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A2 noun 8 min de lectura

管道

guandao
Ejemplos Notas y consejos 管道 en 30 segundos
Explicación 管道 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know '管道' as a physical object. Think of it as a 'water pipe.' You might see it in a picture of a house or a bathroom. It is a noun. You can remember it as 'the thing water goes through.' At this level, don't worry about the abstract meanings like 'communication channels.' Just focus on the fact that '管' (guǎn) looks like a tube and '道' (dào) is a path. So, a 'tube-path' is a pipe. You might hear it if you are learning about parts of a house or basic city infrastructure. For example, 'Water comes from the pipe' (水从管道里来). It is a useful word if you have a problem with your sink in China and need to point at something for the landlord. Even though it's technically an A2 word, knowing the physical meaning early is very helpful for daily survival.
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At the A2 level, you should be able to use '管道' in simple sentences about the home or the environment. You should know that it refers to pipes for water, gas, and waste. You can start to use the measure word '条' (tiáo) with it, as in '一条管道.' You should also recognize the word '管道工' (guǎndàogōng), which means 'plumber.' At this stage, you might encounter it in reading passages about city life or environmental protection (like preventing pollution in pipes). You should be able to say things like 'The pipe is broken' (管道坏了) or 'They are laying pipes' (他们在铺设管道). This level is about concrete, physical objects that you can see and touch. You are building the foundation to later understand how this word becomes a metaphor for 'channels' of information.
At the B1 level, you move beyond the bathroom sink. You start to see '管道' used in news reports about energy, such as 'natural gas pipelines' (天然气管道). You should also begin to understand its first abstract meanings. For example, 'communication channels' (沟通管道). You will hear it in workplace contexts. If a manager says 'We need a better 管道 for feedback,' they aren't talking about physical tubes; they are talking about a system. You should be able to distinguish between '管道' (a pipe/system) and '管子' (a simple tube). You will also learn more complex verbs that go with it, like '疏通' (shūtōng - to unclog/clear) and '维护' (wéihù - to maintain). Your ability to use the word in both a physical and a basic metaphorical sense marks your progress to intermediate Chinese.
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At the B2 level, '管道' becomes a tool for discussing systems and logic. You will use it in business contexts to talk about 'sales pipelines' (销售管道) or 'financing channels' (融资管道). You should be comfortable using it in formal writing to describe how policies are implemented through 'administrative channels' (行政管道). At this level, you understand the nuance between '管道' and '渠道' (qúdào). You know that '管道' implies a more rigid, established, and often technical system, while '渠道' is broader and more common for media or general 'ways' of doing things. You can use the word to discuss complex topics like urban planning, international energy politics, or corporate structure. You will also recognize it in more advanced idioms or formal four-character phrases related to flow and blockage.
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At the C1 level, your use of '管道' should be sophisticated and precise. You use it to describe the 'mechanisms' of society. For instance, you might analyze the 'channels for social mobility' (社会流动管道). You understand how the word functions in legal and political discourse, such as 'diplomatic channels' (外交管道) or 'legal redress channels' (法律救济管道). You can participate in high-level discussions about infrastructure projects, using technical vocabulary related to '管道运输' (pipeline transport). You also recognize the word's role in literature or high-end journalism where it might be used metaphorically to describe the 'arteries' of a civilization. Your grasp of the word includes its collocations with formal verbs like '拓宽' (broaden), '垄断' (monopolize), or '优化' (optimize).
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At the C2 level, you master the subtle philosophical and systemic implications of '管道.' You can discuss the 'architecture of information' using the word, or use it in a critique of bureaucratic systems where '管道' might be described as 'clogged' by red tape. You are aware of the historical development of the term and can appreciate its use in specialized fields like fluid dynamics, macroeconomics, or political science. You can use '管道' in creative writing to evoke imagery of hidden connections or systemic flow. At this level, the distinction between '管道' and its synonyms is second nature; you choose the word perfectly based on the 'texture' of the system you are describing—whether it is the cold, hard efficiency of a '管道' or the more organic flow of a '渠道.' You can effortlessly switch between discussing a transcontinental oil pipeline and the abstract channels of human thought.
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Ejemplos Notas y consejos

管道 en 30 segundos

  • A noun meaning pipe or pipeline, used for water, gas, or oil.
  • Metaphorically refers to channels for communication, sales, or recruitment.
  • Commonly used with measure word '条' (tiáo) and verbs like '铺设' (lay) or '疏通' (unclog).
  • Essential for discussing infrastructure, business systems, and formal procedures.

The term 管道 (guǎndào) is a foundational noun in the Chinese language that serves a dual purpose: it describes physical infrastructure and abstract systems of flow. At its most basic level, it refers to a pipe, tube, or pipeline used to transport liquids, gases, or even solid materials like grain or waste. However, as your proficiency grows, you will find that 管道 is frequently used in business, politics, and social sciences to describe 'channels' or 'pathways' for information, money, and influence. Understanding this word requires grasping both the tangible metal pipes under a city and the intangible networks that connect people and ideas.

Literal Infrastructure
In everyday life, this refers to plumbing (水管), gas lines (煤气管道), and oil pipelines (输油管道). If a sink is leaking, a plumber (管道工) might be called to inspect the 管道. In the context of urban planning, it represents the vital 'veins' of a city that keep resources moving.
Abstract Channels
In a professional setting, 管道 describes the means through which something is achieved. For example, 'communication channels' are 沟通管道. If a company is looking for new talent, they might expand their 'recruitment channels' (招聘管道). It implies a structured, formal, or established route rather than a random occurrence.

城市的地下布满了错综复杂的排水管道。(The underground of the city is filled with intricate drainage pipes.)

Example of physical usage in urban description.

When do people use it? In a household context, you use it when talking about repairs or construction. In a news context, it appears when discussing international energy deals (like gas pipelines between countries). In a corporate context, it’s used during strategy meetings to discuss how to reach customers or how to ensure information flows from management to employees without being 'clogged' (堵塞).

我们需要建立一个有效的投诉管道。(We need to establish an effective complaint channel.)

Example of abstract usage in a professional environment.

The evolution of the word is also interesting. '管' originally referred to bamboo tubes used for music, while '道' refers to a path. Combined, they create the image of a 'tube-path.' This imagery helps visualize why it applies so well to both water and data; both require a dedicated, protected path to reach their destination efficiently. Without a 管道, the flow is chaotic and wasteful.

Using 管道 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and the specific verbs that commonly pair with it. Because it describes a path or a system, it often acts as the object of verbs related to construction, maintenance, or creation.

Physical Verbs (Tangible)
  • 铺设 (pūshè) - To lay/install: 铺设天然气管道 (Laying natural gas pipelines).
  • 维修 (wéixiū) - To repair: 维修漏水的管道 (Repairing leaking pipes).
  • 疏通 (shūtōng) - To unclog: 疏通下水道管道 (Unclogging sewage pipes).
Abstract Verbs (Intangible)
  • 建立 (jiànlì) - To establish: 建立外交管道 (Establishing diplomatic channels).
  • 拓宽 (tuòkuān) - To broaden: 拓宽就业管道 (Broadening employment channels).
  • 通过 (tōngguò) - Through: 通过正式管道申请 (Applying through formal channels).

这条管道连接了两个城市。(This pipeline connects two cities.)

One important grammatical feature is the measure word. For a single physical pipe or a long pipeline, we use 条 (tiáo). For a system or a set of pipes, we might use 套 (tào) or 系列 (xìliè). In abstract contexts, 个 (gè) is frequently used, though 条 can still be used to emphasize the 'pathway' aspect.

由于管道老化，这里经常停水。(Due to aging pipes, water is often cut off here.)

In complex sentences, 管道 often appears in the structure '通过...管道' (Through the channel of...). This is a high-level way to express 'by means of.' For example, '通过法律管道解决争端' means 'Resolving disputes through legal channels.' This structure is essential for formal writing and professional communication in Chinese.

The word 管道 is ubiquitous in Chinese society, but the context in which you hear it changes its flavor significantly. From the blue-collar world of maintenance to the white-collar world of high finance, it is a versatile term.

In the Community
You will see signs in apartment complexes saying '管道维修' (Pipe Maintenance). If there is a gas leak, the emergency broadcast will mention '燃气管道安全' (Gas pipeline safety). Neighbors might complain that the '下水管道' (sewage pipe) is blocked, leading to a bad smell in the building.
In the News
International news often features 管道 when discussing the '中俄天然气管道' (China-Russia gas pipeline). Here, it is a symbol of geopolitical cooperation and energy security. Economic news uses it to talk about '融资管道' (financing channels) for small businesses, discussing whether the flow of money is sufficient to stimulate growth.

政府正在努力拓宽民意表达的管道。(The government is working hard to broaden the channels for expressing public opinion.)

A common phrase in political discourse.

In a professional office, your manager might ask, '我们有没有正式的反馈管道？' (Do we have a formal feedback channel?). This refers to a structured way for employees to share their thoughts. If you are in sales, you might hear about the '销售管道' (sales pipeline), which is a direct loanword concept from Western business practices, tracking potential customers from initial contact to final sale.

这个项目的资金管道已经断了。(The funding channel for this project has been cut off.)

Finally, in academic or legal settings, 管道 is used to discuss the 'channels' of law or education. For instance, '升学管道' refers to the various pathways a student can take to reach higher education. In summary, wherever there is a need to describe how something moves from point A to point B through a system, you will hear the word 管道.

While 管道 is a common word, learners often trip up on its register and its synonym, 渠道 (qúdào). Understanding these distinctions is key to sounding like a native speaker.

管道 vs. 渠道
This is the most frequent confusion. 管道 is primarily physical (pipes) but can be abstract. 渠道 (qúdào) is primarily abstract (channels/means) and physical only in the sense of irrigation ditches or canals. Mistake: Using 管道 for an irrigation ditch. Correction: Use 渠道 for water in an open canal, and 管道 for water in a closed pipe.
管道 vs. 管子
管子 (guǎnzi) is informal and usually refers to a single, small tube (like a drinking straw or a garden hose). 管道 is professional and systemic. Mistake: Telling a civil engineer that the city's '管子' are broken. Correction: Use 管道 for large-scale infrastructure.

错误：他通过外交管子解决了问题。
正确：他通过外交管道解决了问题。

Using the informal '管子' in a formal abstract context sounds very unnatural.

Another mistake involves the verb '疏通' (shūtōng - to unclog). Some learners use '开' (kāi - to open) or '修理' (xiūlǐ - to fix) exclusively. While '修理' is okay, '疏通' is the specific term for clearing a blockage. Using the specific verb shows a higher level of Chinese proficiency.

Lastly, be careful with the word 'Pipeline' in a business sense. In English, we often say 'in the pipeline' to mean something is coming soon. In Chinese, you cannot simply say '在管道里' to mean 'coming soon.' You must specify: '在筹备中' (in preparation) or '在计划中' (in the plan). 管道 in Chinese refers to the delivery system, not necessarily the status of a project unless specifically referring to a sales pipeline.

To truly master 管道, you must know its neighbors. Chinese has several words for 'path' or 'channel,' each with a specific nuance.

渠道 (qúdào)
Best for: Abstract means, media, or irrigation. If you are talking about 'official channels' (官方渠道) or 'distribution channels' (分销渠道), this is often preferred over 管道. It feels more like a stream or a flow than a hard pipe.
通路 (tōnglù)
Best for: Physical passage or electrical circuits. It emphasizes the fact that the way is 'open' or 'connected.' In biological contexts, a 'metabolic pathway' is a 代谢通路.
媒介 (méijiè)
Best for: Medium or intermediary. While a 管道 is the path, a 媒介 is the 'thing' that carries the message or the disease (e.g., mosquito as a medium for malaria).

比较：
1. 疏通管道 (Unclog a pipe - physical)
2. 拓宽渠道 (Broaden channels - abstract)
3. 打通通路 (Clear a passage - movement)

In some technical fields, you might encounter 管路 (guǎnlù). This is almost identical to 管道 but is used specifically in engineering to describe the layout or the 'circuit' of pipes in a machine or a ship. For a learner at A2-B1 level, 管道 is the most useful and versatile term to memorize.

Lastly, for 'way' or 'method,' words like 方法 (fāngfǎ) or 途径 (tújìng) are common. 途径 is a close synonym for the abstract use of 管道, but it sounds more like 'a route to a goal' rather than a 'system for flow.' Choosing between them depends on whether you view the process as a journey (途径) or a transport system (管道).

Dato curioso

Ancient Chinese 'pipes' were actually made of bamboo or clay. The '管' character still carries the bamboo radical (⺮) today, reminding us of these ancient materials even when talking about modern steel pipelines.

Guía de pronunciación

UK /ɡwǎn dâʊ/
US /ɡwǎn dâʊ/
In Chinese, both syllables are typically given equal weight, but the fourth tone on 'dào' may sound more emphatic.
Rima con
碗 (wǎn) 管 (guǎn) 满 (mǎn) 到 (dào) 笑 (xiào) 道 (dào) 报 (bào) 草 (cǎo)
Errores comunes
  • Pronouncing 'guǎn' as second tone (guán).
  • Pronouncing 'dào' as first tone (dāo).
  • Confusing 'guǎn' with 'guān' (to close).
  • Mumbling the 'n' in 'guan'.
  • Forgetting the downward 'kick' of the fourth tone on 'dào'.
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Ejemplos por nivel

1

水从管道里流出来。

Water flows out from the pipe.

Simple Subject + Prepositional Phrase + Verb + Complement.

2

这是一个水管道。

This is a water pipe.

Using '是' to define an object.

3

管道是红色的。

The pipe is red.

Adjective predicate describing the noun.

4

我看管道。

I look at the pipe.

Basic SVO structure.

5

管道在这里。

The pipe is here.

Indicating location.

6

管道在大房子里。

The pipe is in the big house.

Prepositional phrase '在...里'.

7

这有一条管道。

There is a pipe here.

Using the measure word '条' (tiáo).

8

我不喜欢这个管道。

I don't like this pipe.

Negative sentence with '不'.

1

厨房的管道坏了。

The kitchen pipe is broken.

Possessive '的' connecting kitchen and pipe.

2

我们需要请管道工。

We need to hire a plumber.

管道工 means 'pipe worker' (plumber).

3

工人们在铺设管道。

Workers are laying pipes.

'在' indicates an ongoing action.

4

这条管道很长。

This pipeline is very long.

Using '很' as a linker for adjectives.

5

煤气管道要注意安全。

Pay attention to the safety of gas pipes.

Topic-comment structure.

6

他在清理地下的管道。

He is cleaning the underground pipes.

Direct object '管道' after the verb '清理'.

7

这里有很多新管道。

There are many new pipes here.

Existential '有' sentence.

8

请不要堵塞管道。

Please do not clog the pipes.

Imperative sentence with '不要'.

1

这种材料常用于制造工业管道。

This material is often used to manufacture industrial pipes.

Passive-like structure '用于' (used for).

2

我们需要建立更直接的沟通管道。

We need to establish more direct communication channels.

Abstract usage of '管道'.

3

天然气通过管道输送到各家各户。

Natural gas is transported to every household through pipelines.

Using '通过' (through) as a preposition.

4

由于管道漏水，地毯都湿了。

Because the pipe leaked, the carpet is all wet.

Cause and effect with '由于'.

5

政府正在维护城市的排水管道。

The government is maintaining the city's drainage pipes.

Formal verb '维护' (maintain).

6

公司拓宽了产品的销售管道。

The company broadened the sales channels for its products.

Metaphorical verb '拓宽' (broaden).

7

这个旧管道已经不再使用了。

This old pipe is no longer in use.

'不再' indicates a change in state.

8

所有的管道都必须定期检查。

All pipes must be inspected regularly.

Modal verb '必须' (must).

1

跨国石油管道的建设面临许多政治挑战。

The construction of transnational oil pipelines faces many political challenges.

Complex subject with '的' modifiers.

2

我们应该通过法律管道来解决这个经济纠纷。

We should resolve this economic dispute through legal channels.

Using '管道' to mean a formal procedure.

3

这些信息是通过非正式管道传出来的。

This information was leaked through informal channels.

'是...的' structure for emphasis.

4

建立有效的融资管道对小企业至关重要。

Establishing effective financing channels is crucial for small businesses.

Adjective phrase '至关重要' (crucial).

5

工程师正在优化工厂的输送管道系统。

Engineers are optimizing the factory's delivery pipe system.

Formal verb '优化' (optimize).

6

该地区的供水管道因地震而受损。

The water supply pipes in the area were damaged by the earthquake.

Using '因...而' to show cause.

7

我们需要确保信息管道的畅通。

We need to ensure that the information channels are clear.

Noun '畅通' (unblocked/smooth) as a complement.

8

这个项目在销售管道中处于最后阶段。

This project is in the final stage of the sales pipeline.

Business terminology '销售管道'.

1

外交管道的阻塞可能导致两国关系的进一步恶化。

The blockage of diplomatic channels could lead to further deterioration of relations between the two countries.

Abstract noun '阻塞' (blockage) used metaphorically.

2

政府致力于拓宽公民参与政治决策的管道。

The government is committed to broadening the channels for citizens to participate in political decision-making.

Formal verb '致力于' (be committed to).

3

这种新型复合材料能显著提高管道的耐腐蚀性。

This new composite material can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of pipes.

Technical term '耐腐蚀性' (corrosion resistance).

4

通过多元化的招聘管道，公司成功吸引了各种背景的人才。

Through diversified recruitment channels, the company successfully attracted talent from various backgrounds.

Adjective '多元化' (diversified).

5

该政策旨在疏通城乡之间的要素流动管道。

The policy aims to clear the channels for the flow of factors between urban and rural areas.

Abstract use of '疏通' (clear/unclog).

6

这些地下管道构成了城市运行的生命线。

These underground pipes constitute the lifeline of the city's operation.

Metaphorical use of '生命线' (lifeline).

7

我们需要审查现有的投诉处理管道是否透明。

We need to review whether the existing complaint handling channels are transparent.

Embedded question with '是否'.

8

能源安全在很大程度上取决于跨国管道的稳定性。

Energy security depends to a large extent on the stability of transnational pipelines.

Phrase '在很大程度上' (to a large extent).

1

在权力运作的过程中，非正式的权力管道往往比正式机构更具影响力。

In the process of power operation, informal power channels are often more influential than formal institutions.

Comparison structure '比...更'.

2

该论文深入分析了资本在全球流动中的管道化趋势。

The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the 'pipelinization' trend of capital in global flows.

Suffix '-化' (equivalent to -ization).

3

管道运输的规模效应使其在长途大宗货物运输中占据优势。

The economies of scale in pipeline transport give it an advantage in long-distance bulk cargo transportation.

Economic term '规模效应' (economies of scale).

4

这种官僚主义体制严重淤塞了上下级之间的信息反馈管道。

This bureaucratic system has severely clogged the information feedback channels between superiors and subordinates.

Strong verb '淤塞' (clog/silt up).

5

我们需要重新审视知识生产与社会需求之间的对接管道。

We need to re-examine the connecting channels between knowledge production and social needs.

Abstract noun '对接' (docking/connecting).

6

诗人将城市比作一个巨大的生物，而管道则是其血管。

The poet likened the city to a giant organism, with pipes as its blood vessels.

Literary simile using '比作'.

7

法律的生命力在于其执行管道的通畅与公正。

The vitality of the law lies in the smoothness and justice of its enforcement channels.

Philosophical '在于' (lies in).

8

在数字化时代，数据管道的安全性已上升到国家战略层面。

In the digital age, the security of data pipelines has risen to the level of national strategy.

Time phrase '在...时代' (in the age of...).

Sinónimos

渠道 管子 通路 途径 路径 媒介 手段 门径

Antónimos

堵塞 障碍 断裂 封闭

Colocaciones comunes

铺设管道
疏通管道
沟通管道
融资管道
外交管道
天然气管道
排水管道
销售管道
管道老化
反馈管道

Frases Comunes

地下管道

— Underground pipes. Refers to city infrastructure.

地下管道漏水很难修理。

输油管道

— Oil pipeline. Used in energy industry.

输油管道的安全非常重要。

正式管道

— Formal channels. Official ways of doing things.

请通过正式管道提交申请。

非正式管道

— Informal channels. Backdoor or casual ways.

消息是通过非正式管道传开的。

管道运输

— Pipeline transport. A mode of logistics.

管道运输比汽车运输更便宜。

招聘管道

— Recruitment channels. How a company finds staff.

网络招聘是目前主要的招聘管道。

投诉管道

— Complaint channels. How customers give feedback.

这家酒店的投诉管道很完善。

信息管道

— Information channels. How news spreads.

在战时，信息管道被切断了。

供水管道

— Water supply pipes. Essential utility.

供水管道需要定期清洗。

法律管道

— Legal channels. Using the law to solve issues.

他决定通过法律管道维护权益。

Modismos y expresiones

"管道畅通"

— The pipes are clear; metaphorically, communication is smooth.

只有管道畅通，政令才能下达。

Formal
"另辟管道"

— To find another way or channel.

如果这条路走不通，我们可以另辟管道。

Neutral
"阻塞管道"

— To block the channel; often used for bureaucracy.

官僚主义会阻塞信息的上传下达管道。

Formal
"打通管道"

— To clear the path or establish a connection.

我们需要打通与外部市场的联系管道。

Neutral
"拓宽管道"

— To broaden the channels (usually abstract).

政府在不断拓宽就业管道。

Formal
"单一管道"

— A single channel; often implies a lack of options.

我们不能依赖单一的融资管道。

Formal
"多元管道"

— Multiple/diverse channels.

多元管道可以降低企业的经营风险。

Formal
"地下管道"

— Literally underground pipes; metaphorically, secret channels.

有些非法交易是通过地下管道进行的。

Informal/Metaphorical
"官方管道"

— Official channels.

请关注官方管道发布的消息。

Formal
"闭塞管道"

— Clogged or narrow channels.

信息闭塞管道会导致决策失误。

Formal

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

管道工 (plumber)
管子 (tube/pipe)
管线 (pipeline/wiring)
管路 (piping system)

Verbos

管理 (to manage - shared 'guǎn' root)
管辖 (to have jurisdiction over)
疏通 (to unclog)
铺设 (to lay/install)

Adjetivos

管道化的 (pipelined/channelized)
管状的 (tubular)

Relacionado

下水道 (sewer)
输油管 (oil pipe)
天然气 (natural gas)
维修 (repair)
畅通 (unblocked)
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Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Imagine a BAMBOO (⺮) tube used as a path (道) for water. The top of 管 is bamboo, and the bottom looks like a container. 道 is the path you walk on.

Asociación visual

Visualize a giant green bamboo pipe connecting two cities. Inside the pipe, water and 'information' (envelopes) are flowing together.

Word Web

Water (水) Gas (煤气) Oil (石油) Communication (沟通) Channel (渠道) Plumber (管道工) Underground (地下) Flow (流动)

Desafío

Try to find three different '管道' in your house today. One for water, one for air (if you have AC), and one abstract one (how do you get your news?).

Origen de la palabra

The word is a compound of '管' (guǎn) and '道' (dào). '管' originally referred to a musical instrument made of bamboo (the top radical '竹' means bamboo). Because these instruments were hollow tubes, the meaning expanded to 'tube' or 'pipe.' '道' originally meant a road or path. Together, they describe a 'pathway in the shape of a tube.'

Significado original: A bamboo tube path.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

Contexto cultural

No specific sensitivities, but when discussing 'diplomatic channels,' it can touch on sensitive political topics.

In English, 'pipeline' is often used for business prospects. In Chinese, 管道 is more neutral and technical, though the business usage is growing.

西气东输 (West-to-East Gas Pipeline Project) 中俄原油管道 (China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline) Super Mario (often called '管道工马里奥' in Chinese)
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