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B1 verb 10 min de lectura

kierować

Ejemplos kierować en 30 segundos
Explicación kierować in your Level:
At the A1 level, you primarily learn 'kierować' in the context of very basic physical movements and simple roles. You might see it in signs or hear it in simple instructions. For a beginner, the most important thing is to recognize that 'kierować' means 'to direct' or 'to steer'. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet, but you might learn that a 'kierowca' is a driver. You will encounter it in phrases like 'kieruj się na prawo' (head right) in a navigation app. At this stage, just focus on the idea of 'direction'. You might also learn that a 'kierownik' is a boss or manager in a shop. It's a foundational word that helps you understand who is in charge and where things are going. Even at A1, knowing that 'kierować' involves some kind of control is helpful. You might use it in a very simple sentence like 'On kieruje autem' (He drives a car), though 'On prowadzi auto' is more common. The goal at A1 is recognition and understanding the basic concept of leadership and direction. You will see it on doors in offices ('Kierownik') and on street signs. It's a building block for more complex verbs you will learn later. Don't be afraid if you mix up the endings; native speakers will still understand the 'direction' part of your message.
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'kierować' in more structured sentences. You begin to understand that it requires the Instrumental case (Narzędnik) when you are managing something. You might practice sentences like 'Mój tata kieruje małą firmą' (My dad manages a small company). You also learn the reflexive form 'kierować się' in the context of following simple directions: 'Kieruj się do wyjścia' (Head towards the exit). At this level, you are expected to distinguish between 'kierowca' (driver) and 'kierownik' (manager). You might use 'kierować' when talking about your job or your daily commute. You also start to see it in medical contexts, like 'Lekarz kieruje mnie na badania' (The doctor is sending me for tests). This is a very common scenario for people living in Poland. You should be able to ask 'Kto tu kieruje?' (Who is in charge here?) in a store or restaurant. The A2 learner understands that 'kierować' is more formal than 'szefować' and is used in professional environments. You are becoming more aware of the 'do' + Genitive structure for destinations: 'kierować kogoś do biura'. Your vocabulary is expanding to include related words like 'kierunek' (direction). You can now describe who manages what in your family or workplace using basic Instrumental endings like -em and -ą.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'kierować' fluently in both professional and personal contexts. You understand the nuance between 'kierować' (steering/managing) and 'prowadzić' (driving/leading). You can comfortably use the Instrumental case: 'Kieruję projektem od dwóch miesięcy'. You also start using 'kierować się' for abstract concepts like 'kierować się sercem' (to follow one's heart) or 'kierować się logiką' (to be guided by logic). This is the level where you use the word to explain your reasoning and decision-making processes. In professional settings, you can describe your responsibilities: 'Kieruję pracą zespołu deweloperów'. You are also familiar with the perfective form 'skierować', using it for specific actions: 'Skierowałem zapytanie do działu obsługi klienta' (I directed an inquiry to the customer service department). You understand that 'kierować' can also mean directing someone's attention: 'Chciałbym skierować uwagę na ten problem'. At B1, you are no longer just recognizing the word; you are using it as a tool to organize information and describe hierarchy. You can participate in meetings where 'kierowanie' is discussed and understand the implications of different leadership styles. You also know common collocations like 'kierować ruchem' or 'kierować prośbę'.
At the B2 level, your use of 'kierować' becomes more sophisticated. You can use it in passive constructions and as a participle: 'Działania kierowane przez rząd spotkały się z krytyką' (Actions directed by the government met with criticism). You understand the subtle differences between 'kierować' and synonyms like 'zarządzać' or 'sterować'. You can discuss complex management theories or political leadership using this verb. For example, you might analyze how a leader 'kieruje opinią publiczną' (manages public opinion). You are also proficient in using 'kierować się' in academic or formal writing: 'W badaniach kierowano się metodologią jakościową' (The research was guided by qualitative methodology). At this level, you can handle the various meanings of the word without hesitation, switching from physical steering to abstract management seamlessly. You are aware of the stylistic weight of the word; you know that using 'kierować' in a report sounds more professional than more common verbs. You also understand the use of the word in idiomatic expressions and can interpret its meaning in literature or high-level journalism. Your grammar is precise, and you never miss the Instrumental case requirement. You can also form complex sentences with multiple clauses involving 'kierować', such as 'Mimo że kierował się dobrymi chęciami, jego decyzja okazała się błędna'.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep, nuanced understanding of 'kierować'. You can use it to describe subtle psychological states or complex organizational dynamics. You might use it in phrases like 'kierować swoim losem' (to be the master of one's fate) or 'kierować instynktem' (to be driven by instinct). You are comfortable with the word's role in formal rhetoric and can use it to persuade or direct an audience's perspective. You understand historical or literary uses of the word, where it might imply a sense of destiny or divine guidance. Your vocabulary includes rare derivatives and technical terms related to 'kierowanie'. You can discuss the 'kierowalność' (controllability) of a system or the 'ukierunkowanie' (orientation/direction) of a policy. In a professional environment, you can lead high-level negotiations and describe the strategic 'kierowanie' of a corporation. You are sensitive to the connotations of the word in different registers—knowing when it sounds authoritative versus when it sounds merely administrative. You can also use 'kierować' in ironic or metaphorical ways, such as 'kierować się ku upadkowi' (to head towards a fall). Your mastery of the verb allows you to express complex ideas about agency, responsibility, and the flow of events with precision and elegance.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'kierować' and its entire semantic field. You can appreciate and use the word in its most abstract and philosophical forms. You might discuss how 'podświadomość kieruje naszymi czynami' (the subconscious directs our actions) or analyze the 'kierunki' of modern art with academic rigor. You are fully aware of the word's etymological roots and how they influence its current usage. You can use 'kierować' in highly formal legal, academic, or poetic contexts where the choice of verb is crucial for tone. For instance, in a legal brief, you might describe how 'pozwany kierował się chęcią zysku' (the defendant was guided by a desire for profit). You can also play with the word's meanings in creative writing, using it to create double meanings or metaphors about life and control. Your understanding extends to all possible collocations, including archaic or highly specialized ones. You can effortlessly switch between the literal, the organizational, the psychological, and the metaphorical aspects of the word. At this level, 'kierować' is not just a verb you know; it is a versatile instrument in your linguistic repertoire that you use with absolute precision and stylistic flair, reflecting a profound understanding of Polish culture and thought.
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Ejemplos

kierować en 30 segundos

  • Kierować means to manage, lead, steer, or direct, used widely in professional and driving contexts in Polish.
  • It requires the Instrumental case (Narzędnik) when you are managing an organization, a team, or steering a vehicle.
  • The reflexive form 'kierować się' means to be guided by something, such as rules, intuition, or logic.
  • It is also used to refer people to specialists or specific locations, using the Accusative case and 'do'.

The Polish verb kierować is a versatile and essential term that every intermediate learner must master. At its core, it signifies the act of providing direction, whether physical, organizational, or metaphorical. When you think of kierować, imagine a captain at the helm of a ship, a manager overseeing a department, or a driver steering a vehicle. It is a word that bridges the gap between manual labor and high-level leadership. In Polish society, being able to 'kierować' something implies a level of responsibility and authority. It is not just about moving an object; it is about deciding where that object goes and how it gets there. This verb is predominantly used in professional contexts, transportation, and when discussing moral or logical guidance.

Physical Direction
The most literal use involves steering or driving. While 'prowadzić' is often used for driving a car, 'kierować' focuses on the mechanical act of steering. For example, 'kierować rowerem' means to steer a bicycle.
Management and Leadership
In a business setting, this verb is the standard way to say someone is in charge of a team, project, or company. It requires the Instrumental case (Narzędnik) for the entity being managed.
Directing People
It is used when sending someone to a specific place or person for a purpose, such as a doctor referring a patient to a specialist ('kierować pacjenta do specjalisty').

Mój brat potrafi świetnie kierować dużymi zespołami ludzi w stresujących sytuacjach.

Understanding the nuances of kierować requires recognizing its relationship with the Instrumental case. Unlike many English verbs that take a direct object, when you manage a company in Polish, you manage 'with' the company (kierować firmą). This grammatical quirk is a common stumbling block for English speakers who are used to the direct 'manage a company' structure. Furthermore, the reflexive form, kierować się, adds another layer of meaning, signifying 'to be guided by' something, such as principles, logic, or intuition. This is vital for discussing decision-making processes.

Zawsze staram się kierować się zdrowym rozsądkiem przy podejmowaniu decyzji finansowych.

In formal documents and job titles, you will often see the noun form 'kierownik' (manager/director). This word is derived directly from the verb and emphasizes the person's role as the one who provides direction. Whether you are reading a job advertisement or navigating a bureaucratic process, you will encounter variations of kierować frequently. It is a high-frequency word that signifies agency and control.

Dyrektor musi kierować uwagę pracowników na najważniejsze cele firmy.

Using kierować correctly depends heavily on the grammatical context. There are three primary patterns you need to learn. First, when expressing 'to manage' or 'to lead' an organization or a vehicle, you use the Instrumental case. Second, when 'directing' or 'referring' someone to a destination, you use the Accusative case for the person and the preposition 'do' for the destination. Third, the reflexive 'kierować się' is used for internal guidance. Let's break these down with detailed examples.

Pattern 1: Kierować + Instrumental (Narzędnik)
This is used for managing entities. Sentence: 'Ona kieruje działem marketingu' (She manages the marketing department). Note the '-em' ending on 'dział'.

Trudno jest kierować tak dużym przedsiębiorstwem bez odpowiedniego doświadczenia.

Pattern 2: Kierować + Accusative (Biernik) + 'do'
This is used for directing people or sending objects. Sentence: 'Kieruję ten list do pana prezesa' (I am directing this letter to the CEO). Here, 'list' is in the Accusative.

Lekarz kieruje pacjenta na dodatkowe badania krwi do laboratorium.

Pattern 3: Kierować się + Instrumental
This means to be guided by something. Sentence: 'Kieruję się intuicją' (I am guided by intuition). 'Intuicją' is in the Instrumental case.

In addition to these patterns, kierować can be used in the passive voice or as a participle ('kierowany'). For instance, 'projekt kierowany przez eksperta' (a project managed by an expert). This is very common in academic and technical writing. It is also important to note the difference between 'kierować' (imperfective) and 'skierować' (perfective). 'Kierować' describes the ongoing process of managing or the general ability to steer, whereas 'skierować' describes a single act of directing something to a specific point.

Podczas egzaminu na prawo jazdy musisz pewnie kierować pojazdem w ruchu miejskim.

Finally, consider the abstract usage of directing attention. Phrases like 'kierować uwagę na...' (to direct attention to...) are indispensable for presentations and debates. It allows the speaker to control the flow of the conversation and highlight specific issues. For example, 'Chciałbym skierować państwa uwagę na poniższy wykres' (I would like to direct your attention to the following chart). This demonstrates how kierować functions as a tool for cognitive management as much as physical or organizational management.

In contemporary Poland, kierować is a staple of professional and public life. If you walk into a Polish office, you will hear it in discussions about project management, hierarchy, and delegation. It is the language of the 'biuro' (office) and the 'zarząd' (board of directors). Managers discuss how they 'kierują' their teams, and employees talk about who 'kieruje' specific initiatives. This word carries a weight of authority, so hearing it often signals that someone is talking about the structure of power or responsibility.

In the Workplace
You will see it in job descriptions: 'Osoba na tym stanowisku będzie kierować zespołem pięciu programistów'. It is the standard verb for leadership roles.

Kto obecnie kieruje tym projektem badawczym na uniwersytecie?

Another common place to hear kierować is in healthcare. Poland's medical system relies heavily on referrals. A primary care physician (lekarz pierwszego kontaktu) will 'kierować' you to a specialist (specjalista). You might hear a receptionist say, 'Lekarz skierował pana do kardiologa'. This specific usage is so common that it is almost synonymous with the Polish healthcare experience. Similarly, in legal or administrative contexts, cases are 'kierowane' to specific courts or departments.

Public Announcements and Media
On the news, journalists use it to describe government actions: 'Rząd kieruje dodatkowe środki na rozwój infrastruktury' (The government is directing additional funds to infrastructure development).

Policja kieruje ruchem na skrzyżowaniu, ponieważ światła nie działają.

In everyday street life, you might see a police officer 'kierujący ruchem' (directing traffic) during a power outage or an accident. In this context, the word is literal and physical. You also hear it in GPS navigation systems: 'Kieruj się na północ' (Head north). This reflexive use is ubiquitous for anyone driving in Poland. Whether it's a robotic voice or a friend giving directions, kierować się is the go-to phrase for following a path.

Nawigacja kazała mi kierować się prosto przez kolejne dwa kilometry.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make with kierować is using the wrong grammatical case. In English, we 'manage a company' (direct object). In Polish, you cannot say 'kierować firmę' (Accusative). You must say 'kierować firmą' (Instrumental). This is a fundamental rule that separates beginners from intermediate speakers. If you use the Accusative, it sounds like you are physically picking up the company and sending it to a destination, rather than managing its operations.

Mistake 1: The Case Error
Incorrect: 'On kieruje zespół' (Accusative). Correct: 'On kieruje zespołem' (Instrumental). Always check the noun ending!

Pamiętaj, że po czasowniku kierować zawsze używamy narzędnika, gdy mówimy o zarządzaniu.

Another common error is confusing kierować with prowadzić. While they overlap, they are not always interchangeable. 'Prowadzić' is the standard word for 'to drive' a car or 'to lead' a meeting. 'Kierować' is more about the authority or the technical steering. If you say 'Kieruję samochód', it sounds like you are steering it with your hands on the wheel. If you say 'Prowadzę samochód', it means you are the driver. In business, 'prowadzić firmę' means to run/own a business, while 'kierować firmą' means to manage its daily operations as a director.

Mistake 2: Confusing 'Kierować' and 'Prowadzić'
Don't use 'kierować' for leading a discussion or a lifestyle. Use 'prowadzić' for 'prowadzić dyskusję' or 'prowadzić zdrowy tryb życia'.

Nie mówimy kierować spotkanie, lecz prowadzić spotkanie.

Finally, learners often forget the reflexive 'się' when talking about personal guidance. If you say 'Kieruję logiką', it might imply you are managing logic itself. To say you are guided by logic, you must say 'Kieruję się logiką'. This small particle 'się' changes the direction of the action from external to internal. Neglecting it can lead to very strange-sounding sentences that confuse native speakers.

Błędem jest mówienie kierować się do lekarza; poprawnie to: lekarz kieruje mnie do specjalisty.

Polish offers several synonyms for kierować, each with its own specific register and nuance. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more natural and precise. The most common synonyms are zarządzać, prowadzić, dowodzić, and sterować. Let's compare them to see when to use which.

Zarządzać vs. Kierować
'Zarządzać' is more administrative and corporate. You 'zarządzasz' resources, time, or a large corporation. 'Kierować' is more about the active leadership of people or the steering of a process.

Menedżer musi umieć zarówno kierować ludźmi, jak i zarządzać budżetem.

Dowodzić vs. Kierować
'Dowodzić' is strictly military or hierarchical. A general 'dowodzi' an army. 'Kierować' is more general and can be used for a project leader or a department head.
Sterować vs. Kierować
'Sterować' refers to technical control, often remote or mechanical. You 'sterujesz' a drone or a machine. 'Kierować' is used for vehicles you are inside of, like a car or bike.

In more informal settings, people might use 'trzymać pieczę nad' (to keep watch over) or 'stać na czele' (to stand at the head of). These idiomatic expressions add color to your speech. For example, 'On stoi na czele tego komitetu' (He heads this committee). This is more prestigious than simply 'kierować'. On the other hand, 'szefować' is a very colloquial way to say 'to be the boss'. You might hear this among friends: 'On tam szefuje' (He's the boss there).

Zamiast tylko kierować pracownikami, dobry lider powinien ich inspirować.

When discussing personal motives, 'kierować się' can be replaced by 'motywować się' (to be motivated by) or 'polegać na' (to rely on). However, 'kierować się' remains the most common way to describe the underlying logic of an action. For instance, 'kierować się interesem publicznym' (to be guided by public interest) is a standard phrase in political discourse that sounds more sophisticated than simply 'thinking about the public'.

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Ejemplos por nivel

1

Kierowca kieruje autobusem.

The driver is steering the bus.

Instrumental case: autobusem.

2

Kieruj się na lewo.

Head to the left.

Reflexive imperative.

3

Kto kieruje tym sklepem?

Who is managing this shop?

Instrumental case: sklepem.

4

Kierownik jest w biurze.

The manager is in the office.

Noun derived from the verb.

5

Kieruj się prosto.

Go straight.

Reflexive imperative.

6

On kieruje rowerem.

He is steering the bike.

Instrumental case: rowerem.

7

Gdzie jest kierownik?

Where is the manager?

Noun usage.

8

Kieruję się do domu.

I am heading home.

Reflexive present tense.

1

Mój brat kieruje małym zespołem.

My brother manages a small team.

Instrumental case: zespołem.

2

Lekarz kieruje mnie do szpitala.

The doctor is referring me to the hospital.

Accusative + 'do' + Genitive.

3

Kieruj się znakami drogowymi.

Follow the road signs.

Instrumental case: znakami.

4

Ona świetnie kieruje samochodem.

She steers the car very well.

Instrumental case: samochodem.

5

Kierownik projektu jest bardzo miły.

The project manager is very nice.

Genitive of the project.

6

Kieruję list do moich rodziców.

I am directing the letter to my parents.

Accusative: list.

7

Proszę kierować się do bramki numer 5.

Please head to gate number 5.

Infinitive as a command.

8

Oni kierują się zasadami.

They are guided by rules.

Instrumental case: zasadami.

1

Kieruję tym działem od trzech lat.

I have been managing this department for three years.

Instrumental case: działem.

2

Zawsze kieruję się intuicją w pracy.

I always follow my intuition at work.

Reflexive with Instrumental.

3

Musimy skierować uwagę na koszty.

We must direct attention to the costs.

Perfective verb + Accusative.

4

Policjant kieruje ruchem na skrzyżowaniu.

The policeman is directing traffic at the intersection.

Instrumental case: ruchem.

5

Czym się kierowałeś, wybierając ten kierunek studiów?

What were you guided by when choosing this field of study?

Reflexive past tense.

6

Kieruję to pytanie do eksperta.

I am directing this question to the expert.

Accusative: pytanie.

7

On nie potrafi kierować swoimi emocjami.

He cannot manage his emotions.

Instrumental case: emocjami.

8

Firma kieruje swoją ofertę do młodych ludzi.

The company directs its offer to young people.

Accusative: ofertę.

1

Projekt jest kierowany przez doświadczonego inżyniera.

The project is managed by an experienced engineer.

Passive participle.

2

Rząd kieruje dodatkowe fundusze na naukę.

The government is directing additional funds to science.

Accusative: fundusze.

3

Kierując się dobrem pacjenta, lekarz podjął trudną decyzję.

Guided by the patient's well-being, the doctor made a difficult decision.

Present participle (adverbial).

4

Należy kierować prośby bezpośrednio do zarządu.

Requests should be directed directly to the board.

Accusative plural: prośby.

5

Oni kierują się wyłącznie chęcią zysku.

They are guided solely by the desire for profit.

Instrumental case: chęcią.

6

Kapitan musi pewnie kierować statkiem podczas burzy.

The captain must steer the ship confidently during a storm.

Instrumental case: statkiem.

7

Kieruję się zasadą ograniczonego zaufania na drodze.

I follow the principle of limited trust on the road.

Instrumental case: zasadą.

8

Jego kariera jest kierowana przez znanego agenta.

His career is managed by a famous agent.

Passive construction.

1

Autor kieruje słowa krytyki pod adresem współczesnego społeczeństwa.

The author directs words of criticism toward modern society.

Accusative plural: słowa.

2

W swoich działaniach kierował się imperatywem kategorycznym Kanta.

In his actions, he was guided by Kant's categorical imperative.

Instrumental case: imperatywem.

3

Trudno jest kierować procesami, które są z natury nieprzewidywalne.

It is difficult to manage processes that are inherently unpredictable.

Instrumental plural: procesami.

4

Kieruję apel do wszystkich ludzi dobrej woli.

I am directing an appeal to all people of good will.

Accusative: apel.

5

Media potrafią skutecznie kierować opinią publiczną.

The media can effectively manage public opinion.

Instrumental case: opinią.

6

Kierując się logiką wydarzeń, musimy przyjąć tę hipotezę.

Guided by the logic of events, we must accept this hypothesis.

Present participle.

7

Czy można kierować swoim przeznaczeniem?

Can one direct one's own destiny?

Instrumental case: przeznaczeniem.

8

Instytucja ta kieruje swoje zasoby na walkę z ubóstwem.

This institution directs its resources toward fighting poverty.

Accusative plural: zasoby.

1

W procesie twórczym kierował się wyłącznie wewnętrznym przymusem ekspresji.

In the creative process, he was guided solely by an internal compulsion for expression.

Instrumental case: przymusem.

2

Należy umiejętnie kierować dyskursem, aby uniknąć polaryzacji.

One must skillfully direct the discourse to avoid polarization.

Instrumental case: dyskursem.

3

Jego czynami kierował głęboko zakorzeniony instynkt przetrwania.

His actions were directed by a deeply rooted survival instinct.

Instrumental case: instynkt.

4

Kieruję swe kroki ku nieznanemu, ufając jedynie własnym zmysłom.

I direct my steps toward the unknown, trusting only my own senses.

Accusative plural: kroki.

5

Filozofia ta kieruje się ku ontologicznym podstawom bytu.

This philosophy heads toward the ontological foundations of being.

Reflexive + preposition 'ku'.

6

Władza, która nie potrafi kierować państwem, szybko ją traci.

Power that cannot manage the state quickly loses it.

Instrumental case: państwem.

7

Kierując strumień świadomości na konkretne wspomnienie, odnalazł spokój.

Directing the stream of consciousness to a specific memory, he found peace.

Accusative: strumień.

8

Czy nauka powinna kierować się etyką, czy tylko dążeniem do prawdy?

Should science be guided by ethics, or only by the pursuit of truth?

Instrumental case: etyką.

Sinónimos

zarządzać prowadzić dowodzić sterować szefować panować administrować władać

Antónimos

słuchać podlegać błądzić wykonywać

Colocaciones comunes

kierować firmą
kierować zespołem
kierować samochodem
kierować ruchem
kierować się intuicją
kierować uwagę na
kierować prośbę do
kierować się zasadami
kierować oskarżenie
kierować kroki

Frases Comunes

Kieruj się na...

— Head towards... (often used in GPS or directions).

Kieruj się na Warszawę.

Kto tym kieruje?

— Who is in charge of this? (asking about responsibility).

Nie wiem, kto tym projektem kieruje.

Kierować się rozumem

— To be guided by reason rather than emotion.

W biznesie trzeba kierować się rozumem.

Kierować kogoś na badania

— To refer someone for medical tests.

Lekarz kieruje mnie na badania krwi.

Kierować się ku lepszemu

— To head towards something better (improvement).

Sytuacja kieruje się ku lepszemu.

Kierować słowa do...

— To address words to someone.

Kieruję te słowa do młodzieży.

Kierować losem

— To control one's destiny.

Każdy chce kierować własnym losem.

Kierować się interesem

— To be motivated by interest (personal or public).

Polityk powinien kierować się interesem publicznym.

Kierować na właściwe tory

— To put something on the right track.

Musimy kierować tę rozmowę na właściwe tory.

Kierować się sumieniem

— To be guided by one's conscience.

Sędzia musi kierować się sumieniem.

Modismos y expresiones

"Kierować się na manowce"

— To go astray or be led into error.

Błędne założenia mogą kierować nas na manowce.

Neutral
"Kierować wiatrem w żagle"

— To use a favorable situation to one's advantage (metaphorical).

Nowy lider potrafi kierować wiatrem w żagle firmy.

Literary
"Kierować się instynktem stadnym"

— To follow th

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