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A2 noun #2,400 le plus courant 6 min de lecture

قربانی

qorbani
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces قربانی en 30 secondes
Explication قربانی in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should recognize 'Ghorbāni' in its simplest form: a person who is hurt. You might see it in basic news headlines or simple stories. At this stage, focus on the phrase 'ghorbāni shod' (became a victim). Think of it as the word for 'victim' when someone is sad or hurt in a story. You don't need to worry about the religious or complex metaphorical meanings yet. Just remember: Ghorbāni = Victim. For example, 'The cat was a victim of the cold.' Even if it's a bit advanced, knowing this one word helps you understand many news titles. It is a 'heavy' word, so use it when something bad happens to someone. Also, you might hear 'Ghorbānat' in movies; just know it's a very polite way to say 'dear' or 'thanks'.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'Ghorbāni' in compound sentences. You should be able to describe what someone is a victim of using the Ezafe (-ye). For example, 'ghorbāni-ye jangi' (war victim) or 'ghorbāni-ye tasāfof' (accident victim). You are also introduced to the verb 'ghorbāni kardan' (to sacrifice). You can use this for simple things, like 'He sacrificed his money for his friend.' You should also recognize the word in the context of 'Eid-e Ghorban,' the holiday. At this level, you are moving from just recognizing the word to using it to describe basic cause-and-effect situations involving harm or giving something up for others.
At the B1 level, you should understand the nuance between 'Ghorbāni' and related words like 'Masdum' (injured) or 'Koshte' (killed). You can use 'Ghorbāni' in more abstract contexts, such as being a 'victim of circumstances' or 'victim of a lie.' You should be comfortable using it in written paragraphs about social issues or history. Your understanding of the word should now include its role in 'Ta'arof' (Persian etiquette). You should know that when someone says 'Ghorbānat,' they aren't literally offering to die for you, but expressing high-level warmth. You can also start using the word in the plural form 'Ghorbāniyān' when discussing groups of people in news-style writing.
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At the B2 level, you should be able to discuss the sociological implications of being a 'ghorbāni.' This includes terms like 'victimization' or 'victim-blaming.' You can use the word in complex debates about justice, law, and morality. You should understand how the word is used in Persian literature to describe the 'lover' who is a sacrifice for the 'beloved.' Your vocabulary should include collocations like 'ghorbāni-ye bi-gonāh' (innocent victim) and 'ghorbāni-ye siyāsat' (victim of politics). You should be able to read an editorial in a Persian newspaper and understand the specific emotional or political tone the author is setting by choosing 'ghorbāni' over a more neutral word like 'khesārat-dide.'
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At the C1 level, you possess a deep understanding of the etymological and philosophical roots of 'Ghorbāni.' You can analyze how the Arabic root 'Q-R-B' influences the Persian perception of sacrifice as a means of 'attaining closeness.' You can use the word in academic writing, legal analysis, or literary criticism. You should be able to distinguish between the various registers of the word—from the street-level 'Ghorbānat beram' to the high-literary 'Fadā-ye rāh-e dust.' You can also use the word in sophisticated metaphors, such as 'sacrificing the truth for the sake of expediency.' Your usage should reflect an awareness of the word's historical weight and its power to evoke specific cultural archetypes.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'Ghorbāni' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You can navigate the most subtle nuances of the word in classical poetry, mystical texts (Sufism), and modern political rhetoric. You understand the psychoanalytic dimensions of the 'victim complex' (ghorbāni-shavandegi) in Persian discourse. You can use the word to construct powerful rhetorical arguments, utilizing its dual nature as both a tragic figure and a sacred offering. You are also expert in the subtle variations of 'Ta'arof' involving the word, knowing exactly when and with whom to use specific 'ghorbān'-based expressions to navigate complex social hierarchies in Iran.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

قربانی en 30 secondes

  • Ghorbāni means victim or sacrifice.
  • It is used for people in accidents or crimes.
  • It is also used for religious offerings.
  • Common in news, literature, and polite speech.

The Persian word قربانی (Ghorbāni) is a multi-layered noun that bridges the gap between ancient ritualistic practices and modern legal or social terminology. At its core, it refers to a 'victim' or a 'sacrifice.' Derived from the Arabic root Q-R-B (meaning 'closeness' or 'proximity'), the original theological context implies an act performed to draw nearer to a deity. In contemporary Persian, however, its most frequent usage is to describe an individual who has suffered harm, injury, or death due to external circumstances such as crimes, accidents, or natural disasters.

Etymological Root
From the Arabic 'Qurban', signifying an offering made to God.
Modern Semantic Shift
Transitioned from purely religious 'sacrifice' to the secular 'victim' of modern society.
Grammatical Role
Primarily a noun, but functions as part of compound verbs like 'ghorbāni kardan'.

او قربانی یک سوءتفاهم بزرگ شد.

— Translation: He became the victim of a great misunderstanding.

Understanding 'Ghorbāni' requires recognizing its emotional weight. When used in the context of 'Eid-e Ghorban' (the Feast of Sacrifice), it carries a sense of sacred duty and charity. Conversely, in news reports about a 'ghorbāni-ye tasāfof' (accident victim), it evokes empathy and legal gravity. The word encompasses both the person who is lost and the act of losing something for a perceived higher purpose. This duality makes it one of the most poignant words in the Persian lexicon, appearing in poetry, legal documents, and daily conversation alike.

بسیاری از مردم قربانی جنگ شدند.

— Translation: Many people became victims of the war.

این حیوان برای مراسم قربانی آماده شده است.

— Translation: This animal has been prepared for the sacrifice ceremony.

ما نباید قربانی تبلیغات دروغین شویم.

— Translation: We should not fall victim to false advertisements.

او جانش را قربانی راه آزادی کرد.

— Translation: He sacrificed his life for the cause of freedom.
Synonym Note
'Majruh' means injured, while 'Ghorbāni' usually implies a deeper level of suffering or fatality.

Using 'Ghorbāni' effectively involves mastering its compound verb forms and understanding the prepositional relationships it requires. The most common verb associated with it is شدن (shodan), meaning 'to become'. When someone is a victim of something, we say they became the 'ghorbāni' of that event. For example, 'ghorbāni-ye zelzele shodan' (to become a victim of the earthquake). This structure is essential for reporting news or describing unfortunate events.

  • Passive Usage: [Noun] + قربانی + [Event] + شد. (e.g., Ali ghorbāni-ye tasāfof shod).
  • Active Usage (Sacrifice): [Subject] + [Object] + را + قربانی + کرد. (e.g., Mother sacrificed her sleep for the child).

In the context of 'sacrifice' (the act of giving something up), the verb کردن (kardan) is used. This can be literal, such as 'ghorbāni kardan-e gusfand' (sacrificing a sheep), or metaphorical, such as 'ghorbāni kardan-e vāght' (sacrificing time). It is important to distinguish between these two because the emotional tone shifts significantly. Literal sacrifice is often ritualistic, while metaphorical sacrifice is often about devotion or prioritization.

Another important construction is the use of 'ghorbāni' in social justice and psychology. Terms like 'ghorbāni-setāyi' (victim-blaming) or 'ehsās-e ghorbāni budan' (feeling like a victim) are common in academic and self-help circles. When using the word, always consider if you are describing a passive recipient of harm or a deliberate act of giving. The grammar remains largely the same, but the context dictates the listener's reaction.

You will encounter 'Ghorbāni' in several distinct environments. The most prevalent is the News and Media. Whether it is a broadcast about a flood, a plane crash, or a cyber-attack, the word 'ghorbāni' is the standard term for those affected. Headlines often read 'Ghorbāniyān-e havādes-e jādde-yi' (Victims of road accidents). If you are reading a newspaper or watching BBC Persian or Iran International, this word will appear in almost every segment involving conflict or tragedy.

The second major environment is Religious and Cultural Festivals. During 'Eid al-Adha' (known in Iran as Eid-e Ghorban), the word is everywhere. You will see signs for 'ghorbāni-ye nazri' (votive sacrifices) and hear people discussing the distribution of meat to the poor. In this context, the word is associated with generosity, tradition, and community service rather than tragedy.

Thirdly, 'Ghorbāni' is a staple of Persian Literature and Poetry. Classical poets like Rumi or Hafez often use the concept of being a 'sacrifice' for the beloved (Ma'shuq). In this romantic or mystical sense, being a 'ghorbāni' is a noble state of total surrender. Finally, in Daily Ta'arof, you might hear 'Ghorbānat' or 'Ghorbān-e shomā' as a way of saying 'thank you' or 'at your service.' While the literal meaning is 'your sacrifice,' it is used as a high-register polite filler.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 'Ghorbāni' with تلفات (Talfāt). While both relate to loss, 'Talfāt' is a collective noun usually referring to the number of casualties or fatalities in a military or large-scale disaster context. You wouldn't say 'I am a talfāt of this scam'; you would say 'I am a ghorbāni of this scam.' 'Ghorbāni' focuses on the individual experience of being harmed.

Another mistake is using 'ghorbāni' when you mean ضرر (Zarar) or خسارت (Khesārat). If your car is damaged, the car is not a 'ghorbāni' in the standard sense; it has suffered 'khesārat.' 'Ghorbāni' is almost exclusively reserved for sentient beings (humans and animals) who suffer. Using it for inanimate objects can sound overly dramatic or personified.

Learners also struggle with the 'Ezafe' construction. Remember that when you are a victim *of* something, you must use the Ezafe: 'ghorbāni-ye...' (victim of...). Forgetting the 'ye' sound at the end of 'ghorbāni' makes the sentence grammatically incomplete. Lastly, avoid overusing the Ta'arof version 'Ghorbānat' in formal business emails unless you have a very close relationship with the recipient, as it can come across as overly informal or emotional.

To expand your vocabulary, it is helpful to compare 'Ghorbāni' with its synonyms and related terms. مصدوم (Masdum) refers specifically to someone who is 'injured' but alive. While a 'ghorbāni' can be alive or dead, 'masdum' is strictly for the wounded. In a news report, you might hear: 'Two ghorbāni (dead) and five masdum (injured).'

فدا (Fadā) is another close relative. While 'ghorbāni' can be accidental, 'fadā' almost always implies a voluntary sacrifice. If a soldier gives his life for his country, he is 'fadā-yi' (one who sacrificed himself). 'Ghorbāni' is more often used for those who had no choice in their suffering. Understanding this distinction between 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' is key to advanced Persian.

شکار (Shekār) literally means 'prey' or 'quarry.' In a metaphorical sense, someone can be the 'shekār' of a predator or a con artist. While 'ghorbāni' is the standard term, 'shekār' adds a predatory nuance. Finally, آسیب‌دیده (Āsib-dide) means 'damaged' or 'affected.' This is a broader, softer term often used for people affected by social issues or minor accidents where 'victim' might feel too heavy a word.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe construction

Compound verbs with 'shodan' and 'kardan'

Pluralization of human nouns with -ān

Direct object marker 'rā'

Preposition 'az' with support verbs

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Exemples par niveau

1

او قربانی شد.

He became a victim.

Simple past tense with 'shodan'.

2

قربانی کیست؟

Who is the victim?

Interrogative sentence.

3

آن مرد قربانی است.

That man is a victim.

Subject + Noun + Copula.

4

من قربانی نیستم.

I am not a victim.

Negative copula.

5

قربانی کوچک بود.

The victim was small.

Adjective modifying the noun.

6

ما برای او قربانی دادیم.

We gave a sacrifice for him.

Simple past of 'ghorbāni dādan'.

7

او قربانیِ سرما شد.

He became a victim of the cold.

Ezafe construction (-ye).

8

قربانی را کمک کنید.

Help the victim.

Imperative with direct object marker 'rā'.

1

بسیاری از حیوانات قربانیِ خشکسالی شدند.

Many animals became victims of the drought.

Plural subject with plural verb.

2

او پولش را قربانیِ خانواده‌اش کرد.

He sacrificed his money for his family.

Compound verb 'ghorbāni kardan'.

3

عید قربان یکی از بزرگترین جشن‌ها است.

Eid al-Adha is one of the biggest festivals.

Proper noun usage.

4

پلیس به دنبال قربانیِ دزدی می‌گردد.

The police are looking for the victim of the theft.

Present continuous tense.

5

او قربانیِ یک تصادف رانندگی شد.

He became a victim of a driving accident.

Compound noun with Ezafe.

6

نباید قربانیِ ترس خود شوی.

You should not become a victim of your own fear.

Modal verb 'nabāyad'.

7

آن‌ها برای مراسم، گوسفندی را قربانی کردند.

They sacrificed a sheep for the ceremony.

Indefinite 'i' marker.

8

قربانیان این حادثه به بیمارستان رفتند.

The victims of this incident went to the hospital.

Plural suffix '-ān' for humans.

1

او احساس می‌کند قربانیِ بی‌عدالتی شده است.

He feels he has become a victim of injustice.

Present perfect tense in a subordinate clause.

2

دولت باید از قربانیانِ جرم حمایت کند.

The government must support the victims of crime.

Use of 'az' (from/of) with 'hemāyat kardan'.

3

او وقتش را قربانیِ یادگیریِ زبان کرد.

He sacrificed his time for learning a language.

Metaphorical use of sacrifice.

4

نامِ قربانی هنوز فاش نشده است.

The victim's name has not been revealed yet.

Passive voice 'fāsh nashode ast'.

5

او قربانیِ یک کلاهبرداریِ اینترنتی شد.

He became a victim of an internet scam.

Modern vocabulary collocation.

6

در این جنگ، غیرنظامیان قربانیانِ اصلی هستند.

In this war, civilians are the main victims.

Adjective 'asli' (main) modifying victims.

7

او همیشه خودش را قربانی نشان می‌دهد.

He always portrays himself as a victim.

Reflexive pronoun 'khodash'.

8

قربانی کردنِ گاو در برخی فرهنگ‌ها رایج است.

Sacrificing a cow is common in some cultures.

Gerund-like usage of the compound verb.

1

روانشناسان درباره‌ی ذهنیتِ قربانی هشدار می‌دهند.

Psychologists warn about the victim mentality.

Abstract noun 'zehniyat'.

2

او قربانیِ جاه‌طلبی‌هایِ بی‌پایانِ خود شد.

He became a victim of his own endless ambitions.

Complex Ezafe chain.

3

قربانیانِ بمبارانِ شیمیایی هنوز رنج می‌برند.

The victims of chemical bombing are still suffering.

Present continuous 'ranj mibarand'.

4

او حاضر نشد اصولش را قربانیِ مصلحت کند.

He refused to sacrifice his principles for expediency.

Negative past 'hāzer nashod'.

5

این فیلم به بررسیِ زندگیِ قربانیانِ تجاوز می‌پردازد.

This film examines the lives of victims of assault.

Formal verb 'be ... mi-pardāzad'.

6

او قربانیِ یک توطئه‌یِ سیاسیِ پیچیده شد.

He became a victim of a complex political conspiracy.

Adjective 'pichide' (complex).

7

جامعه نباید قربانی را به خاطرِ جرم سرزنش کند.

Society should not blame the victim for the crime.

Victim-blaming context.

8

او تمامِ دارایی‌اش را قربانیِ آرمان‌هایش کرد.

He sacrificed all his assets for his ideals.

Noun 'dārāyi' (assets/possessions).

1

ادبیاتِ کلاسیکِ ما سرشار از مفهومِ قربانی شدن در راهِ معشوق است.

Our classical literature is full of the concept of being a sacrifice for the beloved.

Literary register.

2

او قربانیِ ساختارهایِ ناعادلانه‌یِ اجتماعی گشت.

He became a victim of unjust social structures.

Formal verb 'gasht' instead of 'shod'.

3

قربانی کردنِ حقیقت در پایِ سیاست، فاجعه‌بار است.

Sacrificing truth at the altar of politics is disastrous.

Metaphorical 'pāy' (foot/altar).

4

او با رویکردی پدیدارشناسانه به تحلیلِ جایگاهِ قربانی پرداخت.

He analyzed the position of the victim with a phenomenological approach.

Academic vocabulary.

5

قربانیانِ خاموشِ فقر، صدایی در رسانه‌ها ندارند.

The silent victims of poverty have no voice in the media.

Metaphorical adjective 'khāmush'.

6

او میانِ قربانی بودن و قهرمان بودن، دومی را برگزید.

Between being a victim and being a hero, he chose the latter.

Infinitive as a noun 'ghorbāni budan'.

7

این نهاد برای احقاقِ حقوقِ قربانیانِ جنگ تلاش می‌کند.

This institution strives for the realization of the rights of war victims.

Formal phrase 'ehghāgh-e hoghugh'.

8

او قربانیِ پارادوکس‌هایِ مدرنیته شده است.

He has become a victim of the paradoxes of modernity.

Philosophical context.

1

تجلیِ مفهومِ قربانی در اساطیرِ کهن، نشان از ریشه‌هایِ عمیقِ این واژه دارد.

The manifestation of the concept of sacrifice in ancient myths indicates the deep roots of this word.

High-level abstract subject.

2

او در قامتِ یک قربانی، به نقدِ تمام‌عیارِ قدرت برخاست.

In the guise of a victim, he rose to a full-scale critique of power.

Idiomatic 'dar ghāmat-e' (in the guise/stature of).

3

قربانی‌انگاریِ مداوم، مانع از کنشگریِ موثرِ سیاسی می‌شود.

Constant victim-thinking prevents effective political activism.

Complex noun formation 'ghorbāni-engāri'.

4

او جانِ شیفته‌اش را قربانیِ آستانِ دوست کرد.

He sacrificed his enamored soul at the threshold of the Friend (God/Beloved).

Sufi/Mystical terminology.

5

دیالکتیکِ میانِ قربانی و جلاد، بن‌مایه‌یِ بسیاری از تراژدی‌هاست.

The dialectic between the victim and the executioner is the motif of many tragedies.

Philosophical 'dialektik'.

6

او قربانیِ هژمونیِ فرهنگیِ حاکم بر جامعه گشت.

He became a victim of the dominant cultural hegemony in society.

Sociological 'hezhmoni'.

7

استحالهِ مفهومِ قربانی از امرِ قدسی به امرِ عرفی، مسیری طولانی را پیموده است.

The transformation of the concept of sacrifice from the sacred to the secular has traveled a long path.

Formal 'estahāle' (transformation).

8

او در کشاکشِ میانِ عقل و عشق، عقل را قربانی کرد.

In the struggle between reason and love, he sacrificed reason.

Literary 'keshākash' (struggle/tussle).

Collocations courantes

قربانی گرفتن
قربانی شدن
قربانی کردن
قربانی بی‌گناه
قربانی جنگ
قربانی تجاوز
قربانی حادثه
قربانی سیاست
قربانی جهل
مراسم قربانی

Phrases Courantes

عید قربان
قربانیان حادثه
قربانت بروم
گوسفند قربانی
قربانی کردن منافع
حقوق قربانیان
شناسایی قربانی
کمک به قربانی
قربانی شرایط
قربانی عشق

Souvent confondu avec

قربانی vs تلفات (Casualties)

قربانی vs مصدوم (Injured)

قربانی vs خسارت (Damage)

Expressions idiomatiques

"قربانی کردن کسی پای چیزی"
"قربانی شدن در راه هدف"
"قربانیِ دست‌وپابسته"
"گوسفندِ قربانی (Scapegoat)"
"قربان‌صدقه رفتن"
"قربانت شوم"
"خود را قربانی کردن"
"قربانیِ مصلحت"
"قربانیِ هوس"
"قربانیِ زمانه"

Facile à confondre

قربانی vs تلفات

Used for numbers/statistics of dead.

قربانی vs مصدوم

Only for living injured people.

قربانی vs فدا

Usually implies voluntary heroic sacrifice.

قربانی vs شکار

Literal prey or metaphorical target.

قربانی vs آسیب

General harm or damage.

Structures de phrases

Famille de mots

Apparenté

قریب
مقرب
تقریب
قربت
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Comment l'utiliser

victim

Passive, usually negative.

sacrifice

Active, can be positive or ritualistic.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using Ghorbāni for inanimate objects.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe in 'ghorbāni-ye...'
  • Confusing it with 'Talfāt' in statistical contexts.
  • Using 'Ghorbānat' in a formal job interview.
  • Mispronouncing the 'Gh' as a hard 'G'.

Astuces

News Context

Whenever you hear about a disaster, look for 'Ghorbāni' to find the number of people affected.

Ta'arof Power

Using 'Ghorbānat' shows you have reached a high level of cultural fluency.

Ezafe Rule

Always use the 'ye' sound after Ghorbāni when saying 'victim of...'

Pronunciation

The 'Gh' sound is a deep guttural sound, like the French 'r' but stronger.

Formal Reports

In formal writing, use 'Ghorbāniyān' for the plural to sound more professional.

Radio Clues

Radio news often repeats this word in the 'Havādes' (incidents) section.

Visual Link

Imagine a scale where one side is a person and the other is a tragedy.

Don't Overuse

In professional settings, stick to 'ghorbāni-ye حادثه' rather than 'ghorbānat'.

Scapegoat

Use 'Gusfand-e Ghorbāni' to describe someone blamed for others' mistakes.

Empathy

Using this word shows you recognize the suffering of others.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Arabic

Contexte culturel

Ta'arof usage

Eid-e Ghorban

Sufi mysticism

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"نظر شما درباره عید قربان چیست؟"

"چگونه می‌توان از قربانیان جرم حمایت کرد؟"

"آیا تا به حال قربانی یک کلاهبرداری شده‌اید؟"

"در زندگی چه چیزهایی را باید قربانی کرد؟"

"چرا در ایران مردم زیاد از کلمه 'قربانت' استفاده می‌کنند؟"

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a time you sacrificed something for a friend.

Describe a news story about a victim of a natural disaster.

Reflect on the phrase 'victim mentality'.

How does your culture view sacrifice?

Write a letter using 'Ghorbānat' correctly.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, it can mean someone who was harmed or lost money/rights, not just death.

It has religious roots but in daily life, it is just a very polite way to say 'I care about you'.

No, that would be 'khesārat'. Ghorbāni is for living things.

Ghorbāniyān (for people) or Ghorbāni-hā.

Yes, Ghorbāni is a very common surname in Iran.

Ghorbāni-setāyi or nakohish-e ghorbāni.

Yes, it is a major public holiday in Iran.

No, it is a noun, but it forms compound verbs like 'ghorbāni kardan'.

In a crime, it's 'Mojrem' (criminal) or 'Zālem' (oppressor).

Yes, it is used to refer to the injured party in a case.

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