikei' in situations that aren't strict orders, like cheering at a sports game.

You use the passive form of the verb 'meirei suru', which is 'meirei sareru'. For example, 'Joushi ni zangyou o meirei sareta' means 'I was ordered by my boss to work overtime'. This emphasizes that you had no choice in the matter. It is a very common structure when complaining about strict workplace rules.

'Gyoumu meirei' translates to 'business order' or 'operational directive'. In Japanese labor law, it refers to a legitimate order given by an employer to an employee within the scope of their employment contract. Employees are legally obligated to follow a 'gyoumu meirei'. Refusing one without a valid legal reason can result in disciplinary action or firing.

'Meirei ryoukai' means 'Order acknowledged' or 'Roger that'. It is military-style jargon used to confirm that a command has been heard and will be executed. In anime featuring soldiers, mecha pilots, or strict organizations, this phrase is used to show discipline and obedience. It is not used in normal daily conversation.

A 'hinan meirei' is an 'evacuation order'. In Japan, local governments issue these during severe natural disasters like typhoons, heavy rains, or earthquakes. It is the strongest level of evacuation warning. If a 'hinan meirei' is issued for your area, it means your life is in immediate danger and you must evacuate to a shelter immediately.

Yes, 'meirei' is the standard Japanese translation for a computer 'command' or 'instruction' in programming. For example, 'meirei o jikkou suru' means 'to execute a command'. In modern IT contexts, you will also frequently hear the katakana word 'コマンド' (komando), but 'meirei' is still widely used in technical documentation and textbooks.

'Meirei shinaide' means 'Don't order me around'. It is a very direct and confrontational phrase. While it is grammatically correct, it is considered rude or aggressive unless you are speaking to a close friend or family member who is genuinely being too bossy. You would never say this to a boss or a stranger.

The word is made of two kanji: '命' (mei) and '令' (rei). '命' means life, fate, or decree. '令' means command, law, or order. Together, they emphasize the absolute, almost life-or-death gravity of a strict command. Understanding these kanji helps you remember that 'meirei' is not a light suggestion, but a serious directive.

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