B2 Advanced Grammar 10 min read Easy

Based On: -을/를 바탕으로

Use -을/를 바탕으로 to sound like a native when explaining the inspiration or foundation behind an action.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -을/를 바탕으로 to indicate the foundation, evidence, or basis upon which an action or plan is built.

  • Attach to a noun: 'Fact + 을/를 바탕으로'.
  • Indicates the source material: '데이터를 바탕으로 보고서를 썼어요' (I wrote the report based on the data).
  • Can be used for abstract concepts like experience or theory.
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 + Verb

Overview

In Korean, expressing that an action, creation, or judgment is based on a particular source is crucial for sophisticated communication. The grammar pattern -을/를 바탕으로 (eul/reul batang-euro) serves precisely this function. It directly translates to "with [something] as the foundation" or "based on [something]." The core of this pattern is the noun 바탕 (batang), which means foundation, basis, or background.

When combined with the object particle 을/를 and the instrumental particle 으로 (by means of), it forms a powerful structure that specifies the origin or inspiration for a subsequent clause.

At the B2 level, moving beyond simple cause-and-effect grammar (-아서/어서) is essential. -을/를 바탕으로 allows you to articulate the foundational source of your ideas with academic and professional precision. It connects an abstract source—such as a story, data, experience, or philosophy—to a tangible result, like a film, a report, a decision, or a piece of art.

For instance, the common movie tagline "Based on a true story" is a perfect example: 실화를 바탕으로 한 영화 (a movie based on a true story). Mastering this pattern is a key step toward producing nuanced, credible, and well-reasoned sentences in both written and spoken Korean.

This grammar is not merely a formal expression; it reflects a specific way of thinking. It signals to the listener or reader that your conclusion is not arbitrary but is instead grounded in a specific set of facts, observations, or source materials. It's the grammatical equivalent of citing your sources, lending authority and structure to your arguments.

You will frequently encounter it in news analysis, academic papers, professional presentations, and critical reviews, making it indispensable for advanced comprehension and production.

How This Grammar Works

The linguistic principle behind -을/를 바탕으로 is source attribution. It identifies the foundational element that enables, inspires, or logically supports the main action of the sentence. The structure works by treating the source noun as the object of an implied verb phrase like ~을 바탕으로 삼다 (to use/make something as a basis).
This is a critical point: because 바탕 is conceptually the object of this underlying action, the object particle -을/를 is mandatory. Its presence is what grammatically links the source noun to the concept of 'foundation'.
The overall structure is [Source Noun] + -을/를 바탕으로 + [Resulting Action/State]. The source noun is almost exclusively an abstract concept. This is not used for physical foundations of buildings but for the intellectual, experiential, or informational foundations of ideas and actions.
Think of it as building a logical argument. Your 바탕 is your primary evidence or axiom.
Let's break down its application with a practical example:
  1. 1Identify your source/foundation: A set of survey results (설문조사 결과). This is an abstract collection of data.
  2. 2Identify your resulting action: You created a new product plan (신제품 계획을 세웠다).
  3. 3Connect them: 저희 팀은 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 신제품 계획을 세웠습니다. (Our team created the new product plan based on the survey results.)
In this sentence, the survey results are not just a simple reason; they are the entire foundation upon which the plan was built. The choice of -을/를 바탕으로 conveys that the plan is a direct, logical outgrowth of the data. Using a simpler connector like -어서 would imply a weaker, more general causal link.
This pattern, therefore, provides a much stronger and more precise statement about the relationship between the source and the outcome. It highlights a deliberate and reasoned process.

Formation Pattern

1
The application of -을/를 바탕으로 is systematic and depends on whether you are attaching it to a noun or a verb/adjective clause. The latter requires nominalization, a process of turning a clause into a noun phrase.
2
1. Attaching to Nouns
3
This is the most direct usage. The rule follows the standard application of the object particle -을/를 based on the final sound of the noun.
4
If the noun ends in a consonant (받침 batchim), you add -을 바탕으로.
5
If the noun ends in a vowel, you add -를 바탕으로.
6
| Noun Type | Rule | Example | Translation |
7
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
8
| Ends in Consonant | Noun + 을 바탕으로 | 사실 (fact) → 사실을 바탕으로 | Based on the fact(s) |
9
| Ends in Consonant | Noun + 을 바탕으로 | 경험 (experience) → 경험을 바탕으로 | Based on experience |
10
| Ends in Vowel | Noun + 를 바탕으로 | 실화 (true story) → 실화를 바탕으로 | Based on a true story |
11
| Ends in Vowel | Noun + 를 바탕으로 | 데이터 (data) → 데이터를 바탕으로 | Based on the data |
12
Example Sentences:
13
(Formal) 이 보고서는 실제 인터뷰를 바탕으로 작성되었습니다.
14
This report was written based on actual interviews.
15
(Casual) 내 생각은 여러 기사를 바탕으로 한 거야.
16
My opinion is based on several articles.
17
2. Attaching to Verb/Adjective Clauses (Nominalization)
18
You cannot attach this pattern directly to a verb or adjective stem. You must first transform the entire clause into a noun phrase using a nominalizer, most commonly -ㄴ/은/는 것.
19
Action Verbs (Past): V-(으)ㄴ 것
20
Action Verbs (Present): V-는 것
21
Descriptive Verbs/Adjectives: Adj-(으)ㄴ 것
22
| Clause Type | Nominalization Rule | Example | Full Phrase |
23
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
24
| Past Action | V-(으)ㄴ 것 | 제가 (what I saw) | 제가 본 것을 바탕으로 (based on what I saw) |
25
| Present Action | V-는 것 | 우리가 아는 (what we know) | 우리가 아는 것을 바탕으로 (based on what we know) |
26
| State/Description | Adj-(으)ㄴ 것 | 이론이 복잡한 (the fact that the theory is complex) | 이론이 복잡한 것을 바탕으로 (based on the fact that the theory is complex) |
27
Example Sentences:
28
(Formal) 경찰은 목격자가 진술한 것을 바탕으로 수사를 진행하고 있습니다.
29
The police are proceeding with the investigation based on what the witness testified.
30
(Casual) 내가 직접 경험한 것을 바탕으로 조언해 주는 거야.
31
I'm giving you advice based on what I personally experienced.
32
This two-step process—nominalize first, then attach the pattern—is fundamental for using verbs and adjectives as the foundation for your claims.

When To Use It

-을/를 바탕으로 is most appropriate in contexts that require logic, citation, or explanation of a foundation. While versatile, its usage is concentrated in several key areas.
1. Academic and Professional Contexts
This is the pattern’s primary domain. It is standard in reports, research papers, business proposals, and presentations to show that conclusions are data-driven and well-researched.
  • 본 연구는 선행 연구를 바탕으로 새로운 가설을 설정하였습니다. (This study established a new hypothesis based on previous research.)
  • 고객 피드백을 바탕으로 서비스 개선안을 마련했습니다. (We prepared a service improvement plan based on customer feedback.)
2. Citing Creative or Inspirational Sources
This is used to explain the origins of artistic works like films, novels, or music.
  • 이 영화는 1980년대에 있었던 실제 사건을 바탕으로 제작되었습니다. (This movie was produced based on a real incident that occurred in the 1980s.)
  • 그 화가는 한국의 전통 민화를 바탕으로 자신만의 독특한 스타일을 만들었어요. (That artist created their own unique style based on traditional Korean folk paintings.)
3. Explaining Judgments, Decisions, or Opinions
When you need to justify a decision or opinion by rooting it in a logical foundation, this pattern adds weight and credibility.
  • 수집된 증거를 바탕으로 판단하건대, 피고인은 무죄입니다. (Judging by the collected evidence, the defendant is not guilty.)
  • 저는 제가 직접 본 것을 바탕으로 이야기하는 겁니다. (I am speaking based on what I saw with my own eyes.)
4. Describing How Systems and Algorithms Work
In the digital age, this pattern is perfect for explaining the logic behind technology.
  • 유튜브 추천 알고리즘은 사용자의 시청 기록을 바탕으로 다음 동영상을 제안합니다. (The YouTube recommendation algorithm suggests the next video based on the user's viewing history.)
Contrasting with Similar Patterns
  • vs. -에 따라(서) (according to/depending on)
-에 따라 implies variation and correspondence. If the noun changes, the result changes. It’s about a variable relationship. -을/를 바탕으로 implies a fixed, unchanging foundation from which something is built.
  • 계획에 따라 진행해 주세요. (Please proceed according to the plan.) -> The plan dictates each step.
  • 이 소설을 바탕으로 영화를 만들었어요. (They made a movie based on this novel.) -> The novel is a fixed source; it doesn't change.
  • vs. -을/를 기초로 (하여) (on the basis of)
기초 (gicho, 基礎) is a close synonym for 바탕. However, 기초 often carries a more formal, academic, or technical nuance, referring to a fundamental principle or the literal foundation of a study. 바탕 is broader and can feel more natural when discussing experiences, stories, or general backgrounds.
  • 이 과학 이론을 기초로 한 실험 (An experiment based on this scientific theory.) -> Sounds technical and fundamental.
  • 그의 슬픈 경험을 바탕으로 한 노래 (A song based on his sad experience.) -> 바탕 fits the personal and artistic context better.

Common Mistakes

Learners often make a few predictable errors with this pattern. Avoiding them is key to sounding natural and accurate.
1. Omitting the Object Particle -을/를
This is the most frequent mistake. Because English uses "based on" without an object marker, learners often drop -을/를. However, in Korean, its omission is grammatically incorrect as it breaks the link between the source noun and the action of 'making it a basis'.
  • Incorrect: *이 영화는 실화 바탕으로 만들었어요.
  • Correct: 이 영화는 실화를 바탕으로 만들었어요. (This movie was made based on a true story.)
2. Using It for Physical Foundations
This pattern is for abstract foundations only: ideas, data, stories, facts. It cannot be used for the physical materials or location something is built on.
  • Incorrect: *이 집은 튼튼한 돌을 바탕으로 지었어요.
  • Correct: 이 집은 튼튼한 돌 지었어요. (This house was built with sturdy stone.) Use the simple instrumental particle -로/으로 for materials.
3. Confusing It with -에 의하면 (According to a Source)
-에 의하면 is used to cite the source of information you are reporting. -을/를 바탕으로 is used to cite the foundation for an action or creation you are undertaking. One is for reporting, the other for doing.
  • Reporting Information: 일기예보에 의하면 내일은 날씨가 맑다고 합니다. (According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.)
  • Explaining Action: 우리는 과거 날씨 데이터를 바탕으로 내일 날씨를 예측합니다. (We predict tomorrow's weather based on past weather data.)
4. Incorrectly Attaching to Verbs
Never attach the pattern directly to a verb stem. You must always use a nominalizer like -ㄴ/은/는 것 first.
  • Incorrect: *들은 바탕으로 말하는 게 아니에요.
  • Correct: 들은 것을 바탕으로 말하는 게 아니에요. (I'm not speaking based on what I [merely] heard.)

Real Conversations

Here is how -을/를 바탕으로 appears in different contexts, from formal to casual.

S

Scenario 1

Business Meeting (Formal)
M

Manager

박 팀장님, 다음 분기 마케팅 전략은 어떻게 준비되고 있습니까?

(Mr. Park, how is the marketing strategy for next quarter coming along?)

T

Team Lead

네, 최근 시장 동향 분석 자료를 바탕으로 몇 가지 시안을 마련했습니다. 데이터를 보시면 아시겠지만, 20대 소비층을 겨냥한 SNS 캠페인이 가장 효과적일 것으로 판단됩니다.

(Yes, we have prepared a few drafts based on recent market trend analysis data. As you can see from the data, we've judged that an SNS campaign targeting consumers in their 20s will be most effective.)

S

Scenario 2

Discussing a Movie (Casual)
M

Minjun

어제 '서울의 봄' 봤어? 진짜 긴장감 넘치더라.

(Did you see "12.12: The Day" yesterday? It was so intense.)

S

Sujin

아, 그거 봤지! 실제 역사를 바탕으로 만들어서 그런지 더 몰입되더라고. 배우들이 연기한 인물들도 다 실존 인물들이잖아.

(Ah, I saw that! Maybe because it was made based on real history, it was even more immersive. The characters the actors played are all real people, too.)

M

Minjun

맞아. 감독이 관련자들 인터뷰한 것을 바탕으로 시나리오를 썼대.

(Right. They said the director wrote the screenplay based on interviews with the people involved.)

S

Scenario 3

University Lecture (Polite)
P

Professor

이 사회 현상의 원인이 무엇이라고 생각하나요?

(What do you think is the cause of this social phenomenon?)

S

Student

제가 읽은 논문을 바탕으로 말씀드리자면, 경제적 불평등과 교육 기회의 차이가 핵심적인 원인으로 지목되고 있었습니다.

(Speaking based on the thesis I read, economic inequality and differences in educational opportunities were pointed out as the core causes.)

Quick FAQ

Q: Can I shorten -을/를 바탕으로 in conversation?

Yes. The most common variation is to replace -으로 with -으로 해서, becoming ~을/를 바탕으로 해서. The meaning is identical. In adjectival clauses, it becomes -을/를 바탕으로 한 [Noun] (e.g., 실화를 바탕으로 한 영화). In casual speech, the full ~을/를 바탕으로 is often used as is because it's a very standard, set phrase.

Q: What verbs commonly follow this pattern?

Verbs related to creation, analysis, and judgment are extremely common. These include: 만들다 (to make), 제작하다/되다 (to produce/be produced), 쓰다 (to write), 그리다 (to draw), 분석하다 (to analyze), 판단하다 (to judge), 결정하다 (to decide), 설계하다 (to design), 추천하다 (to recommend), and 말씀드리다 (to speak/tell, formal).

Q: What is the difference between -을/를 바탕으로 and -을/를 바탕으로 하여?

하여 is the formal, written form of 해서. Functionally, they are the same, but -을/를 바탕으로 하여 sounds more formal and is almost exclusively found in academic papers, legal documents, and official written reports. For most speaking and general writing, -을/를 바탕으로 is sufficient.

Q: Can I use this for a person's advice, like "based on my father"?

You base it on the advice, not the person. You would say 아버지의 조언을 바탕으로 (based on my father's advice) or 선생님의 가르침을 바탕으로 (based on my teacher's teachings). You cannot say *아버지를 바탕으로. The foundation must be the concept, not the individual.

Q: How is this different from -에 근거하여 (based on grounds/evidence)?

근거 (geun-geo, 根據) means "grounds," "proof," or "evidence." It is much more specific than 바탕 and is used when you are citing concrete, verifiable evidence, often in a legal, scientific, or argumentative context. While they overlap, 근거 implies a stronger need for proof.

  • 법률 제5조에 근거하여 (Based on Article 5 of the law.) -> Legal evidence.
  • 명확한 증거에 근거하여 (Based on clear evidence.) -> Evidentiary proof.
  • 다양한 경험을 바탕으로 (Based on diverse experiences.) -> 바탕 is better for something less concrete than legal or scientific proof.

Formation Table

Noun Type Particle Grammar Example
Consonant ending
-을
바탕으로
경험을 바탕으로
Vowel ending
-를
바탕으로
이유를 바탕으로
Abstract Noun
-을/를
바탕으로
사실을 바탕으로
Data/Fact
-을/를
바탕으로
데이터를 바탕으로
Experience
-을/를
바탕으로
기억을 바탕으로
Plan/Theory
-을/를
바탕으로
이론을 바탕으로

Meanings

This grammar structure is used to express that a specific action, plan, or result is derived from or supported by a particular foundation, fact, or experience.

1

Evidence-based

Using data or facts as a foundation.

“조사 결과를 바탕으로 결론을 내렸습니다.”

“통계를 바탕으로 정책을 세웠습니다.”

2

Experience-based

Using personal history as a foundation.

“제 경험을 바탕으로 조언을 해 드릴게요.”

“어릴 적 기억을 바탕으로 그림을 그렸어요.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Based On: -을/를 바탕으로
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로
사실을 바탕으로 말해요.
Negative
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 하지 않다
소문을 바탕으로 하지 않아요.
Question
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 했나요?
경험을 바탕으로 했나요?
Past
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 했다
데이터를 바탕으로 했습니다.
Future
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 할 것이다
이론을 바탕으로 할 것입니다.
Passive
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 되다
사실을 바탕으로 된 이야기입니다.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
데이터를 바탕으로 계획을 수립했습니다.

데이터를 바탕으로 계획을 수립했습니다. (Business meeting)

Neutral
데이터를 바탕으로 계획을 세웠어요.

데이터를 바탕으로 계획을 세웠어요. (Business meeting)

Informal
데이터를 바탕으로 계획을 세웠어.

데이터를 바탕으로 계획을 세웠어. (Business meeting)

Slang
데이터 기반으로 짰어.

데이터 기반으로 짰어. (Business meeting)

The Foundation Concept

바탕으로

Source

  • 데이터 Data
  • 경험 Experience

Result

  • 결론 Conclusion
  • 작품 Work

Examples by Level

1

이 책을 바탕으로 공부해요.

I study based on this book.

2

제 생각을 바탕으로 말해요.

I speak based on my thoughts.

3

이 지도를 바탕으로 가요.

I go based on this map.

4

사진을 바탕으로 그려요.

I draw based on a photo.

1

경험을 바탕으로 결정했어요.

I decided based on experience.

2

뉴스 내용을 바탕으로 썼어요.

I wrote it based on the news.

3

조사 결과를 바탕으로 발표해요.

I present based on the survey results.

4

이 계획을 바탕으로 시작해요.

I start based on this plan.

1

지난 실패를 바탕으로 다시 도전합니다.

I am challenging myself again based on past failures.

2

고객의 의견을 바탕으로 서비스를 개선했어요.

We improved the service based on customer feedback.

3

역사적 사실을 바탕으로 소설을 썼습니다.

I wrote a novel based on historical facts.

4

이론을 바탕으로 실험을 진행했습니다.

We conducted the experiment based on the theory.

1

데이터 분석을 바탕으로 전략을 수립했습니다.

We established a strategy based on data analysis.

2

현장 조사를 바탕으로 보고서를 작성 중입니다.

I am writing a report based on field research.

3

다양한 문화를 바탕으로 새로운 예술을 창조합니다.

They create new art based on diverse cultures.

4

법적 근거를 바탕으로 문제를 해결해야 합니다.

We must solve the problem based on legal grounds.

1

축적된 노하우를 바탕으로 업계 최고가 되었습니다.

We became the best in the industry based on accumulated know-how.

2

철학적 사유를 바탕으로 삶의 의미를 탐구합니다.

I explore the meaning of life based on philosophical thought.

3

기존의 관습을 바탕으로 새로운 전통을 만듭니다.

We create new traditions based on existing customs.

4

심리학적 이론을 바탕으로 행동을 분석했습니다.

I analyzed the behavior based on psychological theory.

1

고전 문학을 바탕으로 현대적 해석을 가미했습니다.

I added a modern interpretation based on classical literature.

2

사회적 합의를 바탕으로 정책을 추진해야 합니다.

We must push forward policies based on social consensus.

3

개인의 주관적 경험을 바탕으로 객관적 진리를 찾습니다.

I seek objective truth based on subjective individual experience.

4

수년간의 연구를 바탕으로 논문을 완성했습니다.

I completed the thesis based on years of research.

Easily Confused

Based On: -을/를 바탕으로 vs 때문에 (Because of)

Both explain a reason, but '때문에' is for causes, while '바탕으로' is for foundations.

Based On: -을/를 바탕으로 vs 에 근거하여 (Based on/Grounded in)

Both mean 'based on', but '근거하여' is formal/legal.

Based On: -을/를 바탕으로 vs 기반으로 (Based on/On the basis of)

Almost identical to '바탕으로'.

Common Mistakes

나무 바탕으로 집을 지어요.

나무로 집을 지어요.

바탕으로 is for abstract foundations, not physical materials.

경험 바탕으로 했어요.

경험을 바탕으로 했어요.

Missing the object particle makes the sentence sound incomplete.

비가 와서 바탕으로 집에 있어요.

비가 와서 집에 있어요.

바탕으로 is not a causal connector like 'because'.

이 법을 바탕으로 처벌합니다.

이 법에 근거하여 처벌합니다.

In legal contexts, '근거하여' is preferred over '바탕으로'.

Sentence Patterns

___을/를 바탕으로 ___을/를 만들었어요.

___을/를 바탕으로 결정했습니다.

___을/를 바탕으로 한 ___입니다.

___을/를 바탕으로 하지 않은 ___은/는 없습니다.

Real World Usage

Job Interview very common

인턴 경험을 바탕으로 이 직무에 지원했습니다.

Texting occasional

네 의견을 바탕으로 수정했어.

Academic Writing constant

본 연구는 통계 자료를 바탕으로 작성되었습니다.

Social Media common

여러분의 요청을 바탕으로 이 영상을 만들었어요!

Business Report very common

시장 조사를 바탕으로 전략을 변경합니다.

News Report common

경찰은 확보된 증거를 바탕으로 수사 중입니다.

💡

Smooth Pronunciation

The pronunciation naturally blends together! 바탕으로 sounds exactly like 바탕으-로 (ba-tang-eu-ro). Keep it smooth!
⚠️

No Direct Verbs

Never attach this directly to a verb. Always use -는 것 to turn the verb into a noun first.
🎯

Adjective Form

Add 하다 to make it modify another noun! 실화를 바탕으로 한 영화 means 'a movie based on a true story'.
💬

Netflix Subtitles

You will see 실화를 바탕으로 at the very start of almost every historical or crime K-drama. Keep an eye out!

Smart Tips

Use '바탕으로' to cite your data sources to sound more authoritative.

데이터를 보고 썼어요. 데이터를 바탕으로 보고서를 작성했습니다.

Use '바탕으로' to explain your inspiration.

내 경험으로 만들었어요. 제 경험을 바탕으로 만들었습니다.

Use '바탕으로' to show you thought it through.

그냥 결정했어요. 조사 결과를 바탕으로 결정했습니다.

Use '바탕으로' to justify your suggestions.

제 생각은 이래요. 현장 상황을 바탕으로 제안합니다.

Pronunciation

ba-tang-eu-ro

Linking

The 'ㄹ' in '을/를' links to the '바' in '바탕으로'.

Statement

Noun을 바탕으로 ↗ 했어요 ↘

Neutral, informative tone.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a house: the noun is the concrete foundation (바탕) and your action is the house built on top.

Visual Association

Imagine a giant stone block labeled 'FACT' and a person building a beautiful glass tower on top of it.

Rhyme

바탕으로, 기초로, 근거로, 모두 다 기반으로.

Story

Min-su wanted to write a book. He looked at his life (경험). He used his life as the foundation (경험을 바탕으로). Now he is a famous author.

Word Web

기초근거토대기반사실경험

Challenge

Write three sentences about your day using '...을/를 바탕으로' to explain your actions.

Cultural Notes

In Korean corporate culture, using this phrase shows you are logical and prepared.

Essential for thesis writing to cite sources.

Used by influencers to explain why they chose a certain topic.

Derived from the noun '바탕' (foundation/base) and the particle '으로' (by means of).

Conversation Starters

어떤 경험을 바탕으로 이 일을 시작하셨나요?

무엇을 바탕으로 결정을 내리시나요?

이 영화는 무엇을 바탕으로 만들어졌나요?

어떤 이론을 바탕으로 공부하고 계신가요?

Journal Prompts

Write about a big decision you made. What was it based on?
Describe your favorite hobby. What is it based on?
How do you plan your future? What do you base your plans on?
If you wrote a book, what would it be based on?

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

데이터___ 바탕으로 보고서를 썼습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 is the correct structure.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경험을 바탕으로 결정했어요.
The object particle '을' is required.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

나무를 바탕으로 집을 지었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나무로 집을 지었어요.
Physical materials use '-(으)로', not '바탕으로'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

바탕으로 / 사실을 / 영화를 / 만들었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사실을 바탕으로 영화를 만들었어요.
The foundation comes before the action.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 왜 이 결정을 했나요? B: ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경험을 바탕으로 했어요.
Matches the context of explaining a decision.
Change to formal. Sentence Transformation

경험을 바탕으로 했어.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경험을 바탕으로 했습니다.
Formal ending is -습니다.
Match the noun to the action. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-보고서, 2-조언, 3-영화
Logical pairing of foundations to outcomes.
Which is more formal? Multiple Choice

Choose the most formal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 데이터를 바탕으로 합니다.
Formal speech level is -합니다.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

데이터___ 바탕으로 보고서를 썼습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Noun + 을/를 + 바탕으로 is the correct structure.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경험을 바탕으로 결정했어요.
The object particle '을' is required.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

나무를 바탕으로 집을 지었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 나무로 집을 지었어요.
Physical materials use '-(으)로', not '바탕으로'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

바탕으로 / 사실을 / 영화를 / 만들었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사실을 바탕으로 영화를 만들었어요.
The foundation comes before the action.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 왜 이 결정을 했나요? B: ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경험을 바탕으로 했어요.
Matches the context of explaining a decision.
Change to formal. Sentence Transformation

경험을 바탕으로 했어.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경험을 바탕으로 했습니다.
Formal ending is -습니다.
Match the noun to the action. Match Pairs

Match: 1. 데이터, 2. 경험, 3. 사실

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-보고서, 2-조언, 3-영화
Logical pairing of foundations to outcomes.
Which is more formal? Multiple Choice

Choose the most formal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 데이터를 바탕으로 합니다.
Formal speech level is -합니다.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the correct ending. Fill in the Blank

저의 실패한 경험을 _________ 새로운 사업을 시작했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 바탕으로
Reorder the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

영화는 / 이 / 바탕으로 / 실화를 / 만들어졌어요

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 영화는 실화를 바탕으로 만들어졌어요
Translate the phrase to Korean. Translation

Based on the data

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 데이터를 바탕으로
Select the correct particle for '사실' (Fact). Multiple Choice

사실___ 바탕으로 기사를 썼습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Match the noun to its correct particle form. Match Pairs

Match the noun to its correct particle form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 경험을, 실화를, 데이터를
Find the grammatical error. Error Correction

엄마를 바탕으로 선물을 골랐어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 엄마의 취향을 바탕으로 선물을 골랐어요.
Complete the nominalization. Fill in the Blank

제가 배운 ___ 바탕으로 설명해 드릴게요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 것을
Which sentence means 'Prices change depending on demand'? Multiple Choice

Which grammar pattern fits better here?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 수요에 따라 가격이 변해요.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

결과를 / 분석했습니다 / 바탕으로 / 설문조사

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 분석했습니다
Fill in the correct spelling. Fill in the Blank

사실을 _________ 판단하세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 바탕으로

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No, use '-(으)로' for materials. '바탕으로' is for abstract foundations.

It is neutral to formal. It is very common in professional settings.

Use '을' after consonants and '를' after vowels.

'때문에' is a cause, '바탕으로' is a foundation or source.

Yes, but it sounds a bit serious. Use it when explaining your reasoning.

Use '를'. Example: '이유를 바탕으로'.

Yes, it's very common for citing data or theories.

No, it must be attached to a noun.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

basado en

Korean requires the object particle before the grammar.

French high

basé sur

Korean word order is SOV, placing the foundation before the verb.

German moderate

auf der Grundlage von

German uses a prepositional phrase.

Japanese high

~に基づいて

Japanese uses 'ni' instead of 'eul/reul' particle.

Arabic high

بناءً على

Arabic places the phrase at the start of the clause.

Chinese high

基于

Chinese is a prefix, while Korean is a suffix structure.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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