B2
Advanced Grammar
3 min read
Medium
Defining Concepts: 'Means That' (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다)
Use
-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다 to define concepts with academic precision and objective authority in formal Korean writing.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use '-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다' to define concepts or clarify the meaning of a specific term or action.
- Use -는 것으로 for present tense verbs: '가는 것을 뜻한다' (It means going).
- Use -ㄴ/은 것으로 for past tense or adjectives: '좋은 것을 뜻한다' (It means [that it is] good).
- Use -을 것으로 for future intent: '할 것을 뜻한다' (It means [that one] will do it).
Concept/Word + (Verb/Adj + 는/은/ㄴ 것) + 을 뜻한다
Overview
When you encounter Korean texts that rigorously define concepts, clarify terminology, or present objective information, you will invariably find the grammatical pattern -ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다 (romanized: -n/eun/neun geoseul tteuthanda). This structure functions as the definitive way to say "means that...", "signifies...", or "refers to the fact that...". It is the linguistic tool of choice for academic papers, official documents, philosophical discussions, and any context demanding precise, unambiguous articulation of meaning.
Unlike more casual expressions, -ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다 projects an authoritative and objective tone, making it essential for university students and professionals who need to communicate complex ideas with clarity and intellectual rigor. Understanding its components reveals its power: the adnominal endings (-ㄴ/은/는) modify the nominalizer 것 (thing/fact), which is then made the object (을/를) of the verb 뜻하다 (to mean/signify). This sophisticated combination transforms an entire clause into a concept or fact that is then defined, establishing a bedrock for clear communication in formal Korean.
It is not merely a synonym for 'to mean'; it is the mechanism through which Korean speakers formally establish and express definitions.
How This Grammar Works
At its core,
-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다 operates through the process of nominalization. In Korean, nominalization allows you to treat a verb or adjective clause as a noun. Here, the clause preceding 것을 뜻한다 is converted into a noun phrase, enabling it to serve as the direct object of the verb 뜻하다.The adnominal endings (
-는 for present tense action verbs, -ㄴ/은 for past tense action verbs and descriptive verbs/adjectives) are crucial. They function like relative pronouns in English (e.g., "that which is..."), modifying the subsequent noun 것. The word 것 itself acts as a generic placeholder noun, similar to "the fact" or "the act" in English.When you combine an adnominalized clause with
것, you essentially create a noun phrase like "the act of doing X" or "the state of being Y." This newly formed noun phrase is then marked with the object particle 을/를 (romanized: eul/reul) because it is the object of the main verb 뜻하다, meaning "to mean" or "to signify." For instance, if you want to define 공부하다 (to study), you convert it to 공부하는 것 (the act of studying), which then becomes 공부하는 것을 뜻한다 (means the act of studying). This precise grammatical construction explicitly states that the preceding concept or action is what is meant or signified, removing ambiguity and providing a clear, formal definition. The strength of this pattern lies in its ability to encapsulate complex ideas into a definable unit, making it indispensable for academic and professional discourse.For example,
사랑하는 것을 뜻한다 (saranghaneun geoseul tteuthanda) defines the act of loving, while 아름다운 것을 뜻한다 (areumdaun geoseul tteuthanda) defines the state of being beautiful. This structural precision is why it is the go-to for establishing foundational meanings.Formation Pattern
1
The formation of
-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다 requires careful application of adnominal endings based on the type of predicate (verb, adjective, or noun) and its tense. The base structure is always [Nominalized Clause] + 을/를 뜻한다. The complexity primarily lies in correctly forming the nominalized clause. Below are the precise rules and conjugations.
2
1. Action Verbs (동사)
3
Present Tense: For action verbs, attach
-는 to the verb stem, regardless of whether it ends in a consonant or vowel. This signifies an ongoing or general action.
4
| Form | Example (Verb:
먹다 - to eat) | Translation | Romanization |
5
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6
This grammar pattern,
-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다 (-n/eun/neun geoseul tteuthanda), serves as a formal and definitive expression for
Formation Table
| Tense | Verb/Adj Ending | Nominalizer | Final Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
|
Verb + -는
|
것을
|
뜻한다
|
|
Past
|
Verb/Adj + -ㄴ/은
|
것을
|
뜻한다
|
|
Future
|
Verb + -을
|
것을
|
뜻한다
|
|
Negative
|
안 + Verb + -는
|
것을
|
뜻한다
|
Common Shortened Forms
| Full Form | Shortened Form |
|---|---|
|
~는 것을 뜻한다
|
~는 뜻이다
|
|
~은 것을 뜻한다
|
~은 뜻이다
|
Meanings
This structure is used to define a term, action, or state by equating it to a descriptive clause. It functions similarly to 'means that' or 'signifies' in English.
1
Conceptual Definition
Defining the abstract meaning of a symbol or word.
“이 단어는 사랑을 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.”
“빨간색은 위험을 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.”
2
Action Interpretation
Explaining the implication of a specific action.
“그가 웃은 것은 기쁨을 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.”
“침묵은 거절을 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Verb + 는 것을 뜻한다
|
가는 것을 뜻한다
|
|
Past
|
Verb + 은 것을 뜻한다
|
간 것을 뜻한다
|
|
Future
|
Verb + 을 것을 뜻한다
|
갈 것을 뜻한다
|
|
Negative
|
안 + Verb + 는 것을 뜻한다
|
안 가는 것을 뜻한다
|
|
Adjective
|
Adj + 은 것을 뜻한다
|
좋은 것을 뜻한다
|
|
Question
|
Verb + 는 것을 뜻하나요?
|
가는 것을 뜻하나요?
|
Formality Spectrum
Formal
이것은 동의하는 것을 뜻합니다.
이것은 동의하는 것을 뜻합니다. (Professional meeting)
Neutral
이것은 동의하는 것을 뜻해요.
이것은 동의하는 것을 뜻해요. (Professional meeting)
Informal
이건 동의하는 걸 뜻해.
이건 동의하는 걸 뜻해. (Professional meeting)
Slang
이건 동의라는 뜻이야.
이건 동의라는 뜻이야. (Professional meeting)
Defining Concept Map
뜻한다 (Means)
Present
- 가는 것 Going
Past
- 간 것 Went
Future
- 갈 것 Will go
Examples by Level
1
이것은 사과를 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.
This means apple.
2
공부는 배우는 것을 뜻한다.
Study means learning.
3
웃음은 행복을 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.
Laughter means happiness.
4
이것은 무엇을 뜻하는 것을 뜻해요?
What does this mean?
1
그가 간 것은 떠나는 것을 뜻한다.
His leaving means departing.
2
이 신호는 멈추는 것을 뜻한다.
This signal means stopping.
3
비가 온 것은 날씨가 흐린 것을 뜻한다.
Rain means the weather is cloudy.
4
그녀의 대답은 동의하는 것을 뜻한다.
Her answer means agreeing.
1
이 정책은 변화를 시작하는 것을 뜻한다.
This policy means starting change.
2
그의 침묵은 반대하는 것을 뜻한다.
His silence means opposing.
3
이 결과는 성공을 의미하는 것을 뜻한다.
This result means success.
4
이것은 우리가 노력해야 하는 것을 뜻한다.
This means we must try.
1
이 현상은 사회적 갈등이 심화되는 것을 뜻한다.
This phenomenon means social conflict is deepening.
2
이 조항은 계약이 자동 갱신되는 것을 뜻한다.
This clause means the contract is auto-renewed.
3
그의 행동은 진심으로 사과하는 것을 뜻한다.
His action means apologizing sincerely.
4
이 데이터는 시장이 성장할 것을 뜻한다.
This data means the market will grow.
1
이러한 수사학적 표현은 은유를 사용하는 것을 뜻한다.
Such rhetorical expressions mean using metaphors.
2
이러한 변화는 패러다임이 전환되는 것을 뜻한다.
Such changes mean a paradigm shift.
3
이것은 우리가 근본적인 문제를 해결해야 하는 것을 뜻한다.
This means we must solve the fundamental problem.
4
이 결정은 기존의 관습을 타파하는 것을 뜻한다.
This decision means breaking existing customs.
1
이러한 미묘한 뉘앙스는 화자의 의도가 숨겨져 있는 것을 뜻한다.
Such subtle nuances mean the speaker's intent is hidden.
2
이러한 역사적 맥락은 당시의 시대상을 반영하는 것을 뜻한다.
Such historical context means reflecting the era.
3
이러한 철학적 담론은 인간 존재의 본질을 탐구하는 것을 뜻한다.
Such philosophical discourse means exploring the essence of human existence.
4
이러한 예술적 시도는 기존의 미학을 재정의하는 것을 뜻한다.
Such artistic attempts mean redefining existing aesthetics.
Easily Confused
Defining Concepts: 'Means That' (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다)
vs
뜻하다 vs 의미하다
Both mean 'to mean'.
Defining Concepts: 'Means That' (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다)
vs
것을 뜻한다 vs ~는 뜻이다
Both are used for definitions.
Defining Concepts: 'Means That' (-ㄴ/은/는 것을 뜻한다)
vs
Nominalization with -기 vs -것
Both turn verbs into nouns.
Common Mistakes
✗
먹다를 뜻한다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Missing nominalizer '것'.
✗
먹는 뜻한다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Missing object particle '을'.
✗
먹는 것 뜻한다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Missing object particle '을'.
✗
먹는 것을 의미한다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Grammatically okay but '뜻한다' is more natural for this specific structure.
✗
먹은 뜻한다
✓
먹은 것을 뜻한다
Missing nominalizer.
✗
먹는 것을 뜻했다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Tense mismatch for definitions.
✗
먹는 것을 뜻해요
✓
먹는 것을 뜻합니다
Register mismatch.
✗
먹는 것이 뜻한다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Subject vs Object particle error.
✗
먹는 것을 의미하는 것을 뜻한다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Redundant structure.
✗
먹는 것을 뜻하는
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Incomplete sentence.
✗
먹는 것을 뜻해진다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Incorrect passive voice.
✗
먹는 것을 뜻하는 것이다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Over-nominalization.
✗
먹는 것을 뜻하는 바이다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Overly formal/archaic.
✗
먹는 것을 뜻하기로 한다
✓
먹는 것을 뜻한다
Wrong auxiliary verb.
Sentence Patterns
이 ___은/는 ___을/를 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.
그가 ___한 것은 ___을/를 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.
이 데이터는 우리가 ___할 것을 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.
이러한 현상은 ___이/가 ___되는 것을 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.
Real World Usage
Academic Paper
very common
이 결과는 가설이 입증되는 것을 뜻한다.
News Report
common
이번 발표는 정책 변화를 뜻한다.
Business Meeting
common
이 수치는 매출 성장을 뜻합니다.
Texting
occasional
그게 무슨 뜻이야?
Classroom
very common
이 단어는 무엇을 뜻하나요?
Travel
occasional
이 표지판은 무엇을 뜻하는 것을 뜻하나요?
💡
Keep it simple
If you don't need to define a whole clause, just use 'Noun + 을 뜻한다'.
⚠️
Don't forget '것'
If you are defining a verb, you MUST add '것' to make it a noun.
🎯
Use for nuance
This structure is great for explaining why someone did something.
💬
Be formal
This is a formal structure; use it in professional or academic settings.
Smart Tips
Use the nominalizer '것' to turn the action into a noun phrase.
그가 웃다를 뜻한다.
→
그가 웃는 것을 뜻한다.
Use '뜻한다' instead of '의미한다' for clause definitions.
이것은 변화를 의미한다.
→
이것은 변화가 시작되는 것을 뜻한다.
Use the present tense nominalizer '는 것'.
이것은 평화 뜻한다.
→
이것은 평화를 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다.
Use the future tense nominalizer '을 것'.
우리가 가다를 뜻한다.
→
우리가 갈 것을 뜻한다.
Pronunciation
거슬 [geo-seul]
Linking
The '것을' part is pronounced '거슬' due to liaison.
Declarative
이것은 ~ 것을 뜻합니다 ↘
Standard statement of fact.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of '것' as a box. You put the action inside the box, then label the box '뜻한다' (Meaning).
Visual Association
Imagine a gift box. Inside the box is a note saying 'Going'. The label on the outside of the box says 'Means'.
Rhyme
Action in a box, '것' is the lid, '뜻한다' tells you what it did.
Story
I was confused by a sign. I put the sign's action in a box. I added '것' to close it. Then I wrote '뜻한다' on the front. Now I know what it means.
Word Web
뜻하다의미하다것정의설명개념상징
Challenge
Define 3 objects in your room using this structure in 5 minutes.
Cultural Notes
In business, precision is key. Using this structure shows you are careful with your words.
Used in papers to define terms clearly.
Often used when explaining cultural symbols to foreigners.
Derived from the verb '뜻하다' (to mean) and the nominalizer '것' (thing).
Conversation Starters
“
이 단어가 무엇을 뜻하는 것을 뜻하나요?
“
이 행동이 무엇을 뜻하는 것을 뜻하는 것 같나요?
“
이 정책이 우리에게 무엇을 뜻하는 것을 뜻할까요?
“
이 상징이 역사적으로 무엇을 뜻하는 것을 뜻했나요?
Journal Prompts
Define your favorite hobby using this grammar.
Explain a recent news event using this structure.
Discuss a cultural symbol in your country.
Analyze a complex social issue.
Common Mistakes
Incorrect
Correct
Incorrect
Correct
Incorrect
Correct
Incorrect
Correct
Test Yourself
Fill in the blank.
이것은 사랑을 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하는
Present tense definition.
Choose the correct form.
Multiple Choice
그가 웃은 것은 기쁨을 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하는
The definition is current.
Fix the error.
Error Correction
Find and fix the mistake:
이것은 사과를 뜻한다 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이것은 사과를 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다
Needs nominalizer.
Reorder the words.
Sentence Reorder
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 변화를 시작하는 것을 뜻한다
Correct word order.
Translate to Korean.
Translation
This means he is happy.
Answer starts with: 이것은...
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이것은 그가 행복한 것을 뜻한다
Direct translation.
Match the tense.
Match Pairs
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Present: 는 것
Correct tense markers.
Choose the best fit.
Multiple Choice
이 정책은 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 변화는
General definition.
Fill in the blank.
그의 침묵은 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 반대하는
Present state.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises
Fill in the blank.
이것은 사랑을 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하는
Present tense definition.
Choose the correct form.
Multiple Choice
그가 웃은 것은 기쁨을 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하는
The definition is current.
Fix the error.
Error Correction
Find and fix the mistake:
이것은 사과를 뜻한다 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이것은 사과를 뜻하는 것을 뜻한다
Needs nominalizer.
Reorder the words.
Sentence Reorder
뜻한다 / 것을 / 이 / 변화를 / 시작하는
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 변화를 시작하는 것을 뜻한다
Correct word order.
Translate to Korean.
Translation
This means he is happy.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이것은 그가 행복한 것을 뜻한다
Direct translation.
Match the tense.
Match Pairs
Match the tense to the ending.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Present: 는 것
Correct tense markers.
Choose the best fit.
Multiple Choice
이 정책은 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 변화는
General definition.
Fill in the blank.
그의 침묵은 ___ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 반대하는
Present state.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises
Reorder the words to define 'friendship'.
Sentence Reorder
뜻한다 / 우정은 / 아끼는 / 것을 / 친구를
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 우정은 친구를 아끼는 것을 뜻한다.
Translate: 'Love means giving everything.'
Translation
사랑은 모든 것을 주는 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사랑은 모든 것을 주는 것을 뜻한다.
Choose the correct form for the noun 'gift'.
Multiple Choice
이것은 선물____ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이라는
Complete the definition of 'safety'.
Fill in the Blank
안전은 위험이 ____ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 없는
Fix the sentence.
Error Correction
졸업은 학교를 다 마쳤다 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 졸업은 학교를 다 마친 것을 뜻한다.
Match the term to its definition.
Match Pairs
Match the following:
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 수출-물건을 파는 것, 수입-물건을 사는 것, 절약-아껴 쓰는 것
Define 'honesty'.
Fill in the Blank
정직은 거짓말을 ____ 것을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 하지 않는
Which is more formal for a dictionary?
Multiple Choice
Select the dictionary-style definition.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사과는 과일의 일종인 것을 뜻한다.
Reorder the words.
Sentence Reorder
뜻한다 / 것을 / 가는 / 여행은 / 곳으로 / 새로운
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 여행은 새로운 곳으로 가는 것을 뜻한다.
Translate: 'Blue means hope here.'
Translation
이곳에서 파란색은 희망을 뜻한다.
✓ Correct!
✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이곳에서 파란색은 희망을 뜻한다.
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
It's a bit formal, but you can use it if you are explaining something clearly.
It depends. '의미한다' is for nouns, '뜻한다' is for clauses.
It turns the verb into a noun so it can be the object of '뜻한다'.
Yes, use '을 것을 뜻한다'.
Yes, very common in formal writing.
It might sound unnatural or grammatically incomplete.
Yes, use 'ㄴ/은 것을 뜻한다'.
Yes, it's very professional.
Scaffolded Practice
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
English
high
means that
Korean requires nominalization of the clause.
Spanish
moderate
significa que
Spanish uses a conjunction 'que', Korean uses a nominalizer '것'.
German
moderate
bedeutet, dass
German uses a comma and conjunction, Korean uses a noun phrase.
Japanese
high
意味する
Japanese often uses 'こと' (koto) as the nominalizer, just like Korean '것'.
Chinese
moderate
意味着
Chinese is more concise and lacks the nominalization step.
Arabic
moderate
يعني أن
Arabic uses a particle 'أن' to connect.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
B2
Formal 'By' Agent (-에 의해)
Overview In Korean, expressing agency – the 'by' in 'done by' – isn't a one-size-fits-all matter as it often is in Engli...
B2
Based On: -을/를 바탕으로
Overview In Korean, expressing that an action, creation, or judgment is **based on** a particular source is crucial for...
B2
The 'Double Passive' Vibe (Advanced Causative Passive)
Overview Korean, like many languages, employs grammatical mechanisms to shift focus within a sentence. The **Double Pass...
B2
The Inference Ending: It looks like... (-나/는가 보다)
Overview As you navigate the complexities of B2-level Korean, you encounter grammar that allows for more nuanced express...
B2
Expressing Shock: -다니 (How Could...)
Overview **-다니** (romanized: -dani) is an upper-intermediate (B2) Korean grammar pattern used to express strong surpr...
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