Aprende en tu idioma
English العربية Deutsch Français 日本語 한국어 Português हिन्दी فارسی 中文
A2 noun 2 min de lectura

~을 토대로

This phrase means 'based on' or 'using something as a foundation'.

-eul todaero

Explicación a tu nivel:

You use this when you want to say 'based on'. If you have a book, you can say 'I made this based on the book'. It is a very useful phrase for school!

When you have a reason for your work, use ~을 토대로. For example, 'I wrote this report based on the news'. It shows people that you have a good reason for your ideas.

This is a common way to link your actions to evidence. In professional emails, you might say, 'Based on our meeting, I have prepared this plan.' It sounds very natural and organized.

Using ~을 토대로 elevates your register. It is preferred in formal reports over simpler phrases. It implies that your conclusion is logically supported by the preceding information.

In advanced writing, this phrase functions as a structural anchor. It allows the writer to synthesize complex data into a coherent argument. It is essential for academic discourse where citing sources is mandatory.

The nuance here is one of structural integrity. By choosing ~을 토대로, you are asserting that your work is not arbitrary but is built upon a verified, foundational substrate of knowledge. It is the hallmark of a well-researched argument.

Practícalo Ejemplos

~을 토대로 en 30 segundos

  • Means 'based on'.
  • Used for formal/academic contexts.
  • Follows a noun.
  • Synonym of '바탕으로'.

The phrase ~을 토대로 is a cornerstone of Korean communication. It essentially means to use something as a foundation or a starting point for your ideas.

Think of it as building blocks. When you say you are writing a report ~을 토대로, you are saying that the report is supported by the information you have gathered. It is a very professional and clear way to explain where your thoughts come from.

The word 토대 (toda-e) comes from the Sino-Korean characters 土 (earth/ground) and 臺 (platform/stand). Historically, it literally meant the foundation of a building.

Over time, this physical concept evolved into a metaphorical one. Just as a building needs a solid foundation to stand, an argument or plan needs a solid base of facts to be convincing. It is a beautiful example of how physical architecture influences language.

You will hear this most often in academic or professional settings. It is perfect for meetings, presentations, and formal writing.

Commonly, it connects with verbs like 작성하다 (to write), 결정하다 (to decide), or 분석하다 (to analyze). It is more formal than simply saying ~에 근거해서, making it a great choice when you want to sound polished and reliable.

While not an idiom itself, it is part of several key structures:

  • 사실을 토대로: Based on facts.
  • 경험을 토대로: Based on experience.
  • 데이터를 토대로: Based on data.
  • 의견을 토대로: Based on opinions.
  • 계획을 토대로: Based on a plan.

Grammatically, ~을 is the object marker, and 토대로 acts as an adverbial phrase. It modifies the verb that follows it.

Pronunciation is straightforward: eul-to-dae-ro. Ensure you emphasize the 'to' to keep the rhythm clear. It rhymes loosely with words like 대로 (as it is) or 노래로 (with a song).

Dato curioso

Used in architecture before it was used in language.

Guía de pronunciación

UK todaero

Sounds like 'toe-deh-ro'

EE.UU. todaero

Sounds like 'toe-deh-ro'

Errores comunes

  • Mispronouncing 'o' as 'u'
  • Dropping the 'r' sound
  • Stressing the wrong syllable

Rima con

대로 노래로 그대로 따로 바로

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 2/5

Easy to read

Escritura 2/5

Easy to write

Expresión oral 2/5

Easy to say

Escucha 2/5

Easy to hear

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

토대 기반 근거

Aprende después

바탕으로 의거하여 전제로

Avanzado

기반시설 근거자료

Gramática que debes saber

Object particle 을

사과를 먹다

Adverbial particle 로

학교로 가다

Noun modification

예쁜 꽃

Ejemplos por nivel

1

이것은 사실을 토대로 만들었어요.

This / facts / based on / made.

Used with nouns.

1

경험을 토대로 결정했습니다.

2

데이터를 토대로 분석했어요.

3

그 책을 토대로 영화를 만들었어요.

4

의견을 토대로 수정했습니다.

5

계획을 토대로 진행합니다.

6

연구를 토대로 발표해요.

7

기록을 토대로 작성했어요.

8

설문을 토대로 결론을 냈어요.

1

8 examples

1

8 examples

1

8 examples

1

8 examples

Colocaciones comunes

사실을 토대로
경험을 토대로
데이터를 토대로
연구를 토대로
기록을 토대로
의견을 토대로
계획을 토대로
조사를 토대로
자료를 토대로
토대로 작성하다

Modismos y expresiones

"토대를 닦다"

To lay a foundation

그는 성공의 토대를 닦았다.

formal

"토대가 튼튼하다"

The foundation is strong

우리 회사는 토대가 튼튼하다.

neutral

"토대를 흔들다"

To shake the foundation

그 사건은 사회의 토대를 흔들었다.

formal

"토대를 마련하다"

To prepare a foundation

새로운 사업의 토대를 마련했다.

formal

"토대를 다지다"

To solidify the foundation

기본기를 통해 토대를 다졌다.

neutral

"토대를 허물다"

To destroy the foundation

신뢰의 토대를 허물지 마라.

formal

Fácil de confundir

~을 토대로 vs 바탕으로

Same meaning.

None, they are synonyms.

둘 다 똑같아요.

~을 토대로 vs 기반으로

Similar meaning.

기반 is more structural/systemic.

기술 기반으로.

~을 토대로 vs 근거하여

Formal synonym.

근거 is more legal/reason-based.

법적 근거하여.

~을 토대로 vs 전제로

Used in similar structures.

전제 is a prerequisite condition.

합의를 전제로.

Patrones de oraciones

A1

Noun + 을 토대로 + Verb

경험을 토대로 말합니다.

B1

Noun + 을 토대로 + Noun + 을 작성하다

데이터를 토대로 보고서를 작성합니다.

B1

Noun + 을 토대로 + 결정하다

사실을 토대로 결정했습니다.

B2

Noun + 을 토대로 + 분석하다

조사를 토대로 분석합니다.

B2

Noun + 을 토대로 + 계획하다

의견을 토대로 계획합니다.

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

토대 foundation

Relacionado

기반 synonym
근거 synonym

Cómo usarlo

frequency

9

Escala de formalidad

Academic/Professional Neutral Casual N/A

Consejos

💡

When Native Speakers Use It

Use it whenever you need to cite a source.
💡

Grammar Shortcut

Always keep it as [Noun] + 을 + 토대로.
💡

Don't Make This Mistake

Don't add extra particles like '에' after it.
💡

Study Smart

Pair it with nouns like '데이터', '사실', '경험'.
💡

Did You Know?

It is one of the most common phrases in Korean academic writing.
💡

Memory Palace Trick

Visualize a 'toe' on a 'road' (toe-dae-ro) as your starting point.
🌍

Cultural Insight

It reflects the Korean value of evidence-based communication.
💡

Say It Right

Keep the 'o' sounds clear and rounded.
💡

Practice

Write your daily journal using '오늘 있었던 일을 토대로...'
💡

Professionalism

Using this phrase instantly makes you sound more professional.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Toe-Day-Ro: Imagine standing on your toes (toe) all day (day) on a solid road (ro).

Asociación visual

A house being built on a very strong stone base.

Word Web

Foundation Evidence Reasoning Support

Desafío

Write 3 sentences today using '...을 토대로'.

Origen de la palabra

Sino-Korean

Significado original: Earth platform

Contexto cultural

None.

Equivalent to 'based on' or 'on the basis of'.

Used in almost all Korean business news reports.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

At work

  • 보고서를 토대로...
  • 회의를 토대로...
  • 데이터를 토대로...

At school

  • 연구를 토대로...
  • 자료를 토대로...
  • 책을 토대로...

In news

  • 사실을 토대로...
  • 조사를 토대로...
  • 기록을 토대로...

In daily life

  • 경험을 토대로...
  • 의견을 토대로...
  • 생각을 토대로...

Inicios de conversación

"어떤 경험을 토대로 그 결정을 내렸나요?"

"데이터를 토대로 분석한 결과가 어떻게 나왔나요?"

"이 보고서는 무엇을 토대로 작성했나요?"

"사실을 토대로 이야기해 줄 수 있나요?"

"어떤 연구를 토대로 이 이론이 나왔나요?"

Temas para diario

오늘 있었던 일을 토대로 내일 계획을 세워보세요.

어제 읽은 책을 토대로 짧은 감상문을 써보세요.

나의 경험을 토대로 내가 배운 점을 적어보세요.

들은 이야기를 토대로 나의 생각을 정리해보세요.

Preguntas frecuentes

8 preguntas
Yes, but it sounds slightly formal.
Yes, they are almost identical.
No, it must follow a noun.
Extremely common.
No.
Usually not, use '토대' for that.
No, it is a very consistent pattern.
In very intimate, slang-heavy conversations.

Ponte a prueba

fill blank A1

사실을 ___ 만들었습니다.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 토대로

The correct particle is '로'.

multiple choice A2

Which means 'based on'?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: ~을 토대로

토대로 is the foundation phrase.

true false B1

Is '토대로' used for locations?

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: Falso

It is used for abstract foundations.

match pairs B1

Word

Significado

¡Todo emparejado!

Both are common collocations.

sentence order B2

Toca las palabras de abajo para formar la oración
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:

Data + based on + report + made.

Puntuación: /5

Contenido relacionado

¿Te ha servido?

Comentarios (0)

Inicia Sesión para Comentar
¡No hay comentarios todavía. Sé el primero en compartir tus ideas!