传染
chuánrǎn
To infect
بهطور تحتاللفظی: 传 (chuán - to pass/spread) + 染 (rǎn - to dye/stain)
در ۱۵ ثانیه
- Means to infect biologically or spread emotions and habits socially.
- Commonly used with '给' (gěi) to show who caught it.
- Works for both negative viruses and positive things like laughter.
معنی
While it literally means to pass a virus or bacteria to someone, it's also used to describe how moods, laughter, or even habits spread like wildfire between people.
مثالهای کلیدی
3 از 6Warning a friend about a cold
别靠近我，我感冒了，怕传染给你。
Don't come close, I have a cold and I'm afraid of infecting you.
Commenting on a happy atmosphere
你的笑容很有传染力！
Your smile is very infectious!
A doctor explaining a diagnosis
这种病不会通过空气传染。
This disease is not transmitted through the air.
زمینه فرهنگی
The term reflects a collectivist worldview where individual actions and states inevitably impact the group. While it has roots in ancient medical texts, its modern usage exploded during the SARS and COVID-1{9} eras, making it a high-frequency word in both clinical and social settings.
The 'Give' Connection
Always remember the word `给` (gěi). Most of the time, you 'infect' something TO someone: `传染给` + person.
Don't use for 'Influence'
If you want to say someone influenced your career choice, use `影响` (yǐng xiǎng), not `传染`. `传染` is for things that feel automatic or biological.
در ۱۵ ثانیه
- Means to infect biologically or spread emotions and habits socially.
- Commonly used with '给' (gěi) to show who caught it.
- Works for both negative viruses and positive things like laughter.
What It Means
传染 is all about the invisible spread of things. It started in medicine to describe catching a cold or the flu. But today, it’s much more versatile. It describes how energy or emotions move through a room. If you start yawning and your friend does too, that’s 传染. If your boss is grumpy and suddenly everyone is stressed, that’s also 传染.
How To Use It
Think of it as a verb or a noun. You can say someone 传染 something to you. Use the structure: A 传染 给 B. For example, 'He 传染 his cold to me.' You can also use it as an adjective. A smile can be very 传染性 (infectious). It’s a very active word. It implies movement from one person to another.
When To Use It
Use it when talking about health, obviously. 'Don't come over, I don't want to 传染 you.' Use it at parties when the vibe is great. 'Your happiness is so 传染!' It’s perfect for social media too. Viral videos are often described with this sense of spreading. Use it when you notice a pattern in a group. It works for habits, slang, or even accents.
When NOT To Use It
Don't use it for physical objects. You don't 传染 a book to a friend; you lend it. It’s only for things that are 'caught' or 'absorbed.' Avoid using it for purely positive formal achievements. You wouldn't say someone 'infected' you with their promotion. Keep it to things that feel like a 'vibe' or a biological process. Using it for serious crimes might feel a bit weird too.
Cultural Background
In Chinese culture, the 'group' is very important. People are seen as deeply connected. This makes 传染 a powerful concept. It reflects the idea that your state of mind affects everyone around you. There is a strong social responsibility to not 'infect' others with bad moods. During the pandemic, this word became a daily staple in news. It shifted from a biology term to a core part of the social vocabulary.
Common Variations
传染病 (chuán rǎn bìng) is an infectious disease. 传染性 (chuán rǎn xìng) means 'infectiousness' or 'contagiousness.' You’ll often hear 被传染了 (bèi chuán rǎn le), which means 'I’ve been infected' or 'I caught it.' In slang, people might say something is 'toxic' using different words, but 传染 stays focused on the act of spreading. It’s a reliable, sturdy word for your daily conversations.
نکات کاربردی
The phrase is neutral and safe for all levels of formality. Just remember to use the passive `被` (bèi) when you are the one who caught the illness.
The 'Give' Connection
Always remember the word `给` (gěi). Most of the time, you 'infect' something TO someone: `传染给` + person.
Don't use for 'Influence'
If you want to say someone influenced your career choice, use `影响` (yǐng xiǎng), not `传染`. `传染` is for things that feel automatic or biological.
The Power of the Smile
In China, saying someone's happiness is `传染` is a high compliment. It means they have a 'bright' energy that improves the group.
مثالها
6别靠近我，我感冒了，怕传染给你。
Don't come close, I have a cold and I'm afraid of infecting you.
A very common way to show care for others when sick.
你的笑容很有传染力！
Your smile is very infectious!
Using the word metaphorically for a positive emotion.
这种病不会通过空气传染。
This disease is not transmitted through the air.
Formal medical usage in a professional setting.
这个舞太魔性了，全办公室都被传染了。
This dance is so catchy, the whole office has been 'infected' by it.
Hyperbolic use for a trend or meme.
他爱迟到的坏习惯传染了大家。
His bad habit of being late has spread to everyone.
Used to describe the negative influence of a habit.
打哈欠真的会传染吗？
Is yawning really contagious?
A classic everyday observation.
خودت رو بسنج
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence about a spreading cold.
我不想把感冒___给我的家人。
`传染` is used for passing illnesses, while `告诉` is for telling and `送给` is for giving gifts.
Describe an infectious laugh.
她的笑声非常有___力。
`传染力` (infectious power) is the standard way to describe a contagious laugh or mood.
🎉 امتیاز: /2
ابزارهای بصری یادگیری
Formality of 传染
Talking about memes or yawning with friends.
你把哈欠传染给我了！
Daily talk about health and moods.
这种感冒传染吗？
Medical reports or news broadcasts.
该病毒主要通过接触传染。
Where to use 传染
Hospital
Discussing virus transmission
Party
Spreading a happy mood
Office
Collective yawning or stress
Social Media
Viral videos or challenges
بانک تمرین
2 تمرینها我不想把感冒___给我的家人。
`传染` is used for passing illnesses, while `告诉` is for telling and `送给` is for giving gifts.
她的笑声非常有___力。
`传染力` (infectious power) is the standard way to describe a contagious laugh or mood.
🎉 امتیاز: /2
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYes! It is very common to use it for positive things like 快乐 (happiness) or 正能量 (positive energy).
Not necessarily. While it's used for diseases, in social contexts, it's quite neutral or even warm, like describing a 'catchy' song.
You can say 我被他传染了感冒 (wǒ bèi tā chuán rǎn le gǎn mào).
传染 is specifically for 'infecting' people with biological or emotional states, while 传播 (chuán bō) is for spreading news or information.
Yes, computer viruses also 传染. You can say 电脑病毒传染了整个网络.
It's neutral. You can use it in a meeting to discuss how a market trend is 'infecting' other sectors.
Yes, 传染 itself can be a noun meaning 'infection' or 'transmission,' as in 传染途径 (transmission route).
Absolutely. 传染情绪 (chuán rǎn qíng xù) is a very common phrase for spreading emotions.
There isn't a direct single-word opposite, but you might use 隔离 (gé lí) which means 'to isolate' to stop the spread.
Yes, if you are sick, it's polite to tell a stranger 我感冒了，怕传染你 so they know to keep their distance.
عبارات مرتبط
传染病 (Infectious disease)
传染性 (Contagiousness)
传播 (To spread/disseminate)
影响 (To influence)
感染 (To infect/affect - often used for wounds or deep inspiration)
