A2 Verb Tenses 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The -tt suffix is used to form the past tense for specific short-stem verbs ending in -t, -d, or -s.

  • Use -tt for short-stem verbs ending in -t, -d, or -s (e.g., fut -> futott).
  • Apply vowel harmony rules to the linking vowel before the -tt suffix.
  • The -tt suffix replaces the standard -t or -ott/-ett/-ött suffixes for these specific verbs.
Verb Stem + (linking vowel) + tt + Personal Suffix

Past Tense Conjugation for 'fut' (to run)

Person Affirmative Negative Interrogative
Én
futottam
nem futottam
futottam?
Te
futottál
nem futottál
futottál?
Ő
futott
nem futott
futott?
Mi
futottunk
nem futottunk
futottunk?
Ti
futottatok
nem futottatok
futottatok?
Ők
futottak
nem futottak
futottak?

Meanings

The -tt suffix is a specialized past tense marker used for a small group of high-frequency, short-stem verbs in Hungarian.

1

Past Action

Indicates an action completed in the past for specific short-stem verbs.

“Sokat futottam.”

“A gyerekek sütöttek.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Past Tense Suffix -tt
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + Vowel + tt + Ending
futottam
Negative
nem + Stem + Vowel + tt + Ending
nem futottam
Question
Stem + Vowel + tt + Ending + ?
futottam?
Short Answer (Yes)
Igen, [verb]
Igen, futottam.
Short Answer (No)
Nem, [verb]
Nem, nem futottam.
3rd Person Sing.
Stem + Vowel + tt
futott

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
A boltba futottam.

A boltba futottam. (Daily errand)

خنثی
Futottam a boltba.

Futottam a boltba. (Daily errand)

غیر رسمی
Elfutottam a boltba.

Elfutottam a boltba. (Daily errand)

عامیانه
Átsprinteltem a boltba.

Átsprinteltem a boltba. (Daily errand)

The -tt Verb Family

-tt Suffix

Verbs

  • fut run
  • süt bake
  • üt hit

Standard vs -tt Past Tense

Standard (-ott)
vár -> várt wait
Short-stem (-tt)
fut -> futott run

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Tegnap futottam.

I ran yesterday.

2

A nap sütött.

The sun shone.

3

Sokat aludtam.

I slept a lot.

4

Mit sütöttél?

What did you bake?

1

Nem futottam a busz után.

I didn't run after the bus.

2

A pék kenyeret sütött.

The baker baked bread.

3

A vonat elindult.

The train started.

4

Sokat nevettem a filmen.

I laughed a lot at the movie.

1

A gyerekek egész nap kint futottak.

The children ran outside all day.

2

A nagymamám finom süteményt sütött.

My grandmother baked a delicious cake.

3

A gép elindult a reptérről.

The plane departed from the airport.

4

Tegnap este korán aludtam.

I slept early last night.

1

A versenyző gyorsan futott a cél felé.

The competitor ran quickly toward the finish line.

2

A cég új stratégiát indított el.

The company launched a new strategy.

3

A sütőben a hús már megsült.

The meat has already baked in the oven.

4

A vita hevesen indult.

The debate started heatedly.

1

A projekt sikeresen indult el a múlt hónapban.

The project launched successfully last month.

2

A művész új stílust sütött ki magának.

The artist cooked up a new style for himself.

3

A futóversenyen mindenki gyorsan futott.

Everyone ran quickly in the race.

4

A kenyér tökéletesen sült meg.

The bread baked perfectly.

1

A történelmi események láncolata így indult el.

The chain of historical events started this way.

2

A költő új metaforákat sütött ki.

The poet cooked up new metaphors.

3

A sportoló a maratonon futott.

The athlete ran in the marathon.

4

A sütemény a kemencében sült.

The cake baked in the oven.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Past Tense Suffix -tt در مقابل Standard Past Tense (-ott/-ett/-ött)

Learners try to use this for all verbs.

Past Tense Suffix -tt در مقابل Present Tense

Mixing up present and past forms.

Past Tense Suffix -tt در مقابل Causative Verbs

Similar suffixes.

اشتباهات رایج

futottem

futottam

Wrong linking vowel for back-vowel verb.

futttam

futottam

Missing the linking vowel.

sütott

sütött

Wrong vowel harmony.

futdott

futott

Adding extra consonants.

aludt

aludott

Incorrect stem handling.

inditt

indított

Incorrect suffix.

futot

futott

Missing the double T.

sütöttem

sütöttem

Actually correct, but often confused with 'sütött'.

futottunk

futottunk

Correct, but often mispronounced.

indult

indult

Correct, but often confused with 'indított'.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Tegnap ___ a parkban.

A pék ___ kenyeret.

A vonat ___ a pályaudvarról.

Én ___ a projektet.

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

Ma sokat futottam!

Texting constant

Sütöttél valamit?

Job Interview occasional

A projektet elindítottam.

Travel common

A vonat elindult.

Food Delivery common

A pizza megsült.

Sports common

A versenyző futott.

💡

Check the stem

Always check if the verb is a short-stem verb before applying the -tt rule.
⚠️

Vowel Harmony

Don't forget to match the linking vowel to the stem's vowels.
🎯

Practice high-frequency verbs

Focus on 'fut', 'süt', and 'üt' first.
💬

Natural speech

Native speakers use these verbs constantly in casual conversation.

Smart Tips

Check if it's a -tt verb.

Vár -> Várött Vár -> Várt

Always add -am or -em.

Futott Futottam

Focus on the double T sound.

Futotam Futottam

Double check your vowel harmony.

Sütottem Sütöttem

تلفظ

fut-tott

Double T

Hold the 't' sound slightly longer than a single 't'.

Statement

Futottam. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'TT' as 'Time Travel'—these verbs travel back in time with a double T.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a runner (fut) wearing a shirt with two big T's on it, running into the past.

Rhyme

Short stem ends in T, D, or S, add -tt to pass the test.

Story

The baker (süt) ran (fut) to the store. He hit (üt) the door. All these actions happened in the past, so he used the -tt suffix for each one.

شبکه واژگان

futsütütaludindíthajt

چالش

Write 5 sentences about your morning using 'futottam' and 'aludtam'.

نکات فرهنگی

Baking (sütés) is a central part of Hungarian family life, especially on weekends.

The -tt suffix is a remnant of older Hungarian verbal morphology.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Mit sütöttél a hétvégén?

Hova futottál reggel?

Mikor indult el a vonatod?

Milyen projektet indítottál el?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about your morning jog.
Describe a cake you baked.
Write about a trip you started.
Describe a project you launched.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct past tense form.

Én ma sokat ___ (fut).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: futottam
Back-vowel verb requires 'o' linking vowel.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

A pék kenyeret ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sütött
3rd person singular for front-vowel verb.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Én futottem a parkban.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: futottam
Wrong linking vowel.
Transform to past tense. Sentence Transformation

A vonat elindul.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A vonat elindult.
3rd person singular past.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Mit sütöttél? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sütöttem tortát.
1st person singular response.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

én / futni / tegnap

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tegnap futottam.
Correct person and tense.
Sort the verbs. Grammar Sorting

Which verbs use -tt?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fut, süt, üt
These are the short-stem verbs.
Match the verb to its past form. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: futott
3rd person singular.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct past tense form.

Én ma sokat ___ (fut).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: futottam
Back-vowel verb requires 'o' linking vowel.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

A pék kenyeret ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sütött
3rd person singular for front-vowel verb.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Én futottem a parkban.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: futottam
Wrong linking vowel.
Transform to past tense. Sentence Transformation

A vonat elindul.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A vonat elindult.
3rd person singular past.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Mit sütöttél? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sütöttem tortát.
1st person singular response.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

én / futni / tegnap

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tegnap futottam.
Correct person and tense.
Sort the verbs. Grammar Sorting

Which verbs use -tt?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fut, süt, üt
These are the short-stem verbs.
Match the verb to its past form. جفت کردن

fut - ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: futott
3rd person singular.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

They are short-stem verbs ending in -t, -d, or -s.

Usually one syllable and ends in -t, -d, or -s.

Yes, always.

No, only for specific short-stem verbs.

Yes, very.

Add 'nem' before the verb.

Standard verbs use -ott/-ett/-ött.

Some verbs are truly irregular.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

Pretérito indefinido

Hungarian vowel harmony is unique.

French low

Passé composé

Hungarian uses suffixes.

German low

Präteritum

Hungarian is agglutinative.

Japanese partial

Ta-form

Japanese is not agglutinative in the same way.

Arabic low

Perfective aspect

Arabic is non-concatenative.

Chinese none

Le particle

Chinese has no verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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