جسم en 30 secondes
- The primary meaning of jesm is the physical body, often used in medical or health contexts to distinguish the physical form from the mental state.
- In physics and science, jesm translates to 'object' or 'body', such as a falling object, a celestial body, or any material item with mass.
- Philosophically, it is frequently contrasted with 'ruh' (soul) or 'zehn' (mind), highlighting the dualistic nature of human existence in Persian literature and poetry.
- It forms the root of many related words like 'jesmani' (physical) and 'tajassom' (embodiment), making it a crucial base word for advancing Persian vocabulary.
The Persian word جسم (pronounced 'jesm') is a fundamental noun that translates primarily to 'body', 'physical form', or 'object'. Understanding this word is absolutely essential for anyone learning Persian, as it bridges the gap between everyday conversations about health and highly advanced discussions in science and philosophy. In its most basic sense, 'jesm' refers to the physical structure of a human being, an animal, or any living organism. It is the tangible, material part of our existence, the flesh and bones that make up our physical presence in the world. However, unlike the English word 'body', which is often restricted to living things (unless specified, like 'celestial body'), 'jesm' is widely used in Persian to refer to inanimate objects, solid masses, and physical entities in the realm of physics and science. This dual nature makes it a highly versatile and ubiquitous term in the Persian language. When you talk about going to the gym to build your body, you are talking about your 'jesm'. When a physicist talks about the velocity of a falling object, they are also talking about a 'jesm'. This broad semantic range means that learners will encounter the word in medical clinics, sports arenas, science classrooms, and poetry readings alike. To truly grasp the meaning of 'jesm', one must also understand its philosophical counterpart: 'ruh' (روح), which means soul or spirit. In Persian literature, poetry, and everyday idioms, the dichotomy between the physical body (jesm) and the spiritual soul (ruh) is a recurring theme. The body is often depicted as a temporary vessel, a physical cage, or a material vehicle for the eternal soul. This dualism is deeply embedded in Iranian culture and Islamic philosophy, influencing how people speak about life, death, health, and well-being. Furthermore, 'jesm' is an Arabic loanword, and like many Arabic words in Persian, it brings with it a family of related terms, such as the plural form 'ajsam' (اجسام - objects/bodies) and the adjective 'jesmani' (جسمانی - physical/corporeal). Mastering these variations will significantly expand your vocabulary and allow you to express complex ideas with precision.
- Biological Context
- In biology and medicine, jesm refers strictly to the anatomical structure of an organism, encompassing organs, tissues, and bones.
The doctor examined his جسم to find the cause of the pain.
Moving beyond biology, the application of 'jesm' in the physical sciences is equally important. In physics, a 'jesm' is any entity that has mass and occupies space. It can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas, though it is most commonly used for solid objects. For example, a 'jesm-e sakht' refers to a rigid body or solid object. When studying mechanics, students calculate the mass, velocity, and acceleration of a 'jesm'. In astronomy, planets and stars are referred to as 'ajsam-e asemani' (celestial bodies). This scientific usage highlights the objective, material nature of the word, stripped of the emotional or spiritual connotations it might carry in a literary context. Therefore, when reading a science textbook in Persian, you will see 'jesm' used repeatedly to describe the physical phenomena being studied. The ability to recognize which context 'jesm' is being used in—biological, scientific, or philosophical—is a key marker of fluency in Persian.
- Scientific Context
- In physics, jesm denotes a material object with mass and volume, subject to the laws of mechanics and gravity.
The gravity of the earth pulls every جسم towards its center.
In everyday conversation, while 'badan' (بدن) is more commonly used for the human body, 'jesm' carries a slightly more formal or profound weight. You might say 'badan-am dard mikonad' (my body hurts) when you have a cold, but you would say 'salamat-e jesm o ravan' (health of body and mind) when discussing overall well-being. This subtle distinction in register is crucial. 'Jesm' elevates the discourse, making it suitable for news broadcasts, health articles, and formal advice. It implies a holistic view of the physical form, often in relation to lifestyle, diet, and exercise. For instance, physical education is called 'tarbiyat-e badani', but the concept of physical strengthening is often referred to as 'parvaresh-e jesm'. Understanding these nuances allows learners to choose the most appropriate word for their intended tone and audience.
- Philosophical Context
- In philosophy, jesm represents the material, perishable aspect of existence, often contrasted with the eternal, immaterial soul.
The poet wrote about the soul escaping the prison of the جسم.
A healthy جسم is necessary for a healthy mind.
He lifted the heavy جسم with great difficulty.
Using the word جسم correctly in Persian requires an understanding of its grammatical properties, its common collocations, and the specific contexts in which it thrives. As a noun, 'jesm' functions like any other standard Persian noun. It can take the plural suffix '-ha' to become 'jesm-ha' (جسمها), but because it is an Arabic loanword, it frequently takes its Arabic broken plural form, 'ajsam' (اجسام). This is a critical point for learners: while 'jesm-ha' is grammatically correct and understood, 'ajsam' is vastly more common, especially in formal writing, science, and literature. When you want to talk about multiple objects or bodies, 'ajsam' is the word you should reach for. For example, 'ajsam-e sangin' means 'heavy objects'. Furthermore, 'jesm' can be modified by adjectives using the standard Persian 'ezafe' construction. You link the noun to its adjective with an '-e' sound. Thus, 'jesm-e salem' means 'healthy body', 'jesm-e bimar' means 'sick body', and 'jesm-e khareji' means 'foreign object' (often used in medical contexts, like a foreign object in the eye). Mastering the ezafe with 'jesm' unlocks a massive amount of descriptive power.
- Grammatical Function
- Jesm acts as a standard noun, taking ezafe for adjectives and possession, and often using the Arabic broken plural 'ajsam'.
He needs to take care of his جسم by eating well.
Another vital aspect of using 'jesm' is knowing its derived forms. The most common derivative is the adjective 'jesmani' (جسمانی), which translates to 'physical' or 'corporeal'. When you want to describe an activity, a state, or a characteristic that pertains to the body, you use 'jesmani'. For example, 'fa'aliyat-e jesmani' means 'physical activity', 'dard-e jesmani' means 'physical pain', and 'tavanayi-e jesmani' means 'physical ability'. This adjective is incredibly common in medical, psychological, and sports contexts. You will often see it paired with 'ravani' (psychological/mental) to cover the full spectrum of human health, as in 'salamat-e jesmani o ravani' (physical and mental health). Additionally, the word 'tajassom' (تجسم), meaning 'embodiment' or 'visualization', shares the same Arabic root (j-s-m). If you say someone is the 'tajassom-e shojahat' (embodiment of bravery), you are metaphorically giving a physical body (jesm) to an abstract concept. Recognizing these root connections makes vocabulary acquisition much faster and more intuitive.
- Derived Adjectives
- The adjective 'jesmani' is used to describe anything related to the physical body, such as physical labor or physical health.
Physical therapy helps restore the جسم after an injury.
When it comes to verbs, 'jesm' is typically the subject or the object of an action. Common verbs used with 'jesm' include 'parvaresh dadan' (to nourish/develop), 'taghviyat kardan' (to strengthen), 'asib zadan' (to damage), and 'shekl dadan' (to shape). For instance, 'varzesh jesm ra taghviyat mikonad' means 'exercise strengthens the body'. In scientific contexts, you might see verbs like 'harekat kardan' (to move), 'soghoot kardan' (to fall), or 'barkhord kardan' (to collide) used with 'jesm' or 'ajsam'. For example, 'do jesm be ham barkhord kardand' means 'two objects collided with each other'. It is also important to note the idiomatic uses. The phrase 'ba tamame jesm o jan' (with all body and soul) is a beautiful way to express total commitment or deep feeling. If you say you love someone 'ba tamame jesm o jan', it means you love them with every fiber of your being. These collocations and phrases elevate your Persian from basic communication to natural, fluent expression.
- Action Verbs
- Jesm is frequently paired with verbs related to health, movement, and physical interaction, such as strengthening or colliding.
The athletes train daily to build a powerful جسم.
The telescope allows us to see distant celestial اجسام.
He dedicated his جسم and soul to the project.
The word جسم is ubiquitous in the Persian-speaking world, echoing through a wide variety of environments, from the sterile halls of hospitals to the vibrant verses of classical poetry. One of the most common places you will hear 'jesm' is in medical and health-related contexts. When you visit a doctor in Iran, they might ask about your 'vaziyat-e jesmani' (physical condition). Health programs on television and radio constantly discuss the importance of 'salamat-e jesm' (physical health), offering advice on nutrition, exercise, and disease prevention. In these settings, 'jesm' is treated as a complex biological machine that requires maintenance, care, and sometimes medical intervention. You will hear phrases like 'asib-haye jesmi' (physical injuries) or 'moayene-ye jesmi' (physical examination). Fitness centers and gyms are another prime location for this vocabulary. Trainers will talk about 'amade-sazi-ye jesmani' (physical conditioning) and the need to push the 'jesm' to its limits to build strength and endurance. In these everyday, practical contexts, 'jesm' is a highly functional word, essential for navigating the healthcare system and participating in wellness culture.
- Healthcare Settings
- Doctors, nurses, and health professionals use jesm to discuss physical symptoms, treatments, and overall biological well-being.
The clinic provides comprehensive care for both جسم and mind.
Beyond the realm of health, 'jesm' is a cornerstone of scientific and academic discourse. Walk into a high school physics classroom in Tehran, and you will hear the teacher talking about 'ajsam' (objects) constantly. They will discuss the properties of a 'jesm-e madi' (material object), the friction between two 'ajsam', and the laws of thermodynamics affecting a 'jesm'. In astronomy, the night sky is filled with 'ajsam-e asemani' (celestial bodies). In chemistry, the focus might be on the molecular structure of a 'jesm'. In these academic environments, the word loses its biological connotations and becomes a purely physical descriptor, denoting mass, volume, and spatial presence. This scientific usage is crucial for students, researchers, and anyone reading technical literature in Persian. It demonstrates the word's incredible flexibility, capable of describing both the human heart and a distant asteroid with equal precision. For learners aiming for academic fluency, mastering the scientific collocations of 'jesm' is a necessary step.
- Academic Classrooms
- In physics and science classes, jesm is the standard term for any material object or mass being studied or observed.
The professor explained how light reflects off a solid جسم.
Finally, you will hear 'jesm' deeply woven into the fabric of Persian literature, poetry, and philosophy. Iranian culture has a rich tradition of mysticism and Sufism, where the relationship between the material world and the spiritual realm is endlessly explored. In the poetry of Rumi, Hafez, and Saadi, the 'jesm' is often portrayed as a temporary, fragile vessel for the eternal 'ruh' (soul). You will hear verses lamenting the limitations of the 'jesm-e khaki' (earthly body) and celebrating the liberation of the spirit. Even in modern, everyday conversations, this philosophical undertone persists. People might say 'jesmam injast vali rooham jaye digast' (my body is here, but my soul is elsewhere) to express distraction or longing. Funerals and religious ceremonies also heavily feature this vocabulary, discussing the return of the 'jesm' to the earth while the soul departs. This poetic and philosophical resonance gives 'jesm' a profound emotional depth, making it not just a word for physical matter, but a symbol of the human condition itself.
- Literature and Poetry
- Poets use jesm metaphorically to represent the earthly, mortal constraints that bind the immortal human spirit.
In his poetry, the جسم is merely a cage for the flying bird of the soul.
The mystic seeks to transcend the desires of the جسم.
Though his جسم was weak, his willpower was unbreakable.
When learning the word جسم, students frequently encounter a few specific pitfalls, primarily revolving around its interchangeability with similar words, its pluralization, and its register. The most common mistake is confusing 'jesm' with 'badan' (بدن). While both translate to 'body' in English, their usage in Persian is not perfectly identical. 'Badan' is almost exclusively used for the living body of a human or an animal. If you want to say 'my body aches' or 'he has a strong body', 'badan' is the most natural, everyday choice. 'Jesm', on the other hand, is slightly more formal when referring to the human body and is often used in medical, philosophical, or holistic contexts (e.g., body and soul). More importantly, 'jesm' is the ONLY correct word when referring to inanimate objects in physics or science. You cannot call a falling rock or a planet a 'badan'. A rock is a 'jesm'. Using 'badan' to describe an inanimate object is a glaring grammatical error that immediately marks the speaker as a beginner. Therefore, the rule of thumb is: use 'badan' for living bodies in casual speech, and use 'jesm' for formal health contexts, philosophical dualism, and all inanimate physical objects.
- Jesm vs. Badan
- Do not use 'badan' for inanimate objects; 'badan' is for living bodies, while 'jesm' covers both living bodies (formally) and inanimate objects.
Incorrect: The earth is a large badan. Correct: The earth is a large جسم.
Another frequent area of confusion lies in pluralization. Because Persian is an Indo-European language, learners naturally want to use the standard Persian plural suffix '-ha' (ها). While saying 'jesm-ha' (جسمها) is technically grammatically correct and will be understood, it sounds somewhat clunky and unnatural to a native speaker, especially in formal writing or scientific contexts. The word 'jesm' is an Arabic loanword, and it brought its Arabic broken plural form, 'ajsam' (اجسام), into the Persian language. Native speakers overwhelmingly prefer 'ajsam' when talking about multiple objects or bodies. For example, a science textbook will always refer to 'ajsam-e asemani' (celestial bodies), never 'jesm-ha-ye asemani'. Failing to use the broken plural 'ajsam' is a missed opportunity to sound fluent and educated. Learners should make a conscious effort to memorize 'ajsam' alongside 'jesm' as a single vocabulary unit, treating them as an irregular plural pair, much like 'child' and 'children' in English.
- Pluralization Errors
- Avoid using 'jesm-ha' in formal or scientific contexts; the Arabic broken plural 'ajsam' is heavily preferred by native speakers.
The museum displayed various ancient اجسام found in the ruins.
Finally, learners sometimes misuse the adjective form 'jesmani' (جسمانی). A common mistake is using the noun 'jesm' when the adjective 'jesmani' is required. For instance, if you want to say 'physical health', you cannot say 'salamat-e jesm' (health of the body) and 'salamat-e jesmani' (physical health) interchangeably in all grammatical structures, though they mean the same thing. If you are describing a noun, you must use the adjective. For example, 'fa'aliyat-e jesmani' (physical activity) is correct, whereas 'fa'aliyat-e jesm' (activity of the body) sounds awkward. Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse 'jesmani' with 'madi' (مادی - material). While 'jesmani' specifically relates to the physical body (usually human or animal), 'madi' relates to matter and the material world in general. You would talk about 'niyaz-haye madi' (material needs, like money and shelter), but 'niyaz-haye jesmani' (physical needs, like food and sleep). Understanding the precise boundaries of these related adjectives is crucial for advanced proficiency and accurate expression in Persian.
- Adjective Confusion
- Ensure you use the adjective 'jesmani' when modifying a noun to mean 'physical', rather than awkwardly using the noun 'jesm'.
He suffered from severe جسمانی exhaustion after the marathon.
The doctor emphasized the importance of جسمانی fitness.
Do not confuse material wealth with جسمانی health.
The Persian language is incredibly rich in vocabulary related to the physical form, offering a variety of synonyms for جسم that carry subtle differences in meaning, tone, and context. The most immediate and common synonym is 'badan' (بدن). As discussed previously, 'badan' is the everyday, colloquial word for the living human or animal body. If you are talking about body parts, feeling sick, or going to the gym, 'badan' is your go-to word. It lacks the scientific and philosophical weight of 'jesm' and is strictly confined to living organisms. Another highly poetic and literary synonym is 'tan' (تن). 'Tan' also means body, but it is deeply embedded in classical literature, poetry, and idiomatic expressions. For example, the famous idiom 'tanet salem bashe' (may your body be healthy) is a common well-wish. 'Tan' often evokes a sense of intimacy, vulnerability, or poetic grace that 'jesm' and 'badan' do not possess. It is frequently paired with 'ravan' (mind/spirit) in literary contexts, much like 'jesm' is paired with 'ruh'. Understanding when to use 'badan' for casual speech, 'jesm' for formal/scientific speech, and 'tan' for poetic/idiomatic speech is a hallmark of an advanced Persian speaker.
- Badan and Tan
- Badan is the casual word for a living body, while Tan is a poetic, literary term for the body, often used in idioms and classical verses.
His تن was weary from the long journey, but his spirit was high.
When we shift from the biological body to inanimate objects, the synonyms for 'jesm' change entirely. In the context of physics and everyday objects, a very common synonym is 'shey' (شیء), which translates directly to 'object' or 'thing'. The plural of 'shey' is 'ashya' (اشیاء). While 'jesm' often implies a certain mass or solid physical presence, 'shey' is a more general term for any item or object. For example, you might refer to household items as 'ashya-e khaneh'. In a scientific context, 'jesm' and 'shey' can sometimes be used interchangeably, but 'jesm' is preferred when discussing physical properties like mass, gravity, and velocity. Another related word is 'madeh' (ماده), which means 'matter' or 'substance'. While 'jesm' refers to a specific, discrete object, 'madeh' refers to the material that the object is made of. For instance, wood is a 'madeh', but a wooden chair is a 'jesm'. Distinguishing between an object (jesm/shey) and the matter it comprises (madeh) is essential for accurate scientific communication in Persian.
- Shey and Madeh
- Shey is a general term for an object or thing, while Madeh refers to the raw matter or substance that makes up physical entities.
The detective examined every شیء in the room for clues.
There are also several specialized synonyms that describe specific types of bodies or physical forms. The word 'peykar' (پیکر) translates to 'figure', 'form', or 'statue'. It is often used to describe the shape or outline of a body, particularly in an artistic or monumental context. For example, a sculptor works on a 'peykar', and a massive organization might be described metaphorically as having a large 'peykar'. Another interesting word is 'kalbod' (کالبد), which specifically means 'anatomy', 'corpse', or the physical framework of a body. It is often used in medical anatomy or in highly literary contexts to emphasize the empty shell of the body without the soul. For instance, 'shekaftan-e kalbod' means autopsy. Finally, 'heykal' (هیکل) refers to a person's physique, build, or stature. If someone is very tall and muscular, you might say they have a big 'heykal'. While all these words relate to the concept of a physical body, their specific nuances—whether artistic (peykar), anatomical (kalbod), or related to physical build (heykal)—demonstrate the incredible precision available in the Persian vocabulary. Mastering these synonyms allows you to paint a much more detailed and accurate picture with your words.
- Peykar, Kalbod, and Heykal
- These words offer specific nuances: Peykar for form/figure, Kalbod for anatomy/framework, and Heykal for physical build/stature.
The artist carved a beautiful پیکر out of white marble.
He has a strong هیکل because he lifts weights every day.
The medical students studied the human کالبد in the anatomy lab.
How Formal Is It?
Niveau de difficulté
Grammaire à connaître
Ezafe construction: Linking nouns to adjectives (e.g., jesm-e salem).
Arabic broken plurals in Persian: Understanding how jesm becomes ajsam.
Derivational morphology: Forming adjectives from nouns using the '-ani' suffix (jesm -> jesmani).
Compound nouns: Creating phrases like 'salamat-e jesm' (health of body).
Direct object marker 'ra': Using 'jesm ra' when the body is the receiver of an action.
Exemples par niveau
جسم من خیلی خسته است.
My body is very tired.
Using ezafe 'jesm-e man' (my body).
ورزش برای جسم خوب است.
Exercise is good for the body.
Simple preposition 'baraye' (for) + noun.
او جسم سالمی دارد.
He/She has a healthy body.
Noun + adjective with ezafe 'jesm-e salem'.
این یک جسم سنگین است.
This is a heavy object.
Jesm used as 'object'.
جسم او درد میکند.
His/Her body hurts.
Possessive pronoun attached to noun.
آب برای جسم لازم است.
Water is necessary for the body.
Basic sentence structure: Subject + prepositional phrase + adjective + verb.
من به سلامت جسم اهمیت میدهم.
I care about the health of the body.
Compound noun 'salamat-e jesm'.
آن جسم سیاه چیست؟
What is that black object?
Demonstrative pronoun 'an' + noun + adjective.
پزشک جسم بیمار را معاینه کرد.
The doctor examined the patient's body.
Jesm as the direct object with 'ra'.
ما باید از جسم خود مراقبت کنیم.
We must take care of our bodies.
Reflexive pronoun 'khod' (self/own).
این اجسام بسیار قدیمی هستند.
These objects are very old.
Introduction of the broken plural 'ajsam'.
سلامت جسم و روان هر دو مهم است.
Physical and mental health are both important.
Common collocation 'jesm o ravan'.
او قدرت جسمانی زیادی دارد.
He has a lot of physical strength.
Using the adjective form 'jesmani'.
یک جسم خارجی در چشم من است.
There is a foreign object in my eye.
Medical phrase 'jesm-e khareji'.
خواب کافی برای استراحت جسم ضروری است.
Enough sleep is essential for the body's rest.
Complex noun phrase with multiple ezafes.
آنها اجسام را به حرکت درآوردند.
They set the objects in motion.
Plural 'ajsam' as direct object.
تغذیه سالم نقش مهمی در پرورش جسم دارد.
Healthy nutrition plays an important role in developing the body.
Abstract concept 'parvaresh-e jesm' (body development).
در فیزیک، ما حرکت اجسام را مطالعه میکنیم.
In physics, we study the motion of objects.
Scientific context using plural 'ajsam'.
بیماریهای جسمانی میتوانند بر روحیه تأثیر بگذارند.
Physical illnesses can affect one's mood.
Plural adjective 'bimaray-haye jesmani'.
او با تمام جسم و جان برای موفقیت تلاش کرد.
He tried for success with all his body and soul.
Idiomatic expression 'ba tamame jesm o jan'.
جاذبه زمین همه اجسام را به سمت خود میکشد.
Earth's gravity pulls all objects towards itself.
Physics concept with 'ajsam'.
آسیبهای جسمی ناشی از تصادف بسیار شدید بود.
The physical injuries from the accident were very severe.
Formal phrase 'asib-haye jesmi'.
برخی از ورزشها به هماهنگی ذهن و جسم نیاز دارند.
Some sports require the coordination of mind and body.
Collocation 'hamahangi-e zehn o jesm'.
دمای این جسم در حال افزایش است.
The temperature of this object is increasing.
Scientific observation using 'jesm'.
در نجوم، سیارات و ستارگان به عنوان اجسام آسمانی شناخته میشوند.
In astronomy, planets and stars are known as celestial bodies.
Advanced scientific terminology 'ajsam-e asemani'.
ارتباط متقابل بین بیماریهای جسمانی و اختلالات روانی کاملاً اثبات شده است.
The reciprocal relationship between physical illnesses and psychological disorders is fully proven.
Complex academic sentence structure.
او تجسم واقعی اراده و پشتکار در برابر مشکلات بود.
He was the true embodiment of willpower and perseverance in the face of difficulties.
Using the derivative 'tajassom' (embodiment).
اصطکاک بین دو جسم باعث تولید گرما میشود.
Friction between two objects causes the production of heat.
Physics principle explained clearly.
شاعران کلاسیک اغلب جسم را به عنوان زندانی برای روح توصیف میکنند.
Classical poets often describe the body as a prison for the soul.
Literary and philosophical analysis.
قانون اول نیوتن در مورد اینرسی اجسام بحث میکند.
Newton's first law discusses the inertia of objects.
Specific scientific reference.
نیازهای جسمانی انسان باید پیش از نیازهای عالیتر برآورده شوند.
Human physical needs must be met before higher needs.
Psychological/sociological context.
سرعت سقوط یک جسم در خلاء به جرم آن بستگی ندارد.
The falling speed of an object in a vacuum does not depend on its mass.
Advanced physics statement.
در فلسفه دکارت، ثنویت ذهن و جسم یک مبحث بنیادین است.
In Descartes' philosophy, mind-body dualism is a fundamental topic.
Philosophical terminology 'sanaviyat-e zehn o jesm'.
عارفان معتقدند که با ریاضت میتوان از قید و بندهای جسم خاکی رها شد.
Mystics believe that through asceticism, one can be freed from the fetters of the earthly body.
Mystical vocabulary 'jesm-e khaki' (earthly body).
پزشکی روانتنی به بررسی تأثیرات متقابل روان بر عملکردهای جسمانی میپردازد.
Psychosomatic medicine investigates the reciprocal effects of the mind on physical functions.
Highly specialized medical terminology.
این مجسمه، تجسمی بینظیر از زیبایی و تناسب اندام در هنر یونان باستان است.
This statue is an unparalleled embodiment of beauty and bodily proportion in ancient Greek art.
Art history critique using 'tajassom'.
برخورد اجسام صلب در مکانیک کلاسیک با استفاده از قوانین بقای اندازه حرکت تحلیل میشود.
The collision of rigid bodies in classical mechanics is analyzed using the laws of conservation of momentum.
Advanced physics terminology 'ajsam-e solb' (rigid bodies).
مرگ، لحظه جدایی ابدی روح از کالبد و بازگشت جسم به طبیعت است.
Death is the moment of eternal separation of the soul from the frame, and the return of the body to nature.
Poetic and philosophical reflection on mortality.
تحلیلهای بیومکانیکی نشان میدهد که چگونه ساختار جسمانی ورزشکاران بر عملکرد آنها تأثیر میگذارد.
Biomechanical analyses show how the physical structure of athletes affects their performance.
Scientific sports analysis.
در ادبیات عرفانی، جسم به مثابه مرکبی است که روح را در مسیر تکامل یاری میدهد.
In mystical literature, the body is like a mount that assists the soul on the path of evolution.
Literary metaphor 'be masabeh-e markabi' (like a mount/vehicle).
ملاصدرا در حکمت متعالیه، نظریه حرکت جوهری را برای تبیین تکامل جسم به روح ارائه داد.
In Transcendent Theosophy, Mulla Sadra presented the theory of substantial motion to explain the evolution of the body into the soul.
Deep Islamic philosophy, highly specialized vocabulary.
در فیزیک کوانتوم، مفهوم کلاسیک جسم مادی جای خود را به توابع موج و احتمالات میدهد.
In quantum physics, the classical concept of a material object gives way to wave functions and probabilities.
Advanced theoretical physics.
پدیدارشناسی مرلوپونتی بر نقش محوری جسممندی در ادراک و تجربه زیسته انسان تأکید میورزد.
Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology emphasizes the central role of embodiment in human perception and lived experience.
Academic philosophy, using 'jesm-mandi' (embodiment).
تابش جسم سیاه، پدیدهای است که در آن یک جسم ایدهآل تمام تشعشعات الکترومغناطیسی فرودی را جذب میکند.
Black-body radiation is a phenomenon in which an ideal body absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation.
Astrophysics and thermodynamics terminology.
دوگانهانگاری دکارتی، شکافی معرفتشناختی میان ساحت جسمانی و قلمرو آگاهی ایجاد کرد که هنوز مورد بحث است.
Cartesian dualism created an epistemological rift between the physical domain and the realm of consciousness that is still debated.
Advanced epistemological debate.
در متون کهن طب سنتی، تعادل اخلاط چهارگانه ضامن سلامت جسم و اعتدال مزاج دانسته میشد.
In ancient texts of traditional medicine, the balance of the four humors was considered the guarantor of physical health and temperamental moderation.
Historical medical terminology.
استعارههای جسمانی در زبانشناسی شناختی نشان میدهند که چگونه مفاهیم انتزاعی بر پایه تجربیات فیزیکی ما شکل میگیرند.
Corporeal metaphors in cognitive linguistics show how abstract concepts are formed based on our physical experiences.
Linguistics and cognitive science.
تجسم فضایی اجسام در هندسه دیفرانسیل نیازمند درک عمیقی از خمش و توپولوژی است.
The spatial visualization of objects in differential geometry requires a deep understanding of curvature and topology.
Advanced mathematics.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
Souvent confondu avec
Expressions idiomatiques
Facile à confondre
Structures de phrases
Comment l'utiliser
While 'jesm' and 'badan' are often translated as 'body', remember that 'jesm' has a broader scientific application (meaning 'object') and a deeper philosophical resonance, whereas 'badan' is strictly biological and colloquial.
- Using 'badan' to describe inanimate objects (e.g., calling a planet a 'badan' instead of a 'jesm').
- Saying 'jesm-ha' instead of the preferred Arabic broken plural 'ajsam'.
- Using the noun 'jesm' when the adjective 'jesmani' is required (e.g., saying 'fa'aliyat-e jesm' instead of 'fa'aliyat-e jesmani').
- Confusing 'jesmani' (physical body) with 'madi' (material/matter in general).
- Forgetting the ezafe connector when adding an adjective (saying 'jesm salem' instead of 'jesm-e salem').
Astuces
Master the Ezafe
Always remember to use the ezafe (the '-e' sound) when linking 'jesm' to an adjective. For example, say 'jesm-e salem' (healthy body), not just 'jesm salem'. This is a fundamental rule of Persian grammar. It applies to all nouns, but it's especially important here to sound fluent.
Learn the Plural 'Ajsam'
Do not rely on the standard Persian plural '-ha' for this word. Memorize 'ajsam' (اجسام) as the plural of 'jesm'. Native speakers use 'ajsam' almost exclusively in formal writing and science. Using 'jesm-ha' will make you sound like a beginner.
Badan vs. Jesm
If you are talking to a friend about a stomach ache, use 'badan'. If you are writing an essay about health, use 'jesm'. Never use 'badan' to describe an inanimate object like a rock or a planet. Keep 'jesm' ready for science and formal health topics.
Jesm o Ravan
Memorize the phrase 'jesm o ravan' (body and mind) as a single unit. It is the standard way to discuss holistic health in Persian. You will hear this phrase constantly on television, in clinics, and in everyday advice.
Use 'Jesmani' for Adjectives
When you want to say 'physical', use the adjective 'jesmani'. Do not use the noun 'jesm'. For example, 'physical pain' is 'dard-e jesmani', not 'dard-e jesm'. This distinction is crucial for accurate writing.
The Body as a Cage
When reading Persian poetry, look out for metaphors describing the 'jesm' as a cage (ghafas) or a prison (zendan). This reflects the Sufi belief that the soul (ruh) is trapped in the physical world. Understanding this metaphor unlocks much of classical Persian literature.
Jesm in Physics
If you are studying science in Persian, 'jesm' translates to 'object' or 'body' (as in a body of mass). Get used to seeing phrases like 'harekat-e ajsam' (motion of objects). It strips away the biological meaning entirely in this context.
Ba Tamame Jesm o Jan
Use the idiom 'ba tamame jesm o jan' (with all body and soul) to express deep commitment. If you say you love learning Persian 'ba tamame jesm o jan', it shows a high level of cultural and linguistic fluency.
Crisp 'E' Sound
Pronounce 'jesm' with a short, crisp 'e' sound, like in the English word 'bed'. Do not elongate it into an 'ay' sound. The 's' and 'm' should blend smoothly together at the end.
Expand to 'Tan' and 'Peykar'
Once you master 'jesm', start incorporating 'tan' (for poetic contexts) and 'peykar' (for forms/figures) into your vocabulary. This will add color and precision to your advanced Persian writing.
Mémorise-le
Origine du mot
Arabic
Contexte culturel
Iranians place a high value on physical appearance and fitness, so discussions about 'parvaresh-e jesm' (bodybuilding/fitness) are very common in modern urban culture.
In classical poetry, 'jesm' is often paired with 'jan' (life force) or 'ruh' (soul) to explore the human condition, mortality, and the divine spark within the material form.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Amorces de conversation
"برای حفظ سلامت جسم خود چه کارهایی انجام میدهید؟ (What do you do to maintain your physical health?)"
"آیا فکر میکنید سلامت روان مهمتر از سلامت جسم است؟ (Do you think mental health is more important than physical health?)"
"در فیزیک، تفاوت بین جسم و ماده چیست؟ (In physics, what is the difference between an object and matter?)"
"چگونه میتوانیم بین نیازهای جسم و روح تعادل ایجاد کنیم؟ (How can we create a balance between the needs of the body and the soul?)"
"به نظر شما بهترین ورزش برای تقویت جسم چیست؟ (In your opinion, what is the best sport for strengthening the body?)"
Sujets d'écriture
Describe a time when your 'jesm' (body) felt completely exhausted but your mind was awake.
Write about the relationship between 'jesm' and 'ruh' as you understand it from Persian poetry.
List five 'ajsam' (objects) in your room and describe their physical properties in Persian.
Reflect on how modern lifestyle affects our 'salamat-e jesmani' (physical health).
Write a short story about a scientist discovering a mysterious celestial 'jesm'.
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsYes, in a scientific or physics context, a car or a table is considered a 'jesm' (an object with mass). However, in everyday conversation, you would just call them by their names or use the word 'shey' (thing). You wouldn't point to a table and say 'look at that jesm' unless you were discussing its physical properties like weight or gravity. In physics class, however, it is the perfect word.
'Badan' is the common, everyday word for the living body of a human or animal. 'Jesm' is more formal and can refer to both the living body and inanimate objects. You can say 'my badan hurts' or 'my jesm hurts', but only 'jesm' can be used to describe a falling rock or a planet. Using 'badan' for an inanimate object is incorrect.
Because 'jesm' is an Arabic loanword, it uses the Arabic broken plural 'ajsam' (اجسام). This is the most common and natural way to pluralize it, especially in formal or scientific contexts. While 'jesm-ha' (جسمها) is grammatically understood, native speakers strongly prefer 'ajsam'. Always use 'ajsam' when talking about multiple objects or bodies.
'Jesmani' is the adjective form of 'jesm' and means 'physical' or 'corporeal'. You use it to describe nouns that relate to the body. For example, 'khastegi-e jesmani' means physical exhaustion, and 'salamat-e jesmani' means physical health. It is a very common and useful adjective in medical and sports contexts.
In Iranian culture, literature, and Islamic philosophy, there is a strong tradition of dualism—the idea that humans consist of a material part and a spiritual part. 'Jesm' represents the temporary, physical body, while 'ruh' represents the eternal soul. Poets like Rumi frequently explore the tension between the desires of the 'jesm' and the aspirations of the 'ruh'.
Yes, 'jesm' is frequently used in sports and fitness contexts. The term 'parvaresh-e jesm' literally means 'nourishing the body' and is the standard Persian term for bodybuilding. Trainers will also talk about 'amade-sazi-ye jesmani' (physical conditioning) and building a strong 'jesm' through exercise.
While 'jesm' can refer to a dead body (often phrased as 'jesm-e bi-jan', meaning lifeless body), the more specific words for a corpse are 'jasad' (جسد) or 'jenaazeh' (جنازه). 'Jesm' focuses more on the physical form itself rather than the state of being dead. 'Kalbod' (کالبد) is also used in literary or medical contexts for the physical frame.
'Ajsam-e asemani' translates to 'celestial bodies'. It is the standard scientific term used in astronomy to describe planets, stars, asteroids, and moons. This highlights the use of 'jesm' (in its plural form 'ajsam') to describe massive physical objects in space, far removed from the biological meaning of 'body'.
The most common and natural way to say this is 'salamat-e jesm o ravan' (سلامت جسم و روان). Here, 'jesm' stands for the physical body, and 'ravan' stands for the mind or psyche. You can also use the adjective forms: 'salamat-e jesmani o ravani'. Both phrases are widely used in news, medicine, and daily conversation.
'Jesm' is slightly more formal than 'badan' when referring to the human body, but it is not overly archaic or restricted. It is standard vocabulary in news, science, medicine, and literature. In casual street slang, you will hear 'badan' more often, but every Persian speaker uses and understands 'jesm' perfectly.
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Summary
Understanding 'jesm' is essential for navigating both everyday health conversations and advanced scientific or philosophical texts in Persian. It bridges the gap between the simple physical body and complex material objects, serving as a foundational concept in the language.
- The primary meaning of jesm is the physical body, often used in medical or health contexts to distinguish the physical form from the mental state.
- In physics and science, jesm translates to 'object' or 'body', such as a falling object, a celestial body, or any material item with mass.
- Philosophically, it is frequently contrasted with 'ruh' (soul) or 'zehn' (mind), highlighting the dualistic nature of human existence in Persian literature and poetry.
- It forms the root of many related words like 'jesmani' (physical) and 'tajassom' (embodiment), making it a crucial base word for advancing Persian vocabulary.
Master the Ezafe
Always remember to use the ezafe (the '-e' sound) when linking 'jesm' to an adjective. For example, say 'jesm-e salem' (healthy body), not just 'jesm salem'. This is a fundamental rule of Persian grammar. It applies to all nouns, but it's especially important here to sound fluent.
Learn the Plural 'Ajsam'
Do not rely on the standard Persian plural '-ha' for this word. Memorize 'ajsam' (اجسام) as the plural of 'jesm'. Native speakers use 'ajsam' almost exclusively in formal writing and science. Using 'jesm-ha' will make you sound like a beginner.
Badan vs. Jesm
If you are talking to a friend about a stomach ache, use 'badan'. If you are writing an essay about health, use 'jesm'. Never use 'badan' to describe an inanimate object like a rock or a planet. Keep 'jesm' ready for science and formal health topics.
Jesm o Ravan
Memorize the phrase 'jesm o ravan' (body and mind) as a single unit. It is the standard way to discuss holistic health in Persian. You will hear this phrase constantly on television, in clinics, and in everyday advice.
Contenu associé
Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Expressions liées
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عارضه
B1Un effet secondaire ou une complication médicale.
اعصاب
B1Les fibres ou faisceaux de fibres qui transmettent les impulsions de sensation et de mouvement. (Les nerfs sont essentiels pour que votre corps puisse ressentir et bouger.)
عضلات
A2Les tissus du corps qui peuvent se contracter pour produire un mouvement. Les muscles sont essentiels à l'activité physique.
عضله
A2Muscle : Le tissu du corps qui permet le mouvement. Le muscle cardiaque est essentiel à la vie. Il faut faire attention aux muscles lors d'exercices intenses.
عفونت
A2L'invasion des tissus d'un organisme par des agents pathogènes. 'Il a une infection à l'oreille.'
علائم
A2Les symptômes de la grippe incluent la fièvre. (Flu symptoms include fever.)
عمل
A1Une intervention chirurgicale; une opération. 'Il a subi une opération du cœur' se traduit par 'او عمل قلب داشت'.
عمل جراحی
A2Une intervention chirurgicale. Le médecin a dit que l'opération chirurgicale était nécessaire.
عموماً
B1Généralement, dans la plupart des cas.
عمیقاً
B1Il est profondément triste de voir cette situation. (He is deeply sad to see this situation.)
