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B1 noun 9 min de lecture

مسموم

masmum
Exemples Notes et astuces مسموم en 30 secondes
Explication مسموم in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'masmoum' in the context of feeling sick from food. Think of it as 'I ate something bad and my stomach hurts.' You will mostly use it with 'shodam' (I became). For example, 'Man masmoum shodam' means 'I got food poisoning.' At this stage, don't worry about the Arabic root or metaphorical meanings. Just remember: Masmoum = Sick from food. It is a very useful word if you are traveling in Iran and need to tell a doctor or a friend why you feel unwell. You might hear it in a simple sentence like: 'In ghaza bad bud, u masmoum shod' (This food was bad, he got poisoned). Focus on the physical feeling of being sick after eating. It is a 'state' word, describing how you are right now.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'masmoum' more accurately with specific foods and simple causes. You should be able to say things like 'I became poisoned by the fish' (Ba mahi masmoum shodam). You also begin to understand the difference between 'masmoum' (the person) and 'sammi' (the thing). You know that 'ghaza-ye sammi' (poisonous food) is the cause, and 'man-e masmoum' (poisoned me) is the result. You might also encounter the noun 'masmoumiat' in simple health warnings. You can use it to describe why you missed a class or a meeting: 'Dierouz masmoum shodeh budam, natavanestam biayam' (Yesterday I had been poisoned/had food poisoning, I couldn't come). You are moving from just 'feeling sick' to identifying the cause as 'poisoning.'
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'masmoum' in both physical and metaphorical contexts. This is the level where you start talking about 'toxic relationships' (rabete-ye masmoum) or a 'toxic environment' (mohit-e masmoum). You understand that 'masmoum' implies something has been corrupted or made harmful. You can use it to talk about environmental issues like 'poisoned water' (ab-e masmoum) or 'poisoned air' (hava-ye masmoum). You are also expected to use the correct prepositions like 'ba' (with) or 'tavasote' (by) in more complex sentences. You can distinguish between 'masmoum' and 'fased' (spoiled) or 'aloudeh' (contaminated), choosing the right word for the right situation. For example, you know that air is usually 'aloudeh' but can be 'masmoum' if there is a gas leak.
At the B2 level, you use 'masmoum' with nuance and can participate in discussions about social and political 'toxicity.' You can describe how 'poisoned ideologies' (ideolozhi-haye masmoum) affect a society or how 'poisoned propaganda' (tabliqat-e masmoum) influences public opinion. You are familiar with formal and literary uses, such as 'masmoum gardidan' (to become poisoned - formal). You can explain the medical difference between various types of 'masmoumiat' (poisoning), such as 'masmoumiat-e darouyi' (drug overdose/poisoning) or 'masmoumiat-e khoun' (blood poisoning/sepsis). Your vocabulary is rich enough to use 'masmoum' as a powerful adjective to add weight to your arguments about negative influences in life, work, or politics.
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At the C1 level, 'masmoum' is a tool for sophisticated analysis. You can use it in academic or professional settings to describe 'poisoned assets' in finance or 'poisoned wells' in rhetorical strategy. You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and how it has evolved in Persian literature from the classical period to modern prose. You can identify 'masmoum' in complex poetry where it might represent a 'poisoned heart' or a 'poisoned soul' due to unrequited love or betrayal. You are sensitive to the register of the word, knowing when to use 'zahr-aloud' for a more poetic effect versus 'masmoum' for a more clinical or modern social effect. You can also discuss the socio-linguistic impact of 'toxic' culture and how the Persian word 'masmoum' has adapted to reflect global psychological trends.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'مسموم'. You can use it to discuss the most abstract philosophical concepts, such as the 'poisoning of the existential well' or the 'toxic nature of absolute power.' You can effortlessly switch between medical, legal, poetic, and colloquial registers. You understand the subtle irony or sarcasm when someone uses 'masmoum' in a joking way to describe a bad cup of tea or a boring party. You are capable of writing critiques of literature or film where you analyze the 'masmoum' dynamics between characters with precision. You know all the rare synonyms and can explain the subtle differences between 'masmoum,' 'sam-ageen,' 'zahr-ajin,' and 'mokal-laf.' Your use of the word is not just correct; it is stylistically appropriate for any given high-level context.
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Exemples Notes et astuces

مسموم en 30 secondes

  • Means 'poisoned' or 'intoxicated'.
  • Used for food poisoning (physical).
  • Used for toxic relationships (metaphorical).
  • Distinguished from 'sammi' (poisonous).

The word مسموم (masmoum) is a fundamental Persian adjective and noun derived from the Arabic root 's-m-m' (س-م-م), which relates to poison or venom. In its most literal sense, it describes a person, animal, or living organism that has ingested, inhaled, or absorbed a toxic substance. However, like its English counterpart 'poisoned,' its usage extends far beyond the emergency room into the realms of psychology, sociology, and environmental science. In the modern Persian lexicon, calling something 'masmoum' often implies a state of corruption or harmful influence that renders the subject unfit or dangerous.

Physical State
When a person eats spoiled food at a restaurant, they are described as 'masmoum.' This is the most common everyday usage, specifically in the context of 'masmoumiat-e ghazaayi' (food poisoning).
Environmental Context
In discussions about pollution, 'masmoum' can describe air or water that has been rendered lethal or harmful due to chemical leakage or heavy industrial smog, though 'aloudeh' (contaminated) is a frequent synonym here.
Metaphorical/Social Usage
In contemporary Iranian discourse, particularly among the youth and in psychological circles, 'masmoum' describes toxic relationships (rabete-ye masmoum) or toxic environments (mohit-e masmoum) where the atmosphere is emotionally draining or harmful.

او پس از خوردن ماهی مانده، به شدت مسموم شد و به بیمارستان منتقل گشت.

Translation: After eating stale fish, he became severely poisoned and was transferred to the hospital.

Understanding the nuance between 'masmoum' and 'sammi' is crucial for learners. While 'sammi' (toxic/poisonous) describes the substance or the entity that *possesses* the poison (like a snake or a chemical), 'masmoum' describes the *victim* or the state of being affected by that poison. You would say a snake is 'sammi,' but the person bitten by it becomes 'masmoum.' This distinction mirrors the English difference between 'poisonous' and 'poisoned.'

افکار مسموم می‌تواند کل جامعه را به نابودی بکشاند.

Translation: Poisoned thoughts can lead an entire society to destruction.

In literature and poetry, 'masmoum' is often used to describe the 'poisoning' of one's soul or mind by jealousy, hatred, or false ideologies. A 'poisoned atmosphere' (fazaye masmoum) in a political context refers to a situation rife with distrust and misinformation. This versatility makes 'masmoum' a high-frequency word for B1 learners who are moving beyond basic survival Persian into more descriptive and abstract communication.

هوا به دلیل نشت گاز کلر کاملاً مسموم شده بود.

Translation: The air had become completely poisoned due to the chlorine gas leak.
Grammar Note
'Masmoum' functions as a predicate adjective with the verb 'shodan' (to become) or 'kardan' (to make/poison). For example: 'Masmoum shodam' (I got poisoned).

Using 'مسموم' (masmoum) correctly requires understanding its role as a state or condition. It is rarely used as a standalone noun in modern conversation; instead, it almost always describes the condition of a subject. When you want to express that someone has suffered from poisoning, you combine 'masmoum' with the auxiliary verb 'shodan' (to become). If you are describing the act of poisoning someone else, you use 'masmoum kardan' (to make poisoned/to poison).

بسیاری از دانش‌آموزان با گازهای ناشناخته مسموم شدند.

Translation: Many students were poisoned by unknown gases.

In formal and medical reports, you will often see the noun form 'masmoumiat' (poisoning/intoxication). However, 'masmoum' remains the primary adjective. Let's look at how it fits into different sentence structures:

Direct Description
'In ghaza masmoum ast' (This food is poisoned). Note: Usually, we say 'ghaza-ye masmoum' (poisoned food) to describe the object before consumption.
Causal Relationship
'Aloudegi-ye hava ریه‌های او را مسموم کرد' (Air pollution poisoned his lungs). Here, 'masmoum' describes the resulting state of the lungs.

او در یک رابطه مسموم گرفتار شده بود که اعتماد به نفسش را نابود کرد.

Translation: He was trapped in a toxic relationship that destroyed his self-confidence.

When using 'masmoum' in a metaphorical sense, it functions exactly like the English word 'toxic.' It can modify nouns like 'atmosphere' (faza), 'relationship' (rabete), 'mind' (zehn), or 'culture' (farhang). In these cases, it implies that the subject has been corrupted by negative influences.

آب چاه به دلیل مواد شیمیایی مسموم شده است.

Translation: The well water has become poisoned due to chemicals.

For advanced learners, 'masmoum' appears in passive constructions in formal literature. 'Masmoum gardidan' is a more formal version of 'masmoum shodan.' Additionally, in the passive voice, one might say 'Tavasote [agent] masmoum shod' (Was poisoned by [agent]).

Example: Medical Context
'Bimar ba monoxid-e karbon masmoum shodeh ast' (The patient has been poisoned with carbon monoxide).

In contemporary Iran, the word 'مسموم' (masmoum) is heard across a variety of settings, ranging from the sterile environment of a hospital to the heated debates of a political talk show. Its frequency increases during specific seasons and social events. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word in natural speech.

1. News and Media Reports
You will frequently hear this word in news bulletins regarding public health. For instance, reports on mass food poisoning at a university dormitory or a wedding ceremony are common. Phrases like 'tedadi az shahrvandan masmoum shodand' (a number of citizens were poisoned) are standard journalistic fare.
2. Medical and Health Consultations
If you visit a doctor in Iran with stomach issues, the physician might ask, 'Aya fekr mikoni masmoum shodi?' (Do you think you've been poisoned/have food poisoning?). It is the standard term used by healthcare professionals to categorize toxic ingestion.
3. Social Media and Modern Psychology
On Persian Instagram or Twitter (X), influencers and psychologists often talk about 'adam-haye masmoum' (toxic people) or 'mohit-e kar-e masmoum' (toxic work environment). This reflects the global trend of using 'poisoned' metaphors for mental health and interpersonal dynamics.

اخبار اعلام کرد که آب لوله‌کشی شهر به دلیل ورود فاضلاب مسموم شده است.

Translation: The news announced that the city's tap water has been poisoned due to sewage entry.

Another specific context is 'Carbon Monoxide poisoning,' which is a tragic but recurring issue in Iran during winter due to faulty gas heaters. The news will often warn: 'Moraqeb-e masmoumiat ba gaz-e monoxid-e karbon bashid' (Watch out for carbon monoxide poisoning). This type of poisoning is colloquially known as 'marg-e khamoush' (the silent death).

این فضای مجازی مسموم، ذهن بچه‌ها را خراب می‌کند.

Translation: This toxic virtual space ruins the minds of children.

In educational settings, 'masmoum' might be used in a chemistry lab or a biology lecture. A professor might describe a 'masmoum cell' or the effect of a 'masmoum reagent.' While technical, the core meaning remains 'affected by a toxin.'

Summary of Contexts
  • Emergency rooms (poisoning cases)
  • Environmental reports (air/water toxicity)
  • Self-help books (toxic relationships)
  • Kitchens/Restaurants (food safety)
  • Political commentary (poisoned discourse)

For English speakers learning Persian, the most frequent error involving 'مسموم' (masmoum) is a confusion of grammatical agency—essentially, mixing up 'who is doing the poisoning' versus 'who is being poisoned.' Because English often uses 'toxic' or 'poisonous' for both, the distinction in Persian requires careful attention.

Mistake 1: Masmoum vs. Sammi

Incorrect: مار مسموم است (Maar masmoum ast) - This means 'The snake is poisoned.'

Correct: مار سمی است (Maar sammi ast) - This means 'The snake is poisonous.'

Explanation: 'Sammi' is the attribute of the source. 'Masmoum' is the state of the victim.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Fased' (Spoiled)

Incorrect: این شیر مسموم شده، آن را نخور (In shir masmoum shodeh...)

Correct: این شیر فاسد شده، ممکن است مسمومت کند (In shir fased shodeh...)

Explanation: Milk itself doesn't 'get poisoned' (unless someone literally puts poison in it); it 'spoils' (fased shodan). However, the *result* of drinking it is that *you* become 'masmoum.'

Mistake 3: Overusing 'Masmoum' for 'Polluted'

Incorrect: هوای تهران مسموم است (Hava-ye Tehran masmoum ast) - While technically possible, it sounds overly dramatic for daily smog.

Correct: هوای تهران آلوده است (Hava-ye Tehran aloudeh ast).

Explanation: Use 'aloudeh' for general pollution and 'masmoum' for lethal or acutely toxic air (like a chemical leak).

اشتباه متداول: استفاده از مسموم به جای سمی برای گیاهان و جانوران.

Note: A common mistake is using 'masmoum' instead of 'sammi' for plants and animals.

Another subtle mistake involves the preposition. In English, we are poisoned 'with' something or 'by' something. In Persian, 'ba' (with) is common for the substance: 'Masmoum ba gaz' (Poisoned with gas). Using 'az' (from) is also heard but less formal in some contexts. Avoid using 'be' (to) in this structure.

Finally, learners sometimes forget to add the verb 'shodan' or 'kardan.' You cannot simply say 'Man masmoum' to mean 'I am poisoned.' You must say 'Man masmoum hastam' or 'Man masmoum shodam' (I became poisoned/I got food poisoning).

To truly master Persian, you need to know the alternatives to 'مسموم' (masmoum) and when to use them. While 'masmoum' is the standard for 'poisoned,' other words cover overlapping territories of dirt, corruption, and toxicity.

1. سمی (Sammi)

Meaning: Toxic, poisonous, venomous.

Difference: 'Sammi' is the active quality. A 'sammi' substance *makes* someone 'masmoum.' Use 'sammi' for chemicals, snakes, and plants.

2. آلوده (Aloudeh)

Meaning: Contaminated, polluted, infected.

Difference: 'Aloudeh' is broader. It can mean dirty (hands), polluted (air), or infected (a wound). 'Masmoum' specifically implies a toxic effect on health.

3. فاسد (Fased)

Meaning: Spoiled, rotten, corrupt.

Difference: Used for food that has gone bad (shir-e fased) or a corrupt politician (siasatmadar-e fased). Spoiled food *causes* poisoning, but the food itself is 'fased.'

4. زهرآلود (Zahr-aloud)

Meaning: Venom-stained, poisoned (usually of a weapon).

Difference: This is more literary. You would use it for a 'zahr-aloud' arrow (tir-e zahr-aloud) in a historical novel or a 'zahr-aloud' look (a venomous glare) in poetry.

تفاوت اصلی: مسموم یعنی کسی که زهر خورده، اما سمی یعنی چیزی که زهر دارد.

Main difference: 'Masmoum' means someone who has taken poison, but 'sammi' means something that has poison.

If you are looking for a more formal or medical term, you might encounter 'toksik' (toxic) in scientific papers, borrowed from French/English, but 'sammi' is preferred in 99% of cases. For 'harmful' in a general sense, 'mozer' (مضر) is used, such as 'sigar baraye salamati mozer ast' (smoking is harmful to health).

In political or social contexts, 'nasalem' (unhealthy) is a milder alternative to 'masmoum.' A 'fazaye nasalem' (unhealthy atmosphere) is less intense than a 'fazaye masmoum' (toxic/poisoned atmosphere).

Le savais-tu ?

The Arabic root S-M-M is also related to the word 'Samoom', a hot, dry, dust-laden wind in the desert, which was historically thought to be 'poisonous' to travelers.

Guide de prononciation

UK /mæsˈmuːm/
US /mæsˈmum/
The stress is on the second syllable: mas-MOUM.
Rime avec
مظلوم (Mazloum) محروم (Mahroum) معصوم (Masoum) مفهوم (Mafhoum) محکوم (Mahkoum) معلوم (Maloum) مختوم (Makhtoum) مرسوم (Marsoum)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing it as 'ma-soom' (missing the second 'm').
  • Confusing the 'u' sound with 'o' (mas-mom).
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Exemples par niveau

1

من با بستنی مسموم شدم.

I got poisoned by the ice cream.

Uses 'shodam' (became) to show a state change.

2

آیا او مسموم است؟

Is he poisoned?

Simple question with the 'ast' (is) verb.

3

غذای مسموم نخور.

Don't eat poisoned food.

Imperative negative 'nakhor'.

4

گربه مسموم شد.

The cat got poisoned.

Subject + Adjective + Verb.

5

آب مسموم است.

The water is poisoned.

Simple descriptive sentence.

6

او مسموم بود و به مدرسه نیامد.

He was poisoned and didn't come to school.

Use of 'bud' (was) for past state.

7

ماهی مسموم بود.

The fish was poisoned.

Adjective modifying the noun 'mahi'.

8

مادرم فکر می‌کند من مسموم شدم.

My mother thinks I got poisoned.

Complex sentence with 'fekr mikonad' (thinks).

1

ما بعد از شام مسموم شدیم.

We got poisoned after dinner.

Plural 'shodim'.

2

او با غذای رستوران مسموم شد.

She got poisoned by the restaurant's food.

'Ba' (with/by) indicates the cause.

3

خیلی‌ها در تابستان مسموم می‌شوند.

Many people get poisoned in the summer.

Present habitual 'mishavand'.

4

او به خاطر شیر مانده مسموم شد.

He got poisoned because of the stale milk.

'Be khater-e' (because of) indicates cause.

5

پزشک گفت تو مسموم شده‌ای.

The doctor said you have been poisoned.

Present perfect 'shodeh-i'.

6

نباید گوشت مسموم بخوریم.

We shouldn't eat poisoned meat.

'Nabayad' (shouldn't) + Subjunctive.

7

آیا سگ شما مسموم شده است؟

Has your dog been poisoned?

Present perfect question.

8

او کمی مسموم شده و نیاز به استراحت دارد.

He is slightly poisoned and needs rest.

'Kami' (a little) as an adverb.

1

این رابطه برای من مسموم بود.

This relationship was toxic for me.

Metaphorical use of 'masmoum'.

2

هوا با گازهای شیمیایی مسموم شده است.

The air has been poisoned with chemical gases.

Environmental context.

3

او ذهن بچه‌ها را با حرف‌هایش مسموم کرد.

He poisoned the children's minds with his words.

Transitive 'masmoum kardan'.

4

محیط کار ما بسیار مسموم است.

Our work environment is very toxic.

Common professional metaphor.

5

او توسط رقیبش مسموم شد.

He was poisoned by his rival.

Passive construction with 'tavasote'.

6

افکار مسموم مانع پیشرفت می‌شوند.

Poisoned thoughts prevent progress.

Abstract subject 'afkar' (thoughts).

7

او با خوردن گیاهی ناشناخته مسموم گشت.

He became poisoned by eating an unknown plant.

Formal 'gasht' instead of 'shod'.

8

آب‌های زیرزمینی مسموم شده‌اند.

The groundwater has been poisoned.

Plural subject with plural verb.

1

فضای سیاسی کشور کاملاً مسموم شده است.

The country's political atmosphere has become completely poisoned.

Political register.

2

او از یک رابطه مسموم و آزاردهنده خارج شد.

She got out of a toxic and abusive relationship.

Using two adjectives together.

3

تبلیغات مسموم می‌تواند بر انتخابات تأثیر بگذارد.

Poisoned propaganda can influence elections.

Abstract social context.

4

او با دوز بالای دارو مسموم شده بود.

He had been poisoned by a high dose of medicine.

Medical/Forensic context.

5

نویسنده از فضای مسموم جامعه انتقاد کرد.

The author criticized the poisoned atmosphere of society.

Literary criticism context.

6

این نوع تفکر، روح انسان را مسموم می‌کند.

This type of thinking poisons the human soul.

Philosophical usage.

7

او به دلیل استنشاق دود مسموم شد.

He was poisoned due to smoke inhalation.

Formal 'estenshaq' (inhalation).

8

دشمن با شایعات، جو را مسموم کرده است.

The enemy has poisoned the atmosphere with rumors.

Metaphorical 'jo' (atmosphere).

1

میراث مسموم استعمار هنوز در منطقه حس می‌شود.

The poisoned legacy of colonialism is still felt in the region.

Historical/Academic register.

2

او در کتابش به تحلیل روابط مسموم قدرت می‌پردازد.

In his book, he analyzes toxic power relations.

Complex academic structure.

3

ایدئولوژی‌های مسموم قرن بیستم فجایع بزرگی آفریدند.

The poisoned ideologies of the 20th century created great disasters.

Broad historical context.

4

او با لحنی مسموم و کنایه‌آمیز صحبت می‌کرد.

He was speaking with a toxic and sarcastic tone.

Describing speech/tone.

5

اعتماد عمومی با وعده‌های دروغین مسموم گشته است.

Public trust has been poisoned by false promises.

Formal passive 'gashteh ast'.

6

این فیلم به خوبی فضای مسموم یک خانواده را به تصویر می‌کشد.

This film well depicts the toxic atmosphere of a family.

Artistic/Critical review.

7

او از مسموم کردن چاه‌های حقیقت توسط رسانه‌ها سخن گفت.

He spoke of the poisoning of the wells of truth by the media.

Metaphorical 'poisoning the well'.

8

ذرات مسموم معلق در هوا برای کودکان خطرناکند.

Poisoned particles suspended in the air are dangerous for children.

Technical/Scientific description.

1

دیالکتیک مسموم میان این دو نظریه راه به جایی نمی‌برد.

The toxic dialectic between these two theories leads nowhere.

Highly academic/Philosophical.

2

او در پی پالایش ذهن خویش از القائات مسموم بود.

He sought to purify his mind from toxic suggestions.

Refined literary style.

3

ساختار مسموم بوروکراسی، خلاقیت را در نطفه خفه می‌کند.

The toxic structure of bureaucracy chokes creativity in the bud.

Advanced metaphorical idiom.

4

شاعر در این قصیده، از روزگار مسموم خویش نالیده است.

In this ode, the poet has lamented his poisoned times.

Literary analysis.

5

هرگونه مسموم‌سازی فضای نقد، به استبداد می‌انجامد.

Any poisoning of the space of criticism leads to tyranny.

Political philosophy.

6

او با مهارتی خاص، زهر مسموم کلامش را در لفافه می‌پیچید.

With specific skill, he would wrap the poisoned venom of his speech in layers.

Sophisticated descriptive prose.

7

این پارادایم مسموم، سال‌هاست که بر علوم انسانی سایه افکنده است.

This toxic paradigm has cast a shadow over the humanities for years.

Academic critique.

8

تجربه مسموم شکست، او را به انسانی بدبین بدل کرد.

The toxic experience of failure turned him into a cynical person.

Psychological depth.

Collocations courantes

مسمومیت غذایی
رابطه مسموم
هوای مسموم
افکار مسموم
گاز مسموم
محیط مسموم
آب مسموم
ذهن مسموم
تبلیغات مسموم
غذای مسموم

Phrases Courantes

مسموم شدن

— To become poisoned or get food poisoning.

دیشب مسموم شدم.

مسموم کردن

— To poison someone or something.

او می‌خواست مرا مسموم کند.

به شدت مسموم

— Severely poisoned.

او به شدت مسموم شده است.

دچار مسمومیت شدن

— To suffer from poisoning (more formal).

بسیاری دچار مسمومیت شدند.

مسمومیت با مونوکسید کربن

— Carbon monoxide poisoning.

هشدار درباره مسمومیت با مونوکسید کربن.

فضای مسموم

— A toxic or poisoned atmosphere.

فضای جلسه مسموم بود.

مسموم از حسادت

— Poisoned by jealousy.

قلبش مسموم از حسادت بود.

خوراک مسموم

— Poisoned fodder/food.

حیوانات خوراک مسموم خوردند.

مسمومیت دارویی

— Drug poisoning/overdose.

او را به دلیل مسمومیت دارویی بستری کردند.

مسمومیت خونی

— Septicemia / Blood poisoning.

مسمومیت خونی درمان سختی دارد.

Expressions idiomatiques

"جو را مسموم کردن"

— To poison the atmosphere/mood of a situation.

با حرف‌هایش جو را مسموم کرد.

General
"چاه را مسموم کردن"

— To poison the well (rhetorical tactic).

او قبل از شروع بحث، چاه را مسموم کرد.

Academic
"ذهن کسی را مسموم کردن"

— To bias or corrupt someone's thinking.

او ذهن برادرم را نسبت به من مسموم کرد.

General
"هوای مسموم سیاست"

— The toxic climate of politics.

او تاب هوای مسموم سیاست را نداشت.

Literary
"جام مسموم"

— The poisoned chalice (something that seems good but is harmful).

این پست جدید برای او یک جام مسموم بود.

Literary
"مسموم از کینه"

— Consumed/poisoned by grudge.

او مسموم از کینه قدیمی است.

Poetic
"نان مسموم"

— Poisoned bread (referring to dishonest income).

او نان مسموم به خانه نمی‌برد.

Metaphorical
"نگاه مسموم"

— A toxic or harmful gaze/perspective.

نگاه مسموم او همه چیز را خراب می‌کند.

General
"زبان مسموم"

— A toxic/sharp tongue.

او زبان مسمومی دارد و همه را می‌رنجاند.

General
"ریشه‌های مسموم"

— Toxic roots (the hidden cause of a problem).

این مشکل ریشه‌های مسمومی دارد.

Metaphorical

Famille de mots

Noms

مسمومیت (Masmoumiat - Poisoning)
سم (Sam - Poison)
سموم (Somoum - Poisons/Toxins)

Verbes

مسموم کردن (Masmoum kardan - To poison)
مسموم شدن (Masmoum shodan - To be poisoned)

Adjectifs

سمی (Sammi - Toxic)
مسموم‌کننده (Masmoum-konandeh - Poisonous/Intoxicating)
زهرآلود (Zahr-aloud - Poisoned)

Apparenté

زهر (Zahr - Venom)
پادزهر (Pad-zahr - Antidote)
آلودگی (Aloudegi - Pollution)
فساد (Fesad - Corruption/Spoilage)
بیماری (Bimari - Illness)
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Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Mass' + 'Moom'. A 'Mass' of people in a 'Moom' (room) getting poisoned by bad food. Or link 'Mas-moum' to 'Maximum' - when poison reaches the maximum, you are masmoum.

Association visuelle

Visualize a person in a hospital bed with a green face holding a fish bone. Next to them is a sign saying 'MASMOUM'.

Word Web

Food Poisoning Toxic Relationship Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Spoiled Milk Venomous Snake Bite Poisoned Mind Polluted Air

Défi

Try to use 'masmoum' in three different ways today: once for food, once for a person's behavior, and once for the environment.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Arabic passive participle 'masmūm' (مسموم) of the verb 'samma' (سمّ), meaning to poison.

Sens originel : The original meaning in Arabic was specifically 'one who has been given poison' or 'pierced by a venomous wind'.

Semitic (Arabic) root adopted into Indo-European (Persian).

Contexte culturel

English speakers use 'toxic' very broadly now. Persian 'masmoum' matches this modern usage perfectly for relationships and work culture.

Avicenna's 'The Canon of Medicine' discusses various types of 'masmoumiat'. Modern Iranian films often depict
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