지키다
지키다 en 30 segundos
- Versatile verb meaning to keep, protect, or follow.
- Used for physical guarding (house, country).
- Used for abstract commitments (promises, secrets).
- Used for social compliance (rules, laws, time).
The Korean verb 지키다 (jikida) is a multi-faceted word that primarily translates to 'to keep,' 'to protect,' 'to guard,' or 'to observe.' At its core, it signifies the act of maintaining a certain state, boundary, or commitment against change, intrusion, or violation. Whether you are guarding a physical location, upholding a moral principle, or adhering to a scheduled time, 지키다 is the essential verb to use.
- Physical Protection
- Used when guarding a place like a house, a gate, or a country. Example: 성을 지키다 (To guard a castle).
- Abstract Commitments
- Used for promises, secrets, or appointments. Example: 약속을 지키다 (To keep a promise).
- Legal & Social Compliance
- Used for following laws, rules, or etiquette. Example: 법을 지키다 (To obey the law).
"우리는 끝까지 이 땅을 지킬 것입니다." (We will protect this land until the end.)
In daily life, you will most frequently encounter this word in the context of 'keeping promises' (약속) or 'keeping time' (시간). In Korean culture, where punctuality and reliability are highly valued, being someone who '지키다' their word is a mark of high character. Furthermore, in historical contexts, it refers to the warriors who guarded the borders of the peninsula.
비밀을 꼭 지켜 주세요.
- Etiquette
- 예의를 지키다 (To maintain manners).
- Order
- 질서를 지키다 (To keep order/stay in line).
Using 지키다 correctly requires understanding its object-verb relationship. It is a transitive verb, meaning it almost always takes an object marked by -을/를. The nuance changes slightly depending on whether the object is a person, a place, or an abstract concept.
- With People: 지키다 can mean to stay by someone's side to protect them. (e.g., 아픈 아이 곁을 지키다 - To stay by a sick child's side).
- With Places: It implies a guard-like duty. (e.g., 입구를 지키다 - To guard the entrance).
- With Time/Rules: It means to adhere to or follow. (e.g., 시간을 지키다 - To be on time).
규칙을 지키는 것이 중요합니다.
Conjugation follows the standard pattern for verbs ending in '-ㅣ'. When combined with '-어/아', it becomes '지켜'. For example, in the polite present tense, it is 지켜요. In the past tense, it is 지켰어요.
- Present Tense
- 지킵니다 (Formal), 지켜요 (Polite), 지켜 (Casual)
- Past Tense
- 지켰습니다 (Formal), 지켰어요 (Polite), 지켰어 (Casual)
- Future Tense
- 지킬 것입니다 (Formal), 지킬 거예요 (Polite)
You will hear 지키다 in various settings, from high-stakes drama scenes to mundane office reminders. Its versatility makes it a staple of the Korean language.
1. In K-Dramas and Movies
In historical dramas (Sa-geuk), soldiers often shout about '지키다' the kingdom or the King. In romantic dramas, a lead might promise to '지키다' (protect) their partner from harm. It carries a heavy emotional weight of loyalty.
"내가 너를 지켜 줄게." (I will protect you.)
2. In the Workplace
Managers often emphasize '마감 기한을 지키다' (meeting deadlines) or '보안을 지키다' (maintaining security). It is essential for professional reliability.
3. Public Announcements
On subways or in parks, you will hear announcements asking citizens to '공공질서를 지키다' (maintain public order) or '안전 수칙을 지키다' (follow safety regulations).
While 지키다 is common, learners often confuse it with other verbs that have overlapping meanings in English.
- 지키다 vs. 보호하다 (Bo-ho-ha-da)
- While both mean 'to protect,' 보호하다 is more clinical or environmental (e.g., protecting the environment, protecting a child's rights). 지키다 is more about guarding or maintaining a status quo.
- 지키다 vs. 유지하다 (Yu-ji-ha-da)
- 유지하다 means 'to maintain' or 'to sustain' a state (like a temperature or a relationship). 지키다 implies a more active defense against breaking a rule or losing a position.
환경을 지키다 (Less common)
환경을 보호하다 (More natural for 'protect the environment')
Another mistake is using the wrong particle. Since it is a transitive verb, always use -을/를 for the thing being kept or protected. Do not use -이/가 unless '지키다' is part of a passive construction (though the passive form is usually '지켜지다').
To expand your vocabulary, compare 지키다 with these related terms:
- 준수하다 (Jun-su-ha-da): A formal way to say 'to observe' or 'to comply with' (rules/laws). Used in legal or official documents.
- 수호하다 (Su-ho-ha-da): A very strong, formal word for 'to defend' or 'to safeguard' (e.g., defending the nation or peace).
- 고수하다 (Go-su-ha-da): To stick to, to adhere strictly to (an opinion or principle).
- 보존하다 (Bo-jon-ha-da): To preserve (cultural heritage, nature).
전통을 지키다 vs 전통을 보존하다
- 막다 (Mak-da)
- To block or prevent. While 지키다 is guarding, 막다 is the act of stopping an attack.
- 간직하다 (Gan-jik-ha-da)
- To cherish or keep something in one's heart/memory.
How Formal Is It?
Nivel de dificultad
Gramática que debes saber
-아/어 주다 (to do for someone)
-아/어 놓다 (to do and keep in that state)
-기 위해 (in order to)
-어야 하다 (must)
-는 것 (nominalization)
Ejemplos por nivel
약속을 지켜요.
I keep my promise.
Present polite tense.
비밀을 지키세요.
Please keep the secret.
Imperative -세요 form.
저는 약속을 잘 지켜요.
I keep my promises well.
Adverb '잘' (well) placement.
친구와 약속을 지켰어요.
I kept the promise with my friend.
Past tense -었/았어요.
엄마, 약속 지켜요!
Mom, keep your promise!
Casual/Polite demand.
제 이름을 지켜 주세요.
Please protect my name.
-아/어 주다 (do for someone).
집을 지켜요.
I guard the house.
Simple S-O-V structure.
약속 안 지켰어요?
Did you not keep the promise?
Negative '안' usage.
시간을 꼭 지키세요.
Make sure to be on time.
Adverb '꼭' (surely).
교실 규칙을 지켜야 해요.
You must follow the classroom rules.
-아/어야 하다 (must).
강아지가 집을 지키고 있어요.
The dog is guarding the house.
-고 있다 (progressive).
제 자리를 지켜 주세요.
Please save my seat.
Polite request.
건강을 지키는 것이 중요해요.
Protecting your health is important.
-는 것 (nominalization).
그는 항상 약속을 지키는 사람이에요.
He is a person who always keeps his promises.
Noun modifying form -는.
교통 법규를 잘 지킵시다.
Let's follow traffic rules well.
-읍시다 (let's).
비밀을 지킬 수 있어요?
Can you keep a secret?
-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 (can).
나라를 지키기 위해 군인이 되었어요.
I became a soldier to protect the country.
-기 위해 (in order to).
환경을 지키는 생활 습관을 가집시다.
Let's have lifestyle habits that protect the environment.
Compound sentence structure.
공공장소에서는 예의를 지켜야 합니다.
You must maintain manners in public places.
Formal -아/어야 합니다.
끝까지 비밀을 지키겠다고 약속했어요.
I promised that I would keep the secret until the end.
-겠다고 (indirect quote).
자신의 자리를 지키는 것이 쉽지 않아요.
It is not easy to keep one's position.
Abstract usage of '자리'.
전통 문화를 지키려는 노력이 필요해요.
Efforts to protect traditional culture are needed.
-(으)려는 (intending to).
법을 지키지 않으면 벌금을 내야 해요.
If you don't follow the law, you have to pay a fine.
Conditional -(으)면.
서로의 사생활을 지켜 주는 것이 좋아요.
It's good to respect (protect) each other's privacy.
Usage with '사생활' (privacy).
그는 어떤 상황에서도 신의를 지켰다.
He kept his faith/loyalty in any situation.
Literary/Plain style -다.
기업 비밀을 지키는 것은 매우 중요하다.
Keeping corporate secrets is very important.
Professional context.
민주주의의 가치를 지키기 위해 싸웠다.
They fought to protect the values of democracy.
Political context.
그는 침묵을 지키며 아무 말도 하지 않았다.
He remained silent and said nothing.
Idiom '침묵을 지키다'.
자신의 소신을 지키는 삶을 살고 싶다.
I want to live a life upholding my convictions.
Usage with '소신' (conviction).
안전 수칙을 지키지 않아 사고가 났다.
An accident occurred because safety rules weren't followed.
Cause and effect -아/어서.
그는 가문의 명예를 지키기 위해 노력했다.
He worked hard to protect the family's honor.
Usage with '명예' (honor).
약속 시간을 지키는 것은 기본 중의 기본이다.
Keeping the appointment time is the most basic of basics.
Emphasis structure.
지식인은 사회적 양심을 지켜야 할 의무가 있다.
Intellectuals have a duty to protect social conscience.
Formal/Academic tone.
정부는 국가의 안보를 지키는 데 총력을 기울이고 있다.
The government is putting all its effort into protecting national security.
-는 데 (in the act of).
그는 평생 동안 고결한 인품을 지켜 왔다.
He has maintained a noble character throughout his life.
-아/어 오다 (continuing from past).
법질서를 지키는 것이 공동체의 안녕을 보장한다.
Observing the legal order guarantees the well-being of the community.
Abstract societal nouns.
작가는 작품을 통해 인간의 존엄성을 지키고자 했다.
The author intended to protect human dignity through the work.
-고자 하다 (formal intent).
그는 끝내 입을 다물고 비밀을 지켜 냈다.
He finally kept his mouth shut and managed to keep the secret.
-어 내다 (accomplishing something difficult).
전통의 본질을 지키면서도 변화를 수용해야 한다.
We must accept change while protecting the essence of tradition.
-면서도 (while also).
그는 마지막까지 자신의 지조를 지킨 선비였다.
He was a scholar who kept his integrity until the very end.
Historical/Cultural term '지조'.
인간성의 최후 보루를 지키기 위한 고군분투가 시작되었다.
A lonely struggle to protect the last bastion of humanity has begun.
Literary/Metaphorical usage.
그는 시대의 풍파 속에서도 중용의 도를 지켰다.
He maintained the Way of the Mean even amidst the storms of the times.
Philosophical/Classical reference.
법의 형평성을 지키는 것이 사법 정의의 핵심이다.
Maintaining the equity of the law is the core of judicial justice.
Legal/Academic jargon.
그녀는 슬픔 속에서도 평정심을 지키려 애썼다.
She struggled to maintain her composure even in her grief.
Psychological nuance.
역사의 진실을 지키는 것은 후대의 막중한 책임이다.
Protecting the truth of history is a heavy responsibility for future generations.
Historical discourse.
그는 침묵으로써 자신의 마지막 자존심을 지켰다.
He protected his last bit of pride by means of silence.
-으로써 (by means of).
생태계의 균형을 지키는 일은 인류의 생존과 직결된다.
Protecting the balance of the ecosystem is directly linked to human survival.
Scientific/Environmental context.
그는 문학적 순수성을 지키기 위해 상업주의를 거부했다.
He rejected commercialism to protect literary purity.
Artistic/Critical discourse.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
Se confunde a menudo con
Modismos y expresiones
Fácil de confundir
More formal/scientific protection.
Maintaining a steady state or level.
Formal/Legal compliance.
Keeping something in your heart or memory.
The physical act of blocking an attack.
Patrones de oraciones
Cómo usarlo
지키지 않다 or 안 지키다. For 'couldn't keep', use 지키지 못하다.
지키시다
- Using 지키다 for 'keeping' a pen (Use 가지다 instead).
- Forgetting the object marker -을/를.
- Confusing with 보호하다 when talking about the environment.
- Using the wrong conjugation (e.g., 지카요 instead of 지켜요).
- Using 지키다 for 'keeping' a certain temperature (Use 유지하다 instead).
Consejos
Punctuality
In Korea, '시간을 지키다' is a sign of respect. Being late is often seen as breaking a promise.
Object Marker
Always pair 지키다 with 을/를. For example: 규칙을 지키다, not 규칙이 지키다.
Compound Verbs
Combine with -주다 to make '지켜 주다' (protect for someone), which is very common in songs.
Don't confuse with 'Keep'
English 'keep' is broad. Korean '지키다' is specifically for protection or compliance.
Intonation
When making a promise, emphasize the '지' to sound more determined.
Formal Contexts
In essays, use '준수하다' for laws, but '지키다' is fine for general rules.
Public Announcements
Listen for '안전선을 지켜 주세요' (Please stay behind the safety line) on subways.
Stay in your seat
'자리를 지키다' is often used to mean someone stayed loyal to their job or role.
Trust
A person who '약속을 잘 지키다' is described as '신뢰할 수 있는 사람' (a trustworthy person).
The Guard
Imagine a guard (지키다) standing at the gate of your promise.
Memorízalo
Origen de la palabra
Native Korean
Contexto cultural
Respecting elders and social hierarchy is described as '예의를 지키다'.
Every able-bodied Korean man serves in the military to '지키다' the country.
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
Inicios de conversación
"약속 잘 지키는 편이에요?"
"비밀을 잘 지킬 수 있어요?"
"한국에서 꼭 지켜야 할 규칙이 뭐예요?"
"어떻게 건강을 지키고 있어요?"
"가장 지키기 어려운 약속은 뭐였어요?"
Temas para diario
내가 꼭 지키고 싶은 가치관에 대해 써 보세요.
최근에 지키지 못한 약속이 있다면 그 이유를 써 보세요.
우리 나라를 지키는 사람들에게 편지를 써 보세요.
비밀을 지키는 것이 왜 중요한지 설명해 보세요.
시간을 잘 지키기 위한 나만의 방법을 공유해 보세요.
Preguntas frecuentes
10 preguntasUsually no. Use '가지다' or '보관하다' for physical items. 지키다 is for guarding them.
약속을 하다 is to make a promise; 약속을 지키다 is to keep it.
Only in the sense of 'watching over' (guarding). For just watching TV, use '보다'.
내가 너를 지켜 줄게 (Casual) or 제가 당신을 지켜 드릴게요 (Polite).
Yes, '시간을 지키다' means to be punctual.
Yes, it follows regular conjugation rules for -ㅣ ending verbs.
어기다 (to break a rule/promise).
Yes, '비밀을 지키다' is the standard expression.
It's a friendly, modern term for a 'guardian' or 'protector' used in branding.
Yes, '건강을 지키다' means to stay healthy or protect your health.
Ponte a prueba 180 preguntas
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
지키다 is the go-to Korean verb for any situation involving 'keeping' something intact, whether it's a physical boundary, a social rule, or a personal promise. It defines reliability and protection.
- Versatile verb meaning to keep, protect, or follow.
- Used for physical guarding (house, country).
- Used for abstract commitments (promises, secrets).
- Used for social compliance (rules, laws, time).
Punctuality
In Korea, '시간을 지키다' is a sign of respect. Being late is often seen as breaking a promise.
Object Marker
Always pair 지키다 with 을/를. For example: 규칙을 지키다, not 규칙이 지키다.
Compound Verbs
Combine with -주다 to make '지켜 주다' (protect for someone), which is very common in songs.
Don't confuse with 'Keep'
English 'keep' is broad. Korean '지키다' is specifically for protection or compliance.
Ejemplo
약속을 꼭 지키세요.
Contenido relacionado
Gramática relacionada
Más palabras de general
몇몇
A2Algunos; unos pocos.
조금
A1Dame un poco de agua, por favor. (물 조금만 주세요.)
적게
A1Poco, en pequeña cantidad. Se usa para describir una acción realizada de manera limitada.
약간
A2Un poco; ligeramente. Se usa para describir una pequeña cantidad o un grado leve.
많이
A1Mucho / Muy. 'Comí mucho' (많이 먹었어요). 'Te extraño mucho' (많이 보고 싶어요).
잠시
A2Por un momento; brevemente. 'Por favor, espere un momento.' (잠시만 기다려 주세요.) 'Volveré en un momento.' (잠시 후에 돌아오겠습니다.)
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2Hace un rato, antes. Lo vi hace un rato en la cafetería.
대해
A2Significa 'sobre' o 'acerca de'. Se usa para introducir el tema de una conversación, pensamiento o estudio.
~에 대해서
A2Sobre; acerca de; respecto a.