B1
verb
11 دقیقه مطالعه
يفسخ در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Annuls or cancels formal agreements like contracts or marriages.
- Implies legal invalidation, distinct from general cancellation.
- Used in legal, business, and personal status contexts.
- Verb form changes based on subject and tense.
Understanding 'يفسخ' (Yafsuk): Annulment and Cancellation
- Core Meaning
- The Arabic verb 'يفسخ' (yafsuakh) primarily signifies the act of annulling, voiding, or formally canceling something, most commonly a contract, agreement, marriage, or a legal decision. It implies making something legally invalid or no longer binding.
- Contextual Usage
- You'll frequently encounter 'يفسخ' in legal and business contexts. For instance, a court might 'يفسخ' a ruling, or parties involved in a business deal might agree to 'يفسخ' their contract. In personal matters, it can refer to the annulment of a marriage, often due to specific legal or religious grounds. It's a formal term indicating a definitive end to a previously established commitment or arrangement.
- Distinction from Simple Cancellation
- While 'يلغي' (yulghi) can also mean 'to cancel', 'يفسخ' carries a stronger sense of formal invalidation, particularly in legal or contractual settings. 'يلغي' might be used for canceling an appointment or a flight, whereas 'يفسخ' is reserved for more significant, often legally binding, arrangements.
The judge decided to يفسخ the contract due to non-compliance.
They had to يفسخ the marriage contract.
Formal Annulment in Practice
- Legal Context
- In the realm of law, 'يفسخ' is used when a higher court overturns a decision made by a lower court, effectively annulling it. For example, an appellate court might 'يفسخ' the verdict of a trial court if procedural errors are found. This is a formal legal action that nullifies the original judgment.
- Contractual Obligations
- When parties to a contract fail to meet their obligations, or if the contract is found to be unlawful or impossible to fulfill, it can be annulled. The phrase 'يفسخ العقد' (yafsuakh al-'aqd) means 'to annul the contract'. This is a significant step that releases both parties from their contractual duties.
- Personal Commitments
- The annulment of a marriage, 'فسخ الزواج' (fasakh az-zawaj), is a formal process distinct from divorce in some legal systems. It often implies that the marriage was never valid from the outset, or it is being dissolved on specific grounds recognized by law or religious doctrine. This usage highlights the gravity of the term.
The court has the power to يفسخ any agreement that violates public order.
Beyond Legalities
- Formal Agreements
- While legal and contractual contexts are primary, 'يفسخ' can also apply to the formal cancellation of other binding arrangements, such as membership in an organization or participation in a long-term project, especially if there are stipulated conditions for such annulment.
- Figurative Use
- Though less common, in a more figurative sense, one might hear of 'يفسخ' a decision or a plan if it's being formally revoked or rendered void, but this is typically a less precise usage compared to its legal and contractual applications.
The company decided to يفسخ the agreement with the supplier.
Mastering 'يفسخ' in Context
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- The verb 'يفسخ' is the third-person masculine singular present tense form. For other subjects, the verb form changes. For example, 'هي تفسخ' (hiya tafsukhu - she annuls), 'هم يفسخون' (hum yafsukhoona - they annul). Understanding these conjugations is key to accurate sentence construction.
- Common Objects of Annulment
- The most frequent nouns that follow 'يفسخ' are related to formal agreements and legal statuses. These include 'العقد' (al-'aqd - the contract), 'الاتفاق' (al-ittifaq - the agreement), 'الزواج' (az-zawaj - the marriage), 'الحكم' (al-hukm - the judgment/ruling), and 'القرار' (al-qarar - the decision).
The lawyer explained why the court might يفسخ the contract.
Sentence Structures
- Basic Structure: Subject + Verb + Object
- The most straightforward structure is: [Subject] + يفسخ + [Object]. For example, 'القاضي يفسخ الحكم' (Al-qadi yafsukhu al-hukm - The judge annuls the ruling). This is common in news reports and legal documents.
- Passive Voice
- The passive form, 'يُفسَخ' (yufsakhu), is also used, meaning 'is annulled'. For instance, 'العقد يُفسَخ' (Al-'aqd yufsakhu - The contract is annulled). This is useful when the agent of annulment is unknown or unimportant.
- With Prepositional Phrases
- Sentences often include reasons or conditions for annulment using prepositions like 'بسبب' (bisabab - because of) or 'لعدم' (li-'adam - due to lack of). Example: 'تم فسخ الاتفاق بسبب عدم الالتزام' (Tamma fasakh al-ittifaq bisabab 'adam al-iltizam - The agreement was annulled due to non-compliance). Note the use of the verbal noun 'فسخ' (fasakh) here, which often appears in such passive or nominalized constructions.
The committee decided to يفسخ the previous resolution.
Illustrative Examples
- Legal Ruling
- 'المحكمة العليا قررت أن تفسخ الحكم الصادر من المحكمة الابتدائية.' (Al-mahkamah al-'ulya qarrarat an tafsukha al-hukm as-sadhir min al-mahkamah al-ibtida'iyah. - The Supreme Court decided to annul the ruling issued by the lower court.) Note the use of 'تفسخ' (tafsukha) for the feminine subject 'المحكمة' (the court).
- Contractual Termination
- 'إذا لم يتم تسليم البضائع في الوقت المحدد، يحق للعميل يفسخ العقد.' (Idha lam yatimm taslim al-bada'i' fi al-waqt al-muhaddad, yahqqu lil-'amil yafsukhu al-'aqd. - If the goods are not delivered on time, the client has the right to annul the contract.)
- Marriage Annulment
- 'يحتاج الزوجان إلى تقديم أسباب قانونية لكي تتمكن المحكمة من فسخ الزواج.' (Yahtaj al-zawjan ila taqdim asbab qanuniyah likay tatimm al-mahkamah min fasakh az-zawaj. - The couple needs to present legal reasons for the court to be able to annul the marriage.) Here, the verbal noun 'فسخ' is used.
