جريمة en 30 secondes
- A 'جريمة' is a crime, an act punishable by law.
- It refers to a serious offense against societal rules.
- Used in legal contexts and sometimes metaphorically for major wrongs.
- Plural is 'جرائم' (jarā'im).
- Root Meaning
- The Arabic word 'جريمة' (jarīmah) fundamentally refers to a transgression, an offense, or a wrongdoing. It carries a strong connotation of an act that violates established laws or societal norms, often with serious consequences. Its usage is deeply embedded in legal contexts, but it also extends to situations where a significant wrong has been committed, even if not strictly a criminal act in the legal sense. Think of it as a severe breach of rules or morality.
- Legal Context
- In legal discourse, 'جريمة' specifically denotes a crime. This is an act or omission that is punishable by law. When we talk about the police investigating a 'جريمة', or a court sentencing someone for a 'جريمة', we are firmly within the realm of criminal justice. This includes everything from petty theft to more serious offenses like assault or fraud. The state prosecutes these actions because they harm society as a whole.
- Broader Usage
- Beyond the courtroom, 'جريمة' can be used metaphorically to describe actions that are considered morally reprehensible or a significant waste. For instance, someone might sarcastically call wasting good food a 'جريمة' against hunger, or describe a truly terrible artistic performance as a 'جريمة' against culture. This usage highlights the severity of the action, even if it doesn't involve legal penalties. It's about something being profoundly wrong or unacceptable.
- Distinguishing Nuances
- It's important to note that while 'جريمة' can refer to any wrongdoing, its primary and most common meaning is that of a crime. When used in everyday conversation without a specific legal context, it might imply a serious mistake or a significant moral failing. However, in formal settings, especially news reports or discussions about law and order, it almost exclusively refers to criminal acts. Understanding the context is key to interpreting its precise meaning.
The police are investigating a serious جريمة that occurred last night.
Wasting food is considered a جريمة by many.
- Reporting Crimes
- In news reports and official statements, 'جريمة' is used to describe criminal acts. For example, 'The authorities are investigating a series of thefts, which are considered a significant جريمة against public property.' This usage emphasizes the legal classification and societal impact of the act.
- Discussing Legal Cases
- When talking about the justice system, 'جريمة' is central. A lawyer might argue, 'My client denies committing this جريمة,' or a judge might declare, 'The evidence proves the defendant is guilty of the جريمة.' This highlights its role in legal proceedings and accusations.
- Expressing Outrage or Disapproval
- Metaphorically, 'جريمة' conveys strong disapproval. Someone might exclaim, 'To destroy such a beautiful historical building is a جريمة against heritage!' This usage amplifies the sense of wrongdoing and its negative consequences, even if not a legal crime.
- Describing Harmful Actions
- In everyday conversation, it can describe actions that cause significant harm or are perceived as profoundly unfair. For instance, 'Allowing children to work in such conditions is a جريمة.' This extends its meaning to acts of exploitation or severe neglect.
- Distinguishing Degrees of Offense
- While 'جريمة' covers a broad spectrum of offenses, context often clarifies the severity. A minor infraction might not be referred to as a 'جريمة' unless it's part of a larger pattern or a particularly egregious example. The word implies a substantial violation, not just a small mistake.
The news reported a daring bank robbery, a significant جريمة that shocked the city.
He described the destruction of the ancient ruins as a cultural جريمة.
- News Broadcasts
- You will frequently encounter 'جريمة' on Arabic news channels, especially when reporting on crime statistics, ongoing investigations, or court verdicts. Anchors and reporters use it to describe acts that have broken the law and are being handled by the justice system. For instance, 'A new جريمة of fraud has been uncovered in the financial sector.' This is a core term in crime reporting.
- Legal Dramas and Documentaries
- In fictional portrayals of the legal world, such as crime dramas or documentaries about famous cases, 'جريمة' is used extensively. Characters, whether they are lawyers, detectives, or defendants, will use this word when discussing the offense at the heart of the story. For example, 'The detective dedicated his life to solving this complex جريمة.' It's a staple in crime-related narratives.
- Courtroom Proceedings
- During actual court sessions, lawyers, judges, and witnesses use 'جريمة' to refer to the specific offense being tried. The indictment will detail the alleged 'جريمة', and arguments will revolve around whether it was committed. This is its most precise and formal usage.
- Public Service Announcements
- Government agencies and non-profit organizations might use 'جريمة' in public awareness campaigns, particularly those aimed at crime prevention or victim support. For example, a campaign against domestic violence might state, 'Domestic violence is a جريمة that requires intervention.' This highlights its role in societal issues.
- Casual Conversations (with caution)
- While less common in casual chat unless discussing news or personal experiences, you might hear it used hyperbolically. Someone might say, 'Forgetting my friend's birthday was a جريمة!' This is a figurative use, indicating a significant oversight or mistake, not a literal crime.
The documentary explored the unsolved جريمة from fifty years ago.
- Confusing with Minor Offenses
- A common mistake is using 'جريمة' for very minor infractions or simple mistakes. While it can be used metaphorically for significant wrongdoings, its core meaning is a serious offense, often a crime. For example, calling a small traffic violation a 'جريمة' might be an overstatement unless it involves severe recklessness or harm. It's better to reserve 'جريمة' for actions that carry legal weight or are perceived as major moral failures.
- Misunderstanding Figurative Use
- Learners might take the figurative uses of 'جريمة' too literally. While saying 'wasting food is a crime' is understandable, it's not a legal crime. Confusing these metaphorical uses with actual legal offenses can lead to misunderstandings. Always consider the context: is the speaker referring to a law broken, or expressing strong disapproval of a harmful or unethical action?
- Incorrect Pluralization
- The plural of 'جريمة' is 'جرائم' (jarā'im). A common error is to try and form a plural by adding a typical feminine plural ending, which is incorrect for this word. When referring to multiple crimes, one must use 'جرائم'. For instance, 'The police are investigating multiple جرائم' is correct, not 'جريمةs' or any other incorrect form.
- Gender Agreement Issues
- Although 'جريمة' is a feminine noun, it doesn't always show the typical 'ة' (taa marbuta) ending. This can sometimes confuse learners when it comes to agreement with adjectives or verbs. However, when it's used as the subject or object, it functions as a feminine noun. For example, 'هذه جريمة كبيرة' (This is a big crime) correctly uses the feminine demonstrative 'هذه'.
- Using it for Trivial Matters
- Similar to confusing it with minor offenses, using 'جريمة' for trivial matters can make your Arabic sound unnatural or overly dramatic. For instance, calling a burnt piece of toast a 'جريمة' is likely to be met with amusement rather than understanding. Stick to using it for actions that are genuinely serious, either legally or morally.
Mistake: He called his small mistake a جريمة.
- ذنب (dhanb)
- 'ذنب' is a broader term for a sin, fault, or offense. It can refer to a moral or religious transgression, or a mistake. While a 'جريمة' is always a serious offense, a 'ذنب' can be something less severe. For example, lying might be considered a 'ذنب' in a religious context, but not necessarily a 'جريمة' in the legal sense unless it leads to fraud.
Example: He confessed his ذنب to the priest.
Comparison: 'جريمة' is typically a public, legal offense, whereas 'ذنب' can be private, moral, or religious. - خطأ (khaṭa')
- 'خطأ' means mistake, error, or fault. It is the most general term for something going wrong. A 'جريمة' is a type of 'خطأ', but not all 'خطأ' are 'جرائم'. A typo in a document is a 'خطأ', but not a 'جريمة'. However, a serious error in judgment that leads to harm could be considered both a 'خطأ' and potentially a 'جريمة' depending on the severity and legal implications.
Example: There was a خطأ in the calculation.
Comparison: 'جريمة' implies intent and significant harm or violation, while 'خطأ' can be unintentional and minor. - إثم (ithm)
- 'إثم' refers to a sin or wrongdoing, often with a strong religious or moral connotation. It's similar to 'ذنب' but can sometimes imply a more serious moral failing or a transgression against divine law. A 'جريمة' is a legal term, while 'إثم' is primarily moral or religious. An act could be both a 'جريمة' and an 'إثم', for example, murder.
Example: He felt the weight of his إثم.
Comparison: 'جريمة' is prosecuted by the state; 'إثم' is a matter of conscience or divine judgment. - جنحة (junḥah)
- 'جنحة' is a legal term that specifically refers to a misdemeanor or a lesser offense, as opposed to a felony. While 'جريمة' can encompass both felonies and misdemeanors, 'جنحة' is exclusively for the less serious category. A 'جريمة' is the umbrella term, and 'جنحة' is a specific type of less severe 'جريمة'.
Example: He was convicted of a minor جنحة.
Comparison: 'جريمة' is general for crime; 'جنحة' is specific for misdemeanor. - جناية (jināyah)
- 'جناية' refers to a felony or a grave crime, typically one punishable by severe penalties like long imprisonment or even death. 'جريمة' is the overarching term for any crime, while 'جناية' denotes the most serious category of crimes. All 'جنايات' are 'جرائم', but not all 'جرائم' are 'جنايات'.
Example: Murder is considered a serious جناية.
Comparison: 'جريمة' is general; 'جناية' is specific for serious felonies.
A جريمة is a legal offense, while a ذنب can be a moral or religious one.
How Formal Is It?
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Le savais-tu ?
Interestingly, the root ج-ر-م also relates to the word for 'date fruit' (تمر - tamr) in some contexts, possibly due to the idea of 'harvesting' or 'ripening'. However, the connection to 'crime' is through the sense of 'earning' punishment or 'severing' from norms.
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing the 'ج' (jim) as a hard 'g' sound.
- Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
- Pronouncing the final 'ة' (taa marbuta) as a distinct 'ah' sound rather than a soft 'uh' or silent 'h' depending on context.
Niveau de difficulté
The word 'جريمة' is common in news and legal contexts, making it moderately challenging for early learners to encounter frequently outside of specific topics. Understanding its nuances requires exposure to these contexts.
Using 'جريمة' correctly in writing, especially in formal contexts, requires an understanding of its legal implications and appropriate collocations. Incorrect usage can sound unnatural or overly dramatic.
Pronunciation is straightforward, but using 'جريمة' appropriately in spoken Arabic, especially in formal discussions or when expressing strong opinions, requires contextual awareness.
Recognizing 'جريمة' in spoken Arabic is generally easy due to its commonality in news and crime-related discussions. However, distinguishing its literal vs. figurative meaning relies on context.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
The Idafa construction (possessive structure) is frequently used with 'جريمة'.
مسرح الجريمة (masraḥ al-jarīmah) - the crime scene. Here, 'masraḥ' (scene) is the first term and 'al-jarīmah' (the crime) is the second term, forming a possessive relationship.
Verbs commonly associated with 'جريمة' include 'ارتكب' (to commit) and 'حقق في' (to investigate).
ارتكب المتهم جريمة السرقة. (The accused committed the crime of theft.) حققت الشرطة في الجريمة. (The police investigated the crime.)
Adjectives describing the severity or nature of the crime often follow the noun.
جريمة خطيرة (jarīmah khaṭīrah) - a serious crime. جريمة منظمة (jarīmah munaẓẓamah) - organized crime.
The plural form 'جرائم' (jarā'im) is used when referring to multiple crimes.
تزايدت جرائم السرقة في المدينة. (The crimes of theft have increased in the city.)
Prepositional phrases often follow 'جريمة' to specify the object or nature of the offense.
جريمة ضد الإنسانية (jarīmah ḍidda al-insāniyyah) - crime against humanity. جريمة في حق الوطن (jarīmah fī ḥaqq al-waṭan) - crime against the homeland.
Exemples par niveau
هذا خطأ.
This is a mistake.
لا تفعل هذا.
Don't do this.
هذا سيء.
This is bad.
الشرطة تأتي.
The police are coming.
القانون مهم.
The law is important.
نحن آمنون.
We are safe.
هناك مشكلة.
There is a problem.
لا تسرق.
Don't steal.
لقد سمعت عن جريمة في الحي.
I heard about a crime in the neighborhood.
The word 'جريمة' is used here to refer to a specific event.
الشرطة تحقق في الجريمة.
The police are investigating the crime.
'تحقق في' means 'to investigate'.
هذا ليس عدلاً، إنها جريمة.
This is not fair, it's a crime.
Used metaphorically to express strong disapproval of unfairness.
ارتكب اللص جريمة سرقة.
The thief committed a crime of theft.
'ارتكب' means 'to commit'.
يجب أن نعاقب على هذه الجريمة.
We must punish this crime.
'نعاقب' means 'we punish'.
هل كانت جريمة كبيرة؟
Was it a big crime?
Asking about the severity of the offense.
لا نريد أن تحدث جريمة أخرى.
We don't want another crime to happen.
Expressing a desire for prevention.
هذه جريمة ضد الإنسانية.
This is a crime against humanity.
A strong statement about severe offenses.
تُعدّ سرقة الآثار جريمة ثقافية خطيرة.
The theft of antiquities is considered a serious cultural crime.
'تُعدّ' means 'is considered'.
ألقت الشرطة القبض على المشتبه به في جريمة القتل.
The police arrested the suspect in the murder crime.
'ألقت القبض على' means 'arrested'.
يجب أن تكون هناك عقوبات رادعة لكل جريمة.
There must be deterrent penalties for every crime.
'رادعة' means 'deterrent'.
التحقيق كشف عن تفاصيل الجريمة المروعة.
The investigation revealed the details of the horrific crime.
'كشف عن' means 'revealed'.
لم يتمكن المحامي من إثبات براءة موكله من هذه الجريمة.
The lawyer could not prove his client's innocence of this crime.
'إثبات براءة' means 'to prove innocence'.
يعتبر استغلال الأطفال جريمة لا تغتفر.
Exploiting children is considered an unforgivable crime.
'لا تغتفر' means 'unforgivable'.
تتزايد جرائم الإنترنت بشكل مقلق.
Cybercrimes are increasing alarmingly.
Plural form 'جرائم' (crimes) is used.
العدالة تقتضي معاقبة مرتكب الجريمة.
Justice requires punishing the perpetrator of the crime.
'مرتكب' means 'perpetrator'.
تتطلب مكافحة الجريمة المنظمة تعاوناً دولياً فعالاً.
Combating organized crime requires effective international cooperation.
'مكافحة' means 'combating'; 'الجريمة المنظمة' means 'organized crime'.
أثار قرار المحكمة بشأن هذه الجريمة جدلاً واسعاً.
The court's decision regarding this crime sparked widespread controversy.
'جدلاً واسعاً' means 'widespread controversy'.
يُعتقد أن دوافع الجريمة كانت مالية بحتة.
It is believed that the motives for the crime were purely financial.
'دوافع' means 'motives'; 'بحتة' means 'purely'.
تُظهر الإحصائيات انخفاضاً في معدلات ارتكاب الجريمة.
Statistics show a decrease in crime rates.
'معدلات ارتكاب الجريمة' means 'crime rates'.
كانت الجريمة بمثابة صدمة للمجتمع المحلي الهادئ.
The crime was a shock to the quiet local community.
'بمثابة صدمة' means 'was like a shock'.
يتعين على الدولة توفير الحماية اللازمة لمنع وقوع الجريمة.
The state must provide the necessary protection to prevent the occurrence of crime.
'يتعين على' means 'it is incumbent upon'; 'منع وقوع' means 'prevent the occurrence of'.
غالباً ما تكون الجرائم العابرة للحدود معقدة في تتبعها.
Transnational crimes are often complex to trace.
'الجرائم العابرة للحدود' means 'transnational crimes'.
فشل المحققون في ربط الأدلة بالجريمة الأصلية.
The investigators failed to link the evidence to the original crime.
'ربط الأدلة' means 'to link the evidence'.
إن تصنيف الفعل كـ 'جريمة' يستلزم وجود أركان مادية ومعنوية محددة.
Classifying an act as a 'crime' necessitates the existence of specific material and moral elements.
'أركان مادية ومعنوية' refers to the elements of a crime (actus Reus and Mens Rea).
تُسهم العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في تفشي ظاهرة الجريمة.
Social and economic factors contribute to the prevalence of the phenomenon of crime.
'تُسهم في تفشي ظاهرة' means 'contribute to the prevalence of the phenomenon'.
يُعدّ إنكار وقوع الجريمة أو التستر عليها جريمة بحد ذاتها في بعض الأنظمة القانونية.
Denying the occurrence of the crime or covering it up is considered a crime in itself in some legal systems.
'التستر عليها' means 'covering it up'; 'جريمة بحد ذاتها' means 'a crime in itself'.
تتطلب معالجة الجريمة استراتيجيات متعددة الأوجه تتجاوز مجرد العقاب.
Addressing crime requires multifaceted strategies that go beyond mere punishment.
'استراتيجيات متعددة الأوجه' means 'multifaceted strategies'.
لقد أثارت قضية هذه الجريمة نقاشات فلسفية حول طبيعة الشر.
The case of this crime has sparked philosophical discussions about the nature of evil.
'نقاشات فلسفية' means 'philosophical discussions'.
يُمكن اعتبار الإهمال الجسيم الذي يؤدي إلى الوفاة بمثابة جريمة قتل غير متعمد.
Gross negligence leading to death can be considered as involuntary manslaughter.
'الإهمال الجسيم' means 'gross negligence'; 'قتل غير متعمد' means 'involuntary manslaughter'.
تُعتبر الجرائم الإلكترونية تحدياً مستمراً للسلطات القضائية حول العالم.
Cybercrimes are considered a continuous challenge for judicial authorities worldwide.
'تحدياً مستمراً' means 'a continuous challenge'.
إن التمييز بين الجريمة والعقاب يمثل محوراً أساسياً في علم الإجرام.
The distinction between crime and punishment is a fundamental axis in criminology.
'علم الإجرام' means 'criminology'.
إن إضفاء الطابع الرسمي على فعل معين كـ 'جريمة' هو نتاج لسلطة الدولة في تحديد السلوك المرفوض اجتماعياً ومعاقبته.
The formalization of a specific act as a 'crime' is a product of the state's authority in defining and punishing socially unacceptable behavior.
'إضفاء الطابع الرسمي' means 'formalization'; 'نتاج لسلطة الدولة' means 'a product of the state's authority'.
تتطلب دراسة سيكولوجية المجرمين فهماً عميقاً للعوامل النفسية والاجتماعية التي قد تقود إلى ارتكاب جريمة.
The study of criminal psychology requires a deep understanding of the psychological and social factors that may lead to the commission of a crime.
'سيكولوجية المجرمين' means 'criminal psychology'.
تُشكل الجرائم الاقتصادية، بما فيها غسيل الأموال والتهرب الضريبي، تهديداً منظماً للاستقرار المالي العالمي.
Economic crimes, including money laundering and tax evasion, pose an organized threat to global financial stability.
'غسيل الأموال' means 'money laundering'; 'التهرب الضريبي' means 'tax evasion'.
إن التحدي الأكبر في مجال العدالة الجنائية يكمن في الموازنة بين حق المجتمع في الأمان وحق الفرد في المحاكمة العادلة، خاصة عند التعامل مع جريمة معقدة.
The greatest challenge in criminal justice lies in balancing the society's right to security with the individual's right to a fair trial, especially when dealing with a complex crime.
'الموازنة بين' means 'balancing between'; 'العدالة الجنائية' means 'criminal justice'.
غالباً ما تتجذر الجرائم ضد الإنسانية في أيديولوجيات متطرفة تتجاهل القيمة المتأصلة للحياة البشرية.
Crimes against humanity are often rooted in extremist ideologies that disregard the inherent value of human life.
'أيديولوجيات متطرفة' means 'extremist ideologies'; 'القيمة المتأصلة' means 'inherent value'.
يُعدّ تفسير النصوص القانونية المتعلقة بـ 'جريمة' أمراً بالغ الدقة ويتطلب خبرة قانونية عميقة.
The interpretation of legal texts related to 'crime' is extremely precise and requires deep legal expertise.
'بالغ الدقة' means 'extremely precise'.
إن استجابة النظام القضائي لـ 'جريمة' تعكس القيم المجتمعية والأولويات الأخلاقية السائدة.
The judicial system's response to 'crime' reflects prevailing societal values and ethical priorities.
'استجابة النظام القضائي' means 'the judicial system's response'.
تُسلط الجرائم السيبرانية الضوء على هشاشة البنى التحتية الرقمية وأهمية تأمينها ضد التهديدات المتطورة.
Cybercrimes highlight the vulnerability of digital infrastructures and the importance of securing them against evolving threats.
'هشاشة البنى التحتية الرقمية' means 'vulnerability of digital infrastructures'.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— A heinous crime; a particularly wicked or atrocious offense.
كانت الجريمة نكراء لدرجة أنها هزت المجتمع بأسره. (The crime was so heinous that it shook the entire community.)
— A horrific crime; an extremely unpleasant or shocking offense.
تحقيقات مستمرة في جريمة بشعة وقعت بالأمس. (Ongoing investigations into a horrific crime that occurred yesterday.)
— A major crime; a significant offense, often implying a felony.
تعتبر سرقة البنوك جريمة كبرى. (Bank robbery is considered a major crime.)
— A crime against...; used to express a violation of rights or principles.
هذا التمييز يعتبر جريمة في حق العدالة. (This discrimination is considered a crime against justice.)
— An outrageous crime; a shockingly bad or terrible offense.
تم إدانته بارتكاب جريمة شنعاء. (He was convicted of committing an outrageous crime.)
— A crime with all its legal elements fulfilled; a fully constituted crime.
أدانت المحكمة المتهم بجريمة مكتملة الأركان. (The court convicted the defendant of a fully constituted crime.)
— It wasn't a crime; used to deny that an action constitutes a crime.
قال الدفاع إن ما حدث لم يكن جريمة. (The defense said what happened was not a crime.)
— A terrifying crime; an extremely frightening or shocking offense.
القصص عن هذه الجريمة المروعة انتشرت بسرعة. (Stories about this terrifying crime spread quickly.)
— A crime occurred/happened; stating that an offense took place.
تم الإبلاغ عن جريمة وقعت في وسط المدينة. (A crime that occurred in the city center was reported.)
— A crime against the nation/homeland; treason or acts harmful to the country.
يعتبر الخيانة جريمة ضد الوطن. (Treason is considered a crime against the homeland.)
Souvent confondu avec
'ذنب' is broader and can refer to moral or religious sins, while 'جريمة' is primarily a legal offense.
'خطأ' is a general mistake, whereas 'جريمة' implies intent and significant harm or violation of law.
'مخالفة' usually denotes a minor infraction or violation, less severe than a 'جريمة'.
Expressions idiomatiques
— A crime against nature; used to describe actions that are seen as fundamentally wrong or harmful to the natural world.
تدمير الغابات المطيرة يعتبر جريمة في حق الطبيعة. (Destroying rainforests is considered a crime against nature.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against history; used to describe actions that distort, destroy, or disrespect historical facts or heritage.
تزييف الحقائق التاريخية هو جريمة بحق التاريخ. (Falsifying historical facts is a crime against history.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against reason/the mind; used to describe something utterly illogical, nonsensical, or intellectually offensive.
هذه النظرية تبدو كجريمة بحق العقل. (This theory seems like a crime against reason.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against creativity; used to describe actions that stifle, destroy, or disrespect artistic or creative endeavors.
نسخ العمل الفني دون إذن هو جريمة بحق الإبداع. (Copying artwork without permission is a crime against creativity.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against beauty; used to describe something that is aesthetically displeasing or ruins something beautiful.
هذا المبنى الحديث جريمة بحق جمال المدينة القديمة. (This modern building is a crime against the beauty of the old city.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against children; used to describe actions that harm, exploit, or neglect children.
ترك الأطفال دون رعاية جريمة بحقهم. (Leaving children without care is a crime against them.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against future generations; used to describe actions that harm the environment or deplete resources, negatively impacting the future.
التلوث البيئي هو جريمة بحق الأجيال القادمة. (Environmental pollution is a crime against future generations.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against language; used to describe misuse, corruption, or deliberate distortion of language.
استخدام الكلمات بشكل خاطئ باستمرار هو جريمة بحق اللغة. (Consistently using words incorrectly is a crime against language.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against health; used to describe actions that severely damage health, like promoting harmful substances.
بيع منتجات ضارة بالصحة جريمة بحق الناس. (Selling products harmful to health is a crime against people's health.)
Figurative, Emphatic— A crime against memory; used to describe the act of forgetting or deliberately erasing important historical events or personal memories.
نكران المآسي الماضية هو جريمة بحق الذاكرة. (Denying past tragedies is a crime against memory.)
Figurative, EmphaticFacile à confondre
Both refer to offenses.
'جريمة' is the general term for crime. 'جنحة' specifically refers to a misdemeanor, a less serious type of crime, as opposed to a felony ('جناية').
The court convicted him of a misdemeanor (جنحة), not a felony (جناية).
Both are types of crimes.
'جريمة' is the overarching term for any crime. 'جناية' refers to a felony, a grave crime punishable by severe penalties, making it a more serious category within 'جرائم'.
Murder is a felony (جناية) and therefore a serious crime (جريمة).
Both refer to wrongdoing.
'جريمة' is a legal term for an act punishable by law. 'إثم' is primarily a moral or religious term for sin or wrongdoing, often related to divine law, not necessarily state law.
Stealing is both a crime (جريمة) and a sin (إثم).
Both describe negative actions.
'جريمة' specifically denotes an illegal act punishable by the state. 'فعل شائن' describes a shameful or disgraceful act, focusing on social stigma, which may or may not be illegal.
His dishonest behavior was a shameful act (فعل شائن), but not necessarily a crime (جريمة) unless it involved fraud.
Both imply violation.
'تعدي' means transgression or trespassing, often implying exceeding limits or violating rights. It can be a component of a 'جريمة', but 'جريمة' is a more formal legal classification of a serious offense.
Trespassing (تعدي) on private property can sometimes lead to charges of a crime (جريمة).
Structures de phrases
Subject + جريمة + description.
السرقة جريمة.
Verb + جريمة.
الشرطة تحقق في جريمة.
Noun phrase + جريمة + adjective.
كانت جريمة قتل بشعة.
Plural noun + جرائم + adjective.
هناك جرائم كثيرة في المدينة.
Context + جريمة + prepositional phrase.
تُعدّ هذه جريمة ضد الإنسانية.
Subject + verb + جريمة + common collocation.
تتزايد معدلات ارتكاب الجريمة.
Formal statement about the nature of a crime.
إن تصنيف الفعل كجريمة يتطلب أركاناً قانونية.
Complex sentence discussing factors related to crime.
تُسهم العوامل الاجتماعية في تفشي ظاهرة الجريمة.
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
High, especially in media and legal contexts.
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Using 'جريمة' for minor errors.
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Use 'خطأ' (khaṭa') for mistakes.
Using 'جريمة' for trivial matters can sound overly dramatic or incorrect. Reserve 'جريمة' for actual crimes or severe moral transgressions.
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Incorrect pluralization.
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The plural is 'جرائم' (jarā'im).
Do not add English plural '-s' or attempt incorrect Arabic pluralization. The correct plural form is 'جرائم'.
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Confusing 'جريمة' with 'ذنب' or 'إثم'.
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'جريمة' is legal; 'ذنب'/'إثم' are moral/religious.
'جريمة' refers to an offense punishable by law. 'ذنب' and 'إثم' refer to sins or moral faults, which may not be illegal.
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Mispronouncing the stress.
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Stress is on the second syllable: ja-REE-mah.
Incorrect stress can make the word difficult to understand. Ensure the emphasis is on 'REE'.
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Treating it as a masculine noun.
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'جريمة' is grammatically feminine.
Adjectives and verbs agreeing with 'جريمة' should reflect its feminine grammatical gender, e.g., 'هذه جريمة كبيرة' (this is a big crime).
Astuces
Plural Form
Remember that the plural of 'جريمة' is 'جرائم' (jarā'im). Use the plural form when referring to more than one offense, such as in news reports about crime statistics.
Stress and Sound
The stress in 'جريمة' falls on the second syllable: 'ja-REE-mah'. Practice saying it aloud to get the pronunciation right. The 'ج' sound is similar to the 'j' in 'jump'.
Formal vs. Informal
In formal settings like legal documents or news reports, 'جريمة' strictly means a crime. In casual conversation, it might be used hyperbolically for something seen as a major moral failing or terrible mistake.
Common Verb Pairings
Learn common verb-noun pairings like 'ارتكب جريمة' (to commit a crime) and 'حقق في جريمة' (to investigate a crime). These phrases are frequently used and will make your Arabic sound more natural.
Social Significance
In many Arab cultures, crimes are not just seen as legal violations but also as moral and social transgressions that disrupt community harmony. This perspective often influences public discourse and media reporting.
Association Techniques
Try linking 'جريمة' to the sound of 'jarring' – a crime is often a jarring event. Visualizing a 'jar' filled with bad deeds can also aid memory.
Distinguishing Nuances
While words like 'ذنب' (sin/fault) and 'خطأ' (mistake) relate to wrongdoing, 'جريمة' specifically denotes a legal offense. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for precise communication.
Levels of Offense
Be aware of related legal terms like 'جنحة' (misdemeanor) and 'جناية' (felony), which specify the severity of a 'جريمة'.
Active Recall
Test yourself by creating sentences using 'جريمة' and its related terms. Try to explain the concept of a crime to someone in Arabic, using the word correctly.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a 'jar' (sounds like 'jari') full of 'crimes'. This jar is overflowing, symbolizing the severity and multitude of offenses. The overflowing jar represents the 'جريمة' (jarīmah) that needs to be dealt with.
Association visuelle
Picture a judge's gavel striking down forcefully on a pile of broken laws, with the word 'جريمة' written on each broken piece. The image conveys the idea of punishment for breaking laws.
Word Web
Défi
Try to use 'جريمة' in a sentence describing a news headline you might see. For example, 'The news reported a daring bank robbery, a serious جريمة that shocked the city.'
Origine du mot
The word 'جريمة' originates from the Arabic root ج-ر-م (j-r-m), which broadly relates to 'cutting off', 'earning', or 'committing'. In its legal context, it evolved to mean the 'cutting off' of oneself from societal norms by committing an offense, or the 'earning' of punishment through wrongdoing.
Sens originel : The root ج-ر-م originally carried meanings related to reaping or harvesting, and later extended to 'earning' or 'acquiring' something, including negative consequences like punishment. It also developed a sense of 'cutting off' or 'severing' oneself from acceptable behavior.
SemiticContexte culturel
Discussions about 'جريمة' can be sensitive, especially when involving victims or graphic details. It's important to approach the topic with respect and awareness of potential trauma.
In English-speaking contexts, 'crime' is the direct equivalent, used in legal, media, and everyday discussions about illegal activities. The concept is universal, though specific laws and penalties vary.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
News reporting on crime.
- وقعت جريمة...
- التحقيق في جريمة...
- مسرح الجريمة...
- القبض على مرتكب الجريمة...
Legal discussions and court proceedings.
- ارتكاب جريمة...
- إثبات الجريمة...
- عقوبة الجريمة...
- جريمة كبرى...
Expressing strong disapproval or moral outrage.
- إنها جريمة بحق...
- جريمة نكراء!
- جريمة ضد الإنسانية...
Discussing crime statistics and prevention.
- معدلات الجريمة...
- منع الجريمة...
- أنواع الجرائم...
Describing fictional crime narratives (movies, books).
- جريمة غامضة...
- حل الجريمة...
- خيوط الجريمة...
Amorces de conversation
"Have you heard about the recent crime reported in the news?"
"What do you think are the main reasons behind the increase in certain types of crime?"
"How effective are current laws in preventing and punishing crimes?"
"What role does society play in either preventing or contributing to crime?"
"If you were a detective, what kind of crime would you find most challenging to solve?"
Sujets d'écriture
Write about a time you witnessed or heard about a crime. How did it make you feel, and what were the consequences?
Imagine you are a lawyer defending someone accused of a crime. Write a portion of your defense argument.
Reflect on the difference between a moral wrongdoing and a legal crime. Can an action be one without the other?
Describe a fictional crime scenario, including the motive, the act itself, and the investigation process.
Consider the impact of media coverage on public perception of crime. Is it always accurate?
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsA 'جريمة' (jarīmah) is a crime, an illegal act punishable by law, often involving intent and significant harm. A 'خطأ' (khaṭa') is a mistake or error, which can be minor and unintentional. While a crime is a type of serious mistake, not all mistakes are crimes.
The plural of 'جريمة' (jarīmah) is 'جرائم' (jarā'im). For example, 'The police investigated several crimes' would be 'حققت الشرطة في عدة جرائم'.
Yes, 'جريمة' can be used metaphorically to describe actions that are considered extremely wrong, immoral, or a severe waste, even if they are not illegal. For instance, 'Wasting good food is a crime!' (إضاعة الطعام الجيد جريمة!). However, its primary meaning is always a legal crime.
Common types of crimes frequently mentioned include 'جريمة قتل' (murder), 'جريمة سرقة' (theft), 'جريمة احتيال' (fraud), 'جريمة منظمة' (organized crime), and 'جرائم إلكترونية' (cybercrimes).
'جريمة' is the general term for crime. 'جنحة' (junḥah) refers to a misdemeanor (less serious offense), and 'جناية' (jināyah) refers to a felony (grave offense). So, 'جنحة' and 'جناية' are specific categories within the broader term 'جريمة'.
You can use it as a noun: 'هذه جريمة' (This is a crime). You can also use it with verbs like 'ارتكب جريمة' (commit a crime) or 'حقق في جريمة' (investigate a crime). Remember to use the plural 'جرائم' for multiple offenses.
Yes, 'جريمة' is grammatically feminine, even though it doesn't end with the typical 'ة' (taa marbuta). This affects agreement with adjectives and verbs when it functions as the subject or object.
'مسرح الجريمة' (masraḥ al-jarīmah) literally translates to 'the scene of the crime' and refers to the location where a crime took place.
Yes, related legal terms include 'مرتكب الجريمة' (perpetrator of the crime), 'ضحية الجريمة' (victim of the crime), 'أركان الجريمة' (elements of the crime), and 'قانون الجرائم' (criminal law).
Try associating it with the sound 'jarring'. A crime is often a jarring event. Or imagine a 'jar' filled with bad deeds, representing the collection of 'جرائم'.
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Summary
The Arabic word 'جريمة' (jarīmah) signifies a crime – an illegal act or omission that violates laws and is subject to prosecution and punishment by the state. It's a fundamental term in legal discourse but can also be used metaphorically to describe severe moral transgressions or grossly unacceptable actions.
- A 'جريمة' is a crime, an act punishable by law.
- It refers to a serious offense against societal rules.
- Used in legal contexts and sometimes metaphorically for major wrongs.
- Plural is 'جرائم' (jarā'im).
Context is Key
The word 'جريمة' can be used literally for a crime or metaphorically for a severe wrongdoing. Always pay attention to the context to understand the intended meaning. For example, 'a crime against humanity' is literal, while 'wasting food is a crime' is metaphorical.
Plural Form
Remember that the plural of 'جريمة' is 'جرائم' (jarā'im). Use the plural form when referring to more than one offense, such as in news reports about crime statistics.
Stress and Sound
The stress in 'جريمة' falls on the second syllable: 'ja-REE-mah'. Practice saying it aloud to get the pronunciation right. The 'ج' sound is similar to the 'j' in 'jump'.
Formal vs. Informal
In formal settings like legal documents or news reports, 'جريمة' strictly means a crime. In casual conversation, it might be used hyperbolically for something seen as a major moral failing or terrible mistake.
Exemple
انخفضت معدلات الجريمة في المدينة.
Contenu associé
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اغتراب
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اِنْدِمَاج
B2Le processus d'intégration ou de fusion dans un tout.
انفتاح
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اِنْحِرَاف
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اِنْحِطَاط
B2C'est une diminution progressive de la qualité, des standards ou des valeurs morales.
اِنْسِجَام
B2Harmonie; un état d'existence paisible et d'accord.
اِنْتِمَاء
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تطلعات
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اِسْتِقْطاب
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ازدراء
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