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A2 particle #50 más común 3 min de lectura

~을

eul

Use '~을' (or '~를') after a noun to show it's the thing being acted upon by the verb.

Practícalo Notas y consejos

~을 en 30 segundos

  • Indicates the direct object of a verb.
  • Attached directly to nouns or pronouns.
  • Changes to '~를' after a vowel-ending word.

§ What ~을/를 Means

Korean Word
~을 (after a consonant) / ~를 (after a vowel)
Definition
Object marker, indicating the direct object of a verb. It marks the noun that receives the action of the verb.

§ How to Use ~을/를

The object marker ~을/를 is one of the most fundamental particles in Korean. It's used to show which noun in a sentence is the direct object – the thing that the verb is acting upon. Think of it like the object pronouns in English (him, her, it, them), but attached directly to the noun.

You use ~을 when the preceding noun ends in a consonant (has a batchim). You use ~를 when the preceding noun ends in a vowel (no batchim).

§ Examples with ~을/를

저는 책을 읽어요. (I read a book.)

Here, 책 (chaek, book) ends in a consonant (ㄱ), so we add ~을.

친구를 만나요. (I meet a friend.)

Here, 친구 (chin-gu, friend) ends in a vowel (ㅜ), so we add ~를.

사과를 먹어요. (I eat an apple.)

사과 (sa-gwa, apple) ends in a vowel (ㅏ), so we use ~를.

물을 마셔요. (I drink water.)

물 (mul, water) ends in a consonant (ㄹ), so we use ~을.

§ Similar Particles and When to Use ~을/를

While ~을/를 is essential for marking direct objects, Korean has other particles that might seem confusingly similar at first. Let's clarify when to use ~을/를 versus other common particles.

  • ~이/가 (Subject Marker): This is probably the most commonly confused particle. ~이/가 marks the subject of the sentence, the one *doing* the action. ~을/를 marks the object, the one *receiving* the action.

학생이 책을 읽어요. (The student reads a book.)

Here, 학생 (hak-saeng, student) is the subject (doing the reading), so it gets ~이. 책 (chaek, book) is the object (being read), so it gets ~을.

  • ~은/는 (Topic Marker): This particle identifies the topic of the sentence, which isn't always the subject. The topic marker adds nuance, often highlighting contrast or emphasizing what you're talking about. A sentence might have both a topic and an object, or the topic could also be the object.

저는 사과를 좋아해요. (I like apples.)

Here, 저는 (jeo-neun) indicates 'I' as the topic, and 사과를 (sa-gwa-reul) shows 'apples' as the direct object of liking.

이 책은 제가 어제 읽은 책이에요. (This book is the book I read yesterday.)

이 책은 (i chaeg-eun) sets 'this book' as the topic, emphasizing it. The verb 'to be' (이다) doesn't take a direct object in the same way transitive verbs do.

  • ~에 (Location/Time Marker): This particle indicates a location, direction, or time. It's never used for direct objects.

학교에 가요. (I go to school.)

Here, 학교에 (hak-gyo-e) marks 'school' as the destination, not the object of 'going'.

The key takeaway is that ~을/를 specifically points out the noun that is *acted upon* by the verb. If the noun is doing the action, it's a subject. If it's the topic of discussion, it might take ~은/는. If it's a location or time, it will take other particles. Focusing on the verb's action and who or what receives it will help you correctly use ~을/를.

Gramática que debes saber

Use ~을 after a consonant-ending noun.

저는 밥을 먹어요. (I eat rice.)

Use ~를 after a vowel-ending noun.

저는 사과를 먹어요. (I eat an apple.)

The object marker often comes before the verb.

저는 책을 읽어요. (I read a book.)

Sometimes, the object marker can be omitted in casual speech, especially if the meaning is clear.

콜라 마셔요? (Do you drink cola?)

The object marker is used with transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object).

저는 한국어를 공부해요. (I study Korean.)

Cómo usarlo

When a noun ends in a consonant, use ~을. When a noun ends in a vowel, use ~를. You attach this particle directly to the noun. This particle highlights the noun as the direct object of the action.

Errores comunes

A common mistake is confusing ~을/를 with ~이/가 (subject markers). Remember, ~을/를 marks what is being acted upon, while ~이/가 marks who or what is performing the action. Another mistake is using ~을 when the preceding noun ends in a vowel, or ~를 when it ends in a consonant. Always check the final sound of the noun.

Ponte a prueba 30 preguntas

fill blank A1

저는 사과___ 먹어요. (I eat an apple.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

사과 (apple) is the direct object of 먹어요 (eat), so we use the object marker 을.

fill blank A1

저는 책___ 읽어요. (I read a book.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

책 (book) is the direct object of 읽어요 (read), so we use the object marker 을.

fill blank A1

학생___ 만나요. (I meet a student.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

학생 (student) is the direct object of 만나요 (meet), so we use the object marker 을.

fill blank A1

물___ 마셔요. (I drink water.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

물 (water) is the direct object of 마셔요 (drink), so we use the object marker 을.

fill blank A1

밥___ 먹어요. (I eat rice.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

밥 (rice) is the direct object of 먹어요 (eat), so we use the object marker 을.

fill blank A1

친구___ 좋아해요. (I like a friend.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

친구 (friend) is the direct object of 좋아해요 (like), so we use the object marker 을.

fill blank B1

저는 사과___ 먹었어요.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

사과 (apple) is the direct object of 먹었어요 (ate), so ~을 is used.

fill blank B1

저는 한국어___ 공부해요.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 를

한국어 (Korean language) is the direct object of 공부해요 (study), so ~를 is used.

fill blank B1

엄마는 저녁 식사___ 만들었어요.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 를

저녁 식사 (dinner) is the direct object of 만들었어요 (made), so ~를 is used.

fill blank B1

친구가 선물___ 주었어요.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

선물 (gift) is the direct object of 주었어요 (gave), so ~을 is used.

fill blank B1

저는 음악___ 들어요.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

음악 (music) is the direct object of 들어요 (listen), so ~을 is used.

fill blank B1

선생님은 질문___ 대답했어요.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 에

질문 (question) is the object of 대답했어요 (answered), but in this case, 대답하다 (to answer) uses the particle ~에 for the thing being answered, not ~을/를.

sentence order B1

Toca las palabras de abajo para formar la oración
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 저는 책을 읽어요.

The correct order is Subject (저는) + Object (책을) + Verb (읽어요).

sentence order B1

Toca las palabras de abajo para formar la oración
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 언니는 커피를 마셔요.

The correct order is Subject (언니는) + Object (커피를) + Verb (마셔요).

sentence order B1

Toca las palabras de abajo para formar la oración
¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 동생은 밥을 먹어요.

The correct order is Subject (동생은) + Object (밥을) + Verb (먹어요).

writing B2

Write a sentence describing what someone is eating, making sure to use the object marker ~을/를 correctly.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

저는 사과를 먹어요. (I eat an apple.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing B2

Form a sentence about what a person is watching on TV, using the correct object marker.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

친구는 영화를 봐요. (My friend watches a movie.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
writing B2

Construct a sentence indicating what someone is reading, ensuring the object marker is used appropriately.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

저는 책을 읽어요. (I read a book.)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
reading B2

민수는 무엇을 먹었어요? (What did Minsu eat?)

Read this passage:

민수는 어제 도서관에서 한국어 책을 읽었어요. 그리고 저녁에 친구와 맛있는 비빔밥을 먹었어요. 민수는 한국어를 정말 좋아해요.

민수는 무엇을 먹었어요? (What did Minsu eat?)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 비빔밥 (Bibimbap)

The passage states '맛있는 비빔밥을 먹었어요' (ate delicious bibimbap).

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 비빔밥 (Bibimbap)

The passage states '맛있는 비빔밥을 먹었어요' (ate delicious bibimbap).

reading B2

무엇을 산책시키나요? (What do you walk?)

Read this passage:

저는 주말마다 공원에서 강아지를 산책시켜요. 강아지는 풀밭에서 공을 가지고 놀아요. 가끔은 다른 강아지 친구들도 만나요.

무엇을 산책시키나요? (What do you walk?)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 강아지 (Dog)

The passage says '저는 주말마다 공원에서 강아지를 산책시켜요' (I walk my dog in the park every weekend).

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 강아지 (Dog)

The passage says '저는 주말마다 공원에서 강아지를 산책시켜요' (I walk my dog in the park every weekend).

reading B2

제주도에서 무엇을 봤나요? (What did you see in Jeju Island?)

Read this passage:

우리는 제주도에서 아름다운 바다를 봤어요. 파란 하늘과 깨끗한 물이 인상적이었어요. 맛있는 해산물도 많이 먹었고요.

제주도에서 무엇을 봤나요? (What did you see in Jeju Island?)

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 아름다운 바다 (Beautiful sea)

The passage states '제주도에서 아름다운 바다를 봤어요' (We saw the beautiful sea in Jeju Island).

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 아름다운 바다 (Beautiful sea)

The passage states '제주도에서 아름다운 바다를 봤어요' (We saw the beautiful sea in Jeju Island).

fill blank C2

그는 복잡한 철학적 개념___ 능숙하게 설명했다.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

Here, '철학적 개념' (philosophical concepts) is the direct object of the verb '설명했다' (explained), so the object marker '을' is used.

fill blank C2

정부의 새로운 정책은 사회 전반의 복잡한 문제___ 해결하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

'복잡한 문제' (complex problems) is the direct object of '해결하는 데 기여할 것' (will contribute to solving), requiring the object marker '을'.

fill blank C2

과학자들은 우주 탐사를 통해 미지의 행성___ 발견했다.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

'미지의 행성' (unknown planet) is the direct object of '발견했다' (discovered), so '을' is the correct particle.

fill blank C2

그 예술가는 전통적인 회화 기법___ 현대적으로 재해석하여 독특한 작품을 창조했다.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

'전통적인 회화 기법' (traditional painting techniques) is the direct object of '재해석하여' (reinterpreted), thus '을' is needed.

fill blank C2

기업은 혁신적인 기술 개발을 통해 시장의 판도___ 변화시키고 있다.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

'시장의 판도' (the market landscape) is the direct object of '변화시키고 있다' (is changing), requiring the object marker '을'.

fill blank C2

사회학자들은 현대 사회의 복잡한 인간 관계___ 분석하기 위해 다양한 연구를 수행하고 있다.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta: 을

'복잡한 인간 관계' (complex human relationships) is the direct object of '분석하기 위해' (in order to analyze), so '을' is used.

/ 30 correct

Perfect score!

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