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B1 adverb #3,000 le plus courant 11 min de lecture

厳密に

genmitsu ni
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Japanese language. The primary focus is on basic survival communication, simple greetings, and fundamental sentence structures. Words like 'genmitsu ni' (strictly, precisely) are generally far beyond the scope of an A1 curriculum. However, understanding the concept of strictness or precision is still relevant. At this stage, learners might rely on much simpler vocabulary to convey a similar, albeit less nuanced, idea. For instance, they might use words like 'chanto' (properly) or 'kibishii' (strict - used as an adjective for people). If an A1 learner wants to say 'do it strictly,' they might simply say 'chanto shite kudasai' (please do it properly). The grammatical structures available at this level are limited to basic verb conjugations (masu form) and simple particles (wa, ga, o, ni). Therefore, introducing an abstract adverb like 'genmitsu ni' would likely cause confusion. Instead, teachers focus on building a foundation where the learner can understand basic commands and descriptions. If 'genmitsu ni' were to be introduced, it would only be as a set phrase, perhaps 'genmitsu ni iu to' (strictly speaking), taught as a single, unanalyzed chunk of vocabulary. Even then, it is rare. The focus remains on tangible, everyday concepts. The idea of 'strict precision' in definitions or rules is an abstract concept that requires a higher level of cognitive and linguistic processing in the target language. Therefore, while the English concept of 'strictly' is understood, the Japanese translation 'genmitsu ni' is reserved for later stages of learning. A1 learners should focus on mastering 'chanto' and 'honto ni' (really) before attempting to use 'genmitsu ni'.
As learners progress to the A2 level, their vocabulary expands to include more descriptive words and basic adverbs. They can handle routine tasks and simple exchanges of information. While 'genmitsu ni' is still quite advanced for this level, learners might start encountering it in simplified reading materials or structured listening exercises, particularly in the form of the set phrase 'genmitsu ni iu to' (strictly speaking). At this stage, learners are becoming comfortable with modifying verbs using adverbs. They know how to turn adjectives into adverbs (e.g., hayai -> hayaku) and are learning standalone adverbs. However, the semantic nuance of 'genmitsu ni'—the idea of drawing precise logical boundaries—is still difficult to grasp fully. An A2 learner might confuse it with 'kibishiku' (strictly, in a disciplinary sense) because the English translation is the same. A teacher at this level would emphasize the difference between a strict teacher (kibishii sensei) and speaking strictly about a topic (genmitsu ni iu to). The grammar structures used would still be relatively simple. For example, 'Genmitsu ni iu to, chigaimasu' (Strictly speaking, it is wrong). The learner is starting to understand that Japanese has specific words for specific types of 'strictness,' moving away from the one-size-fits-all approach of the A1 level. They are beginning to appreciate the importance of context in vocabulary selection. However, active, spontaneous use of 'genmitsu ni' outside of memorized phrases is unlikely. The focus is on recognizing the word when heard and understanding its general meaning in a clear context.
The B1 level is where 'genmitsu ni' truly enters the learner's active vocabulary. At this intermediate stage, learners can maintain interactions and get across what they want to, in a range of contexts. They are beginning to express abstract thoughts, opinions, and detailed explanations. 'Genmitsu ni' becomes a highly useful tool for clarifying statements and adding precision to their speech. A B1 learner understands that 'chanto' (properly) is too casual for formal situations and that 'kibishiku' (severely) is inappropriate for describing logical precision. They start using 'genmitsu ni' to modify verbs like 'teigi suru' (to define), 'kangaeru' (to think), and 'wakeru' (to divide). The grammatical structures become more complex. They can comfortably use the conditional 'to' in 'genmitsu ni iu to' and understand the contrastive function of the particle 'wa' in 'genmitsu ni wa'. For example, they can construct sentences like 'Kono futatsu no kotoba wa, genmitsu ni wa imi ga chigaimasu' (These two words, strictly speaking, have different meanings). This demonstrates a significant leap in pragmatic competence. The learner is no longer just conveying basic facts; they are managing the flow of conversation, anticipating misunderstandings, and proactively clarifying their points. They are also exposed to this word more frequently in authentic materials, such as news articles, opinion pieces, and intermediate-level podcasts. The challenge at the B1 level is to avoid overusing the phrase 'genmitsu ni iu to' and to start applying the adverb to a wider variety of verbs, thereby expanding its collocational range in their active usage.
At the B2 level, learners possess a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. 'Genmitsu ni' is now a fully integrated part of their vocabulary arsenal. A B2 learner uses this word not just to clarify, but to construct nuanced arguments and analyze detailed information. They are comfortable using it in professional or academic contexts, such as giving a presentation or writing a formal report. They understand the subtle differences between 'genmitsu ni' (strictly/precisely), 'genkaku ni' (rigidly/strictly), and 'seimitsu ni' (minutely/precisely). They know exactly when to deploy each term based on the context (logical vs. disciplinary vs. mechanical). Grammatically, they can embed 'genmitsu ni' within complex sentence structures, such as relative clauses or passive constructions. For example, 'Genmitsu ni keisan sareta dēta ni motodzuite...' (Based on strictly calculated data...). They also understand the cultural and pragmatic implications of the word. They know that using 'genmitsu ni iu to' can sometimes sound pedantic or overly corrective, so they use it judiciously, often softening it with other phrases to maintain social harmony (wa). The B2 learner is capable of reading technical manuals, legal documents, or academic papers where 'genmitsu ni' is used to establish absolute boundaries of meaning. Their challenge is to continue refining their collocational knowledge, ensuring they pair the adverb with the most natural-sounding verbs in highly specific, advanced contexts.
The C1 level represents advanced proficiency. Learners can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. For a C1 learner, 'genmitsu ni' is a basic building block of sophisticated discourse. They use it effortlessly to navigate complex, abstract, and highly technical topics. At this level, the focus is on stylistic variation and absolute precision. A C1 learner might use 'genmitsu ni' in a heated academic debate to dismantle an opponent's argument by pointing out a flaw in their definitions. They can write complex academic papers where 'genmitsu ni' is used to define the scope of their research. For example, 'Honkō ni okeru "shakai" to iu gainen wa, genmitsu ni wa ikano yō ni teigi sareru' (The concept of 'society' in this paper is strictly defined as follows). They are acutely aware of the register and tone of the word, using it to establish authority and intellectual rigor. They also understand how to play with the word, perhaps using it ironically or rhetorically in a sophisticated piece of writing. The grammatical integration is flawless; they can use it with complex compound verbs, advanced passive-causative structures, and nuanced conditional forms. The C1 learner does not just know what the word means; they know how it feels, how it impacts the listener, and how it shapes the overall structure of an argument. They can easily distinguish it from highly advanced synonyms and select the perfect word to convey their exact intended meaning.
At the C2 level, learners have achieved mastery of the language, functioning at a level comparable to a highly educated native speaker. They can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. For a C2 learner, 'genmitsu ni' is used with the same intuitive precision as a native scholar or professional. They employ it in the most demanding contexts: drafting legal contracts, writing peer-reviewed scientific papers, or engaging in high-level philosophical discourse. At this stage, the usage of 'genmitsu ni' goes beyond mere vocabulary; it is a tool for shaping thought itself. A C2 speaker might use it to challenge the very epistemological foundations of a statement. For example, in a legal context: 'Jōbun no kaishaku ni saishite wa, mon'gon o genmitsu ni tekiyō suru nomi narazu, sono rippō shushi o mo kōryo subeki de aru' (In interpreting the provisions, one must not only apply the wording strictly but also consider the legislative intent). They understand the historical and etymological weight of the kanji characters and can use this knowledge to invent new, context-specific collocations that sound perfectly natural. They can seamlessly transition between using 'genmitsu ni' in a highly formal, rigid sense and using it in a lighter, conversational manner to make a witty, pedantic joke. The C2 learner's command of 'genmitsu ni' demonstrates their absolute control over the Japanese language's capacity for extreme precision and nuanced expression.
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

厳密に en 30 secondes

  • Means 'strictly' or 'precisely'.
  • Used for exact definitions and rules.
  • Common phrase: 厳密に言うと (strictly speaking).
  • Not for behavior (use 厳しく instead).
When embarking on the journey of mastering the Japanese language, learners inevitably encounter vocabulary that requires a nuanced understanding of context, tone, and precise semantic boundaries. The adverb 厳密に (genmitsu ni) is a quintessential example of such a word. At its core, it translates to 'strictly,' 'precisely,' or 'in a strict sense.' To truly grasp what it means, we must first dissect its kanji components. The first character, 厳 (gen), carries the meaning of 'strict,' 'severe,' or 'rigid.' It is the same kanji found in words like 厳しい (kibishii, strict) and 厳格 (genkaku, strict/stern). The second character, 密 (mitsu), implies 'dense,' 'crowded,' 'close,' or 'secret,' appearing in words like 秘密 (himitsu, secret) and 密集 (misshū, crowding). When combined, these two characters create a concept of something being tightly and severely defined, leaving absolutely no room for ambiguity, looseness, or broad interpretation.
Etymological Breakdown
The combination of strictness and density perfectly encapsulates the idea of precision. It is not just about being harsh; it is about closing all gaps in meaning or application.
Therefore, when you use this word, you are signaling to your listener or reader that you are applying a very tight, uncompromising standard to whatever is being discussed.

Sentence 厳密に言うと、それは間違いです。(Strictly speaking, that is incorrect.)

This is incredibly common in academic, legal, and technical contexts where precision is paramount. However, it also frequently appears in everyday conversational Japanese when someone wants to correct a slight misconception or clarify a technicality. It is important to distinguish this from words that mean 'accurately' in a general sense, like 正確に (seikaku ni). While 'seikaku ni' means hitting the bullseye, 'genmitsu ni' means defining the exact dimensions of the bullseye before you even shoot.

Sentence 厳密に定義する。(To define strictly.)

Semantic Nuance
The nuance here is about boundaries. It is about drawing a line in the sand and saying 'this belongs here, and that belongs there, with no overlap.'
In many ways, mastering this word is a milestone for intermediate learners transitioning to advanced proficiency, as it allows for the expression of complex, highly specific thoughts.

Sentence ルールを厳密に適用する。(To apply the rules strictly.)

When you hear native speakers use it, pay attention to the subtle shift in tone; it often precedes a statement that might contradict a generally accepted but technically flawed assumption.

Sentence 厳密に検査を行う。(To conduct a strict inspection.)

Pragmatic Function
Pragmatically, it serves as a discourse marker that prepares the listener for a detailed, perhaps pedantic, but necessary clarification.
Ultimately, understanding this adverb enriches your ability to navigate complex discussions in Japanese, ensuring your points are made with the exactitude they deserve.

Sentence 意味を厳密に区別する。(To strictly distinguish the meanings.)

Understanding the theoretical meaning of a word is only the first step; the true test of language acquisition lies in practical application. When it comes to using 厳密に (genmitsu ni), its grammatical function as an adverb dictates its placement and interaction with other elements in a sentence. Because it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, it is highly versatile but requires a solid grasp of Japanese syntax. The most ubiquitous phrase you will encounter and use is undoubtedly 厳密に言うと (genmitsu ni iu to), which translates to 'strictly speaking.' This phrase acts as a conversational pivot.
Conversational Pivot
A conversational pivot is a phrase that shifts the direction of the dialogue, often introducing a counterpoint or a more detailed explanation of the current topic.
You use it when someone makes a broad statement that is generally true but technically flawed. For instance, if someone points to a tomato and calls it a vegetable, you might interject with this phrase before explaining its botanical classification as a fruit.

Sentence 厳密に言うと、トマトは果物です。(Strictly speaking, a tomato is a fruit.)

Beyond this set phrase, the adverb is frequently paired with verbs related to administration, science, law, and logic. For example, in a business setting, you might need to enforce a policy without exceptions. Here, you would use it with verbs like 守る (mamoru, to protect/obey) or 管理する (kanri suru, to manage).

Sentence データを厳密に管理する。(To manage data strictly.)

Collocational Patterns
Notice how it naturally gravitates towards verbs of control, definition, and analysis. This collocational pattern is key to sounding natural.
It is also crucial to understand the negative constructions. If something is not strictly defined, you would say 厳密には定義されていない (genmitsu ni wa teigi sarete inai). Notice the addition of the particle は (wa) after the adverb.

Sentence 厳密には同じではない。(Strictly speaking, they are not the same.)

This 'ni wa' construction is used to create a contrast, implying 'it might be broadly true, but strictly speaking, it is not.' Furthermore, in technical writing, you might see it modifying adjectives, though this is less common than verb modification.

Sentence 条件を厳密に設定する。(To set the conditions strictly.)

Syntactic Flexibility
While primarily an adverb modifying verbs, its conceptual weight allows it to influence the entire clause, acting almost like a sentence adverb in phrases like 'genmitsu ni iu to'.
Practice using this word in various contexts, from casual corrections among friends to formal presentations, to fully integrate it into your active vocabulary.

Sentence 規則を厳密に解釈する。(To interpret the rules strictly.)

The contexts in which a word appears often dictate its register and the demographic that uses it most frequently. For 厳密に (genmitsu ni), the environments are typically those that demand high levels of accuracy, precision, and formal boundaries. One of the most common places you will encounter this word is in academic settings. University lectures, research papers, and academic debates are breeding grounds for this type of vocabulary.
Academic Discourse
In academia, ambiguity is the enemy of truth. Therefore, scholars rely heavily on words that establish precise parameters for their arguments and data.
When a professor is explaining a complex theory, they will often use this word to ensure students do not confuse it with a similar, but distinct, concept.

Sentence 論文で用語を厳密に定義する。(To strictly define terms in a thesis.)

Another major domain is the legal and administrative sector. Laws, contracts, and official regulations must be interpreted without ambiguity to ensure fair and consistent application. Lawyers and bureaucrats frequently use it when discussing the interpretation of statutes.

Sentence 法律を厳密に適用する。(To apply the law strictly.)

Legal Terminology
In legal Japanese, precision is not just a stylistic choice; it is a functional necessity to prevent loopholes and ensure justice.
The IT and engineering sectors also rely heavily on this adverb. When writing code, designing bridges, or formulating chemical compounds, 'close enough' is rarely acceptable. Specifications must be followed to the letter.

Sentence 仕様書通りに厳密に実装する。(To implement strictly according to the specifications.)

However, it is not entirely confined to these high-level professional spheres. You will also hear it in everyday media, such as news broadcasts, documentaries, and even talk shows.

Sentence 事実関係を厳密に調査する。(To strictly investigate the factual relations.)

Media Usage
In journalism, maintaining credibility requires a strict adherence to facts, making this word a staple in investigative reporting.
Even in casual conversations among friends, someone might use it playfully to be pedantic about a trivial matter, such as the exact rules of a board game or the precise ingredients of a recipe.

Sentence 厳密に言うと、これはピザじゃない。(Strictly speaking, this isn't pizza.)

As with any advanced vocabulary word, learners often stumble when trying to integrate 厳密に (genmitsu ni) into their active usage. The most prevalent mistakes stem from confusing it with other adverbs that share similar English translations but have distinct nuances in Japanese. A classic error is conflating it with 厳しく (kibishiku). While both can be translated as 'strictly,' their applications are entirely different. 'Kibishiku' refers to severity in behavior, discipline, or conditions. You would use it when talking about a strict teacher, severe weather, or harsh punishment.
Behavioral vs. Definitional
Remember that 'kibishiku' is about how harsh someone or something is, while 'genmitsu ni' is about how precise and uncompromising a definition or standard is.
If you say 厳密に叱る (genmitsu ni shikaru), it sounds incredibly unnatural, as you cannot scold someone 'precisely' in this sense; you scold them severely (厳しく叱る).

Sentence ❌ 子供を厳密に育てる。 ⭕ 子供を厳しく育てる。(To raise a child strictly.)

Another common pitfall is using it interchangeably with 正確に (seikaku ni), which means 'accurately' or 'correctly.' While they overlap in contexts requiring precision, 'seikaku ni' is broader. You can sing a song accurately (正確に歌う), but you cannot sing it 'genmitsu ni.'

Sentence ❌ 時計が厳密に動く。 ⭕ 時計が正確に動く。(The clock runs accurately.)

Accuracy vs. Strictness
Accuracy (seikaku) is about hitting the target. Strictness (genmitsu) is about the uncompromising nature of the rules governing the target.
Learners also sometimes struggle with the negative form. When trying to say 'not strictly speaking,' they might incorrectly negate the adverb itself, creating awkward phrasing. The correct approach is to use the particle は (wa) to contrast, as in 厳密には〜ない (genmitsu ni wa ~ nai).

Sentence ❌ 厳密に違います。 ⭕ 厳密には違います。(Strictly speaking, it's not wrong / It's not strictly wrong.)

Finally, overusing the phrase 厳密に言うと (genmitsu ni iu to) in casual conversation can make you sound overly pedantic or argumentative.

Sentence ❌ (Every 5 minutes) 厳密に言うと... (Strictly speaking...)

Pragmatic Overuse
While it is a fantastic phrase, using it too often in lighthearted contexts can kill the mood, as it constantly halts the flow of conversation to focus on technicalities.
By being aware of these common mistakes, you can refine your usage and sound much more natural and sophisticated.

Sentence ⭕ 状況を厳密に分析する。(To analyze the situation strictly.)

Expanding your vocabulary means not just learning isolated words, but understanding the web of synonyms and related terms that surround them. For 厳密に (genmitsu ni), there are several similar words, each carrying its own unique flavor and specific use case. By comparing and contrasting these, we can sharpen our understanding of the target word. One closely related term is 厳格に (genkaku ni). While both share the kanji 厳 (strict), 'genkaku ni' leans more towards rigidity in rules, morals, or discipline. It is less about analytical precision and more about uncompromising adherence to a code.
Genkaku vs. Genmitsu
'Genkaku' is often used for strict parents, rigid religious practices, or uncompromising legal enforcement, whereas 'genmitsu' is for precise definitions and logical boundaries.

Sentence 規則を厳格に守る。(To obey the rules rigidly.) vs ルールを厳密に定義する。(To define the rules strictly.)

Another similar word is 精密に (seimitsu ni). This word focuses on the physical or mechanical aspect of precision. It is used when talking about intricate machinery, detailed medical examinations, or highly accurate instruments.

Sentence 精密に作られた機械。(A precisely manufactured machine.)

Mechanical vs. Logical
'Seimitsu' deals with tangible, physical exactness. 'Genmitsu' deals with conceptual, logical exactness.
We must also revisit 正確に (seikaku ni), which means 'accurately.' As discussed in the common mistakes section, 'seikaku' is about correctness and hitting the mark, free from errors. It is a much broader term and can often be used in place of 'genmitsu ni' in less formal contexts, though it loses the nuance of 'strict boundaries.'

Sentence 正確に計算する。(To calculate accurately.)

Additionally, 詳細に (shōsai ni), meaning 'in detail,' is related. While providing details often leads to strict precision, the two are not identical. You can describe something in detail without necessarily being strict about its definitional boundaries.

Sentence 詳細に説明する。(To explain in detail.)

Detail vs. Precision
Detail is about quantity and depth of information. Precision is about the sharpness and exactitude of the boundaries of that information.
By understanding these subtle differences, you can choose the perfect word for your specific context, demonstrating a high level of fluency and cultural competence.

Sentence 言葉の意味を厳密に使い分ける。(To strictly differentiate the meanings of words.)

How Formal Is It?

Formel

""

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Exemples par niveau

1

これをちゃんとしてください。

Please do this properly. (Alternative to strictly)

Uses ちゃんと (chanto) instead of 厳密に as it is more suitable for A1.

2

先生は厳しいです。

The teacher is strict.

Uses 厳しい (kibishii) for strictness in personality.

3

ルールを守ります。

I follow the rules.

Basic verb 守る (mamoru) without the complex adverb.

4

それは本当ですか？

Is that really true?

Uses 本当に (honto ni) for basic confirmation.

5

まっすぐ歩いてください。

Please walk straight.

Uses まっすぐ (massugu) for physical precision.

6

時間がきっちりしています。

The time is exact.

Uses きっちり (kicchiri) for exactness in time/amount.

7

正しく書いてください。

Please write it correctly.

Uses 正しく (tadashiku) for correctness.

8

よく見てください。

Please look closely.

Uses よく (yoku) for doing something thoroughly.

1

厳密に言うと、違います。

Strictly speaking, it's wrong.

Introduction of the set phrase 厳密に言うと (genmitsu ni iu to).

2

厳密に言うと、これは果物です。

Strictly speaking, this is a fruit.

Using the phrase to correct a common misconception.

3

ルールは厳密ではありません。

The rules are not strict.

Using 厳密 as a na-adjective (genmitsu de wa arimasen).

4

もっと厳密にチェックしてください。

Please check more strictly.

Modifying a katakana verb (chekku suru).

5

厳密な意味は分かりません。

I don't know the strict meaning.

Using 厳密な (genmitsu na) to modify a noun.

6

時間は厳密に守りましょう。

Let's keep the time strictly.

Pairing with 守る (mamoru - to protect/keep).

7

厳密に計算しましたか？

Did you calculate it strictly/precisely?

Pairing with 計算する (keisan suru - to calculate).

8

厳密に言うと、まだ終わっていません。

Strictly speaking, it's not finished yet.

Using the set phrase to clarify a status.

1

この言葉の意味を厳密に定義する必要があります。

It is necessary to strictly define the meaning of this word.

Pairing with 定義する (teigi suru - to define).

2

規則を厳密に適用すると、彼は失格になります。

If the rules are strictly applied, he will be disqualified.

Using conditional と (to) with 適用する (tekiyou suru - to apply).

3

厳密には、その二つの概念は異なります。

Strictly speaking, those two concepts are different.

Using 厳密には (genmitsu ni wa) for contrastive focus.

4

データを厳密に分析した結果、新しい事実が分かりました。

As a result of strictly analyzing the data, a new fact was discovered.

Modifying 分析する (bunseki suru - to analyze).

5

彼の意見は、厳密に言えば間違っている。

His opinion, strictly speaking, is wrong.

Using the conditional form 言えば (ieba).

6

品質管理は厳密に行われています。

Quality control is conducted strictly.

Using passive voice 行われる (okonawareru - to be conducted).

7

条件を厳密に設定しないと、実験は失敗します。

If the conditions are not set strictly, the experiment will fail.

Pairing with 設定する (settei suru - to set).

8

法律の文章は、言葉が厳密に選ばれています。

In legal documents, words are strictly chosen.

Modifying 選ばれる (erabareru - to be chosen).

1

その理論は、数学的に厳密に証明されている。

That theory is strictly proven mathematically.

Combining adverbs: 数学的に (suugakuteki ni) and 厳密に.

2

プライバシーの保護については、より厳密な対応が求められる。

Regarding privacy protection, a more strict response is required.

Using より厳密な (yori genmitsu na - more strict) as an adjective phrase.

3

両者の違いを厳密に区別することは困難である。

It is difficult to strictly distinguish the difference between the two.

Pairing with 区別する (kubetsu suru - to distinguish).

4

契約書の条項は、一言一句厳密に解釈されなければならない。

The clauses of the contract must be interpreted strictly, word for word.

Pairing with 解釈する (kaishaku suru - to interpret) in the passive obligatory form.

5

厳密な意味での「民主主義」は、古代ギリシャにしか存在しないという意見もある。

There is an opinion that 'democracy' in the strict sense only existed in ancient Greece.

Using 厳密な意味での (genmitsu na imi de no - in the strict sense of).

6

システムへのアクセス権限は厳密に管理されている。

Access rights to the system are strictly managed.

Pairing with 管理する (kanri suru - to manage).

7

この基準を厳密に満たす製品だけが出荷されます。

Only products that strictly meet this standard are shipped.

Pairing with 満たす (mitasu - to satisfy/meet).

8

歴史的な事実は、客観的かつ厳密に検証されるべきだ。

Historical facts should be verified objectively and strictly.

Combining with 客観的かつ (kyakkanteki katsu - objectively and).

1

本研究における「貧困」の概念は、以下のように厳密に操作化される。

The concept of 'poverty' in this study is strictly operationalized as follows.

Academic phrasing: 操作化される (sousaka sareru - to be operationalized).

2

法解釈において、文理解釈を厳密に貫くか、目的論的解釈を採るかは常に議論の的となる。

In legal interpretation, whether to strictly adhere to textual interpretation or adopt teleological interpretation is always a subject of debate.

Advanced legal vocabulary: 文理解釈 (bunri kaishaku - textual interpretation).

3

その仮説は、厳密な対照実験によってのみ検証可能である。

That hypothesis can only be verified through a strict controlled experiment.

Using 厳密な (genmitsu na) to modify 対照実験 (taishou jikken - controlled experiment).

4

言語学的に厳密に言えば、その二つの音素は異音として扱われるべきだ。

Linguistically strictly speaking, those two phonemes should be treated as allophones.

Domain-specific phrasing: 言語学的に厳密に言えば (gengogakuteki ni genmitsu ni ieba).

5

システムの脆弱性を排除するため、コードの監査は極めて厳密に行われた。

To eliminate system vulnerabilities, the code audit was conducted extremely strictly.

Using 極めて (kiwamete - extremely) to intensify 厳密に.

6

彼の論証は一見筋が通っているように見えるが、論理的推論の過程を厳密に追うと飛躍がある。

His argument seems logical at first glance, but if you strictly follow the process of logical deduction, there is a leap.

Pairing with 追う (ou - to follow/trace).

7

著作権法の適用範囲を厳密に画定することは、デジタル時代において喫緊の課題である。

Strictly demarcating the scope of application of copyright law is an urgent issue in the digital age.

Advanced verb: 画定する (kakutei suru - to demarcate/define).

8

その概念規定の厳密さを欠いたまま議論を進めることは、砂上の楼閣に等しい。

Proceeding with the discussion while lacking strictness in the conceptual definition is equivalent to a house built on sand.

Using the noun form 厳密さ (genmitsusa - strictness).

1

カント哲学における「定言命法」の適用は、いかなる例外的状況をも許容しないという意味において極限まで厳密である。

The application of the 'categorical imperative' in Kantian philosophy is strictly absolute to the extreme, in the sense that it allows for no exceptional circumstances whatsoever.

Highly abstract philosophical discourse.

2

量子力学の観測問題において、測定という行為をいかに厳密に定式化するかは、依然として未解決の難問である。

In the measurement problem of quantum mechanics, how to strictly formulate the act of measurement remains an unsolved conundrum.

Advanced scientific vocabulary: 定式化する (teishikika suru - to formulate).

3

条約の解釈権限を巡る国家間の対立は、文言の厳密な解釈主義と、状況適応的な動態的解釈との相克に帰着する。

Conflicts between nations over the authority to interpret treaties ultimately come down to the clash between strict textual interpretivism and situationally adaptive dynamic interpretation.

Complex noun phrase: 文言の厳密な解釈主義 (mongon no genmitsu na kaishakushugi).

4

当該アルゴリズムの計算量は、最悪計算量（Worst-case complexity）の観点から厳密に評価されねばならない。

The computational complexity of the algorithm in question must be strictly evaluated from the perspective of worst-case complexity.

Computer science domain: 厳密に評価される (genmitsu ni hyouka sareru).

5

歴史修正主義の台頭に抗するためには、一次史料の厳密な批判的吟味が不可欠である。

To resist the rise of historical revisionism, a strict critical examination of primary historical sources is indispensable.

Academic phrasing: 厳密な批判的吟味 (genmitsu na hihanteki ginmi).

6

自己言及のパラドックスを回避するため、メタ言語と対象言語の階層を厳密に峻別する手法が採られた。

To avoid the paradox of self-reference, a method was adopted to strictly and sharply distinguish the hierarchy between metalanguage and object language.

Advanced verb: 峻別する (shunbetsu suru - to distinguish sharply).

7

微視的経済モデルの構築に際しては、各主体の合理性に関する仮定が厳密に明示されることが前提となる。

When constructing a microeconomic model, it is a prerequisite that the assumptions regarding the rationality of each agent are strictly specified.

Pairing with 明示される (meiji sareru - to be explicitly stated).

8

芸術作品の美的価値を客観的指標によって厳密に計量化しようとする試みは、本質的に限界を孕んでいる。

Attempts to strictly quantify the aesthetic value of artworks using objective indicators inherently contain limitations.

Advanced verb: 計量化する (keiryouka suru - to quantify).

Collocations courantes

厳密に言うと
厳密に定義する
厳密に区別する
厳密に管理する
厳密に適用する
厳密に解釈する
厳密に審査する
厳密に計算する
厳密に分析する
厳密に調査する

Phrases Courantes

厳密に言えば

厳密な意味で

厳密には異なる

厳密な審査を経て

厳密な基準を満たす

厳密な調査を行う

厳密な定義に基づく

厳密な管理の下で

厳密に区別されるべき

厳密なテストをクリアする

Souvent confondu avec

厳密に vs 厳しく (kibishiku) - Strict in behavior/discipline, not logic.

厳密に vs 正確に (seikaku ni) - Accurate/correct, but not necessarily about strict boundaries.

厳密に vs 精密に (seimitsu ni) - Precise in a mechanical or physical sense.

Expressions idiomatiques

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Facile à confondre

厳密に vs 厳格に

Genkaku is about rigid adherence to moral or disciplinary codes, while genmitsu is about logical or definitional precision.

厳密に vs 正確に

Seikaku means free from error (accurate). Genmitsu means narrowly and tightly defined (strict).

厳密に vs 詳細に

Shousai means providing a lot of details. Genmitsu means the details are strictly bounded.

厳密に vs 綿密に

Menmitsu implies careful, thorough planning without missing anything. Genmitsu focuses on the strictness of the criteria.

厳密に vs きっちり

Kicchiri is a more casual, phonetic word meaning 'exactly' or 'tightly', often used for physical fit or time.

Structures de phrases

Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Carries a tone of intellectual rigor and analytical precision.

frequency

Common in written Japanese, news, and formal speech. Occasional in casual speech as a set phrase.

colloquialisms

Sometimes shortened in very casual slang, but generally maintains its full form due to its formal nature.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 厳密に (genmitsu ni) to mean 'severely' when scolding someone (should be 厳しく).
  • Using 厳密に (genmitsu ni) to describe a strict personality (should be 厳しい).
  • Saying 厳密じゃない (genmitsu ja nai) instead of the more natural 厳密には〜ない (genmitsu ni wa ~ nai) when negating a concept.
  • Confusing it with 精密に (seimitsu ni) when talking about physical machinery or watches.
  • Overusing 厳密に言うと (strictly speaking) in casual conversation, sounding pedantic.

Astuces

Use with 'to' for speaking

When using it with the verb 'to say' (言う), always use the conditional 'to' (と) or 'eba' (えば). 'Genmitsu ni iu to' or 'Genmitsu ni ieba'. This sets up the condition 'If we speak strictly...' before delivering the main point.

Not for strict teachers

Never use 'genmitsu' to describe a strict person, teacher, or parent. This is a very common mistake. Always use 'kibishii' for people and 'genmitsu' for rules, definitions, and logic.

The 'Know-it-all' warning

Be careful not to overuse 'genmitsu ni iu to' in casual chats. Constantly correcting people on technicalities can make you sound annoying. Use it sparingly when the distinction actually matters.

Elevate your essays

If you are writing an essay for the JLPT or a university class, use 'genmitsu ni teigi suru' (to define strictly) in your introduction. It instantly makes your writing sound academic and well-structured.

Listen for the 'wa'

When listening to native speakers, notice how often they insert 'wa' (厳密には). This 'wa' is a huge hint that a negative or contrastive statement is coming next. It helps you predict the end of the sentence.

Focus on boundaries

When deciding whether to use 'genmitsu ni' or 'seikaku ni' (accurately), ask yourself if you are drawing a boundary. If you are separating A from B, use 'genmitsu'. If you are just trying not to make a mistake, use 'seikaku'.

Pair with 'kanri' (management)

In business contexts, 'genmitsu ni kanri suru' (strictly manage) is a golden phrase. Use it in job interviews or business emails to show you are careful and reliable with data or money.

Flat pitch accent

The pitch accent for 'genmitsu ni' is flat (heiban). It starts low on 'ge' and stays high for 'n-mi-tsu-ni'. Don't drop the pitch at the end, or it will sound unnatural.

Spotting it in contracts

If you live in Japan and sign a contract, look for the word 厳密. It usually highlights the most inflexible parts of the agreement, such as cancellation policies or deadlines.

Appreciating precision

Using this word correctly shows you understand the Japanese appreciation for meticulousness. It reflects a cultural value where doing things 'exactly by the book' is often considered a virtue.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

GENerally, MITSU (meat soup) is strictly measured in precise recipes.

Origine du mot

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

Contexte culturel

Japanese academic writing relies heavily on 'genmitsu na teigi' (strict definitions) to avoid the ambiguity inherent in everyday Japanese.

In a Japanese company, 'genmitsu na kanri' (strict management) of data and schedules is expected. Mistakes due to a lack of 'genmitsu' are viewed poorly.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"厳密に言うと、あなたの趣味は何ですか？ (Strictly speaking, what is your hobby?)"

"ルールは厳密に守るべきだと思いますか？ (Do you think rules should be strictly followed?)"

"日本語の文法で、厳密に理解するのが難しいところはどこですか？ (What part of Japanese grammar is difficult to understand strictly?)"

"仕事でデータを厳密に管理していますか？ (Do you manage data strictly at work?)"

"「好き」と「愛している」の違いを厳密に説明できますか？ (Can you strictly explain the difference between 'like' and 'love'?)"

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a time when you had to follow a rule very strictly (厳密に).

Explain the difference between two similar things in your native language, starting with '厳密に言うと...'

Describe a process in your job or studies that requires strict (厳密な) management.

Do you prefer an environment where rules are strictly (厳密に) enforced or loosely applied? Why?

Define your concept of 'happiness' as strictly (厳密に) as possible.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, you cannot. 厳密に (genmitsu ni) is used for logical precision, rules, and definitions. For strict people, behavior, or discipline, you must use 厳しい (kibishii) or 厳格な (genkaku na). Saying your parents raised you 'genmitsu ni' sounds like they raised you using a mathematical formula. Use 'kibishiku sodaterareta' instead.

Both can translate to 'to be exact' or 'accurately speaking.' However, 正確に言うと (seikaku ni iu to) simply means you are correcting a factual error to provide the accurate information. 厳密に言うと (genmitsu ni iu to) implies you are applying a very strict, perhaps pedantic, definition to the topic. 'Genmitsu' feels more analytical and boundary-focused.

Yes, it is generally considered a formal, academic, or professional word. However, the specific phrase 厳密に言うと (strictly speaking) has crossed over into everyday conversational Japanese. You can use this phrase with friends when you want to playfully correct a technicality. The standalone adverb is mostly kept for formal contexts.

You should use the contrastive particle は (wa) and negate the verb that follows. The phrase is 厳密には〜ない (genmitsu ni wa ~ nai). For example, 厳密には同じではない (genmitsu ni wa onaji de wa nai) means 'strictly speaking, they are not the same.' Do not say 'genmitsu ja naku'.

Yes, because it is a na-adjective at its root. You can say 厳密な (genmitsu na) before a noun. Common examples include 厳密な定義 (genmitsu na teigi - strict definition), 厳密な審査 (genmitsu na shinsa - strict examination), and 厳密な意味 (genmitsu na imi - strict meaning). It works exactly like other na-adjectives.

The kanji 密 (mitsu) means dense, crowded, or close. In the context of 厳密 (genmitsu), it metaphorically means that the rules or definitions are so 'dense' and 'close' together that there are no gaps or loopholes. Combined with 厳 (strict), it creates the image of an impenetrable, strict boundary.

While you can use it for the *rules* of measurement, for the physical precision of instruments or fine measurements, 精密に (seimitsu ni) is usually better. For example, a precisely made watch is 精密な時計 (seimitsu na tokei). But if you strictly measure ingredients according to a rule, 厳密に計る (genmitsu ni hakaru) is acceptable.

Absolutely. It is highly frequent in business Japanese, especially in contracts, IT specifications, and compliance discussions. Phrases like データを厳密に管理する (strictly manage data) or コンプライアンスを厳密に遵守する (strictly comply with regulations) are standard corporate terminology.

厳密 (genmitsu) is typically classified as N2 vocabulary. It requires an understanding of abstract concepts and formal usage. However, because the phrase 'genmitsu ni iu to' is so common, even N3 learners might encounter it in listening sections or daily life.

Yes, in casual conversation, native speakers sometimes use 'genmitsu ni iu to' ironically to point out a completely trivial and unnecessary detail, acting overly pedantic for comedic effect. It shows a high level of fluency to play with the formal register of the word in a casual setting.

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