増殖 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 増殖 (Zoushoku) means proliferation or multiplication, focusing on self-replication of cells, bacteria, or digital viruses.
- It is a formal term (noun/suru-verb) used in science, medicine, IT, and economics rather than daily casual talk.
- Unlike general 'increase' (増加), it implies the subject itself is creating new copies, leading to rapid growth.
- Commonly paired with words like 'cell' (細胞), 'bacteria' (細菌), and 'suppress' (抑える) in professional contexts.
The term 増殖 (Zoushoku) is a sophisticated Japanese noun and Suru-verb that primarily describes the rapid multiplication or proliferation of entities. At its core, it combines the kanji 増 (Zou), meaning 'increase' or 'add,' with 殖 (Shoku), meaning 'augment' or 'multiply.' Unlike simple addition (増加 - Zouka), 増殖 implies a process where the existing units generate new units, leading to exponential or repetitive growth. This is most commonly observed in biological contexts, such as the division of cells or the spread of bacteria, where one becomes two, two become four, and so on. In the modern digital age, it is also frequently used to describe the self-replicating nature of computer viruses or the rapid spread of data across networks.
- Biological Context
- Used to describe cell division (細胞分裂) and the growth of organisms like yeast or mold. It focuses on the internal mechanism of reproduction.
- Digital Context
- Refers to malware or viruses that copy themselves to infect other systems without human intervention.
- Economic Context
- Describes capital that generates more capital, often referred to as 'self-multiplying capital' (自己増殖する資本).
「実験室でがん細胞が急激に増殖している。」 (Cancer cells are proliferating rapidly in the laboratory.)
Understanding the nuance of 増殖 requires recognizing that it is not just about 'more' of something, but about the 'reproduction' of that thing. For example, if you add more water to a glass, that is 増加 (increase). However, if a single bacterium in that water splits into millions, that is 増殖 (proliferation). This distinction is vital for scientific and technical communication in Japanese. The word carries a sense of autonomy; the subject itself is usually the driver of the growth. Whether it is a plant's cells or a rumor spreading on social media, the essence of 増殖 is the inherent ability to replicate and expand.
「コンピューターウイルスがネットワーク内で増殖した。」 (The computer virus multiplied within the network.)
- Visual Image
- Imagine a petri dish where a small dot slowly expands to cover the entire surface. That expansion through division is the perfect visual for this word.
「この植物は、湿った環境で急速に増殖する。」 (This plant proliferates rapidly in damp environments.)
「資本は利子を生み、自己増殖を続ける。」 (Capital generates interest and continues its self-multiplication.)
「プランクトンの増殖が海の色を変えた。」 (The proliferation of plankton changed the color of the sea.)
- Abstract Usage
- Sometimes used for the spread of ideas or negative habits that seem to 'breed' more of themselves.
Using 増殖 (Zoushoku) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its flexibility as a Suru-verb (増殖する). It is primarily used in formal, scientific, or technical contexts. You will rarely hear it in casual daily conversation unless the topic is specific, like gardening, health, or technology. To use it effectively, follow these patterns: [Subject] + が + 増殖する (Something proliferates) or [Subject] + の + 増殖 (The proliferation of something).
- Biological Subjects: Use it with cells (細胞), bacteria (細菌), viruses (ウイルス), or algae (藻類). Example: 「乳酸菌が増殖する」 (Lactic acid bacteria multiply).
- Digital Subjects: Use it with malware or data. Example: 「不正なプログラムが増殖している」 (Malicious programs are multiplying).
- Economic Subjects: Use it with capital (資本) or assets (資産) in a theoretical sense.
When describing the speed of proliferation, common adverbs include 急激に (kyuugeki ni - rapidly), 爆発的に (bakuhatsuteki ni - explosively), or じわじわと (jiwajiwa to - gradually). For instance, 「ウイルスが爆発的に増殖した」 conveys a sense of an uncontrollable outbreak. It is also important to note that 増殖 is often used in the passive voice in medical contexts, such as 「増殖が抑えられている」 (Proliferation is being suppressed), referring to treatments for diseases.
In terms of collocations, you will often see it paired with verbs like 抑える (osaeru - to suppress), 促す (unagasu - to promote), or 止める (tomeru - to stop). For example, 「細胞の増殖を抑える薬」 (Medicine that suppresses cell proliferation). This is a standard phrase in pharmacology. In a more metaphorical sense, you might see it in literature to describe the 'proliferation' of shadows or silence, though this is rare and highly stylistic. The key is the 'self-generating' nature of the growth. If the growth is coming from an external source adding more, use 増加 instead.
You will encounter 増殖 (Zoushoku) in several specific environments. The most common is in scientific and medical news. If there is a report on a new virus or a breakthrough in cancer research, the word 増殖 will appear frequently to describe how the cells or pathogens are behaving. News anchors will say things like 「ウイルスの増殖が確認されました」 (The multiplication of the virus has been confirmed). This sets a serious, clinical tone.
Another common place is in IT and cybersecurity. When discussing computer viruses, worms, or trojans, technical experts use 増殖 to explain how the infection spreads across a network. If you work in tech in Japan, or read Japanese tech blogs like Qiita or Zenn, you will see this word in the context of security threats or even in discussions about 'self-replicating' code in advanced AI or cellular automata (like Conway's Game of Life).
In nature documentaries and educational programs (like NHK's science specials), 増殖 is used to describe the blooming of plankton in the ocean or the growth of fungi in a forest. It provides a more precise description than just saying things are 'increasing.' It tells the viewer that the organisms are actively reproducing. You might also hear it in science fiction anime or movies. If a monster or an alien organism is taking over a city by splitting and growing, the characters will scream about its 'abnormal proliferation' (異常な増殖).
Lastly, you may find it in academic textbooks ranging from middle school biology to university-level economics. In economics, it appears in discussions of Marxian theory regarding the 'self-valorization' or 'self-multiplication' of capital. While this is a niche academic use, it demonstrates the word's versatility in describing systems that grow from within.
The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing 増殖 (Zoushoku) with 増加 (Zouka). While both mean 'increase,' their usage is strictly different. 増加 is a general term for any increase in quantity, such as the number of students in a class or the price of apples. You cannot say 「りんごの値段が増殖した」 (The price of apples proliferated) because prices don't reproduce themselves; they are raised by external factors. Use 増殖 only when the subject is creating more of itself.
Another common confusion is with 繁殖 (Hanshoku). 繁殖 specifically refers to the breeding of animals or plants. While 増殖 can be used for plants and microorganisms, 繁殖 is the preferred term for higher organisms like animals, birds, or pets. For example, you would say 「ウサギが繁殖する」 (Rabbits breed/reproduce), but you would not typically say 「ウサギが増殖する」 unless you are describing them in a scientific, almost clinical way (like in a lab setting) or if they are spreading like a plague in a sci-fi context.
Learners also sometimes use 増殖 when they mean 拡大 (Kakudai), which means 'expansion' in size or scale. If a company is opening more branches, that is 拡大, not 増殖. If a photo is being enlarged, that is also 拡大. 増殖 is strictly about numerical increase through replication. Finally, be careful with the kanji. The second kanji 殖 (Shoku) is often confused with 植 (Shoku - to plant). While they sound the same, 植 is for planting trees (植樹), while 殖 is for multiplying/breeding. Remember that 殖 has the 'death/bone' radical (歹) on the left, which ironically is part of words related to life cycles and reproduction in this context.
To truly master 増殖 (Zoushoku), it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance that dictates its use in Japanese society.
- 繁殖 (Hanshoku): As mentioned, this is 'breeding' or 'reproduction.' It is used for animals and plants. It carries a more 'natural' and 'biological' feel than the clinical 増殖.
- 蔓延 (Man'en): This means 'spread' or 'rampancy,' usually for something negative like a disease, a bad rumor, or corruption. While 増殖 focuses on the growth process, 蔓延 focuses on the wide area the growth has covered.
- 増大 (Zoudai): This means 'enlargement' or 'increase' in power, influence, or volume. It is often used for abstract things like 'pressure' (圧力の増大) or 'influence' (影響力の増大).
- 普及 (Fukyuu): This means 'diffusion' or 'becoming popular.' It is used for technology, ideas, or products. For example, 「スマートフォンの普及」 (The spread of smartphones). This is not about replication, but about more people adopting something.
- 激増 (Gekizou): A sudden, sharp increase. This is a more dramatic version of 増加. It doesn't imply replication, just a very fast rise in numbers.
Choosing the right word depends on what is increasing and how it is doing so. If it's cells in a lab, use 増殖. If it's rabbits in a field, use 繁殖. If it's a flu in a city, use 蔓延. If it's the number of tourists, use 増加 or 激増. Understanding these distinctions will make your Japanese sound much more natural and precise.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
~によって (By means of/Due to)
~を抑える (To suppress/hold back)
~一途をたどる (To continue to move in one direction)
~恐れがある (There is a risk that)
~に伴い (Along with/As a result of)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
ばいきんがふえて、ぞうしょくします。
The germs increase and multiply.
Simple present tense with Hiragana for easier reading.
この草はすぐに増殖します。
This grass multiplies quickly.
Subject + ga + Zoushoku shimasu.
小さな細胞が増殖しています。
Small cells are multiplying.
Te-iru form for ongoing action.
ウイルスが増殖すると病気になります。
When viruses multiply, you get sick.
Conditional 'to' (if/when).
カビが増殖して、パンが黒くなりました。
The mold multiplied, and the bread turned black.
Te-form to show cause and effect.
プランクトンが増殖して、海が赤いです。
Plankton multiplied, and the sea is red.
Describing a natural phenomenon.
このアプリでデータが増殖します。
Data multiplies with this app.
Using 'de' for means/tool.
増殖は「ふえる」という意味です。
Zoushoku means 'to increase'.
Defining a word using 'to iu imi desu'.
顕微鏡で細菌の増殖を見ました。
I saw the multiplication of bacteria through a microscope.
Object + no + Zoushoku.
冬はウイルスが増殖しやすいです。
Viruses multiply easily in winter.
Verb stem + yasui (easy to).
薬を飲んで、菌の増殖を止めます。
Take medicine to stop the multiplication of bacteria.
Te-form for purpose/sequence.
この池では藻が急激に増殖しています。
Algae is proliferating rapidly in this pond.
Adverb 'kyuugeki ni' (rapidly).
コンピューターウイルスが増殖して、パソコンが壊れました。
The computer virus multiplied and the PC broke.
Cause and effect sequence.
細胞の増殖は生命にとって大切です。
Cell proliferation is important for life.
Topic marker 'wa' with an abstract concept.
がん細胞が増殖する仕組みを勉強します。
I will study the mechanism by which cancer cells multiply.
Noun modification (Zoushoku suru shikumi).
湿気が多いと、カビの増殖が早くなります。
When it's humid, mold multiplies faster.
Conditional 'to' + comparative 'hayaku naru'.
この抗生物質は細菌の増殖を抑制する効果がある。
This antibiotic has the effect of inhibiting bacterial proliferation.
Formal verb 'yokusei suru' (inhibit).
ネット上のデマは、まるでウイルスのように増殖していく。
False rumors on the internet multiply just like a virus.
Simile 'maru de ... no you ni'.
酵母菌が増殖することで、パンが膨らみます。
Bread rises because yeast bacteria multiply.
Koto de (by means of/due to).
不衛生な環境では、害虫が爆発的に増殖する恐れがある。
In unsanitary environments, there is a risk that pests will multiply explosively.
Osore ga aru (there is a fear/risk that).
研究者は、その細胞がどのように増殖するかを観察した。
The researcher observed how those cells proliferate.
Embedded question 'dou ... ka'.
この植物は地下茎によって増殖する性質を持っている。
This plant has the characteristic of multiplying via rhizomes.
Niyotte (by means of).
データの自己増殖を防ぐために、セキュリティを強化した。
In order to prevent the self-multiplication of data, we strengthened security.
Tame ni (in order to).
プランクトンの異常増殖が赤潮の原因となった。
The abnormal proliferation of plankton caused the red tide.
Compound noun 'ijou-zoushoku'.
がん治療の鍵は、がん細胞の無秩序な増殖をいかに抑えるかにある。
The key to cancer treatment lies in how to suppress the disordered proliferation of cancer cells.
Formal structure 'ni aru' (lies in).
SNSの普及により、個人の意見が瞬時に増殖し、世論を形成するようになった。
With the spread of SNS, individual opinions multiply instantly and have come to form public opinion.
Noun + ni yori (due to/through).
その細菌は、特定の温度条件下で最も活発に増殖することが分かった。
It was found that the bacteria proliferate most actively under specific temperature conditions.
Condition 'jouken-ka de'.
自己増殖型のコンピュータープログラムは、サイバー攻撃において脅威となる。
Self-replicating computer programs pose a threat in cyberattacks.
Adjectival form 'Zoushoku-gata' (multiplication-type).
都市部では、空き家が負の遺産として増殖し続けている。
In urban areas, vacant houses continue to multiply as a negative legacy.
V-stem + tsuzukeru (continue to).
バイオテクノロジーの進歩により、有用な微生物の効率的な増殖が可能になった。
Advances in biotechnology have made the efficient proliferation of useful microorganisms possible.
Potential form 'kanou ni natta'.
この投資信託は、複利効果によって資産が自己増殖することを目指している。
This investment trust aims for assets to self-multiply through the compound interest effect.
Mezashite iru (aiming for).
皮膚の細胞が増殖を繰り返すことで、傷口が塞がっていく。
As skin cells repeatedly multiply, the wound gradually closes.
V-stem + kurikaesu (repeat).
資本主義経済において、資本は絶え間ない自己増殖を宿命づけられている。
In a capitalist economy, capital is destined for constant self-multiplication.
Passive form 'shukumeizukerarete iru' (is destined to).
情報の無制限な増殖は、真実を見極めることを困難にしている。
The unrestricted proliferation of information makes it difficult to discern the truth.
Object + o + adjective-ku + suru (make something ...).
その新種のウイルスは、既存のワクチンを回避しながら増殖する能力を持っていた。
The new strain of virus had the ability to multiply while evading existing vaccines.
Nagara (while) + noun modification.
細胞増殖因子（グロースファクター）の研究は、再生医療の分野で不可欠である。
Research on cell growth factors is indispensable in the field of regenerative medicine.
Technical term 'Zoushoku inshi'.
現代社会における不安の増殖は、コミュニティの希薄化と密接に関係している。
The proliferation of anxiety in modern society is closely related to the thinning of communities.
Missetsu ni kankei shite iru (closely related).
アルゴリズムによって増殖するフェイクニュースが、民主主義の根幹を揺るがしている。
Fake news proliferating via algorithms is shaking the foundations of democracy.
Noun modification with passive nuance.
この培養液は、特定の幹細胞のみを選択的に増殖させる機能を持つ。
This culture medium has the function of selectively proliferating only specific stem cells.
Causative form 'zoushoku saseru' (make/let multiply).
都市の無計画な増殖、いわゆるスプロール現象が環境破壊を招いている。
The unplanned proliferation of cities, the so-called sprawl phenomenon, is leading to environmental destruction.
Apposition 'iwayuru' (so-called).
ポスト真実の時代において、言説は客観的事実を離れ、情動を糧に自己増殖する。
In the post-truth era, discourse detaches from objective facts and self-multiplies, feeding on emotion.
Metaphorical usage with 'kate ni' (as food/fuel).
テロリズムの温床となる貧困と格差が放置される限り、過激思想の増殖を食い止めることはできない。
As long as the poverty and inequality that serve as hotbeds for terrorism are left unaddressed, the proliferation of extremist ideologies cannot be stopped.
Kagiri (as long as) + potential negative.
この哲学論文は、言語そのものが持つ自己増殖的な論理の限界を鋭く指摘している。
This philosophical paper sharply points out the limits of the self-proliferating logic inherent in language itself.
Adjectival suffix '-teki' (proliferative-like).
癌の転移とは、原発巣から離脱した細胞が遠隔部位で再び増殖を開始するプロセスである。
Cancer metastasis is the process in which cells that have detached from the primary tumor begin to proliferate again at a remote site.
Definition structure '... to wa ... de aru'.
デジタル・アーカイブの増殖は、人類の記憶の保存という崇高な目的の一方で、忘却の権利を脅かしている。
The proliferation of digital archives, while serving the noble purpose of preserving human memory, also threatens the right to be forgotten.
Ippou de (on the other hand).
金融市場におけるバブルの発生は、投機的な資金が自己増殖を繰り返した果ての必然的帰結であった。
The occurrence of a bubble in the financial market was the inevitable consequence of speculative funds repeatedly self-multiplying.
Hate no (at the end of/after).
ミームの増殖速度は、その情報の真偽よりも、共有される際の情動的インパクトに依存する。
The proliferation speed of a meme depends more on its emotional impact when shared than on the truth or falsehood of the information.
Izon suru (depends on).
ナノマシンの自己増殖が制御不能に陥る「グレイ・グー」シナリオは、科学技術への警鐘を鳴らしている。
The 'Grey Goo' scenario, where the self-multiplication of nanomachines falls out of control, sounds an alarm for science and technology.
Keishou o narasu (sound an alarm).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
General increase vs. self-replication.
Breeding of animals/plants vs. clinical proliferation.
Spread over an area vs. increase in number.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
Carries a slightly clinical or technical 'cold' feeling.
Do not use for human population growth (use 人口増加).
- Using it for human population.
- Using it for price increases.
- Confusing with '繁殖' for pets.
- Writing '増植' instead of '増殖'.
- Using it for 'increasing' skills.
نکات
Scientific Precision
Use this word when you want to sound like a scientist or a technical expert. It shows you understand the mechanism of growth.
Kanji Accuracy
Be careful not to write '増植' (planting). The correct '殖' means multiplication. Think of 'reproduction' (生殖).
Context Matters
If you use this for 'money' in a casual chat, people might think you're joking about your money having babies.
News Keyword
When you see this in a headline, expect the story to be about health, a virus, or a computer security threat.
The 'Zou' Connection
Connect it to 'Zouka' (increase). They share the same first kanji, so you already know half the word!
Suru-Verb Power
Remember it's a Suru-verb. You can say 'Zoushoku shite iru' to describe something currently multiplying.
Synonym Choice
Choose 'Hanshoku' for cute animals and 'Zoushoku' for scary bacteria.
Food Safety
Look for this word on Japanese food labels or cleaning products; it usually refers to stopping germs.
Pitch Accent
It's a flat (Heiban) word. Keep your voice steady across all four syllables: Zo-u-sho-ku.
Metaphorical Use
Try using it to describe the 'proliferation' of digital data to sound like a C1-level speaker.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
بافت فرهنگی
Japanese food packaging often mentions 'inhibiting bacterial proliferation' (菌の増殖を抑える).
In anime, monsters that can regenerate or split are often described as having 'high zoushoku capability'.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"「最近、この植物がすごい勢いで増殖しているんだけど、どうすればいい？」 (This plant is multiplying like crazy lately, what should I do?)"
"「コンピューターウイルスの増殖を防ぐには、どのソフトがいいですか？」 (Which software is good for preventing the multiplication of computer viruses?)"
"「乳酸菌が増殖しやすい温度って知ってる？」 (Do you know the temperature at which lactic acid bacteria multiply easily?)"
"「がん細胞の増殖を抑える新しい技術について聞いたことある？」 (Have you heard about the new technology to suppress cancer cell proliferation?)"
"「SNSでデマが増殖するのを止めるのは難しいよね。」 (It's hard to stop rumors from proliferating on SNS, isn't it?)"
موضوعات نگارش
Write about a time you saw mold or plants 'zoushoku' in your house.
Discuss the dangers of digital viruses 'zoushoku' in modern society.
Imagine a future where nanomachines 'zoushoku' uncontrollably. What happens?
Reflect on how your Japanese vocabulary is 'zoushoku' (multiplying) every day.
Write a short science fiction story using the word '増殖'.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالTechnically, in economic theory, you can talk about 'capital self-multiplication.' However, for a personal bank account, '増加' (increase) or '増える' (fueru) is much more natural. '増殖' sounds like your money is alive and breeding.
No. While often used for cancer or viruses, it is also used for 'good' bacteria (like in yogurt) or the healthy proliferation of skin cells during healing. It is a neutral scientific term.
'繁殖' (Hanshoku) is specifically for the natural breeding of animals and plants. '増殖' (Zoushoku) is more clinical and used for microorganisms, cells, or digital data.
Yes, metaphorically. You can say 'デマが増殖する' (rumors proliferate) to imply that one rumor is spawning many more versions of itself.
It is common in news, science, and technical fields, but not in casual daily talk like 'I want to increase my friends.'
The first kanji '増' is 'increase.' The second '殖' has the 'death' radical (歹), which is often used in words about life cycles and reproduction (like 'Seishoku').
Yes, it is a Suru-verb. '増殖する' (to proliferate).
Yes, it typically appears in N2 or N1 level reading and vocabulary sections.
It means 'self-multiplication' or 'self-replication.' It is used for things that copy themselves without outside help.
Yes, especially in a scientific context (e.g., 'the proliferation of algae'). For gardening, '繁殖' or '増える' is more common.
خودت رو بسنج 194 سوال
/ 194 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
増殖 is the go-to Japanese word for 'multiplication through replication.' Use it for biological growth (cells, bacteria), digital spread (viruses), or economic theories (capital). It sounds professional and precise, distinguishing itself from the generic 'increase' (増加) by highlighting the internal mechanism of growth.
- 増殖 (Zoushoku) means proliferation or multiplication, focusing on self-replication of cells, bacteria, or digital viruses.
- It is a formal term (noun/suru-verb) used in science, medicine, IT, and economics rather than daily casual talk.
- Unlike general 'increase' (増加), it implies the subject itself is creating new copies, leading to rapid growth.
- Commonly paired with words like 'cell' (細胞), 'bacteria' (細菌), and 'suppress' (抑える) in professional contexts.
Scientific Precision
Use this word when you want to sound like a scientist or a technical expert. It shows you understand the mechanism of growth.
Kanji Accuracy
Be careful not to write '増植' (planting). The correct '殖' means multiplication. Think of 'reproduction' (生殖).
Context Matters
If you use this for 'money' in a casual chat, people might think you're joking about your money having babies.
News Keyword
When you see this in a headline, expect the story to be about health, a virus, or a computer security threat.
مثال
細菌が増殖します。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر Science
吸収
A1عمل جذب کردن یا مکیدن چیزی، مانند مایع، نور یا دانش. این کلمه هم فرآیندهای فیزیکی و هم استعارهای را توصیف میکند.
分析
B1تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها روندهای غیرمنتظره ای را نشان داد.
原子
A1اتم واحد اصلی سازنده تمام مواد است. این کوچکترین واحد یک عنصر شیمیایی است.
引力
A1این نیروی فیزیکی است که اشیاء را به سمت یکدیگر می کشد. همچنین برای توصیف یک جذابیت قدرتمند استفاده می شود.
細菌
A1موجودات تکسلولی میکروسکوپی که در همه جا یافت میشوند. برخی بیماریزا و بسیاری مفید هستند.
繁殖
A1تولید مثل یا تکثیر حیوانات، گیاهان یا میکروارگانیسمها. این اصطلاح برای انسانها استفاده نمیشود.
炭素
A1کربن یک عنصر شیمیایی است که پایه و اساس زندگی محسوب میشود. در موادی مانند زغال و الماس یافت میشود.
触媒
A1کاتالیزور. مادهای که واکنش شیمیایی را تسریع میکند، یا شخص/چیزی که باعث تغییر سریع میشود.
塩素
A1کلر یک عنصر شیمیایی است که برای ضدعفونی کردن آب و ساختن سفیدکننده استفاده میشود.
解明
A1روشنسازی، کشف. عمل حل یک معما یا روشن کردن یک مشکل پیچیده.
