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Persan
Vocabulaire
زیان دیدن

B1 verb 8 min de lecture

زیان دیدن

Q: Is there a noun for the person who suffers the loss?

Yes, 'زیاندیده' (ziyān-dide). It is very common in news reports about victims.

ziyan didan

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces زیان دیدن en 30 secondes

Explication زیان دیدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'زیان دیدن' yet. You might learn the word 'ضرر' (bad/loss) or 'پول کم' (little money). However, if you see it, just remember it means something bad happened to someone's money or things. It is like saying 'I lost' in a game, but for real life. For example, if you buy a toy for 10 dollars and it breaks, you 'suffered a loss'. In Persian, we say you 'saw loss'. The word 'دیدن' usually means 'to see' with your eyes, but here it means to feel or experience something bad. It is a compound verb, which means it has two parts. You only change the second part, 'دیدن'. So, 'من دیدم' (I saw/suffered) and 'تو دیدی' (you saw/suffered). Keep it simple and focus on the idea of losing something valuable.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'زیان دیدن' in basic sentences about shopping or simple business. You should know that 'زیان' means 'loss' and 'دیدن' means 'to see' or 'to experience'. This verb is useful when you want to talk about why a business was not successful. For example, 'مغازه زیان دید' (The shop suffered a loss). You can also use it with 'خیلی' (a lot) to say 'خیلی زیان دیدم' (I suffered a lot of loss). At this level, you should be able to conjugate it in the simple past and simple present. Remember the present stem is 'بین' (bin). So, 'می‌بینم' means 'I suffer loss' (regularly or now). It's a bit more formal than 'ضرر کردن', so using it makes you sound like a more serious student of Persian. Practice using it with the preposition 'از' to show the cause, like 'از این کار' (from this work).

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As a B1 learner, you should use 'زیان دیدن' to describe economic situations or the consequences of actions in a more structured way. You should understand that this verb is common in news and formal discussions. You should be able to use it in the present perfect ('زیان دیده‌ام') and the subjunctive ('ممکن است زیان ببیند'). For example, you might say, 'اگر قیمت‌ها بالا برود، مردم زیان می‌بینند' (If prices go up, the people will suffer). You should also distinguish it from 'ضرر کردن', using 'زیان دیدن' when you want to sound more professional or when the loss isn't just about money. For instance, if a project fails and hurts your reputation, 'زیان دیدن' is appropriate. You should also be comfortable with the noun form 'زیان‌دیده' (the one who suffered loss), which you might see in news headlines about accident victims or victims of a scam.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'زیان دیدن' in complex sentences and understand its nuances in legal or business contexts. You should be able to discuss the 'سود و زیان' (profit and loss) of a complex decision. You can use it in conditional sentences with 'اگر' and 'کاش'. For example, 'کاش در آن پروژه شرکت نمی‌کردیم چون زیان دیدیم' (I wish we hadn't participated in that project because we suffered a loss). You should also recognize its use in passive-like structures and how it relates to synonyms like 'خسارت دیدن' or 'متضرر شدن'. You can use it to talk about social or environmental issues, such as how a community 'suffers' from pollution. Your vocabulary should now include related terms like 'جبران زیان' (compensating for the loss). You should also be aware of its placement in a sentence to emphasize the extent of the loss, using adverbs like 'به‌شدت' (severely) or 'جبران‌ناپذیر' (irreparably).

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At the C1 level, 'زیان دیدن' becomes a tool for nuanced social, political, and literary analysis. You should understand its historical roots and how it appears in classical and modern Persian literature to describe the human condition or the fate of nations. You can use it to critique government policies: 'بخش خصوصی از سیاست‌های پولی جدید به‌شدت زیان دیده است' (The private sector has suffered severely from the new monetary policies). You should be able to weave it into academic essays or professional reports, perhaps contrasting it with 'منفعت' (benefit). At this level, you should also be familiar with idiomatic uses and how the concept of 'ziyān' fits into Persian philosophy, where 'seeing loss' can sometimes be a moral lesson. You should be able to discuss the legal implications of being 'زیان‌دیده' and the complexities of proving loss in a court of law. Your usage should be flawless across all tenses, including the literary past and complex conditional moods.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'زیان دیدن' and can use it with precision in any register. You can appreciate the subtle difference between 'زیان دیدن' and 'خسارت دیدن' in a high-stakes legal contract. You might use it in a philosophical debate about the nature of existence, perhaps quoting Rumi or Saadi on the 'ziyān' of wasting one's life. You can use it rhetorically in speeches to evoke emotion or emphasize the gravity of a national crisis. You understand the etymological connection to Middle Persian and how the word has evolved. You can use the verb in highly complex structures, such as 'زیان‌دیده از این رهگذر' (those who suffered loss through this path/means). Your ability to use the word extends to recognizing when *not* to use it in favor of even more specific or archaic terms like 'خسران' (spiritual loss). You can effortlessly navigate between the bazaar's 'ضرر', the newsroom's 'زیان', and the scholar's 'خسران'.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

زیان دیدن en 30 secondes

A formal Persian verb for 'suffering a loss' or 'incurring damage'.
Used in financial, legal, and general contexts to describe negative impacts.
A compound verb using 'didan' (to see/experience) as its auxiliary part.
More professional and slightly broader in meaning than the casual 'zarar kardan'.

The Persian compound verb زیان دیدن (ziyān didan) is a fundamental expression used to describe the act of suffering a loss, experiencing detriment, or being adversely affected by a situation. While its literal translation is 'to see loss,' it functions semantically as 'to incur damage' or 'to suffer financially.' This verb is slightly more formal than its common synonym ضرر کردن, making it a staple in news reports, legal documents, and professional business discussions. Understanding this word requires recognizing that 'loss' in Persian can be both tangible, like money, and intangible, like reputation or health.

Semantic Range: It covers everything from a merchant losing money on a trade to a farmer whose crops are destroyed by a flood. It implies a passive experience where the subject is the victim of circumstances or the consequences of an action.
Register and Tone: While you might hear 'ضرر کردم' (I lost money) in a casual bazaar setting, you are more likely to read 'شرکت زیان دیده است' (The company has suffered a loss) in a financial audit or a formal news broadcast.

کشاورزان به دلیل خشکسالی امسال زیان دیدند.
Translation: Farmers suffered a loss due to this year's drought.

In the context of Persian culture, where business and trade have deep historical roots, the concept of 'ziyān' is often discussed with a sense of gravity. It is not just about a temporary setback; it often refers to a significant blow to one's assets or well-being. The verb is composed of the noun 'زیان' (loss/harm) and the auxiliary 'دیدن' (to see). In Persian, several verbs use 'دیدن' to mean 'to experience' something negative, such as آسیب دیدن (to be damaged) or صدمه دیدن (to be injured).

هیچ‌کس دوست ندارد در سرمایه‌گذاری خود زیان ببیند.
Translation: No one likes to suffer a loss in their investment.

Grammatical Structure: As a compound verb, the 'ziyān' part remains static, while 'didan' conjugates for person, tense, and mood. The present stem is 'bin' (بین) and the past stem is 'did' (دید).

Historically, the word 'زیان' finds its roots in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) as 'zyān'. Its persistence in the language for over a millennium highlights the enduring importance of commerce and legal equity in the Iranian plateau. When you use this word today, you are tapping into a long tradition of Persian economic and ethical discourse. It is also frequently paired with its antonym, 'سود' (profit), in the phrase 'سود و زیان' (profit and loss), which is the standard term for a financial statement.

Mastering زیان دیدن involves understanding its conjugation and the prepositions that typically accompany it. Because it is a compound verb, the stress usually falls on the first part, 'ziyān'. Let's explore how it behaves in various tenses and contexts to ensure you can use it naturally in conversation or writing.

اگر عجله کنی، ممکن است زیان ببینی.
Translation: If you hurry, you might suffer a loss (subjunctive).

Past Tense Usage: To describe a loss that already happened: 'آن‌ها در بورس زیان دیدند' (They suffered a loss in the stock market). Here, 'دیدند' is the third-person plural past tense.
Present Continuous: To describe an ongoing situation: 'اقتصاد کشور دارد زیان می‌بیند' (The country's economy is suffering a loss/damage). This uses the 'dārad + mi + present stem' construction.

One of the most common ways to use this verb is in the passive-like sense of being the victim of a policy or change. For instance, if a new law is passed that hurts small businesses, you would say those businesses 'ziyān midehand' (if they are causing loss) or 'ziyān mibinand' (if they are suffering it). It is crucial not to confuse 'زیان دیدن' (to suffer loss) with 'زیان رساندن' (to cause loss/harm to someone else).

بسیاری از صنایع از تحریم‌ها زیان دیده‌اند.
Translation: Many industries have suffered losses from the sanctions (present perfect).

In academic writing, you might encounter the word used with abstract concepts. For example, 'فرهنگ جامعه از این تصمیم زیان خواهد دید' (The society's culture will suffer from this decision). This demonstrates the versatility of the verb beyond just monetary calculations. It implies a degradation or a negative impact on the quality or state of something.

Conditional Sentences: 'اگر باران نمی‌بارید، محصولات زیان می‌دیدند' (If it hadn't rained, the crops would have suffered). This uses the past imperfect to show a hypothetical result.

If you turn on a Persian news channel like IRINN or BBC Persian, or read a financial newspaper like Donya-e-Eqtesad, you will encounter زیان دیدن almost daily. It is the 'professional' way to talk about economic downturns. However, its use isn't limited to the dry world of finance; it permeates literature and social commentary as well.

در گزارش سالانه آمده است که شرکت در سه ماهه اول زیان دیده است.
Translation: The annual report states that the company suffered a loss in the first quarter.

In the News: Whenever there is a natural disaster, such as an earthquake in Kermanshah or floods in Sistan, reporters use this verb to describe the plight of the victims: 'مردم منطقه زیان‌های زیادی دیده‌اند' (The people of the region have suffered many losses).
In Legal Disputes: In a courtroom, a lawyer might argue that their client 'زیان دیده' and therefore deserves 'غرامت' (compensation/indemnity). It establishes the status of the victim.

Interestingly, you also hear this in sports commentary. When a key player is injured, the team is said to 'ziyān didan' because their chances of winning have decreased. This metaphorical use highlights how the word has expanded from pure accounting to general disadvantage. In the Iranian education system, teachers might warn students that by not studying, they are 'ziyān mibinand'—harming their own future prospects.

با گران شدن بنزین، رانندگان تاکسی بیش از همه زیان می‌بینند.
Translation: With the increase in gasoline prices, taxi drivers suffer more than anyone.

Socially, Iranians use this word to express empathy. If a friend tells you their car was hit while parked, you might respond with 'خیلی زیان دیدی؟' (Did you suffer a lot of damage/loss?), though in this specific informal case, 'خسارت دیدی' might be slightly more common. Still, 'زیان' carries a weight of sincerity and formal concern that other words lack.

While زیان دیدن is straightforward, learners often trip up on its auxiliary verbs or confuse it with words that look similar but have different causative directions. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more professional and accurate.

Mistake 1: Confusing 'Ziyān Didan' with 'Ziyān Zadan': 'Didan' (to see) is passive—you are the one suffering. 'Zadan' (to hit/strike) is active—you are the one causing harm. Saying 'من به او زیان دیدم' is grammatically nonsensical. You should say 'من به او زیان زدم' (I harmed him) or 'من از او زیان دیدم' (I suffered harm from him).
Mistake 2: Incorrect Prepositions: Learners often use 'به' (to) when they should use 'از' (from). Remember: you suffer loss *from* a source. 'از این کار زیان دیدم' is correct. 'به این کار زیان دیدم' is wrong.

Incorrect: او از من زیان زد. (He struck loss from me.)
Correct: او به من زیان زد یا من از او زیان دیدم.

Another mistake involves the present stem. Some learners confuse 'bin' (the stem of didan) with other stems. Remember: 'می‌بینم' (I see/experience), 'می‌بینی' (you see/experience). Also, avoid overusing 'ضرر' in formal writing. While 'ضرر دیدن' exists and is understood, 'زیان دیدن' is the preferred term in literature and high-level journalism.

Mistake 3: Pluralization: Sometimes people say 'زیان‌ها دیدن'. While poetically okay, in standard prose, 'زیان دیدن' acts as a single unit. If you want to emphasize multiple losses, it's better to say 'زیان‌های زیادی دید' (He saw many losses).

Persian has a rich vocabulary for 'loss' and 'harm'. Choosing the right word depends on the context—whether it is financial, physical, or emotional. Comparing زیان دیدن with its synonyms will help you refine your expression.

ضرر کردن (Zarar Kardan): This is the most common everyday alternative. It specifically refers to financial loss. Note the auxiliary 'kardan' (to do) instead of 'didan'. You 'do' a loss in the bazaar, but you 'see' a loss in a report.
خسارت دیدن (Khesārat Didan): This is used when there is physical damage to property or equipment. If your car is in an accident, you 'khesārat' see. If your business fails, you 'ziyān' see.

تفاوت اصلی: زیان کلی‌تر و رسمی‌تر است، اما ضرر بیشتر مالی و عامیانه است.
Translation: The main difference: 'Ziyān' is more general and formal, while 'Zarar' is mostly financial and colloquial.

Other related terms include آسیب دیدن (to be damaged/hurt), which is common for physical or structural issues, and لطمه خوردن (to be struck/damaged), often used for reputation or abstract concepts like 'trust'. For example, 'اعتبار او لطمه خورد' (His credit/reputation was damaged). Using 'زیان دیدن' in that context would be okay but less precise than 'لطمه خوردن'.

Comparison Table

زیان دیدن: Formal, general loss (financial/abstract).
ضرر کردن: Informal, purely financial.
خسارت دیدن: Property/physical damage.
لطمه خوردن: Emotional/reputational damage.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The use of 'to see' (didan) to mean 'to experience' is a unique feature of Persian light verb constructions. You don't just 'have' a loss; you 'see' it, as if witnessing the event happen to you.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ziːˈjɒn diːˈdæn/

US /ziːˈjɑːn diːˈdæn/

The primary stress in the compound verb falls on the last syllable of the first element: zi-YĀN didan.

Rime avec

بیان (Bayān) عیان (Ayān) میان (Miyān) کیان (Kiyān) جهان (Jahān) جوان (Javān) روان (Ravān) نهان (Nahān)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'ziyān' as 'zi-yan' with a short 'a' (as in 'cat'). It should be a long 'ā'.
Stressing the 'di' in 'didan' instead of the 'yān'.
Mixing up the present stem 'bin' with 'dan'.
Failing to pronounce the 'y' glide between 'zi' and 'ān'.
Shortening the final 'n' sound too much.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Common in news; easy to recognize once the root is known.

Écriture 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb conjugation and correct prepositions.

Expression orale 3/5

Useful for professional conversations; sounds sophisticated.

Écoute 3/5

Distinctive sound, often used in formal broadcasts.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

دیدن پول بد کم کار

Apprends ensuite

خسارت غرامت منفعت سرمایه‌گذاری بورس

Avancé

خسران تضرر جبران خسارت تعدیل ورشکستگی

Grammaire à connaître

Compound Verbs with 'Didan'

آسیب دیدن، صدمه دیدن، زیان دیدن.

Present Stem of 'Didan'

Present stem is 'bin' (بین). Example: می‌بینم.

Preposition 'Az'

Always use 'az' to indicate the source of the loss.

Subjunctive Mood

باید مواظب باشیم که زیان نبینیم.

Passive Meaning in Active Form

'Ziyān didan' is active in form but passive in meaning (to suffer/be affected).

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Exemples par niveau

من در بازی زیان دیدم.

I suffered a loss in the game.

Simple past: زیان + دیدم

او کمی زیان دید.

He suffered a little loss.

Simple past: زیان + دید

آیا شما زیان دیدید؟

Did you suffer a loss?

Question form

ما زیان ندیدیم.

We did not suffer a loss.

Negative past: ن + دیدیم

آن‌ها زیان می‌بینند.

They suffer a loss (regularly).

Present simple/habitual

این مغازه زیان دید.

This shop suffered a loss.

Subject is a place

من نمی‌خواهم زیان ببینم.

I don't want to suffer a loss.

Subjunctive with 'want'

زیان دیدن بد است.

Suffering a loss is bad.

Infinitive as subject

کشاورز از باران زیاد زیان دید.

The farmer suffered a loss from too much rain.

Using 'az' (from) to show cause

بسیاری از مردم در این معامله زیان دیدند.

Many people suffered a loss in this deal.

Plural subject

اگر دقت نکنی، زیان می‌بینی.

If you don't pay attention, you will suffer a loss.

Conditional type 1

شرکت ما امسال زیان ندیده است.

Our company hasn't suffered a loss this year.

Present perfect negative

او از دوستش زیان دید.

He suffered a loss from (because of) his friend.

Human source of loss

آیا شرکت شما پارسال زیان دید؟

Did your company suffer a loss last year?

Past tense question

باید مواظب باشیم تا زیان نبینیم.

We must be careful so we don't suffer a loss.

Subjunctive after 'tā'

این ماشین در تصادف زیان دید.

This car suffered damage/loss in the accident.

Inanimate subject

اقتصاد کشور از تحریم‌ها به‌شدت زیان دیده است.

The country's economy has suffered severely from the sanctions.

Present perfect with adverb

او نگران است که در سرمایه‌گذاری جدیدش زیان ببیند.

He is worried that he might suffer a loss in his new investment.

Subjunctive after 'worried'

هیچ تاجری دوست ندارد زیان ببیند.

No merchant likes to suffer a loss.

General statement

بعد از زلزله، بسیاری از خانه‌ها زیان دیدند.

After the earthquake, many houses suffered damage.

Using 'ziyān' for physical structures

او از اعتماد به آن مرد زیان دید.

He suffered a loss from trusting that man.

Abstract cause of loss

ما باید راهی پیدا کنیم تا کمتر زیان ببینیم.

We must find a way to suffer less loss.

Comparative 'kamtar'

دولت باید به کسانی که زیان دیده‌اند کمک کند.

The government must help those who have suffered a loss.

Relative clause 'kasāni ke...'

این تصمیم باعث شد که همه زیان ببینند.

This decision caused everyone to suffer a loss.

Causative structure with 'bā'es shod'

اگر زودتر اقدام می‌کردیم، این‌قدر زیان نمی‌دیدیم.

If we had acted sooner, we wouldn't have suffered this much loss.

Past unreal conditional

صنعت توریسم از شیوع بیماری به‌شدت زیان دید.

The tourism industry suffered severely from the outbreak of the disease.

Specific industry context

سود و زیان این معامله هنوز مشخص نیست.

The profit and loss of this deal are not yet clear.

Noun pair 'sud o ziyān'

او به خاطر اشتباهات دیگران زیان دید.

He suffered a loss because of others' mistakes.

Preposition 'be khāter-e'

ممکن است اعتبار حرفه‌ای شما زیان ببیند.

Your professional reputation might suffer a loss.

Abstract subject: reputation

سرمایه‌گذارانی که زیان دیده‌اند، شکایت کردند.

The investors who suffered a loss filed a complaint.

Legal context

او معتقد است که طبیعت از فعالیت‌های انسانی زیان می‌بیند.

He believes that nature suffers from human activities.

Environmental context

باید از زیان دیدن بیشتر جلوگیری کنیم.

We must prevent further loss.

Gerund-like use of infinitive

تحلیل‌گران بر این باورند که بازار مسکن در سال آینده زیان خواهد دید.

Analysts believe that the housing market will suffer a loss in the coming year.

Future tense 'khāhad did'

فرهنگ یک ملت می‌تواند از تهاجم فرهنگی زیان ببیند.

A nation's culture can suffer from cultural invasion.

Sociological context

او در طول دوران حرفه‌ای خود زیان‌های جبران‌ناپذیری دیده است.

Throughout his professional career, he has suffered irreparable losses.

Adjective 'jobrān-nāpazir'

حقوق مصرف‌کنندگان نباید به خاطر منافع شرکت‌ها زیان ببیند.

Consumers' rights should not suffer for the sake of corporate interests.

Ethical/Legal context

این سیاست نه تنها سودی نداشت، بلکه باعث شد محیط زیست زیان ببیند.

This policy not only had no benefit but also caused the environment to suffer.

Correlative conjunction 'na tanhā... balke'

هرگونه تأخیر در اجرای پروژه باعث می‌شود که ذینفعان زیان ببینند.

Any delay in project execution will cause stakeholders to suffer a loss.

Formal term 'zinfa'ān' (stakeholders)

او با وجود اینکه زیان دیده بود، به تلاش خود ادامه داد.

Despite having suffered a loss, he continued his efforts.

Concessive clause 'bā vojud-e inke'

زیان دیدن در این مسیر، بخشی از فرآیند یادگیری است.

Suffering a loss in this path is part of the learning process.

Philosophical context

منافع ملی نباید وجه‌المصالحه قرار گیرد تا ملت زیان ببیند.

National interests should not be compromised such that the nation suffers a loss.

High-level political discourse

در این گیرودار، بیش از همه اقشار آسیب‌پذیر زیان دیده‌اند.

In this turmoil, the vulnerable classes have suffered the most.

Advanced phrase 'dar in gir-o-dār'

او از این رهگذر زیان‌های مادی و معنوی فراوانی دیده است.

Through this path, he has suffered many material and spiritual losses.

Phrase 'māddi o ma'navi'

چنانچه این توافق نقض شود، هر دو طرف به‌طور یکسان زیان خواهند دید.

Should this agreement be violated, both parties will suffer equally.

Formal 'chenānche' (if/should)

تاریخ گواه است که تمدن‌ها از تفرقه زیان دیده‌اند.

History bears witness that civilizations have suffered from division.

Rhetorical/Historical register

او در پی آن است که زیان‌های وارده بر شرکت را جبران کند.

He seeks to compensate for the losses inflicted upon the company.

Passive participle 'vārede' (inflicted)

عدم شفافیت باعث شده است که اعتماد عمومی زیان ببیند.

Lack of transparency has caused public trust to suffer.

Abstract sociological subject

زیان دیدن از جهل، تلخ‌ترین نوع شکست است.

Suffering from ignorance is the bitterest kind of failure.

Aphoristic/Philosophical style

Collocations courantes

زیان مالی دیدن

زیان جبران‌ناپذیر دیدن

به‌شدت زیان دیدن

از تحریم‌ها زیان دیدن

زیان اخلاقی دیدن

زیان جانی دیدن

بیش از همه زیان دیدن

زیان احتمالی دیدن

در معامله زیان دیدن

از اعتماد زیان دیدن

Phrases Courantes

سود و زیان

— Profit and loss. Used for financial statements.

صورت سود و زیان شرکت را بررسی کردیم.

زیان‌دیده اصلی

— The main person who suffered. Used in reports.

او زیان‌دیده اصلی این کلاهبرداری است.

جبران زیان

— Compensating for the loss.

بیمه باید زیان را جبران کند.

پیشگیری از زیان

— Preventing loss.

این استراتژی برای پیشگیری از زیان است.

تحمل زیان

— Enduring or bearing a loss.

ما دیگر توان تحمل زیان را نداریم.

زیان انباشته

— Accumulated loss in business accounting.

شرکت زیان انباشته زیادی دارد.

نقطه سر به سر زیان

— Break-even point (avoiding loss).

هنوز به نقطه دوری از زیان نرسیده‌ایم.

زیان دیدن از ناحیه...

— To suffer loss from the direction/area of...

ما از ناحیه صادرات زیان دیدیم.

بدون زیان

— Without loss; harmless.

این کار بدون زیان نخواهد بود.

کمترین زیان

— The minimum amount of loss.

هدف ما خروج با کمترین زیان است.

Souvent confondu avec

زیان دیدن vs زیان رساندن

This means 'to cause harm/loss to others', while 'ziyān didan' means 'to suffer loss yourself'.

زیان دیدن vs ضرر کردن

While similar, 'zarar kardan' is more colloquial and specifically financial.

زیان دیدن vs آسیب دیدن

Use 'āsib didan' for physical damage or injury; 'ziyān' is for broader or financial loss.

Expressions idiomatiques

"جلوی ضرر را از هر جا بگیری منفعت است"

— Cutting your losses at any point is a profit. Used to encourage stopping a failing project.

بیا این کار را رها کنیم؛ جلوی ضرر را از هر جا بگیری منفعت است.

Common Idiom

"نه سیخ بسوزد نه کباب"

— To act in a way that neither side suffers a loss or harm.

طوری رفتار کن که نه سیخ بسوزد نه کباب.

Colloquial

"آب از سر گذشتن"

— When the loss is already so great that further loss doesn't matter.

دیگر فرقی نمی‌کند، آب از سر ما گذشته و زیان دیده‌ایم.

Metaphorical

"به خاک سیاه نشستن"

— To suffer such a total loss that one becomes destitute.

او در این تجارت به خاک سیاه نشست.

Informal/Strong

"دودش به چشم خودت می‌رود"

— You will be the one who suffers the loss from your own actions.

اگر درس نخوانی، دودش به چشم خودت می‌رود.

Common Warning

"کاسه و کوزه را سر کسی شکاندن"

— To make someone else suffer the blame and loss for a failure.

همه زیان‌ها را سر من شکاندند.

Informal

"دندان گرد کردن"

— To be greedy, which often leads to 'ziyān didan'.

دندان گرد کرد و در نهایت زیان دید.

Idiomatic

"بی‌گدار به آب زدن"

— To take a risk without preparation, leading to loss.

بی‌گدار به آب نزن که زیان می‌بینی.

Proverbial

"دست از پا درازتر برگشتن"

— To return empty-handed after suffering a loss or failure.

او از سفر تجاری دست از پا درازتر برگشت.

Colloquial

"مالت را سفت بچسب، همسایه‌ات را دزد نکن"

— Protect your assets to avoid loss, rather than blaming others later.

مواظب باش زیان نبینی؛ مالت را سفت بچسب.

Proverbial

Facile à confondre

زیان دیدن vs زیان‌بار

Looks like the verb.

It is an adjective meaning 'harmful' or 'damaging'.

این یک تصمیم زیان‌بار بود.

زیان دیدن vs زیان‌ده

Looks like the verb.

It is an adjective meaning 'loss-making'.

این کارخانه زیان‌ده است.

زیان دیدن vs خسارت

Often used interchangeably.

'Khesārat' usually implies physical damage requiring repair or compensation.

خسارت وارد شده زیاد است.

زیان دیدن vs غرامت

Related to loss.

It means 'compensation' or 'indemnity' paid *for* a loss.

او غرامت گرفت.

زیان دیدن vs خسران

Same root concept.

Much more literary and often used for spiritual or existential loss.

در این دنیا خسران دید.

Structures de phrases

من [Noun] زیان دیدم.

من خیلی زیان دیدم.

او از [Source] زیان دید.

او از این کار زیان دید.

[Subject] ممکن است زیان ببیند.

شرکت ممکن است زیان ببیند.

اگر [Condition]، زیان می‌دیدیم.

اگر می‌ماندیم، زیان می‌دیدیم.

باید از [Gerund] زیان جلوگیری کرد.

باید از زیان دیدن بیشتر جلوگیری کرد.

چنانچه [Condition]، زیان خواهیم دید.

چنانچه تأخیر شود، زیان خواهیم دید.

کسانی که زیان دیده‌اند...

کسانی که زیان دیده‌اند باید ثبت‌نام کنند.

زیان دیدن در [Context] اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

زیان دیدن در این بازار اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

Famille de mots

Noms

زیان (Loss)

زیان‌دیده (Victim/One who suffered loss)

زیان‌کار (Harmful person)

Verbes

زیان رساندن (To cause harm)

زیان زدن (To strike/inflict loss)

Adjectifs

زیان‌بار (Harmful/Disastrous)

زیان‌آور (Detrimental)

زیان‌ده (Loss-making/Unprofitable)

Apparenté

ضرر

خسارت

آسیب

لطمه

غرامت

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in news, business, and formal writing.

Erreurs courantes

من به او زیان دیدم. → من از او زیان دیدم.
You suffer loss *from* someone, not *to* them.
او زیان کرد. → او ضرر کرد / او زیان دید.
'Ziyān' usually takes 'didan'. 'Zarar' usually takes 'kardan'.
من زیان می‌دانم. → من زیان می‌بینم.
Mixing up 'dānestan' (to know) with 'didan' (to see).
پای من زیان دید. → پای من آسیب دید.
'Ziyān' is for assets/general harm, 'āsib' is for body parts.
او زیان زد. → او زیان دید.
Using 'zadan' means he *caused* loss, 'didan' means he *suffered* it.

Astuces

Auxiliary Verb

Always use 'didan' for suffering loss. Using 'kardan' with 'ziyān' is much less common and sounds slightly off in formal Persian.

Formal vs Informal

Switch between 'ضرر' and 'زیان' based on your audience. Use 'ziyān' in essays and 'ضرر' with friends.

The 'Az' Preposition

Don't forget 'az'. It's the bridge between the loss and the cause. 'زیان از خشکسالی' (Loss from drought).

Compound Adjectives

Learn 'ziyān-bār' (harmful). It's a very powerful adjective to use in formal writing to describe bad policies.

Sympathy

Saying 'متأسفم که زیان دیدید' is a very polite and formal way to express condolences for a business failure.

Economic Context

Understand that 'ziyān' is a big topic in Iran due to economic fluctuations; knowing this word helps you follow current events.

Visual Link

Visualize a 'Seen' (the letter S in Persian) which looks like teeth, 'eating' your money—this is the 'ziyān'.

News Keywords

In news, 'ziyān' is often grouped with 'تورم' (inflation) and 'رکود' (recession).

Reputation

Remember that 'ziyān didan' can apply to your 'āberu' (reputation/honor) in very formal or literary contexts.

Plaintiff

If you are 'ziyān-dide' in a legal sense, you are the one who has the right to sue.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Ziyan' sounding like 'The End' (of your money). When you 'Didan' (see) the end of your money, you 'Ziyan Didan'.

Association visuelle

Imagine a big red 'X' over a pile of gold coins. You are looking at (didan) this loss (ziyan).

Word Web

Money Business Accident Regret News Court Reputation Harm

Défi

Try to write three sentences: one about a business losing money, one about a car accident, and one about a bad decision, all using 'زیان دیدن'.

Origine du mot

The word 'زیان' (ziyān) comes from Middle Persian 'zyān', which also meant loss or harm. It is related to the Avestan 'zyāni-'. The auxiliary 'دیدن' (didan) comes from Old Persian 'dī-' (to see).

Sens originel : To experience or witness a reduction in one's wealth or health.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian.

Contexte culturel

Be careful when using 'ziyān' regarding personal health; while correct, 'آسیب دیدن' is more common for physical injuries. 'زیان' can sound a bit cold or purely financial if used wrongly.

In English, we say 'suffer a loss' or 'incur a loss'. 'Suffer' captures the passive, negative experience of the Persian 'didan'.

Saadi's Gulistan often discusses the 'ziyān' of associating with fools. Modern Iranian economic reports use 'شرکت‌های زیان‌ده' to refer to state-owned companies losing money. The 'Profit and Loss' statement in Persian is 'صورت سود و زیان'.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Stock Market

در بورس زیان دیدن
زیان انباشته
فروش با زیان
تحمل زیان

Agriculture

زیان از خشکسالی
محصولات زیان دیدند
جبران زیان کشاورزان
بیمه زیان

Legal Matters

شخص زیان‌دیده
اثبات زیان
مطالبه زیان
جلوگیری از زیان

Personal Relationships

از دوستی زیان دیدن
زیان اخلاقی
لطمه و زیان
تجربه زیان

National Economy

زیان ملی
تحریم و زیان
کاهش زیان
بخش‌های زیان‌دیده

Amorces de conversation

"آیا تا به حال در بورس زیان دیده‌اید؟"

"به نظر شما کدام صنایع از کرونا بیشتر زیان دیدند؟"

"چگونه می‌توان از زیان دیدن در تجارت جلوگیری کرد؟"

"آیا دولت باید زیان کشاورزان را جبران کند؟"

"در چه شرایطی زیان دیدن می‌تواند یک درس خوب باشد؟"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره زمانی بنویسید که در یک معامله یا کار زیان دیدید. چه حسی داشتید؟

آیا فکر می‌کنید زیان دیدن مالی بدتر است یا زیان دیدن عاطفی؟ چرا؟

چگونه یک شرکت می‌تواند بعد از اینکه به‌شدت زیان دید، دوباره موفق شود؟

نقش بیمه در کاهش ترس از زیان دیدن چیست؟

یک داستان کوتاه درباره کسی بنویسید که با وجود زیان دیدن، ناامید نشد.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Yes, but 'خسارت دیدن' or 'آسیب دیدن' is more common for physical objects. 'Ziyān didan' would sound like you are focusing on the financial loss of the phone's value.

'Ziyān' is formal and can be abstract; 'zarar' is casual and almost always financial. In a business report, use 'ziyān'.

You can say 'زیان سنگینی دیدم' (Ziyān-e sangini didam).

Rarely. For injuries, use 'آسیب دیدن' or 'صدمه دیدن'. 'Ziyān' is more about assets or general well-being.

The present stem is 'bin' (بین). So: می‌بینم، می‌بینی، می‌بیند...

Yes, 'زیان‌دیده' (ziyān-dide). It is very common in news reports about victims.

Yes: 'زیان خواهم دید' (I will suffer a loss).

Yes, it means 'loss' or 'harm'. Example: 'این کار زیان دارد' (This work has harm/is harmful).

The most direct opposite is 'سود کردن' (to make a profit) or 'منفعت بردن' (to benefit).

You say 'جلوگیری از زیان' (jologiri az ziyān).

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