infectado/a در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Adjective meaning 'infected'.
- Used for people, animals, places with pathogens.
- Agrees in gender and number with the noun.
The Spanish adjective infectado/a directly translates to 'infected' in English. It is used to describe a person, animal, or even a place that has been affected by a pathogen, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite. This term is quite common in everyday language, especially when discussing health, medicine, and hygiene. You'll hear it used in various contexts, from a doctor explaining a patient's condition to a friend warning about a contagious illness. The gender of the adjective changes depending on the noun it modifies: infectado for masculine nouns and infectada for feminine nouns.
- Usage Contexts
- Medical discussions: describing illnesses, wounds, or bodily fluids that contain pathogens.
- Public health warnings: alerting people to contagious diseases or contaminated areas.
- Everyday conversations: discussing minor ailments or precautions.
- Veterinary contexts: referring to sick animals.
La herida de Juan está infectada y necesita antibióticos.
El agua del grifo no debe consumirse porque podría estar infectada.
The word itself originates from the Latin word 'infectus', past participle of 'inficere', meaning 'to taint' or 'to corrupt'. This etymology highlights the negative connotation of something being contaminated or spoiled by harmful agents.
- Key Characteristics
- Describes the presence of harmful microorganisms.
- Can apply to living beings, objects, or environments.
- Carries a sense of being compromised or unhealthy.
In medical settings, it's crucial to understand this term. For instance, a doctor might say, 'Su ojo está infectado' (Your eye is infected), indicating the need for treatment. Similarly, public health announcements might warn about a body of water being infectada due to contamination.
Using infectado/a correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as an adjective and its semantic meaning. As an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. This means you'll use infectado for masculine singular nouns, infectada for feminine singular nouns, infectados for masculine plural nouns, and infectadas for feminine plural nouns.
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- The verb 'estar' (to be) is commonly used with infectado/a to describe a state or condition. For example, 'El paciente está infectado.' (The patient is infected.)
- If referring to multiple patients, it would be 'Los pacientes están infectados.' (The patients are infected.)
La comida estaba infectada por bacterias.
Los mosquitos infectados pueden transmitir enfermedades graves.
You can also use infectado/a after a noun, often when the infection is a key characteristic being described. For example, 'Tengo una nariz infectada.' (I have an infected nose.)
- Common Structures
- [Noun] + está/están + infectado/a/os/as.
- [Noun] + [verb] + [noun] + infectado/a/os/as.
- El/La/Los/Las + [noun] + infectado/a/os/as.
Consider the sentence: 'El sistema informático ha sido infectado por un virus.' (The computer system has been infected by a virus.) Here, infectado agrees with 'el sistema informático' (masculine singular).
In more technical contexts, such as biology or computer science, the meaning is precise. For biological infections, it refers to the invasion and multiplication of pathogens. For computer systems, it refers to the presence of malicious software like viruses or malware.
You'll encounter the word infectado/a in a wide array of situations, reflecting its common usage in Spanish-speaking cultures. One of the most frequent places is in medical consultations. Doctors, nurses, and patients will use it to describe conditions. For example, a doctor might tell a patient, 'Tu garganta está infectada, por eso te duele al tragar.' (Your throat is infected, that's why it hurts when you swallow.)
- Everyday Scenarios
- Pharmacies: Pharmacists might explain the use of medication for an infectado area.
- News reports: Public health warnings about outbreaks often use this term.
- Veterinary clinics: Discussions about animal health, like 'El perro tiene una oreja infectada.' (The dog has an infected ear.)
- Gardening discussions: Referring to diseased plants, such as 'Las rosas están infectadas por pulgones.' (The roses are infected with aphids.)
El médico dijo que mi dedo estaba infectado y necesitaba un tratamiento especial.
In more informal settings, friends might talk about a minor ailment. 'Creo que me he infectado el ojo con el cloro de la piscina.' (I think I infected my eye with the chlorine from the pool.) This usage is common, although technically it's the eye that is infected, not the person who infected it.
When discussing food safety, it's common to hear warnings like, 'No comas esa fruta, parece infectada.' (Don't eat that fruit, it looks infected.) This might refer to mold or decay, which can be a sign of microbial contamination.
The term is also used in discussions about hygiene and cleanliness. For instance, someone might say, 'Hay que lavar bien las manos para no quedar infectado.' (You have to wash your hands well to avoid getting infected.)
Learners of Spanish might make a few common mistakes when using infectado/a. The most frequent error is failing to correctly match the gender and number of the adjective with the noun it modifies. Spanish adjectives must agree, so this is a crucial point to remember.
- Gender and Number Agreement
- Incorrect: 'La herida está infectado.' (Should be infectada because 'herida' is feminine.)
- Correct: 'La herida está infectada.'
- Incorrect: 'Los animales están infectada.' (Should be infectados because 'animales' is masculine plural.)
- Correct: 'Los animales están infectados.'
A common mistake is using the masculine form infectado for all situations, regardless of the noun's gender.
Another potential pitfall is confusing the adjective infectado/a with the verb 'infectar' (to infect). While related, they serve different grammatical roles. For instance, saying 'El virus infectado la computadora' is incorrect; it should be 'El virus infectó la computadora' (The virus infected the computer) or 'La computadora está infectada' (The computer is infected).
- Verb vs. Adjective Confusion
- Incorrect: 'El mosquito infectado picó a mi perro.' (This implies the mosquito itself is in an infected state, which is less common than saying it transmitted an infection.)
- More common/precise: 'El mosquito infectó a mi perro.' (The mosquito infected my dog.) Or, if referring to the mosquito's capability: 'Ese tipo de mosquito está infectado con el virus del Nilo.' (That type of mosquito is infected with the Nile virus.)
Finally, some learners might overgeneralize the use of 'infectado' to situations where a milder term like 'sucio' (dirty) or 'contaminado' (contaminated) might be more appropriate, depending on the context. While 'infectado' implies the presence of living pathogens, 'contaminado' can refer to any harmful substance.
While infectado/a is a precise term for describing the presence of pathogens, several other Spanish words can be used depending on the nuance and context. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and help you express yourself more accurately.
- Contaminado/a
- Meaning: Contaminated. This is a broader term that can refer to the presence of any harmful substance, not just living organisms. It can be used for pollution, chemicals, or even something that is spoiled.
- Example: 'El río está contaminado por desechos industriales.' (The river is contaminated by industrial waste.) This doesn't necessarily mean it's infected with bacteria, but rather polluted.
- Contrast: Infectado implies living agents causing harm, whereas contaminado can be broader.
- Enfermo/a
- Meaning: Sick, ill. This is a general term for not feeling well. An infection often leads to being sick, but not all sickness is caused by infection.
- Example: 'Me siento enfermo hoy.' (I feel sick today.) This could be due to a cold, flu, or an infection.
- Contrast: Enfermo is the symptom or state, while infectado is a potential cause of the sickness.
- Putrefacto/a
- Meaning: Rotten, putrid. This term is used for organic matter that has decayed due to bacterial or fungal action, often accompanied by a foul smell.
- Example: 'La carne estaba putrefacta y tuvimos que tirarla.' (The meat was rotten and we had to throw it away.)
- Contrast: While decay involves microbial action, putrefacto specifically refers to the state of decay and decomposition, often with sensory indicators like smell, whereas infectado focuses on the presence of active pathogens.
A wound that is infectada might also be described as enferma (sick) or even showing signs of putrefacción if severe.
- Pestilente/a
- Meaning: Pestilent, noxious, foul-smelling. Often used to describe something that spreads disease or is very unpleasant due to its smell or nature.
- Example: 'El aire en esa zona era pestilente.' (The air in that area was pestilent.)
- Contrast: While an infection can make something pestilent, pestilente focuses more on the offensive odor and potential to cause disease rather than the specific mechanism of infection.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The Latin root 'facere' (to make, to do) is present in 'inficere'. So, literally, 'to make into' or 'to put into', in the sense of introducing something harmful.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 'd' too hard, like in 'dog'.
- Incorrect stress placement, e.g., stressing the first or second syllable.
- Not softening the 'd' sound between vowels.
سطح دشواری
The word itself is straightforward, but understanding the context (medical, technical) and ensuring correct gender/number agreement can present challenges for learners. Texts discussing health or biology will commonly use this term.
Accurate usage requires paying close attention to gender and number agreement with the noun. Confusing it with the verb 'infectar' is also a common pitfall.
Pronunciation is relatively simple, but correct application in spontaneous speech depends on mastering the agreement rules.
The pronunciation is not overly complex, and the context usually makes the meaning clear.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Adjective Agreement
El gato está infectado (masculine singular). La gata está infectada (feminine singular). Los gatos están infectados (masculine plural). Las gatas están infectadas (feminine plural).
Verb 'Estar' for States
Se usa 'estar' para describir el estado de estar infectado: 'Mi tobillo está infectado.'
Passive Voice with 'Ser'
El sistema fue infectado por un virus. (The system was infected by a virus.)
Subjunctive after Expressions of Doubt/Necessity
Es importante que el agua no esté infectada. (It is important that the water is not infected.)
Past Participle as Adjective
'Infectado/a' is the past participle of 'infectar' used as an adjective.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Mi dedo está infectado.
My finger is infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'dedo' (finger) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
La comida está infectada.
The food is infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'comida' (food) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used.
El perro está infectado.
The dog is infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'perro' (dog) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
La planta está infectada.
The plant is infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'planta' (plant) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used.
Tengo una herida infectada.
I have an infected wound.
Feminine singular agreement: 'herida' (wound) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used.
El agua está infectada.
The water is infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'agua' (water) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used.
El niño está infectado.
The child is infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'niño' (child) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
La casa está infectada.
The house is infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'casa' (house) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used.
El paciente tiene un ojo infectado.
The patient has an infected eye.
Masculine singular agreement: 'ojo' (eye) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
Las frutas están infectadas con moho.
The fruits are infected with mold.
Feminine plural agreement: 'frutas' (fruits) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is used.
Mi ordenador está infectado.
My computer is infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'ordenador' (computer) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
La garganta de María está infectada.
Maria's throat is infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'garganta' (throat) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used.
Los perros infectados pueden transmitir la enfermedad.
Infected dogs can transmit the disease.
Masculine plural agreement: 'perros' (dogs) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used.
La comida estaba infectada y no la comimos.
The food was infected and we didn't eat it.
Feminine singular agreement: 'comida' (food) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used. Past tense 'estaba'.
El sistema está infectado con un virus.
The system is infected with a virus.
Masculine singular agreement: 'sistema' (system) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
Las manos de los cocineros deben estar limpias, no infectadas.
The cooks' hands must be clean, not infected.
Feminine plural agreement: 'manos' (hands) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is used.
El médico sospecha que la herida está infectada.
The doctor suspects that the wound is infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'herida' (wound) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used. Use of subjunctive 'sospecha que... esté' is also possible but 'está' is common for direct suspicion.
Las aguas residuales infectadas son un peligro para el medio ambiente.
Infected wastewater is a danger to the environment.
Feminine plural agreement: 'aguas' (waters) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is used.
Un equipo de fútbol puede tener jugadores infectados con gripe.
A football team can have players infected with the flu.
Masculine plural agreement: 'jugadores' (players) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used.
La piel de la persona afectada se veía irritada y posiblemente infectada.
The affected person's skin looked irritated and possibly infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'piel' (skin) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used. 'Afectada' also agrees with 'persona' (feminine singular).
Los agricultores luchan contra cultivos infectados por plagas.
Farmers fight against crops infected by pests.
Masculine plural agreement: 'cultivos' (crops) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used.
Se encontró que el brote de la enfermedad se originó en un animal infectado.
The disease outbreak was found to have originated from an infected animal.
Masculine singular agreement: 'animal' (animal) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
Debemos asegurarnos de que el agua que bebemos no esté infectada.
We must ensure that the water we drink is not infected.
Feminine singular agreement: 'agua' (water) is feminine, so 'infectada' is used. Use of subjunctive 'esté' after 'asegurarnos de que'.
La zona de cuarentena tenía varias casas infectadas.
The quarantine zone had several infected houses.
Feminine plural agreement: 'casas' (houses) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is used.
Los científicos están investigando las cepas del virus que han infectado a la población.
Scientists are investigating the strains of the virus that have infected the population.
Feminine singular agreement: 'población' (population) is feminine, so 'infectado' is used (referring to the indirect object of 'infectado', the population).
La presencia de ciertos parásitos puede dejar el suelo infectado y no apto para el cultivo.
The presence of certain parasites can leave the soil infected and unfit for cultivation.
Masculine singular agreement: 'suelo' (soil) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
Se recomienda no tocar superficies que puedan estar infectadas en lugares públicos.
It is recommended not to touch surfaces that may be infected in public places.
Feminine plural agreement: 'superficies' (surfaces) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is used. Use of subjunctive 'estén' after 'puedan'.
Las aves migratorias a menudo portan patógenos que pueden dejar los ecosistemas acuáticos infectados.
Migratory birds often carry pathogens that can leave aquatic ecosystems infected.
Masculine plural agreement: 'ecosistemas' (ecosystems) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used.
Una vez que un ordenador está infectado con malware, su rendimiento se degrada significativamente.
Once a computer is infected with malware, its performance degrades significantly.
Masculine singular agreement: 'ordenador' (computer) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
Los brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por insectos suelen estar ligados a áreas con mosquitos infectados.
Outbreaks of insect-borne diseases are often linked to areas with infected mosquitoes.
Masculine plural agreement: 'mosquitos' (mosquitoes) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used.
La falta de higiene en la manipulación de alimentos puede resultar en productos infectados.
Lack of hygiene in food handling can result in infected products.
Masculine plural agreement: 'productos' (products) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used.
El tratamiento tardío de una infección bacteriana puede dejar el tejido circundante infectado.
Late treatment of a bacterial infection can leave the surrounding tissue infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'tejido' (tissue) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used.
La propagación de patógenos a través de superficies contaminadas es una preocupación constante en entornos hospitalarios, donde incluso el aire puede estar infectado.
The spread of pathogens through contaminated surfaces is a constant concern in hospital settings, where even the air can be infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'aire' (air) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used. Demonstrates complex sentence structure and vocabulary.
Los análisis revelaron que las muestras de agua recogidas en la zona rural presentaban niveles alarmantes de bacterias, indicando que el suministro estaba infectado.
Analyses revealed that the water samples collected in the rural area showed alarming levels of bacteria, indicating that the supply was infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'suministro' (supply) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used. Use of formal reporting language.
La resistencia a los antibióticos dificulta el tratamiento de infecciones que antes eran manejables, dejando a los pacientes con sistemas corporales severamente infectados.
Antibiotic resistance makes it difficult to treat infections that were once manageable, leaving patients with severely infected bodily systems.
Masculine plural agreement: 'sistemas' (systems) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used. Discusses a complex medical issue.
La deforestación y la caza furtiva han alterado los hábitats naturales, aumentando la probabilidad de que la fauna salvaje infectada transmita enfermedades a las poblaciones humanas.
Deforestation and poaching have altered natural habitats, increasing the probability that infected wildlife transmits diseases to human populations.
Feminine singular agreement: 'fauna' (wildlife) is feminine, so 'salvaje infectada' is used. Complex causal relationships are described.
Los expertos en ciberseguridad advierten que los dispositivos de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) son particularmente vulnerables a ser infectados por malware sofisticado.
Cybersecurity experts warn that Internet of Things (IoT) devices are particularly vulnerable to being infected by sophisticated malware.
Masculine singular agreement: 'dispositivos' (devices) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is implied by the passive construction 'ser infectados'. Discusses advanced technology and security.
Las malas prácticas agrícolas, como el uso de estiércol no tratado, pueden dejar los cultivos infectados con patógenos peligrosos para el consumo humano.
Poor agricultural practices, such as the use of untreated manure, can leave crops infected with pathogens dangerous for human consumption.
Masculine plural agreement: 'cultivos' (crops) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used. Focuses on specific agricultural issues.
La contaminación del suelo por metales pesados puede comprometer la salud de las plantas, dejándolas más susceptibles a ser infectadas por hongos oportunistas.
Soil contamination by heavy metals can compromise plant health, leaving them more susceptible to being infected by opportunistic fungi.
Masculine plural agreement: 'hongos' (fungi) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is implied by 'ser infectadas' (referring to 'plantas', feminine plural).
Se ha observado que las colonias de abejas, ya debilitadas por pesticidas, se vuelven más propensas a ser infectadas por el ácaro Varroa.
It has been observed that bee colonies, already weakened by pesticides, become more prone to being infected by the Varroa mite.
Feminine plural agreement: 'colonias' (colonies) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is implied by 'ser infectadas'. Discusses environmental and biological interactions.
La virulencia de ciertas cepas bacterianas ha llevado a la creación de protocolos de bioseguridad más estrictos para prevenir que los laboratorios de investigación de alto nivel queden infectados.
The virulence of certain bacterial strains has led to the creation of stricter biosafety protocols to prevent high-level research laboratories from becoming infected.
Masculine plural agreement: 'laboratorios' (laboratories) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is implied by 'queden infectados'. Uses advanced scientific terminology.
La metagenómica ha permitido identificar la compleja red de microorganismos que habitan en el intestino humano, distinguiendo entre simbiontes beneficiosos y aquellos que, en desequilibrio, pueden dejar el microbioma infectado.
Metagenomics has allowed the identification of the complex network of microorganisms inhabiting the human gut, distinguishing between beneficial symbionts and those that, in imbalance, can leave the microbiome infected.
Masculine singular agreement: 'microbioma' (microbiome) is masculine, so 'infectado' is used. Discusses advanced biological concepts.
La epidemiología molecular se enfoca en rastrear el origen y la diseminación de patógenos, determinando cómo ciertos vectores han infectado a poblaciones enteras.
Molecular epidemiology focuses on tracing the origin and dissemination of pathogens, determining how certain vectors have infected entire populations.
Feminine singular agreement: 'poblaciones' (populations) is feminine plural, so 'infectado' is used (referring to the indirect object of 'infectado', the populations). High-level scientific discourse.
El estudio de la resistencia antimicrobiana revela que las bacterias, al adaptarse a entornos hostiles, pueden desarrollar mecanismos que las vuelven intrínsecamente infectadas y difíciles de erradicar.
The study of antimicrobial resistance reveals that bacteria, by adapting to hostile environments, can develop mechanisms that make them intrinsically infected and difficult to eradicate.
Feminine plural agreement: 'bacterias' (bacteria) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is implied by 'intrínsecamente infectadas'. Deals with abstract biological processes.
La bioinformática juega un rol crucial en el análisis de genomas virales para predecir qué variantes tendrán mayor potencial de dejar a las células huésped infectadas.
Bioinformatics plays a crucial role in analyzing viral genomes to predict which variants will have a greater potential to leave host cells infected.
Feminine plural agreement: 'células' (cells) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is used. Connects computational science with biology.
La contaminación cruzada en la industria alimentaria es una amenaza latente que puede resultar en lotes enteros de productos quedando infectados por agentes patógenos.
Cross-contamination in the food industry is a latent threat that can result in entire batches of products becoming infected by pathogenic agents.
Masculine plural agreement: 'lotes' (batches) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is implied by 'quedando infectados'. Focuses on industrial safety and risk.
El estudio de la ecología de enfermedades emergentes examina cómo las interacciones entre especies y la degradación ambiental pueden crear nichos donde los reservorios infectados proliferan.
The study of emerging disease ecology examines how species interactions and environmental degradation can create niches where infected reservoirs proliferate.
Masculine plural agreement: 'reservorios' (reservoirs) is masculine plural, so 'infectados' is used. Advanced ecological and epidemiological concepts.
La secuenciación genómica de patógenos ha revelado patrones evolutivos que explican por qué ciertos virus desarrollan una afinidad particular por dejar las células humanas infectadas.
Genomic sequencing of pathogens has revealed evolutionary patterns that explain why certain viruses develop a particular affinity for leaving human cells infected.
Feminine plural agreement: 'células' (cells) is feminine plural, so 'infectadas' is used. Discusses evolutionary biology and virology.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— The throat is infected.
Me duele mucho, creo que la garganta está infectada.
— Infected animals.
Hay que vacunar a los animales contra los que están infectados.
— To be infected with (often implies a general state).
La ciudad estaba infectada de rumores.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
While related, 'infectar' is the verb meaning 'to infect', whereas 'infectado/a' is the adjective describing the state of being infected. Example: 'El virus infectó el ordenador' (The virus infected the computer) vs. 'El ordenador está infectado' (The computer is infected).
'Infestar' means to infest, typically with pests like insects or rodents. While an infestation can lead to infection, the terms are distinct. Example: 'La casa está infestada de ratones' (The house is infested with mice) vs. 'La herida está infectada' (The wound is infected).
'Contaminar' means to contaminate, which is broader than 'infectar'. Contamination can be by chemicals, pollutants, or pathogens. 'Infectado/a' specifically implies the presence of living microorganisms. Example: 'El agua está contaminada por químicos' (The water is contaminated by chemicals) vs. 'El agua está infectada por bacterias' (The water is infected by bacteria).
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— Literally 'to have bad grape', this idiom means to have a bad intention or to be malicious. While not directly related to medical infection, it implies a 'bad' or 'corrupted' nature.
Ese vendedor tiene mala uva, quiere engañarte.
Informal— Literally 'to be rotten', this can refer to physical decay but is also used figuratively to describe something or someone corrupted, unjust, or morally bankrupt. It shares the sense of being 'spoiled' or 'infected' in a broader sense.
La corrupción ha podrido las instituciones.
Neutral/Figurative— To spoil, to go bad. This is often used for food that becomes infected by bacteria or mold and is no longer edible.
La leche se echó a perder.
Neutral— Literally 'to have bad blood', this idiom means to have bad feelings or animosity towards someone. It implies a kind of emotional 'infection' or negativity between people.
Desde la discusión, tienen mala sangre.
Informal— To be infected with pessimism. This is a figurative use where 'infected' describes an overwhelming negative outlook.
El ambiente de la oficina estaba infectado de pesimismo.
Figurative— To be a plague. Used to describe something that is a widespread nuisance or problem, like pests or persistent issues.
Los mosquitos son una plaga en verano.
Neutral— Similar to 'tener mala uva', it means to have bad intentions or a nasty temper.
¡Cuidado con él, tiene mala leche!
Informal— To be 'infected' with ideas, meaning to be full of them or obsessed with them.
Su cabeza estaba infectada de ideas para el nuevo proyecto.
Figurative— A contagious disease. While 'infectado' describes the state, 'contagiosa' describes the nature of the disease itself.
La gripe es una enfermedad contagiosa.
Medical— To be in an infectious state. Similar to 'infectado', but emphasizes the ability to transmit the infection.
El paciente está en un estado infeccioso y debe permanecer aislado.
Medicalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both describe a negative state related to harmful agents.
Infectado/a specifically refers to invasion by living microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.) causing illness or damage. Contaminado/a is broader and can refer to any harmful substance, not necessarily living organisms.
El suelo está contaminado por metales pesados, pero no infectado. La herida está infectada por bacterias.
Both imply a negative state caused by external agents.
Infectado/a refers to biological or digital pathogens. Infestado/a refers to an overabundance of pests like insects or rodents. You can have an infested house without it being medically infected.
La casa está infestada de cucarachas. Mi brazo está infectado.
Both are adjectives describing a negative health condition.
Enfermo/a means 'sick' in a general sense; it's the resulting state of not feeling well. Infectado/a describes a specific cause of sickness: the presence of pathogens. You can be enfermo/a without being infectado/a (e.g., from stress), and you can be infectado/a but not feel very enfermo/a initially.
Me siento enfermo/a porque mi garganta está infectada.
Both relate to decay and spoilage.
Putrefacto/a describes decay and decomposition, often associated with a foul smell, typically of organic matter. Infectado/a refers to the presence of active pathogens that may or may not cause visible decay or smell immediately.
La carne estaba putrefacta. La herida estaba infectada.
Both relate to something being wrong or damaged.
Corrompido/a can refer to physical spoilage (like food) or figurative corruption (like morals or data). Infectado/a is specifically about biological or digital pathogens. A computer file can be 'corrompido', but a computer system is 'infectado' by a virus.
El archivo estaba corrompido. El ordenador está infectado.
الگوهای جملهسازی
El/La [noun] está infectado/a.
El dedo está infectado.
Tengo un/una [noun] infectado/a.
Tengo una herida infectada.
Los/Las [plural noun] están infectados/as.
Los cultivos están infectados.
Fue infectado/a por [agent].
Fue infectado por un virus.
Se recomienda no tocar [noun] que puedan estar infectados/as.
Se recomienda no tocar superficies que puedan estar infectadas.
Una vez que un [noun] está infectado/a, [consequence].
Una vez que un ordenador está infectado, su rendimiento baja.
La presencia de [noun] puede dejar [noun] infectado/a/os/as.
La presencia de parásitos puede dejar el suelo infectado.
[Noun] que tienen mayor potencial de dejar [noun] infectado/a/os/as.
Variantes que tienen mayor potencial de dejar las células infectadas.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High
-
Using 'infectado' for feminine nouns.
→
Using 'infectada' for feminine nouns.
Spanish adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. 'Herida' is feminine, so it should be 'herida infectada', not 'herida infectado'.
-
Using 'infectado' for plural nouns.
→
Using 'infectados' for masculine plural nouns and 'infectadas' for feminine plural nouns.
Agreement applies to number as well. 'Los dedos' (masculine plural) are 'infectados'. 'Las plantas' (feminine plural) are 'infectadas'.
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Confusing 'infectado/a' (adjective) with 'infectar' (verb).
→
Using 'infectar' for the action and 'infectado/a' for the state.
Example: 'El virus infectó el ordenador' (verb, action) vs. 'El ordenador está infectado' (adjective, state).
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Using 'infectado/a' when 'contaminado/a' is more appropriate.
→
Using 'infectado/a' for living pathogens and 'contaminado/a' for general pollution or harmful substances.
'Infectado/a' implies living agents like bacteria or viruses. 'Contaminado/a' is broader. Example: 'El agua está contaminada por químicos' vs. 'El agua está infectada por bacterias'.
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Incorrect pronunciation of the 'd'.
→
Softening the 'd' sound between vowels.
In 'infectado', the 'd' between 'e' and 'a' is often softened, sounding like the 'th' in 'this'. Hard 'd' sounds like in 'dog' are less common in this position.
نکات
Gender and Number Agreement is Key
Always remember to match 'infectado/a/os/as' to the gender and number of the noun it describes. This is the most crucial rule for correct usage.
Context Matters for Nuance
While 'infectado/a' is specific, consider alternatives like 'contaminado/a' or 'enfermo/a' if the context demands a slightly different meaning. 'Infectado/a' implies living agents.
Soften the 'd'
In Spanish, the 'd' sound between vowels, as in 'infectado', is often softened to sound like the 'th' in 'this' or 'that'. Practice this for a more native pronunciation.
Common in Tech and Health
You'll frequently hear 'infectado/a' in discussions about health issues (wounds, illnesses) and technology problems (computer viruses, malware).
Visual Associations Work Well
Create a strong mental image of something being visibly infected, perhaps with red swelling or visible germs, to help you recall the word and its meaning.
Sentence Building
Write your own sentences using 'infectado/a' in various contexts. Try to use it with different nouns and in different grammatical structures.
Latin Roots
Remembering the Latin root 'inficere' (to taint, corrupt) can help reinforce the meaning of something being spoiled or invaded by harmful agents.
Avoid Verb Confusion
Don't confuse the adjective 'infectado/a' with the verb 'infectar'. 'Infectado/a' describes a state, while 'infectar' describes the action of causing that state.
Health Awareness
Understanding 'infectado/a' is key to participating in conversations about health and hygiene, which are important topics in Spanish-speaking cultures.
Figurative Use
While less common, 'infectado/a' can sometimes be used figuratively, like 'infectado de pesimismo'. Be aware of this possibility in more literary or expressive contexts.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine an insect ('in-') that is 'fact'-checking your body. If it finds something wrong, it 'infects' you! So, 'in-fect-ado' means something is wrong because an insect 'fact-checked' and infected it.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a doctor holding a magnifying glass over a wound, pointing to tiny, angry-looking germs inside. The wound is visibly red and swollen, clearly 'infectada'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use 'infectado/a' in three sentences describing different scenarios: one about a person, one about an object, and one about an animal.
ریشه کلمه
The word 'infectado' comes from the Latin verb 'inficere', which means 'to taint', 'to corrupt', or 'to infect'. It is the past participle of this verb.
معنای اصلی: Tainted, corrupted, made impure.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Spanishبافت فرهنگی
When discussing infections, especially serious ones, it's important to be sensitive to the individual's condition and avoid stigmatizing language. While 'infectado/a' is a factual term, context and tone matter.
The English word 'infected' is a direct cognate, making the meaning straightforward. However, the grammatical agreement in Spanish is a key difference to master.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Medical Consultation
- ¿Cree que está infectado?
- La herida parece infectada.
- Necesito un antibiótico para la infección.
- Mi garganta está infectada.
Public Health Warnings
- El agua está infectada.
- No vaya a esa zona infectada.
- El brote ha infectado a muchas personas.
- Mantenga la higiene para no quedar infectado.
Technology/Computers
- Mi ordenador está infectado.
- Cuidado con ese enlace, puede estar infectado.
- El virus ha infectado el sistema.
- Necesito un antivirus para un equipo infectado.
Food Safety
- La comida está infectada.
- No comas eso, parece infectado.
- El producto estaba infectado.
- La manipulación puede dejarla infectada.
Animal Health
- El perro está infectado.
- Tiene una oreja infectada.
- Los animales infectados deben ser aislados.
- Cuidado con los insectos que infectan a los animales.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"¿Alguna vez has tenido una herida que se infectó?"
"¿Qué precauciones tomas para evitar que tus dispositivos electrónicos se infecten?"
"¿Has oído hablar de alguna enfermedad que esté infectando a muchas personas últimamente?"
"Si encontraras comida con moho, ¿la considerarías infectada y la tirarías?"
"¿Crees que es importante hablar de salud y de estar infectado para la prevención?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe una situación en la que tuviste que lidiar con algo infectado, ya sea una herida, un objeto o una idea. ¿Cómo lo manejaste?
Imagina que eres un médico. Escribe una nota para un paciente explicando que su condición es el resultado de una infección. Usa la palabra 'infectado/a'.
Piensa en un entorno (natural o artificial) que podría estar infectado. Describe cómo se vería y qué peligros representaría.
Reflexiona sobre la importancia de la higiene en la prevención de infecciones. ¿Qué hábitos personales crees que son más efectivos para evitar estar infectado?
Escribe un pequeño cuento donde un personaje se infecta con algo inusual (no necesariamente una enfermedad biológica, puede ser una idea, un miedo, etc.).
سوالات متداول
10 سوال'Infectado' is used when the noun it describes is masculine (e.g., 'el dedo infectado' - the infected finger). 'Infectada' is used when the noun is feminine (e.g., 'la herida infectada' - the infected wound). You must match the gender of the adjective to the noun.
Yes, absolutely. It's very common to say 'mi ordenador está infectado' (my computer is infected) or 'el sistema está infectado' (the system is infected) when talking about malware or viruses.
Yes, 'infectado/a' always carries a negative connotation, indicating a state of being compromised by harmful agents, whether biological or digital.
For masculine plural nouns, use 'infectados' (e.g., 'los perros infectados' - the infected dogs). For feminine plural nouns, use 'infectadas' (e.g., 'las plantas infectadas' - the infected plants).
'Enfermo/a' means 'sick' generally. 'Infectado/a' specifies that the sickness is caused by pathogens. You might be 'enfermo/a' from many causes, but you are 'infectado/a' due to an infection. For example, 'Me siento enfermo/a porque tengo una garganta infectada.'
'Infectado/a' implies the presence of living microorganisms like bacteria or viruses. 'Contaminado/a' is broader and can mean tainted or polluted by any harmful substance, not necessarily living organisms. For example, 'El agua está contaminada por químicos' vs. 'El agua está infectada por bacterias'.
Yes. It's commonly used for objects like computers ('ordenador infectado') or even data ('archivo infectado'). It can also be used for environments like water ('agua infectada') or soil ('suelo infectado') if they harbor pathogens.
The related verb is 'infectar', which means 'to infect'. 'Infectado/a' is the past participle of this verb used as an adjective.
Yes, 'mi ordenador está infectado' (my computer is infected) is a very common phrase. You might also hear 'el sistema está infectado'.
You use 'infectadas'. For example, 'Las frutas están infectadas' (The fruits are infected).
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Summary
In Spanish, 'infectado/a' is an adjective meaning 'infected'. It's crucial to match its gender and number to the noun it describes, such as 'el dedo infectado' (masculine) or 'la herida infectada' (feminine). It signifies the presence of harmful microorganisms.
- Adjective meaning 'infected'.
- Used for people, animals, places with pathogens.
- Agrees in gender and number with the noun.
Gender and Number Agreement is Key
Always remember to match 'infectado/a/os/as' to the gender and number of the noun it describes. This is the most crucial rule for correct usage.
Context Matters for Nuance
While 'infectado/a' is specific, consider alternatives like 'contaminado/a' or 'enfermo/a' if the context demands a slightly different meaning. 'Infectado/a' implies living agents.
Soften the 'd'
In Spanish, the 'd' sound between vowels, as in 'infectado', is often softened to sound like the 'th' in 'this' or 'that'. Practice this for a more native pronunciation.
Common in Tech and Health
You'll frequently hear 'infectado/a' in discussions about health issues (wounds, illnesses) and technology problems (computer viruses, malware).
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر health
abdomen
B1شکم بخشی از بدن است که بین قفسه سینه و لگن قرار دارد.
accidentarse
B1تصادف کردن.
adelgazar
A2To lose weight or become thinner.
además de
B1علاوه بر درس خواندن، او شبها کار میکند.
adicción
B1اعتیاد وضعیتی است که در آن فرد به یک ماده یا فعالیت وابسته میشود.
adicto
B1او معتاد به قهوه است.
adicto/a
B1فردی که وابستگی جسمی یا روانی به یک ماده یا فعالیت خاص دارد. 'او معتاد به شکلات است.'
adolorido
B1احساس درد یا کوفتگی در بدن.
afección
B1یک وضعیت پزشکی یا بیماری. 'او یک بیماری تنفسی (afección) دارد.'
afectivo
B1پیوند عاطفی بین مادر و کودک ضروری است.
