صفت تفضیلی: -er و more
-er یا more + صفت) دقیقاً دو چیز رو با هم مقایسه میکنن، با کمک پل جادویی than.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use '-er' for short words and 'more' for long words to compare two things using 'than'.
- Add '-er' to one-syllable adjectives like 'fast' to get 'faster'.
- Change '-y' to '-ier' for two-syllable words like 'happy' to get 'happier'.
- Use 'more' before adjectives with two or more syllables like 'more expensive'.
مرور کلی
comparatives نیاز داری. اونا کمکت میکنن سلیقهت رو بگی و تصمیم بگیری. این قانون سلاح مخفی توئه برای اینکه توی مکالمات انگلیسی طبیعی به نظر بیای.comparatives استفاده میکنی. مثل یه ترازوی دو کفهای بهش فکر کن. یه چیز رو میذاری یه طرف و اون یکی رو طرف دیگه.bigger، cheaper یا more interesting هست. این نکته گرامری برای زبانآموزای سطح A2 خیلی ضروریه. این باعث میشه از توصیفهای ساده مثل It is big رد بشی و برسی به افکار پیچیدهتری مثل It is bigger than I thought.موقع خرید آنلاین، صحبت در مورد دوستات یا غر زدن درباره آبوهوا ازش استفاده میکنی.
taller هست؟ کی smarter هست؟ برای دونستنش به این نیاز داری.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
-er تلفظش رو سخت میکنه.interestering-er. زبونت کم میاره. واسه همینه که از more استفاده میکنیم.than رو هم فراموش نکن. این پل بین دو چیزیه که داری مقایسه میکنی. بدون than، مقایسه ناقصه.I am taller... و بعدش بذاری بری. بلندتر از چی؟ یه زرافه؟
الگوی ساخت
comparative رو درست بسازی:
-er به آخرش اضافه کن. Fast میشه faster. Small میشه smaller.
Big میشه bigger. Hot میشه hotter. (فکر کن کلمه داره قویتر میشه تا بتونه پسوند جدید رو نگهداره).
-y ختم میشن، -y رو به -i تبدیل کن و -er اضافه کن. Happy میشه happier. Easy میشه easier.
more رو قبل از صفت بذار. Expensive میشه more expensive. Beautiful میشه more beautiful.
than استفاده کن تا مورد دوم رو معرفی کنی. A is [comparative] than B.
good -> better، bad -> worse، far -> farther/further. اینا شورشیهای زبان انگلیسی هستن. از قوانین پیروی نمیکنن، ولی ما به هر حال دوسشون داریم.
کی استفاده کنیم
comparatives استفاده کن. وقتی متوجه یه تغییر در گذر زمان میشی ازشون استفاده کن. مثلاً: The city is noisier than it was ten years ago. توی شبکههای اجتماعی استفاده کن تا زندگیت رو با بقیه مقایسه کنی (با احتیاط!).cheaper و استیک more expensive تصمیم میگیری ازش استفاده کن. واسه ولاگهای سفر عالین: This view is more incredible than the last one! تو مصاحبههای شغلی، استفاده کن تا پیشرفتت رو نشون بدی: I am more organized now than in my last role. خلاصه، هر وقت دو تا چیز رو دیدی و یکیشون «بیشتر» از اون یکی یه ویژگی رو داشت، برو سراغ این قانون. مثل یه ابرقدرت واسه نظراتته.
اشتباهات رایج
Double Comparative هست. نگو more bigger یا more faster. مثل اینه که دو تا کلاه همزمان سرت کنی—هم مسخره به نظر میاد هم غیرضروریه. یکی رو انتخاب کن! یا دم -er رو استفاده کن یا کمککننده more. یه سوتی رایج دیگه استفاده از that به جای than هست. یادت باشه: than واسه مقایسهست؛ that واسه اشاره کردن. بیقاعدهها رو فراموش نکن. خیلیا میگن gooder یا badder. با اینکه بامزهست، ولی غلطه. از better و worse استفاده کن. در آخر، حواست به قانون دو برابر کردن CVC باشه. نوشتن biger به جای bigger یه اشتباه کوچیکه که باعث میشه less professional به نظر بیای. (دیدی چیکار کردم؟ Less دقیقاً برعکس more هست).مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
comparatives رو با superlatives قاطی نکن. Superlatives (مثل the biggest یا the most expensive) مال وقتیه که سه تا چیز یا بیشتر داری و میخوای برنده مطلق رو انتخاب کنی. Comparatives دقیقاً واسه نبرد ۱ به ۱ هستن.as... as مقایسه کن. در حالی که taller than تفاوت رو نشون میده، as tall as برابری رو نشون میده.taller than استفاده کن. وقتی مساوی میشن از as tall as استفاده کن. به comparatives مثل حالت VS توی بازیهای ویدیویی نگاه کن.superlative شدی.سؤالات رایج
Can I use more with short adjectives?
معمولاً نه، ولی گاهی اوقات برای تأکید تو مکالمات خیلی خودمانی میشه. اما واسه امتحانات و طبیعی حرف زدن، همون -er رو بچسب.
What about the word fun?
کلمه fun یه کم عجیبه. با اینکه تکبخشیه، اکثر مردم میگن more fun. کلمه Funner وجود داره ولی خیلی بچگونه به نظر میاد.
Is it farther or further?
Farther معمولاً واسه مسافت فیزیکیه (مایل/کیلومتر). Further واسه مسافت استعاریه (اطلاعات بیشتر). ولی راستش، اکثر انگلیسیزبانها اینا رو جای هم به کار میبرن.
Do I always need than?
فقط اگه به چیز دوم اشاره کنی. اگه همه میدونن داری راجع به چی حرف میزنی، میتونی زودتر تمومش کنی:
I want a cheaper one.
Comparative Formation Rules
| Adjective Type | Rule | Example | Comparative |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 Syllable
|
Add -er
|
Fast
|
Faster
|
|
1 Syllable (CVC)
|
Double consonant + -er
|
Big
|
Bigger
|
|
1 Syllable (ends in -e)
|
Add -r
|
Nice
|
Nicer
|
|
2 Syllables (ends in -y)
|
Change y to i + -er
|
Happy
|
Happier
|
|
2+ Syllables
|
Use 'more'
|
Modern
|
More modern
|
|
Irregular
|
Total change
|
Good
|
Better
|
|
Irregular
|
Total change
|
Bad
|
Worse
|
|
Irregular
|
Total change
|
Far
|
Farther/Further
|
Meanings
The comparative form is used to compare differences between the two objects it modifies (larger, smaller, faster, higher). It is used in sentences where two nouns are compared.
Short Adjectives
Adding the suffix '-er' to adjectives with one syllable.
“The sun is hotter than the moon.”
“This box is heavier than that one.”
Long Adjectives
Using the word 'more' before adjectives with two or more syllables.
“This book is more interesting than the movie.”
“She is more intelligent than her classmates.”
Irregular Comparatives
Adjectives that change completely in their comparative form.
“Your score is better than mine.”
“The weather today is worse than yesterday.”
Reference Table
| نوع صفت | قانون | صفت اصلی | حالت مقایسهای |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 سیلابی
|
افزودن -er
|
Fast
|
Faster
|
|
1 سیلابی (CVC)
|
تکرار حرف بیصدا + -er
|
Big
|
Bigger
|
|
2 سیلابی (-y)
|
تغییر y به -ier
|
Happy
|
Happier
|
|
2+ سیلابی
|
استفاده از 'more'
|
Expensive
|
More expensive
|
|
بیقاعده
|
شکل خاص
|
Good
|
Better
|
|
بیقاعده
|
شکل خاص
|
Bad
|
Worse
|
|
بیقاعده
|
شکل خاص
|
Far
|
Farther / Further
|
طیف رسمیت
He is taller than I am. (Physical description)
He is taller than me. (Physical description)
He's taller than me. (Physical description)
He's got way more height than me. (Physical description)
The Comparative Landscape
Short Words
- Small -> Smaller suffix -er
- Hot -> Hotter double consonant
Long Words
- More Beautiful helper word
- More Expensive helper word
Suffix vs. Helper Word
Which form should I use?
Is it 1 syllable?
Does it end in -y?
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I am taller than my sister.
A car is faster than a bike.
This apple is bigger.
My cat is smaller than your dog.
This phone is more expensive than that one.
I am happier today than yesterday.
Is London bigger than Paris?
The movie was better than the book.
The city is much noisier than the countryside.
This exercise is slightly easier than the last one.
He is more talented than he realizes.
The new model is significantly more efficient.
The more I study, the more I realize I don't know.
The situation is getting more and more complicated.
She is less interested in sports than her brother is.
The results were far better than we had anticipated.
The proposal was no less controversial than the previous one.
He was rather more upset than he let on.
The implications are far-reaching, more so than initially thought.
The narrowness of the path became even more pronounced.
The newer policy is arguably more robust, yet less flexible.
Her elder sister remains the more formidable of the two.
The discrepancy was all the more apparent given the context.
It was a task more easily described than performed.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use '-est' when they only have two items.
They sound similar, but 'then' is about time.
Learners use 'very' to compare.
اشتباهات رایج
He is more big.
He is bigger.
I am more good.
I am better.
She is taller that me.
She is taller than me.
It is hoter today.
It is hotter today.
This is more better.
This is better.
It is more easy.
It is easier.
He is more tall than I.
He is taller than me.
The movie was more bad.
The movie was worse.
He is elder than me.
He is older than me.
This is superior than that.
This is superior to that.
الگوهای جملهسازی
The ___ is ___er than the ___.
I think ___ is more ___ than ___.
My ___ is better than your ___.
It's getting ___er and ___er.
Real World Usage
This laptop is more powerful but more expensive.
Tomorrow will be slightly warmer than today.
I believe I am more qualified for this role than other candidates.
I'm looking for someone taller than me.
Is the hotel closer to the beach than the airport?
The pizza here is better than the one across the street.
He is running faster than his opponent!
Happier than ever!
نه به "More Better"!
-er داره (مثل faster یا taller)، دیگه بهش more اضافه نکن. یا این یا اون، هیچوقت هر دو رو با هم نگو: This car is faster.
قاعده "than"
than رو بذاری. مثل اینکه بگی: I am taller than you.
مقایسههای دوستانه
I am too، ممکنه بگن Me too. البته این یکم غیررسمیتره: Me too!Smart Tips
If it ends in -y, -er, -le, or -ow, it usually takes '-er'. If not, 'more' is a safer bet.
Use 'much' or 'way' before the comparative to add emphasis.
Always use 'than' followed by a subject pronoun and a verb.
Check if it's a 'CVC' word. If it is, double that last letter before adding -er.
تلفظ
The Schwa Suffix
The '-er' ending is almost always pronounced as a weak schwa /ə/ in British English or a rhotic /ər/ in American English. Do not stress it.
Linking 'Than'
The word 'than' is usually reduced to /ðən/. It links quickly to the following word.
Comparison Stress
This one is BIGGER than that one.
We often stress the comparative adjective to emphasize the difference.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Short is Sweet: Add -er. Long is Strong: Use More.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a short person standing on a box labeled '-er' to reach a high shelf, while a tall person (long word) just needs a friend named 'More' to help them.
Rhyme
If the word is short and small, add -er to stand tall. If the word is long and wide, put 'more' right by its side.
Story
Once there was a small cat named 'Fast' who wanted to be 'Faster', so he ate an '-er' cookie. His friend, a big elephant named 'Intelligent', couldn't fit the cookie, so he just carried a sign that said 'More'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room. Find two objects and say three comparative sentences about them (e.g., 'The lamp is taller than the book').
نکات فرهنگی
Using comparatives can sometimes sound rude if you are comparing people directly. It is often softer to use 'not as... as'.
Americans frequently use 'than me' or 'than him' (object pronouns).
In very formal British English, you might still hear 'than I' or 'than he', though it is becoming rare.
The '-er' suffix comes from Old English '-ra', which is shared with other Germanic languages. 'More' comes from the Old English 'māra'.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Which is better: living in a big city or a small town?
Is your phone better than your last one?
Compare two famous people you know.
If you could travel anywhere, would you prefer a hotter or colder climate?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
My brother is _______ than me.
Tall یه صفت تکسیلابیه، پس -er بهش اضافه میکنیم تا بشه taller.Comparing two laptops:
Good بیقاعده است. شکل مقایسهای اون همیشه better هست.Find and fix the mistake:
This exercise is more easier than the last one.
more و -er رو با هم استفاده کنی. برای easy، y رو به i تغییر میدیم و -er اضافه میکنیم.Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesMy house is ___ (big) than yours.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
She is more intelligenter than her brother.
The blue car is $20,000. The red car is $15,000. (expensive)
Bad, Happy, Far
Learning English is ___ (easy) than learning Chinese.
I am taller ___ my father.
today / than / is / it / yesterday / colder
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesGold is _______ than silver.
My car is biger than yours.
than / I / am / you / older
Este examen es peor que el anterior.
This box is _______ than that one.
Match these pairs:
We walked _______ than we planned.
I am now...
The weather is more hot today.
is / This / than / more / pizza / delicious / that / one
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
No, 'better' is already comparative. Adding 'more' is redundant and incorrect. Just say `better`.
Double the last letter for one-syllable words that end in a single vowel and a single consonant (CVC), like `big` -> `bigger` or `hot` -> `hotter`.
In modern English, they are often used interchangeably. However, `farther` usually refers to physical distance, while `further` refers to metaphorical distance (e.g., 'further information').
Technically, 'fun' is a noun, so 'more fun' is the standard form. While you might hear 'funner' in very casual speech, it is considered incorrect in exams or formal writing.
Both are used. `Than me` is common and natural in conversation. `Than I am` or `than I` is more formal.
Yes, if they don't end in 'y'. For example, `more modern` or `more famous`. If they end in 'y', use `-ier`.
Use the structure `as + adjective + as`. For example, 'I am as tall as my brother.'
The opposite is `less`. For example, 'This book is less interesting than the other one.'
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
más + adjective
No suffix equivalent to '-er'.
plus + adjective
Uses 'plus' instead of suffixes.
adjective + -er
German uses '-er' for almost all adjectives, even long ones.
yori
No morphological change to the adjective.
bǐ (比)
Comparison is handled by sentence structure, not word forms.
Elative form (af'al)
Internal root modification.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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Adjectives and Adverbs in English - 5 Levels of Difficulty
Oxford Online English
Adjectives & Adverbs | English Grammar Lesson | B1-Intermediate
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