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A2 noun #1,500 más común 5 min de lectura

반대

bandae Top 1,500

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos 반대 en 30 segundos

Explicación 반대 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '반대' is most commonly introduced in the context of directions or simple opposites. Students learn it to describe things that are physically 'on the other side' or to identify basic antonyms like 'big' vs 'small'. The focus is on the noun form '반대' and the adverbial '반대로'. For example, if a teacher points to the left and then the right, they might say '반대예요'. It's a foundational word for spatial awareness and basic categorization of the world into binary pairs. Vocabulary lists at this level often include '반대말' (opposite word) as a tool for learning more adjectives. The grammar is kept simple, usually using '반대예요' (It is the opposite) or '반대 방향' (opposite direction).

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At the A2 level, learners begin to use '반대' to express personal opinions and simple disagreements. This is where the verb '반대하다' (to oppose) becomes important. Students learn to say '저는 그 생각에 반대해요' (I disagree with that idea). The context expands from physical directions to social interactions. You might use it when talking about plans with friends, like choosing a restaurant or a movie. It's also the level where the contrast between '찬성' (agree) and '반대' (disagree) is solidified. Learners start to understand that '반대' requires the particle '-에' when objecting to something. The usage is still relatively literal and direct, focusing on clear-cut situations of disagreement or physical opposition.

At the B1 level, '반대' is used in more complex social and societal contexts. Learners can discuss topics like parental opposition to a career choice or public opposition to a local project. The nuances of '반대' versus '다르다' (different) become clearer. Students start to use '반대로' as a transition word in writing to present a contrasting point, similar to 'on the contrary' or 'conversely' in English. The word appears in more varied grammatical structures, such as '반대에도 불구하고' (despite the opposition). At this stage, the learner can handle discussions about pros and cons (찬반 토론) and can explain *why* they are in '반대' using more sophisticated reasoning. The word starts to appear in more compound forms like '반대파' (the opposing side/faction).

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At the B2 level, '반대' is used to navigate formal debates and abstract concepts. Learners encounter the word in news articles about political '반대 당' (opposition parties) and economic '반대 급부' (reciprocal benefits). The usage becomes more strategic; it's not just about 'disagreeing,' but about 'presenting an opposition' in a structured way. Learners are expected to understand the subtle difference between '반대' (opposition), '거부' (rejection), and '항의' (protest). They can use the word to describe complex relationships, such as '정반대' (the exact opposite) in personality or ideology. Writing tasks might require comparing two opposing viewpoints using '반대' as a thematic anchor. The word also appears in idiomatic expressions and more formal Hanja-based vocabulary related to conflict and contrast.

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At the C1 level, '반대' is used in academic, legal, and philosophical contexts. It might refer to the 'antithesis' in a dialectical argument or the 'rebuttal' in a legal case. Learners understand the deep etymological roots of the Hanja and can recognize '반대' in highly specialized terms. They can discuss the 'logic of opposition' (반대의 논리) and how it shapes social discourse. The word is used to describe systemic resistance or the fundamental nature of binary systems. At this level, the learner can use '반대' to articulate nuanced critiques of literature or art, discussing how certain elements stand in '반대' to traditional norms. The focus shifts from the act of disagreeing to the structural and conceptual nature of being 'opposite'.

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At the C2 level, '반대' is mastered in all its rhetorical and technical glory. The learner can use it with the precision of a native speaker in high-level diplomacy, legal drafting, or philosophical treatise. They understand the historical evolution of the term in Korean society—how '반대' has been used in political movements and social changes. They can detect subtle irony or sarcasm when the word is used in literature. The learner can effortlessly switch between various synonyms (상반, 대립, 역행) to convey the exact shade of opposition intended. At this level, '반대' is not just a word but a tool for sophisticated analysis of complex systems, where opposition is seen as a necessary component of progress or a fundamental law of nature.

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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

반대 en 30 segundos

반대 (bandae) means 'opposite' or 'opposition'. It is used for both physical directions and personal opinions.
As a verb, '반대하다' means 'to oppose' and usually takes the particle '-에'.
It is the antonym of '찬성' (agreement/approval).
Commonly heard in phrases like '반대 방향' (opposite direction) and '반대말' (antonym).

The Korean word 반대 (bandae) is a versatile noun that primarily functions in two conceptual spheres: physical/logical opposition and interpersonal disagreement. Derived from the Hanja 反 (반 - to turn back) and 對 (대 - to face), it literally suggests 'facing the other way.' In its simplest form, it describes the relationship between two things that are as far apart as possible, like 'north' and 'south' or 'black' and 'white'.

Physical Direction: When used to describe space, it indicates the 'opposite side' (반대편). If you are walking down a street and someone is walking toward you from the other end, they are coming from the '반대' direction.

집이 학교 반대 방향에 있어요. (My house is in the opposite direction of the school.)

Logical Contrast: In linguistics or logic, it refers to antonyms or contrary concepts. For example, 'hot' is the '반대' of 'cold'. It establishes a binary relationship where one thing excludes the other.

이 단어의 반대말은 무엇인가요? (What is the opposite word of this word?)

Furthermore, '반대' extends into the realm of human will. When you 'do 반대' (반대하다), you are actively resisting a suggestion or a movement. This is common in political debates, family discussions, or business meetings where consensus is not reached. It represents a firm 'no' or a stance against a particular action.

부모님의 반대가 심해요. (My parents' opposition is strong.)

Using 반대 correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. It can function as a standalone noun, part of a compound noun, or be turned into a verb or adjective with the addition of suffixes like '-하다' or '-되다'.

As a Verb: 반대하다: To express 'to oppose' or 'to object,' use the particle '-에' for the object of opposition. For example: '계획에 반대하다' (To oppose the plan).

저는 그 의견에 반대합니다. (I oppose that opinion.)

As an Adjective/State: 반대이다: When saying 'it is the opposite,' use the particle '-와/과'. For example: '이것은 저것과 반대이다' (This is the opposite of that).

생각과는 반대로 결과가 나왔어요. (The result came out opposite to what I thought.)

In formal settings, '반대' is often paired with '찬성' (agreement/approval). You will frequently see these two words on buttons, voting ballots, or in survey questions. Understanding this pair is crucial for navigating Korean administrative or social systems.

Compound Nouns: 반대편 (opposite side), 반대말 (antonym), 반대 방향 (opposite direction), 반대 급부 (quid pro quo/compensation).

길 반대편에서 기다릴게요. (I will wait on the opposite side of the road.)

You will encounter 반대 in a variety of contexts, ranging from daily conversations to news broadcasts. It is a fundamental word for expressing contrast and conflict.

In the News: News reports often discuss '반대 시위' (protests/opposition demonstrations) against government policies or corporate decisions. You might hear: '시민들이 새 법안에 반대하고 있습니다' (Citizens are opposing the new bill).

야당의 반대로 협상이 결렬되었습니다. (The negotiation fell through due to the opposition party's resistance.)

In Transportation: When using the subway or bus, you might realize you are going the wrong way. A common phrase is '반대 방향으로 탔어요' (I took the opposite direction/wrong way).

어머, 반대 쪽으로 가야 해요! (Oh, you have to go to the opposite side!)

In academic or classroom settings, teachers will ask for the '반대말' (opposite word) to test vocabulary. In sports, the '반대편' might refer to the opponent's side of the court or field.

공을 반대쪽으로 패스하세요. (Pass the ball to the opposite side.)

Learners often stumble when using 반대 because it overlaps with other words related to difference or refusal. Understanding these nuances is key to sounding natural.

Confusing with '다르다' (Different): '다르다' simply means not the same. '반대' means the polar opposite. If I like apples and you like oranges, our tastes are '다르다'. If I want to go up and you want to go down, our directions are '반대'.

틀린 문장: 성격이 반대예요. (Correct if they are polar opposites, but usually '다르다' is safer for general differences.)

Confusing with '거절' (Refusal): '거절' is the act of turning down an offer or request. '반대' is the act of being against an idea. You '거절' a gift, but you '반대' a policy.

그는 제 제안을 반대했어요. (He opposed my proposal - meaning he was against the idea itself.)

Another mistake is using the wrong particle. Beginners often use '-를' (object particle) with '반대하다' because they think 'I oppose [something]'. While '-를 반대하다' is sometimes used, '-에 반대하다' is much more common and grammatically standard for 'to be against [something]'.

결혼에 반대해요. (I am against the marriage.)

To truly master 반대, it helps to see how it compares to its synonyms and related terms. Korean has several words for 'against' or 'opposite' depending on the intensity and context.

대조 (Contrast): '대조' is used when comparing two things to show their differences. It is more analytical than '반대'. While '반대' is a binary state, '대조' is an action of comparison.

두 그림을 대조해 보세요. (Try contrasting the two paintings.)

거부 (Rejection/Refusal): '거부' is stronger than '반대'. It implies a total refusal to accept or obey. If you '반대' a law, you disagree with it; if you '거부' a law, you might refuse to follow it.

명령을 거부했습니다. (He rejected the order.)

Finally, '대비' (Comparison/Contrast) is often used in literature or statistics to show how one thing stands out against another. While '반대' is about being 'against,' '대비' is about 'standing next to' to show difference.

작년 대비 수출이 늘었습니다. (Exports increased compared to last year.)

How Formal Is It?

Nivel de dificultad

Gramática que debes saber

-에 반대하다 (to oppose [something])

-와/과 반대이다 (to be the opposite of [something])

-에도 불구하고 (despite [opposition])

-는 반면 (on the other hand / while [contrary to])

-(으)ㄴ/는 대신에 (instead of / as an opposite action)

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Ejemplos por nivel

이쪽이 아니에요. 반대쪽이에요.

It's not this way. It's the opposite side.

반대쪽 (opposite side) is a common compound noun.

추워요의 반대말은 더워요입니다.

The opposite of 'cold' is 'hot'.

반대말 (opposite word/antonym) is essential for A1 learners.

학교는 집 반대 방향에 있어요.

The school is in the opposite direction of my house.

반대 방향 (opposite direction) uses 반대 as a modifier.

왼손의 반대는 오른손이에요.

The opposite of the left hand is the right hand.

Simple noun usage with the copula '이에요'.

반대로 가세요.

Go the opposite way.

반대로 is the adverbial form.

검은색과 하얀색은 반대예요.

Black and white are opposites.

Comparing two things using '과' and '반대'.

버스를 반대로 탔어요.

I took the bus in the opposite direction.

Common daily mistake expressed with '반대로'.

반대편에 앉으세요.

Please sit on the opposite side.

반대편 (opposite side/opposite party).

저는 그 계획에 반대해요.

I oppose that plan.

-에 반대하다 is the standard verb form.

부모님이 제 결혼을 반대하세요.

My parents are against my marriage.

Honorific form '반대하세요'.

친구들과 의견이 반대였어요.

My opinion was the opposite of my friends'.

Using '반대' to describe a state in the past tense.

찬성과 반대 중 하나를 고르세요.

Choose between 'for' and 'against'.

The common pair: 찬성 (agree) vs 반대 (oppose).

제 생각은 당신과 반대입니다.

My thoughts are the opposite of yours.

Formal ending '-입니다'.

반대하는 사람은 손을 드세요.

Those who oppose, please raise your hand.

Present participle '반대하는' modifying '사람'.

그 영화는 제 스타일과 반대예요.

That movie is the opposite of my style.

Using '반대' to express personal taste.

반대 방향으로 걸어갔어요.

I walked in the opposite direction.

Noun + Noun compound.

주민들의 반대에도 불구하고 공사가 시작되었다.

Despite the residents' opposition, construction began.

-에도 불구하고 (despite) is a B1 level grammar point.

그녀는 나와 정반대의 성격을 가지고 있다.

She has the exact opposite personality of mine.

정반대 (the exact/complete opposite).

반대로 생각하면 이해하기 쉬워요.

If you think the other way, it's easy to understand.

반대로 as a logical transition.

강력한 반대에 부딪혔습니다.

We ran into strong opposition.

반대에 부딪히다 (to encounter/run into opposition).

그의 행동은 말과 반대였다.

His actions were the opposite of his words.

Comparing '말' (words) and '행동' (actions).

반대 의견을 가진 사람들도 존중해야 합니다.

We must also respect people with opposing opinions.

반대 의견 (opposing opinion).

그 정책은 시민들의 반대에 직면했다.

The policy faced opposition from citizens.

직면하다 (to face/confront).

어제와는 반대로 오늘은 날씨가 아주 맑다.

Opposite to yesterday, the weather is very clear today.

-와는 반대로 (contrary to...).

그 제안은 취지와는 반대되는 결과를 초래했다.

The proposal brought about results opposite to its intent.

반대되다 (to be opposed/contrary).

야당은 정부의 예산안에 전면 반대하고 나섰다.

The opposition party came out in total opposition to the government's budget bill.

전면 반대 (total/full-scale opposition).

그는 자신의 이익과 반대되는 결정을 내렸다.

He made a decision that was contrary to his own interests.

이익과 반대되다 (to be contrary to interests).

반대 급부 없이 도움을 주는 것은 어렵다.

It is difficult to give help without something in return.

반대 급부 (quid pro quo / reciprocal benefit).

그 이론은 기존의 학설과 정반대 입장에 서 있다.

That theory stands in exact opposition to existing academic views.

입장에 서 있다 (to stand in a position).

반대 세력의 저항이 만만치 않습니다.

The resistance from the opposing forces is not to be underestimated.

반대 세력 (opposing forces/faction).

그는 반대론자들의 비판을 겸허히 수용했다.

He humbly accepted the criticism of the opponents.

반대론자 (opponent/dissenter).

예상과는 반대로 주가가 급등했다.

Contrary to expectations, stock prices soared.

예상과는 반대로 (contrary to expectations).

이러한 현상은 시대적 흐름에 반대되는 것이다.

This phenomenon is something that goes against the flow of the times.

시대적 흐름 (flow of the times).

그의 철학은 근대 합리주의의 반대 지점에 위치한다.

His philosophy is located at the opposite point of modern rationalism.

반대 지점 (opposite point/antithesis).

법안 통과를 위해 반대파 의원들을 설득해야 한다.

In order to pass the bill, we must persuade the opposing lawmakers.

반대파 (opposing faction).

그의 주장은 논리적으로 반대 증거가 너무 많다.

His claim has too much opposing evidence logically.

반대 증거 (counter-evidence).

민주주의 사회에서 반대 목소리는 필수적이다.

In a democratic society, opposing voices are essential.

반대 목소리 (opposing voices/dissent).

그는 조직 내에서 반대 기류를 감지했다.

He sensed a current of opposition within the organization.

반대 기류 (current/atmosphere of opposition).

반대 신문 과정에서 증인의 거짓말이 드러났다.

The witness's lies were revealed during the cross-examination process.

반대 신문 (cross-examination).

그 두 개념은 서로 반대되는 속성을 지니고 있다.

The two concepts possess attributes that are opposite to each other.

속성을 지니다 (to possess attributes).

헤겔의 변증법에서 정(正)과 반(反)의 대립은 합(合)으로 나아간다.

In Hegel's dialectics, the opposition of thesis and antithesis leads to synthesis.

Hanja '반(反)' used as 'antithesis'.

그 정책의 시행은 헌법 정신에 정면으로 반대된다.

The implementation of that policy directly opposes the spirit of the constitution.

정면으로 반대되다 (to directly/diametrically oppose).

권력에 대한 맹목적인 반대는 오히려 독이 될 수 있다.

Blind opposition to power can actually become poisonous.

맹목적인 반대 (blind opposition).

그 작가는 사회적 통념에 반대하는 서사를 구축했다.

The author constructed a narrative that opposes social conventions.

사회적 통념 (social convention/common sense).

반대 해석을 통해 법문의 숨겨진 의미를 파악했다.

Through 'argumentum a contrario' (opposite interpretation), the hidden meaning of the legal text was grasped.

반대 해석 (legal term for 'argumentum a contrario').

그의 행보는 당의 공식 입장과 배치(背馳)되는 반대 행위였다.

His actions were an act of opposition that ran counter to the party's official stance.

배치되다 (to be in conflict/contrary).

구조주의 비평에서 반대 쌍(binary opposition)은 의미 생성의 기초다.

In structuralist criticism, binary opposition is the basis of meaning generation.

반대 쌍 (binary opposition).

그는 반대 급부의 원칙에 따라 보상을 요구했다.

He demanded compensation according to the principle of reciprocal benefits.

반대 급부의 원칙 (principle of reciprocal performance).

Colocaciones comunes

반대 방향 (opposite direction)

반대 의견 (opposing opinion)

반대 세력 (opposing forces)

반대 입장 (opposing stance)

반대 급부 (reciprocal benefit)

강력히 반대하다 (to strongly oppose)

전면 반대 (total opposition)

반대편에 서다 (to stand on the opposite side)

반대에 부딪히다 (to run into opposition)

반대말을 찾다 (to find an antonym)

Frases Comunes

반대예요 (It's the opposite / I disagree)

반대로 하세요 (Do it the other way)

반대 방향으로 탔어요 (I took the wrong direction)

결사 반대 (Desperate/absolute opposition)

반대 의사를 밝히다 (To express opposition)

그와는 반대로 (Contrary to that)

반대쪽에 있어요 (It's on the other side)

반대말이 뭐예요? (What's the opposite word?)

찬반 토론 (Pro-con debate)

반대할 이유가 없다 (There's no reason to oppose)

Se confunde a menudo con

반대 vs 다르다

Means 'different' in any way, whereas '반대' means 'opposite'.

반대 vs 거절

Means 'refusal' of an offer, whereas '반대' is 'opposition' to an idea.

반대 vs 방해

Means 'interference' or 'disturbing', while '반대' is a stance or direction.

Modismos y expresiones

"정반대 (The exact opposite)"

"반대에 반대를 거듭하다 (To oppose repeatedly)"

"반대 급부 (Something given in return - often used legally)"

"거꾸로 해도 반대 (No matter how you look at it, it's the same/opposite - wordplay)"

"반대 차선 (The opposite lane)"

"반대 심리 (Reverse psychology - often '청개구리 심리')"

"반대 급부적 (Reciprocal)"

"반대파의 수장 (Leader of the opposition)"

"반대 신문 (Cross-examination)"

"반대 방향의 기차 (Train in the opposite direction - metaphor for diverging paths)"

Fácil de confundir

반대 vs

Patrones de oraciones

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Cómo usarlo

nuance

'반대' is stronger than '다르다'. Use it for binary opposites.

colloquial

In slang, '반대' isn't used much; people just say '아니야' or '싫어'.

Errores comunes

Using '반대' when you just mean 'different' (use '다르다' instead).
Using the object particle '-를' instead of '-에' with '반대하다'.
Confusing '반대' (opposition) with '방해' (interference).
Using '반대' to refuse a physical object (use '거절' instead).
Forgetting that '반대' is a noun and needs '하다' to become a verb.

Consejos

Particle Choice

Always remember to use '-에' with '반대하다'. Saying '그 계획을 반대해요' is understandable but '-에 반대해요' is the standard form used in exams and formal writing.

Learn in Pairs

Always learn '반대' (oppose) alongside '찬성' (agree). These two are inseparable in Korean social and political life. If you know one, you should know the other.

Softening Opposition

In Korea, direct disagreement can be harsh. Use '반대' in formal settings, but in casual talk, try '제 생각은 좀 달라요' to keep the conversation friendly.

Subway Announcements

Listen for '반대' when you hear announcements about the 'opposite platform' (반대편 승강장). It's a great real-world way to practice the word.

Transitioning

Use '반대로' at the start of a sentence to show a contrast. It works just like 'On the other hand' or 'Conversely' in English essays.

The Green Frog

Read the story of the 'Cheonggaeguri'. It will help you remember '반대' because the frog always did the opposite of what he was told.

Physical vs. Mental

Don't forget that '반대' works for both physical directions and mental stances. This duality is what makes the word so common.

Hanja Power

Knowing that '반' (反) means 'reverse' will help you understand other words like '반사' (reflection) or '반응' (reaction).

TOPIK Tips

TOPIK often asks for '반대되는 것' (the thing that is opposite) in reading comprehension. Practice identifying antonyms to score high.

Inside Out

If you put your shirt on backwards, you can say '반대로 입었어'. It's a simple way to use the word at home.

Memorízalo

Origen de la palabra

Sino-Korean (Hanja)

Contexto cultural

News often uses '반대' to describe political friction.

Students learn '반대말' very early to build vocabulary.

Avoid direct '반대' in hierarchical settings.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Inicios de conversación

"이 계획에 대해 찬성하세요, 반대하세요? (Do you agree or oppose this plan?)"

"제 성격은 형과 정반대예요. 당신은요? (My personality is the exact opposite of my brother's. How about you?)"

"반대 방향으로 가는 버스를 타 본 적 있어요? (Have you ever taken a bus going the opposite direction?)"

"부모님이 반대하시는 일을 해 본 적 있나요? (Have you ever done something your parents opposed?)"

"이 단어의 반대말이 뭔지 아세요? (Do you know what the opposite of this word is?)"

Temas para diario

내가 가장 강력하게 반대하는 사회 문제는 무엇인가? (What social issue do I most strongly oppose?)

나와 정반대인 사람과 친구가 될 수 있을까? (Can I be friends with someone who is my exact opposite?)

부모님의 반대를 무릅쓰고 하고 싶은 일이 있다면? (If there is something I want to do despite my parents' opposition?)

오늘 내가 계획했던 것과 반대로 흘러간 일은? (What things today went opposite to what I planned?)

찬성과 반대, 어느 쪽이 더 설득하기 쉬운가? (Agreement or opposition, which is easier to persuade?)

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

Yes, you can say '그는 나와 반대다' to mean his personality or views are the opposite of yours. It is a common way to describe relationships. However, it usually refers to traits, not the person as a whole entity. You wouldn't say 'He is my opposition' unless in a formal context like '반대자'.

Not necessarily. Opposing a bad policy or a dangerous plan is seen as positive or necessary. It is a neutral word describing a stance. However, in social harmony-focused cultures, frequent opposition can be perceived as being difficult or uncooperative.

'반대' is the noun (opposition/opposite). '반대로' is the adverb (oppositely/on the contrary). Use '반대' as a subject or object, and '반대로' to describe how an action is performed or to transition between ideas.

You can say '저는 반대해요' or more formally '저는 반대합니다'. To be even more polite, you might say '제 생각은 조금 다른데요' (My thoughts are a bit different) to avoid the directness of the word '반대'.

It literally means 'opposite word'. It is the Korean term for 'antonym'. Students use this term constantly when learning new vocabulary pairs like 'hot/cold' or 'fast/slow'.

Yes, in contexts like '반대 방향' (reverse direction) or '반대로 입다' (to wear something inside out/backwards). It implies the 180-degree flip of the standard state.

This is a more advanced term often used in law or economics. It refers to something given in return for something else, like a reciprocal payment or benefit. It's the 'opposite' part of a transaction.

Yes, it is 反對. 反 (반) means to turn over or go against, and 對 (대) means to face or treat. Together they mean 'facing against'.

No, that would be '거절하다'. '반대하다' is for ideas, plans, or opinions. You don't 'oppose' a physical object being given to you; you 'refuse' it.

The prefix '정' (正) means 'exactly' or 'truly'. So '정반대' means the 'exact opposite' or 'diametrically opposed'. It's used for emphasis.

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