A2 · 初中級 チャプター 3

Making Comparisons

6 トータルルール
68 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of comparison to express your preferences and observations with precision.

  • Use comparative adjectives to contrast two items.
  • Apply superlative forms to identify the extreme of a group.
  • Handle irregular forms like better, worse, and best.
Compare everything with confidence and ease.

学べること

Ever wanted to say if one thing is bigger than another, or what's the best snack? This chapter is your guide! Soon you'll confidently compare anything, from prices to places, making your English even more useful.

  • 物事を比較する（より大きい、より高価な）
    形容詞の形を少し変えるだけで、2つのものを自由に比べられるようになります！ comparison than better を使いこなしましょう。
  • 比較級: -er と more
    「-er」と「more」を使いこなして、英語で自然に、そして上手に何でも比べられるようになろう！
  • 不規則な比較級: better, worse, more
    「better」、「worse」、「more」をマスターして、より自然な英語を話しましょう。よくある間違いも避けられますよ！
  • 同等の比較 (as...as)
    「as...as」は、「同じくらい」って比べたい時にとっても便利な表現だよ。形容詞や副詞の元の形を使って、二つのものを「平等」に比較できるんだ。
  • 最上級：最高と最悪 (-est / most)
    最上級は、「the -est」や「the most」を使って、グループの中で「一番」を表す魔法のツールだよ！
  • 不規則な最上級：最高、最悪など
    「best」や「worst」のような「不規則な最上級」を使いこなすと、あなたの英語がもっと「自然」で「自信」があるように聞こえますよ！

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Compare two products using correct comparative adjectives.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Learning to compare things is a huge step in making your English more expressive and useful in everyday life. Think about it: every day we compare prices at the store, decide which movie is more interesting, or talk about which friend is taller. This chapter, Making Comparisons, is your essential guide to mastering these common situations.
By the end, you'll be confidently describing if something is bigger than something else, or identifying the best option from a group.
For A2 English grammar learners, understanding how to make comparisons is key to moving beyond simple sentences. It allows you to elaborate on your thoughts, share preferences, and engage in more dynamic conversations on familiar topics. Whether you're discussing your favorite foods, describing your city, or simply choosing the fastest way to get to work, the grammar patterns we'll explore here are fundamental.
You’ll learn about adding -er or more to adjectives, using than to connect ideas, and even special forms like better or the best. This skill will unlock a whole new level of practical communication in English.

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, making comparisons in English is about showing how two or more things relate in terms of a quality. We use different patterns depending on whether we're comparing just two things, or identifying an extreme within a larger group, or even stating that two things are equal.
Let’s start with comparing two items:
When you want to say one thing has *more* of a quality than another, you use comparative adjectives. For short adjectives (usually one syllable), we add -er to the end. For example,
My coffee is hotter than yours.
For longer adjectives (two or more syllables), we use more before the adjective.
For instance,
This book is more interesting than that one.
Notice that both patterns use the word than to link the two things being compared.
Sometimes, adjectives don't follow these regular rules. These are called irregular comparatives. The most common ones are: good becomes better, bad becomes worse, and far becomes farther or further.
So, you’d say, "Today's weather is better than yesterday, not gooder."
But what if two things are exactly the same? We use the as...as pattern to show equality. You can use it with any adjective or adverb.
For example,
My car is as fast as your car,
or
The red apple is as sweet as the green one.
This pattern highlights that there's no difference in that particular quality between the two items.
Finally, when you want to identify the absolute extreme in a group of three or more items, you use superlative adjectives. For short adjectives, we add -est and always put the before it.
This is the biggest building in the city.
For longer adjectives, we use the most before the adjective.
She is the most talented singer in the class.
Just like comparatives, some superlatives are irregular. Good becomes the best, bad becomes the worst, and far becomes the farthest or the furthest. These forms are essential for expressing extremes clearly and correctly.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Using 'more' with -er adjectives.
✗ My new phone is more bigger than my old one.
✓ My new phone is bigger than my old one.
*Explanation: For short adjectives, you only add -er. Don't use 'more' with them.*
  1. 1Forgetting 'than' in comparative sentences.
✗ This movie is better the last one.
✓ This movie is better than the last one.
*Explanation: 'Than' is crucial to connect the two things you are comparing.*
  1. 1Missing 'the' before superlative adjectives.
✗ Everest is highest mountain in the world.
✓ Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
*Explanation: Always use 'the' before a superlative adjective to show it's the absolute extreme.*

Real Conversations

A

A

Hi Leo! How was your trip to the beach?
B

B

It was great! The water was warmer than I expected, and the sand was softer than the sand at our local lake.
A

A

Oh, sounds lovely! Which beach did you go to?
B

B

Brighton Beach. It’s the biggest one near my town, and I think it’s also the most beautiful.
A

A

I’m trying to decide what to order. This pasta dish looks good.
B

B

Yes, but the pizza here is usually better than the pasta. And it’s as cheap as the pasta, too!
A

A

Really? I thought the pasta was the most popular dish.
B

B

It's popular, but I think the pizza is the best choice on the menu!

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use '-er' versus 'more' for comparative adjectives?

You generally use -er for one-syllable adjectives (taller, smaller) and some two-syllable adjectives ending in -y (happier, easier). You use more for most other two-syllable adjectives and all adjectives with three or more syllables (more interesting, more expensive).

Q

Can I use 'as...as' to compare more than two things?

No, the as...as pattern is typically used to compare *two* things or people as equals. For example,

My car is as fast as your car.
If you're talking about more than two, you're usually looking for a superlative (e.g.,
This car is the fastest of all.
).

Q

What's the main difference between 'better' and 'the best'?

Better is a comparative adjective, used when comparing *two* things (

This book is better than that one
). The best is a superlative adjective, used when comparing *three or more* things and identifying the top one (
This is the best book I’ve ever read
).

Q

Do all adjectives have an '-est' or 'most' form for superlatives?

Almost all. Similar to comparatives, short adjectives usually take -est (tallest, smartest), and longer ones use most (most delicious, most important). Remember the irregular ones like best, worst, farthest/furthest!

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use comparisons constantly in daily conversation, often shortening sentences for speed. For instance, instead of
This is better than that one,
they might just say
This is better
if the context is clear. The as...as pattern can also be used humorously or sarcastically, like "He's as quiet as a rock," implying he's very quiet.
While the grammar rules are fairly consistent, pronunciation and stress on the comparative or superlative word can add emphasis.

重要な例文 (8)

1

My new smartphone is much faster than my old one.

新しいスマホは古いものよりずっと速いよ。

物事を比較する（より大きい、より高価な）
2

This assignment is easier than I expected, thankfully!

この課題、思ったより簡単だった！よかった〜。

物事を比較する（より大きい、より高価な）
3

My new phone is `faster` than my old one.

私の新しいスマホは古いものより速いです。

比較級: -er と more
4

This movie is `more interesting` than the book.

この映画は本よりも面白いです。

比較級: -er と more
5

This new phone is much **better** than my old one.

この新しい電話は古いものよりずっと良いです。

不規則な比較級: better, worse, more
6

The weather today is **worse** than it was yesterday; it's raining.

今日の天気は昨日より悪いです。雨が降っています。

不規則な比較級: better, worse, more
7

My new phone is as light as a feather.

私の新しいスマホは羽のように軽い。

同等の比較 (as...as)
8

The Netflix sequel isn't as good as the first season.

そのNetflixの続編は、最初のシーズンほど良くない。

同等の比較 (as...as)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

音節（シラブル）を数えてみて！

-er か more か迷ったら、単語を口に出してみましょう。tall や cold のように短い単語は -er をつけます。
It is colder today.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 物事を比較する（より大きい、より高価な）
💡

音節を数えよう！

音節の数が一番のヒントになります。1音節なら「-er」、2音節以上（yで終わらないもの）なら「more」を使うのが基本です。あなたの主要なガイドです！ "It's your primary guide!"
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比較級: -er と more
💡

よく使う表現で練習しよう

日常会話で 'better than'、'worse than'、'more than' を使ってみましょう。たくさん使うほど、自然に感じられるようになりますよ。例えば、「My coffee is better than yours!」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則な比較級: better, worse, more
⚠️

比較級の落とし穴

-erが付く言葉や「more」は「as...as」の中では絶対に使わないでね。「as smart as」はOKだけど、「as smarter as」はダメだよ。例えば「She is as smart as her sister.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同等の比較 (as...as)

重要な語彙 (6)

Expensive costing a lot of money Cheap low in price Better more good Worse more bad Best the highest quality Tall high in height

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Review Summary

  • A + verb + adjective-er + than + B
  • More + long adjective + than
  • Good -> Better, Bad -> Worse
  • As + adj + as
  • The + adjective-est
  • Good -> Best, Bad -> Worst

よくある間違い

Short adjectives take the -er suffix, not 'more'. 'More' is only for long adjectives.

Wrong: He is more tall than me.
正解: He is taller than me.

Best is already superlative; do not add 'most'.

Wrong: This is the most best cake.
正解: This is the best cake.

Use the base form of the adjective between 'as...as', not the comparative form.

Wrong: It is as better as that.
正解: It is as good as that.

このチャプターのルール (6)

1

物事を比較する（より大きい、より高価な）

A2
形容詞の形を少し変えるだけで、2つのものを自由に比べられるようになります！ comparison than better を使いこなしましょう。
My new smartphone is much faster than my old one.
12 例文
2

比較級: -er と more

A2
「-er」と「more」を使いこなして、英語で自然に、そして上手に何でも比べられるようになろう！
My new phone is `faster` than my old one.
10 例文
3

不規則な比較級: better, worse, more

A2
「better」、「worse」、「more」をマスターして、より自然な英語を話しましょう。よくある間違いも避けられますよ！
This new phone is much **better** than my old one.
12 例文
4

同等の比較 (as...as)

A2
「as...as」は、「同じくらい」って比べたい時にとっても便利な表現だよ。形容詞や副詞の元の形を使って、二つのものを「平等」に比較できるんだ。
My new phone is as light as a feather.
10 例文
5

最上級：最高と最悪 (-est / most)

A2
最上級は、「the -est」や「the most」を使って、グループの中で「一番」を表す魔法のツールだよ！
Mount Everest is `the highest` mountain in the wor...
12 例文
6

不規則な最上級：最高、最悪など

A2
「best」や「worst」のような「不規則な最上級」を使いこなすと、あなたの英語がもっと「自然」で「自信」があるように聞こえますよ！
This is `the best` pizza I've ever tasted!
12 例文

Next Steps

You have mastered comparisons! Keep practicing by comparing objects in your daily life. See you in the next chapter!

Compare items in your room aloud

Continue to: The Past: States and Regular Actions

クイック練習 (10)

文を完成させる正しい比較級の形を選びましょう。

My new apartment is ___ than my old one.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bigger
形容詞「big」は1音節なので、「g」を重ねて「-er」をつけます。「More big」は間違いで、「biggest」は最上級です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比較級: -er と more

比較を完成させるために空欄を埋めてください。

My cat is as ___ as yours. (lazy)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lazy
「as...as」を使った比較では、比較級の「lazier」ではなく、形容詞「lazy」の原形を使う必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同等の比較 (as...as)

文章の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

The traffic was badder today than yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The traffic was worse today than yesterday.
'bad' の不規則比較級は 'worse' であり、『badder』や『more bad』ではありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則な比較級: better, worse, more

不規則な最上級を正しく使っている文を選びましょう。

正しい文を選びましょう：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He has the least money.
「Least」は「little」（量）の最上級で、その前に「the」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則な最上級：最高、最悪など

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the correct comparison:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The bus is as fast as the train.
正しい構造は「as + 形容詞 + as」です。ここでは「than」や比較級の形容詞は使いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 同等の比較 (as...as)

正しい文章を選びましょう。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I need more sleep tonight.
'more' は 'much' または 'many'（そして 'a lot of'）の不規則比較級です。『Muncher』は単語ではありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則な比較級: better, worse, more

文を完成させるために正しい最上級の形を選びましょう。

This is ______ movie I've ever watched!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: the most boring
形容詞「boring」は２音節ですが、「-ing」で終わるため、通常は「the most」を使います。「boring」の場合、「the most boring」が正しい形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 最上級：最高と最悪 (-est / most)

正しい不規則比較級を選んで文章を完成させましょう。

This restaurant's food is much ___ than the cafe next door.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: better
'good' の不規則比較級は 'better' です。『gooder』や『more good』とは言いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則な比較級: better, worse, more

正しい最上級の形を選びましょう。

This is ___ coffee I've ever had!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: the best
「Good」は不規則な形容詞で、その最上級形は「best」です。「the」をつけるのを忘れずにね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 不規則な最上級：最高、最悪など

文中の間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Learning Spanish is more harder than learning French.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Learning Spanish is harder than learning French.
「Hard」は1音節の形容詞なので、比較級の形は「harder」です。1音節の形容詞には「more」を使いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比較級: -er と more

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

2つのものを比べて「こっちの方が〜だ」と伝えるための形です。例えば、2人の身長を比べる時に taller を使います。 He is taller.
基本的には1音節の短い単語や、happy のように y で終わる単語に使います。
I am happier now.
主な目的は、2つの物、人、または行動を比較して、どちらが特定の性質をより多く持っているか、または行動をより高い程度で行うかを示すことです。例えば、「This car is faster than that one.」
基本的に1音節の形容詞や副詞（例: tall → taller, fast → faster）で使います。また、「-y」で終わる2音節の形容詞（例: happy → happier）でも使いますよ。
形容詞や副詞の比較級が、通常のように -er や 'more' をつけるルールに従わないことを意味します。代わりに、'good' が 'better' になるように、単語自体が完全に変化します。
'good' が不規則形容詞だからです。その比較級は英語の歴史の中で異なる発達を遂げたので、2つのものを比較するときは 'gooder' ではなく 'better' と言います。
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The Past: States and Regular Actions
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