A0 · نقطه صفر فصل 4

Survival Essentials

4 مجموع قواعد
40 مثال‌ها
1 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the essential tools to navigate daily life and express basic needs in Russian.

  • Identify locations and objects using basic question words.
  • Count items from one to ten confidently.
  • State your possessions and negate statements with ease.
Unlock the keys to survival and simple interaction.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Basic phrases for asking directions, prices, and personal needs. Focus on functional communication in a Russian-speaking environment.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Ask where something is and identify it using 'Где' and 'Что'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Count quantities and express what you have.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

Где мой телефон?

Where is my phone?

پرسیدن 'کجا' و 'چی' (Где و Что)
2

Что это?

What is this?

پرسیدن 'کجا' و 'چی' (Где و Что)
3

У меня один кот.

I have one cat.

اعداد روسی ۱-۱۰: شمارش تا ده (один تا десять)
4

Одна пицца, пожалуйста.

One pizza, please.

اعداد روسی ۱-۱۰: شمارش تا ده (один تا десять)
5

— Ты хочешь пиццу? — Нет, спасибо.

— Do you want pizza? — No, thanks.

گفتن «نه» در زبان روسی (Нет)
6

Меня сейчас нет дома.

I am not home right now.

گفتن «نه» در زبان روسی (Нет)
7

У меня есть кофе.

I have coffee.

بیان وجود: 'من دارم' (U menya yest')
8

У тебя есть зарядка?

Do you have a charger?

بیان وجود: 'من دارم' (U menya yest')

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

The 'Shto' Secret

Always pronounce 'Что' with a 'Sh' sound. Saying 'Chto' is the quickest way to out yourself as a beginner reading from a textbook.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن 'کجا' و 'چی' (Где و Что)
💡

The 'Raz' Trick

When counting 1, 2, 3 for a photo or a race, Russians almost always say 'раз' (raz) instead of 'один'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد روسی ۱-۱۰: شمارش تا ده (один تا десять)
💡

The 'Nyet' Myth

Don't over-emphasize the 'y'. It's not 'Nee-yet'. It's one syllable, like 'net' but with a very soft 'n'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن «نه» در زبان روسی (Нет)
🎯

The 'N' Rule

Always add an 'n' to 'ego', 'eyo', and 'ikh' when they follow 'u'. It becomes 'nego', 'neyo', and 'nikh'. It makes you sound native!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: بیان وجود: 'من دارم' (U menya yest')

واژگان کلیدی (6)

Где Where Что What Один One Десять Ten Нет No У меня есть I have

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Где/Что + [noun]?
  • 1 (один), 2 (два)... 10 (десять)
  • Нет + [phrase]
  • У меня есть + [noun]

اشتباهات رایج

Russian doesn't use 'have' as a direct verb. Use the 'At me there is' structure instead.

Wrong: Я имею яблоко
صحیح: У меня есть яблоко

Do not mix question words. 'Что' is for objects, 'Где' is for place.

Wrong: Где это что?
صحیح: Что это?

When negating possession, the structure changes to 'At me there is not'.

Wrong: Нет я имею
صحیح: У меня нет

Next Steps

You have conquered the basics! Keep practicing, and you will be fluent in no time.

Label items in your house with Russian sticky notes.

Continue to: Time & Place — Where and When

تمرین سریع (10)

Fill in the correct word for 'No'.

— Ты любишь суши? — ___, я не люблю рыбу.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Нет
We use Нет as a standalone answer to a question. Не would be used before the verb люблю.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن «نه» در زبان روسی (Нет)

Which sentence correctly says 'She has a cat'?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У неё есть кошка.
We use 'u' + genitive pronoun 'neyo' (with the 'n' added after a preposition).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: بیان وجود: 'من دارم' (U menya yest')

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я нет знаю, где мой ключ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я не знаю, где мой ключ.
You cannot use нет before a verb. Use не to say 'don't'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن «نه» در زبان روسی (Нет)

Find the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я есть машина.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня есть машина.
You cannot say 'Ya yest' (I am); you must use the possession pattern 'U menya yest'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: بیان وجود: 'من دارم' (U menya yest')

Fill in the blank with the correct question word for location.

___ станция?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где
We use 'Где' to ask about the location of the station.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن 'کجا' و 'چی' (Где و Что)

Choose the correct form of 'one' for 'машина' (feminine).

___ машина.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: одна
Since 'машина' is feminine, we must use the feminine form 'одна'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد روسی ۱-۱۰: شمارش تا ده (один تا десять)

Which is the correct way to say 'two' for masculine nouns?

Choose the correct word:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: два
'Два' is used for masculine and neuter, while 'две' is strictly for feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اعداد روسی ۱-۱۰: شمارش تا ده (один تا десять)

Which sentence is the natural way to ask 'What is this?' in Russian?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что это?
Russian doesn't use the verb 'is' in this context, so 'Что это?' is correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن 'کجا' و 'چی' (Где و Что)

Which sentence correctly says 'I don't have a car'?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет машины.
The construction У меня нет is used for possession, and the object must be in the Genitive case (машины).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن «نه» در زبان روسی (Нет)

Find and fix the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Где есть мой паспорт?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где мой паспорт?
Remove 'есть' to make the sentence sound natural and correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: پرسیدن 'کجا' و 'چی' (Где و Что)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

At the A0 level, no. You can keep the nouns in the Nominative case (the form you see in the dictionary).
Russian used to have one, but it dropped out of the present tense centuries ago. It makes the language much faster to speak!
Russian nouns have three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter). Since 'one' acts like an adjective, it must match the gender of the noun it describes.
Zero is 'ноль' (nol). It also ends in a soft sign, just like the numbers 5-10.
Mostly, yes. However, it also means 'there is not' when talking about things that are missing or absent.
'Нет' is a standalone 'No'. 'Не' is 'not' and must be placed before another word, like a verb or noun.
فصل قبلی
The World Around You — Naming Things
فصل بعدی
Time & Place — Where and When
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