A0 · ゼロポイント チャプター 4

Survival Essentials

4 トータルルール
40 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the essential tools to navigate daily life and express basic needs in Russian.

  • Identify locations and objects using basic question words.
  • Count items from one to ten confidently.
  • State your possessions and negate statements with ease.
Unlock the keys to survival and simple interaction.

学べること

Basic phrases for asking directions, prices, and personal needs. Focus on functional communication in a Russian-speaking environment.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Ask where something is and identify it using 'Где' and 'Что'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Count quantities and express what you have.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Где мой телефон?

Where is my phone?

「どこ」と「何」の聞き方 (Где と Что)
2

Что это?

What is this?

「どこ」と「何」の聞き方 (Где と Что)
3

У меня один кот.

I have one cat.

ロシア語の数字 1-10：10まで数える (один から десять)
4

Одна пицца, пожалуйста.

One pizza, please.

ロシア語の数字 1-10：10まで数える (один から десять)
5

— Ты хочешь пиццу? — Нет, спасибо.

— Do you want pizza? — No, thanks.

ロシア語で「いいえ」と言う (Нет)
6

Меня сейчас нет дома.

I am not home right now.

ロシア語で「いいえ」と言う (Нет)
7

У меня есть кофе.

I have coffee.

存在の表現：「〜があります・持っています」(U menya yest')
8

У тебя есть зарядка?

Do you have a charger?

存在の表現：「〜があります・持っています」(U menya yest')

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

The 'Shto' Secret

Always pronounce 'Что' with a 'Sh' sound. Saying 'Chto' is the quickest way to out yourself as a beginner reading from a textbook.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「どこ」と「何」の聞き方 (Где と Что)
💡

The 'Raz' Trick

When counting 1, 2, 3 for a photo or a race, Russians almost always say 'раз' (raz) instead of 'один'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の数字 1-10：10まで数える (один から десять)
💡

The 'Nyet' Myth

Don't over-emphasize the 'y'. It's not 'Nee-yet'. It's one syllable, like 'net' but with a very soft 'n'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語で「いいえ」と言う (Нет)
🎯

The 'N' Rule

Always add an 'n' to 'ego', 'eyo', and 'ikh' when they follow 'u'. It becomes 'nego', 'neyo', and 'nikh'. It makes you sound native!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 存在の表現：「〜があります・持っています」(U menya yest')

重要な語彙 (6)

Где Where Что What Один One Десять Ten Нет No У меня есть I have

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Где/Что + [noun]?
  • 1 (один), 2 (два)... 10 (десять)
  • Нет + [phrase]
  • У меня есть + [noun]

よくある間違い

Russian doesn't use 'have' as a direct verb. Use the 'At me there is' structure instead.

Wrong: Я имею яблоко
正解: У меня есть яблоко

Do not mix question words. 'Что' is for objects, 'Где' is for place.

Wrong: Где это что?
正解: Что это?

When negating possession, the structure changes to 'At me there is not'.

Wrong: Нет я имею
正解: У меня нет

Next Steps

You have conquered the basics! Keep practicing, and you will be fluent in no time.

Label items in your house with Russian sticky notes.

Continue to: Time & Place — Where and When

クイック練習 (10)

Which sentence correctly says 'I don't have a car'?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет машины.
The construction У меня нет is used for possession, and the object must be in the Genitive case (машины).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語で「いいえ」と言う (Нет)

Which sentence is the natural way to ask 'What is this?' in Russian?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что это?
Russian doesn't use the verb 'is' in this context, so 'Что это?' is correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「どこ」と「何」の聞き方 (Где と Что)

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я нет знаю, где мой ключ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я не знаю, где мой ключ.
You cannot use нет before a verb. Use не to say 'don't'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語で「いいえ」と言う (Нет)

Fill in the correct word for 'No'.

— Ты любишь суши? — ___, я не люблю рыбу.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Нет
We use Нет as a standalone answer to a question. Не would be used before the verb люблю.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語で「いいえ」と言う (Нет)

Find the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я есть машина.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня есть машина.
You cannot say 'Ya yest' (I am); you must use the possession pattern 'U menya yest'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 存在の表現：「〜があります・持っています」(U menya yest')

Find the error in this number sequence: пять, шесть, семь, восим, девять.

Find and fix the mistake:

пять, шесть, семь, восим, девять.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: восемь
The correct spelling is 'восемь', not 'восим'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の数字 1-10：10まで数える (один から десять)

Fill in the blank with the correct question word for location.

___ станция?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где
We use 'Где' to ask about the location of the station.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「どこ」と「何」の聞き方 (Где と Что)

Choose the correct form of 'one' for 'машина' (feminine).

___ машина.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: одна
Since 'машина' is feminine, we must use the feminine form 'одна'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の数字 1-10：10まで数える (один から десять)

Which is the correct way to say 'two' for masculine nouns?

Choose the correct word:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: два
'Два' is used for masculine and neuter, while 'две' is strictly for feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の数字 1-10：10まで数える (один から десять)

Find and fix the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Где есть мой паспорт?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где мой паспорт?
Remove 'есть' to make the sentence sound natural and correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「どこ」と「何」の聞き方 (Где と Что)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

At the A0 level, no. You can keep the nouns in the Nominative case (the form you see in the dictionary).
Russian used to have one, but it dropped out of the present tense centuries ago. It makes the language much faster to speak!
Russian nouns have three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter). Since 'one' acts like an adjective, it must match the gender of the noun it describes.
Zero is 'ноль' (nol). It also ends in a soft sign, just like the numbers 5-10.
Mostly, yes. However, it also means 'there is not' when talking about things that are missing or absent.
'Нет' is a standalone 'No'. 'Не' is 'not' and must be placed before another word, like a verb or noun.
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The World Around You — Naming Things
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Time & Place — Where and When
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