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A2 — Making Comparisons

A2 · مقدماتی فصل 3

Making Comparisons

Q: صفت مقایسهای اصلاً چیه؟

یه مدل صفته که برای مقایسه دو تا چیز استفاده میشه تا نشون بده یکی یه ویژگی رو بیشتر داره. مثلاً: "taller" قد دو نفر رو مقایسه میکنه.

Q: کی باید از er- استفاده کنم؟

معمولاً برای صفتهای یک بخشی (مثل cold -> colder) و دوسیبابیهایی که به y ختم میشن (مثل happy -> happier). مثلاً: "It is colder today."

Q: میشه "more" رو با کلمات کوتاه مثل "fast" استفاده کنم؟

نه واقعاً. باید بگی "faster". اگه بگی "more fast"، برای انگلیسیزبانها یه اشتباه به نظر میاد. مثل اینکه بخوای سرعت ماشینت رو با دوستت مقایسه کنی: "My car is faster than yours."

Q: "funner" کلمه واقعیه؟

بیشتر دیکشنریها میگن نه. بهتره بگی "more fun"، حتی اگه "fun" یه کلمه کوتاهه. مثلاً وقتی یه بازی رو دوست داری: "This game is more fun."

Q: چرا میگیم 'better' به جای 'gooder'؟

چون good یه صفت بیقاعده است. شکل تفضیلیش توی طول زمان توی انگلیسی به شکل متفاوتی توسعه پیدا کرده، برای همین برای مقایسه دو چیز میگیم better، نه gooder. "good becoming better."

6 مجموع قواعد

68 مثال‌ها

6 دقیقه

قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of comparison to express your preferences and observations with precision.

Use comparative adjectives to contrast two items.
Apply superlative forms to identify the extreme of a group.
Handle irregular forms like better, worse, and best.

Compare everything with confidence and ease.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Ever wanted to say if one thing is bigger than another, or what's the best snack? This chapter is your guide! Soon you'll confidently compare anything, from prices to places, making your English even more useful.

مقایسه چیزها (بزرگتر، گرانتر)
با یاد گرفتن -er و more خیلی راحت می‌تونی دو تا چیز رو با هم مقایسه کنی و انگلیسی حرف زدنت رو جذاب‌تر کنی!
صفت تفضیلی: -er و more
صفت‌های مقایسه‌ای (صفت + -er یا more + صفت) دقیقاً دو چیز رو با هم مقایسه می‌کنن، با کمک پل جادویی than.
صفت‌های تفضیلی بی‌قاعده: better, worse, more
حالا سه تا کلمه خیلی مهم رو بلدی: better برای چیزای بهتر، worse برای چیزای بدتر، و more برای مقایسه مقدار. با اینا خیلی طبیعی‌تر حرف میزنی و اشتباهای رایج رو هم نداری.
مقایسه برابری (as...as)
الگوی as...as دو چیز رو به عنوان برابر مقایسه می‌کنه و از شکل ساده صفت یا قید استفاده می‌کنه. «مقایسه برابر», «صفت ساده», «قید ساده»
صفت عالی: بهترین و بدترین (-est / most)
با صفت‌های عالی، می‌تونی بهترین یا بدترین هر چیزی رو توی یه گروه نشون بدی. مثل ابزارهای the -est یا the most.
صفت عالی نامنظم: بهترین، بدترین و بیشتر
یاد گرفتن صفت‌های عالی بی‌قاعده مثل best و worst باعث میشه انگلیسی صحبت کردنت خیلی طبیعی و با اعتماد به نفس به نظر بیاد.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

1
By the end you will be able to: Compare two products using correct comparative adjectives.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Learning to compare things is a huge step in making your English more expressive and useful in everyday life. Think about it: every day we compare prices at the store, decide which movie is more interesting, or talk about which friend is taller. This chapter, Making Comparisons, is your essential guide to mastering these common situations.

By the end, you'll be confidently describing if something is bigger than something else, or identifying the best option from a group.

For A2 English grammar learners, understanding how to make comparisons is key to moving beyond simple sentences. It allows you to elaborate on your thoughts, share preferences, and engage in more dynamic conversations on familiar topics. Whether you're discussing your favorite foods, describing your city, or simply choosing the fastest way to get to work, the grammar patterns we'll explore here are fundamental.

You’ll learn about adding -er or more to adjectives, using than to connect ideas, and even special forms like better or the best. This skill will unlock a whole new level of practical communication in English.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At its heart, making comparisons in English is about showing how two or more things relate in terms of a quality. We use different patterns depending on whether we're comparing just two things, or identifying an extreme within a larger group, or even stating that two things are equal.

Let’s start with comparing two items:

When you want to say one thing has *more* of a quality than another, you use comparative adjectives. For short adjectives (usually one syllable), we add -er to the end. For example,

My coffee is hotter than yours.

For longer adjectives (two or more syllables), we use more before the adjective.

For instance,

This book is more interesting than that one.

Notice that both patterns use the word than to link the two things being compared.

Sometimes, adjectives don't follow these regular rules. These are called irregular comparatives. The most common ones are: good becomes better, bad becomes worse, and far becomes farther or further.

So, you’d say, "Today's weather is better than yesterday, not gooder."

But what if two things are exactly the same? We use the as...as pattern to show equality. You can use it with any adjective or adverb.

For example,

My car is as fast as your car,

The red apple is as sweet as the green one.

This pattern highlights that there's no difference in that particular quality between the two items.

Finally, when you want to identify the absolute extreme in a group of three or more items, you use superlative adjectives. For short adjectives, we add -est and always put the before it.

This is the biggest building in the city.

For longer adjectives, we use the most before the adjective.

She is the most talented singer in the class.

Just like comparatives, some superlatives are irregular. Good becomes the best, bad becomes the worst, and far becomes the farthest or the furthest. These forms are essential for expressing extremes clearly and correctly.

اشتباهات رایج

1Using 'more' with -er adjectives.

✗ My new phone is more bigger than my old one.

✓ My new phone is bigger than my old one.

*Explanation: For short adjectives, you only add -er. Don't use 'more' with them.*

1Forgetting 'than' in comparative sentences.

✗ This movie is better the last one.

✓ This movie is better than the last one.

*Explanation: 'Than' is crucial to connect the two things you are comparing.*

1Missing 'the' before superlative adjectives.

✗ Everest is highest mountain in the world.

✓ Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

*Explanation: Always use 'the' before a superlative adjective to show it's the absolute extreme.*

مکالمات واقعی

Hi Leo! How was your trip to the beach?

It was great! The water was warmer than I expected, and the sand was softer than the sand at our local lake.

Oh, sounds lovely! Which beach did you go to?

Brighton Beach. It’s the biggest one near my town, and I think it’s also the most beautiful.

I’m trying to decide what to order. This pasta dish looks good.

Yes, but the pizza here is usually better than the pasta. And it’s as cheap as the pasta, too!

Really? I thought the pasta was the most popular dish.

It's popular, but I think the pizza is the best choice on the menu!

سؤالات رایج

When should I use '-er' versus 'more' for comparative adjectives?

You generally use -er for one-syllable adjectives (taller, smaller) and some two-syllable adjectives ending in -y (happier, easier). You use more for most other two-syllable adjectives and all adjectives with three or more syllables (more interesting, more expensive).

Can I use 'as...as' to compare more than two things?

No, the as...as pattern is typically used to compare *two* things or people as equals. For example,

My car is as fast as your car.

If you're talking about more than two, you're usually looking for a superlative (e.g.,

This car is the fastest of all.

What's the main difference between 'better' and 'the best'?

Better is a comparative adjective, used when comparing *two* things (

This book is better than that one

). The best is a superlative adjective, used when comparing *three or more* things and identifying the top one (

This is the best book I’ve ever read

Do all adjectives have an '-est' or 'most' form for superlatives?

Almost all. Similar to comparatives, short adjectives usually take -est (tallest, smartest), and longer ones use most (most delicious, most important). Remember the irregular ones like best, worst, farthest/furthest!

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use comparisons constantly in daily conversation, often shortening sentences for speed. For instance, instead of

This is better than that one,

they might just say

This is better

if the context is clear. The as...as pattern can also be used humorously or sarcastically, like "He's as quiet as a rock," implying he's very quiet.

While the grammar rules are fairly consistent, pronunciation and stress on the comparative or superlative word can add emphasis.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

Your new car is `faster than` mine.

ماشین جدیدت از مال من سریع‌تره.

صفت تفضیلی: -er و more

This phone is `more expensive than` my laptop!

این گوشی از لپ‌تاپم گرون‌تره!

صفت تفضیلی: -er و more

This new phone is much **better** than my old one.

این گوشی جدید خیلی بهتر از گوشی قبلیمه.

صفت‌های تفضیلی بی‌قاعده: better, worse, more

The weather today is **worse** than it was yesterday; it's raining.

هوای امروز بدتر از دیروزه؛ داره بارون میاد.

صفت‌های تفضیلی بی‌قاعده: better, worse, more

My new phone is as light as a feather.

گوشی جدیدم مثل پر سبکه.

مقایسه برابری (as...as)

The Netflix sequel isn't as good as the first season.

قسمت جدید نتفلیکس به خوبی فصل اول نیست.

مقایسه برابری (as...as)

Mount Everest is `the highest` mountain in the world.

کوه اورست بلندترین کوه دنیاست.

صفت عالی: بهترین و بدترین (-est / most)

For me, summer is `the best` season of all.

برای من، تابستون بهترین فصل از همه‌ست.

صفت عالی: بهترین و بدترین (-est / most)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

بخش‌های کلمه رو بشمار

موقع انتخاب بین er- و more، کلمه رو بلند بگو. اگه یک بخشی بود (مثل tall یا cold) معمولاً er- می‌گیره: tall becomes taller.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مقایسه چیزها (بزرگتر، گرانتر)

⚠️

نه به "More Better"!

وقتی یه صفت خودش تهش -er داره (مثل faster یا taller)، دیگه بهش more اضافه نکن. یا این یا اون، هیچ‌وقت هر دو رو با هم نگو:

This car is faster.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت تفضیلی: -er و more

💡

با جمله‌های رایج تمرین کن

توی صحبت‌های روزمره‌ات سعی کن از 'better than', 'worse than' و 'more than' استفاده کنی. هرچی بیشتر به کار ببری، طبیعی‌تر به نظرت میاد. مثلاً:

My coffee is better than yours!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت‌های تفضیلی بی‌قاعده: better, worse, more

⚠️

مراقب "تر" باش!

هیچ وقت از کلماتی که «تر» دارن (مثل faster) یا more توی الگوی as...as استفاده نکن. بگو as smart as نه as smarter as.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مقایسه برابری (as...as)

واژگان کلیدی (6)

Expensive costing a lot of money Cheap low in price Better more good Worse more bad Best the highest quality Tall high in height

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Review Summary

A + verb + adjective-er + than + B
More + long adjective + than
Good -> Better, Bad -> Worse
As + adj + as
The + adjective-est
Good -> Best, Bad -> Worst

اشتباهات رایج

Short adjectives take the -er suffix, not 'more'. 'More' is only for long adjectives.

Wrong: He is more tall than me.

صحیح: He is taller than me.

Best is already superlative; do not add 'most'.

Wrong: This is the most best cake.

صحیح: This is the best cake.

Use the base form of the adjective between 'as...as', not the comparative form.

Wrong: It is as better as that.

صحیح: It is as good as that.

قواعد این فصل (6)

Next Steps

You have mastered comparisons! Keep practicing by comparing objects in your daily life. See you in the next chapter!

Compare items in your room aloud

Continue to: The Past: States and Regular Actions

تمرین سریع (10)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

She is most smart person in her class.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is the smartest person in her class.

'Smart' یه صفت کوتاهه (یک سیلاب)، پس '-est' بهش اضافه می‌کنیم و 'the' رو هم فراموش نمی‌کنیم. 'Smartest' فرم درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت عالی: بهترین و بدترین (-est / most)

فرم تفضیلی بی‌قاعده درست رو انتخاب کن تا جمله کامل بشه.

This restaurant's food is much ___ than the cafe next door.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: better

«Good» شکل تفضیلی بی‌قاعده «better» رو داره. ما «gooder» یا «more good» نمی‌گیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت‌های تفضیلی بی‌قاعده: better, worse, more

اشتباه جمله را پیدا کرده و درست کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

That was the badest movie of the year.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That was the worst movie of the year.

'Bad' یک صفت بی‌قاعده است. شکل عالی آن 'worst' است، نه 'badest'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت عالی نامنظم: بهترین، بدترین و بیشتر

جای خالی رو با شکل مقایسه‌ای درست "tall" پر کن.

My brother is _______ than me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: taller

Tall یه صفت تک‌سیلابیه، پس -er بهش اضافه می‌کنیم تا بشه taller.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت تفضیلی: -er و more

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

The traffic was badder today than yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The traffic was worse today than yesterday.

صفت تفضیلی بی‌قاعده «bad» میشه «worse»، نه «badder» یا «more bad».

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت‌های تفضیلی بی‌قاعده: better, worse, more

کدام جمله از صفت عالی بی‌قاعده به درستی استفاده کرده است؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He has the least money.

'Least' شکل عالی 'little' (برای کمیت) است و قبل از آن به 'the' نیاز دارد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت عالی نامنظم: بهترین، بدترین و بیشتر

فرم صحیح صفت عالی را برای کامل کردن جمله انتخاب کن.

This is ______ movie I've ever watched!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: the most boring

صفت 'boring' دو سیلاب داره اما با '-ing' تموم میشه، که معمولاً 'the most' رو می‌گیره. برای 'boring'، ما از 'the most boring' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت عالی: بهترین و بدترین (-est / most)

کدوم جمله درسته؟ داری دو تا لپ‌تاپ رو با هم مقایسه می‌کنی.

Comparing two laptops:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This one is better than that one.

Good بی‌قاعده است. شکل مقایسه‌ای اون همیشه better هست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت تفضیلی: -er و more

اشتباه این جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

This exercise is more easier than the last one.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This exercise is easier than the last one.

نمیتونی more و -er رو با هم استفاده کنی. برای easy، y رو به i تغییر میدیم و -er اضافه می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت تفضیلی: -er و more

جای خالی رو پر کن تا مقایسه کامل بشه.

My cat is as ___ as yours. (lazy)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lazy

در مقایسه‌ی as...as، باید از شکل ساده صفت 'lazy' استفاده کنی، نه شکل مقایسه‌ای 'lazier'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مقایسه برابری (as...as)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

یه مدل صفته که برای مقایسه دو تا چیز استفاده می‌شه تا نشون بده یکی یه ویژگی رو بیشتر داره. مثلاً: taller قد دو نفر رو مقایسه می‌کنه.

معمولاً برای صفت‌های یک بخشی (مثل cold -> colder) و دوسیبابی‌هایی که به y ختم می‌شن (مثل happy -> happier). مثلاً:

It is colder today.

نه واقعاً. باید بگی faster. اگه بگی more fast، برای انگلیسی‌زبان‌ها یه اشتباه به نظر میاد. مثل اینکه بخوای سرعت ماشینت رو با دوستت مقایسه کنی:

My car is faster than yours.

بیشتر دیکشنری‌ها میگن نه. بهتره بگی more fun، حتی اگه fun یه کلمه کوتاهه. مثلاً وقتی یه بازی رو دوست داری:

This game is more fun.

یعنی شکل تفضیلی یک صفت یا قید از قانون معمول اضافه کردن -er یا more پیروی نمی‌کنه. به جاش، کلمه کاملاً تغییر می‌کنه، مثل good که میشه better. good becoming better.

چون good یه صفت بی‌قاعده است. شکل تفضیلیش توی طول زمان توی انگلیسی به شکل متفاوتی توسعه پیدا کرده، برای همین برای مقایسه دو چیز می‌گیم better، نه gooder. good becoming better.