A0 · 零起点 章节 4

Survival Essentials

4 总规则
40 例句
1 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the essential tools to navigate daily life and express basic needs in Russian.

  • Identify locations and objects using basic question words.
  • Count items from one to ten confidently.
  • State your possessions and negate statements with ease.
Unlock the keys to survival and simple interaction.

你将学到什么

Basic phrases for asking directions, prices, and personal needs. Focus on functional communication in a Russian-speaking environment.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Ask where something is and identify it using 'Где' and 'Что'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Count quantities and express what you have.

关键例句 (8)

1

Где мой телефон?

Where is my phone?

询问“哪里”和“什么” (Где & Что)
2

Что это?

What is this?

询问“哪里”和“什么” (Где & Что)
3

У меня один кот.

I have one cat.

俄语数字 1-10：数到十 (один 到 десять)
4

Одна пицца, пожалуйста.

One pizza, please.

俄语数字 1-10：数到十 (один 到 десять)
5

— Ты хочешь пиццу? — Нет, спасибо.

— Do you want pizza? — No, thanks.

用俄语说“不” (Нет)
6

Меня сейчас нет дома.

I am not home right now.

用俄语说“不” (Нет)
7

У меня есть кофе.

I have coffee.

表达存在：“我有”（U menya yest'）
8

У тебя есть зарядка?

Do you have a charger?

表达存在：“我有”（U menya yest'）

技巧与窍门 (4)

💡

The 'Shto' Secret

Always pronounce 'Что' with a 'Sh' sound. Saying 'Chto' is the quickest way to out yourself as a beginner reading from a textbook.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 询问“哪里”和“什么” (Где & Что)
💡

The 'Raz' Trick

When counting 1, 2, 3 for a photo or a race, Russians almost always say 'раз' (raz) instead of 'один'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 俄语数字 1-10：数到十 (один 到 десять)
💡

The 'Nyet' Myth

Don't over-emphasize the 'y'. It's not 'Nee-yet'. It's one syllable, like 'net' but with a very soft 'n'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用俄语说“不” (Нет)
🎯

The 'N' Rule

Always add an 'n' to 'ego', 'eyo', and 'ikh' when they follow 'u'. It becomes 'nego', 'neyo', and 'nikh'. It makes you sound native!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 表达存在：“我有”（U menya yest'）

核心词汇 (6)

Где Where Что What Один One Десять Ten Нет No У меня есть I have

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

At the Market

Review Summary

  • Где/Что + [noun]?
  • 1 (один), 2 (два)... 10 (десять)
  • Нет + [phrase]
  • У меня есть + [noun]

常见错误

Russian doesn't use 'have' as a direct verb. Use the 'At me there is' structure instead.

Wrong: Я имею яблоко
正确: У меня есть яблоко

Do not mix question words. 'Что' is for objects, 'Где' is for place.

Wrong: Где это что?
正确: Что это?

When negating possession, the structure changes to 'At me there is not'.

Wrong: Нет я имею
正确: У меня нет

Next Steps

You have conquered the basics! Keep practicing, and you will be fluent in no time.

Label items in your house with Russian sticky notes.

Continue to: Time & Place — Where and When

快速练习 (10)

Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun form for 'I'.

У ____ есть билет.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: меня
After the preposition 'u', we must use the genitive form 'menya' for 'I'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 表达存在：“我有”（U menya yest'）

Which sentence correctly says 'She has a cat'?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У неё есть кошка.
We use 'u' + genitive pronoun 'neyo' (with the 'n' added after a preposition).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 表达存在：“我有”（U menya yest'）

Which is the correct way to say 'two' for masculine nouns?

Choose the correct word:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: два
'Два' is used for masculine and neuter, while 'две' is strictly for feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 俄语数字 1-10：数到十 (один 到 десять)

Which sentence is the natural way to ask 'What is this?' in Russian?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Что это?
Russian doesn't use the verb 'is' in this context, so 'Что это?' is correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 询问“哪里”和“什么” (Где & Что)

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я нет знаю, где мой ключ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я не знаю, где мой ключ.
You cannot use нет before a verb. Use не to say 'don't'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用俄语说“不” (Нет)

Fill in the correct word for 'No'.

— Ты любишь суши? — ___, я не люблю рыбу.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Нет
We use Нет as a standalone answer to a question. Не would be used before the verb люблю.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用俄语说“不” (Нет)

Which sentence correctly says 'I don't have a car'?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет машины.
The construction У меня нет is used for possession, and the object must be in the Genitive case (машины).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用俄语说“不” (Нет)

Find and fix the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Где есть мой паспорт?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Где мой паспорт?
Remove 'есть' to make the sentence sound natural and correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 询问“哪里”和“什么” (Где & Что)

Choose the correct form of 'one' for 'машина' (feminine).

___ машина.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: одна
Since 'машина' is feminine, we must use the feminine form 'одна'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 俄语数字 1-10：数到十 (один 到 десять)

Find the error in this number sequence: пять, шесть, семь, восим, девять.

Find and fix the mistake:

пять, шесть, семь, восим, девять.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: восемь
The correct spelling is 'восемь', not 'восим'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 俄语数字 1-10：数到十 (один 到 десять)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

At the A0 level, no. You can keep the nouns in the Nominative case (the form you see in the dictionary).
Russian used to have one, but it dropped out of the present tense centuries ago. It makes the language much faster to speak!
Russian nouns have three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter). Since 'one' acts like an adjective, it must match the gender of the noun it describes.
Zero is 'ноль' (nol). It also ends in a soft sign, just like the numbers 5-10.
Mostly, yes. However, it also means 'there is not' when talking about things that are missing or absent.
'Нет' is a standalone 'No'. 'Не' is 'not' and must be placed before another word, like a verb or noun.
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The World Around You — Naming Things
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