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B2 noun #2,000 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

변동

byeondong Top 2,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 변동 en 30 secondes

Explication 변동 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '변동' might be a bit difficult, but you can understand it as a formal way to say 'change'. Think of it when you see prices in a shop or times on a bus schedule. If the price of an apple was 1,000 won yesterday and is 1,200 won today, that is '변동'. You can use simple sentences like '변동이 있어요' (There is a change) or '변동이 없어요' (There is no change). It is mostly used for things that move up and down, like numbers. Don't worry about the Hanja yet; just remember it's a 'moving change'. For example, if your teacher says '시간 변동' (time change), it means the class time has moved. It's a very useful word to recognize when you travel in Korea because you will see it on screens at airports and stations. Even though '바뀌다' is easier, '변동' is what you will see in official notices.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '변동' in specific contexts like weather and basic shopping. You might say '기온 변동이 심해요' (The temperature fluctuation is severe) when the weather is unpredictable. This is more precise than just saying the weather is 'strange'. You should also recognize '변동 사항' (changed matters/updates) in emails or announcements. When you hear '변동 사항이 있습니까?' it means 'Are there any changes?'. You can answer '네, 있습니다' or '아니요, 없습니다'. At this level, you are moving beyond simple verbs to nouns that describe situations. '변동' helps you talk about the world more objectively. Remember that '변동' is usually for things that are not people, like prices, times, and rules. If you change your mind, you still use '생각이 바뀌다', but if the price of your favorite snack changes, it's '가격 변동'.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '변동' in professional or academic discussions. You can describe trends using phrases like '변동이 크다' (large fluctuation) or '변동이 작다' (small fluctuation). You will encounter this word often in news articles about the economy or society. For example, '인구 변동' (population fluctuation) or '주가 변동' (stock price fluctuation). You should also start using the passive form '변동되다' (to be changed). For instance, '일정이 변동되었습니다' (The schedule has been changed). This sounds much more formal and appropriate for a workplace than '일정이 바뀌었어요'. You can also use it to discuss stability. If something is '변동이 없다', it means it is stable. This is a key word for describing data in reports or presentations. You are now learning to distinguish between '변화' (general change) and '변동' (fluctuation/shift).

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At the B2 level, '변동' is a core vocabulary word for discussing complex topics. You should understand related terms like '변동성' (volatility) and '변동 폭' (range of fluctuation). You can use '변동' to analyze market trends or social phenomena. For example, '환율 변동에 따른 수출 영향' (The impact on exports according to exchange rate fluctuations). You should also be able to use it in the context of '신변 변동' (change in one's personal circumstances/status) in formal documents. At this level, you understand that '변동' implies a certain level of uncertainty or instability. You can use it to argue why a certain policy or investment is risky. '변동성이 너무 커서 위험합니다' (It is dangerous because the volatility is too high). You are also expected to know the difference between '변동' and '변경' (intentional modification). Using '변동' correctly shows that you can handle formal, abstract, and technical Korean.

At the C1 level, you use '변동' with precision in specialized fields like finance, law, or sociology. You can discuss '변동 금리' (floating interest rates) versus '고정 금리' (fixed interest rates) and explain the pros and cons of each. You might analyze '물가 변동 지수' (price fluctuation index) or '인구 변동 추이' (population fluctuation trends) in a research paper. Your usage of '변동' should reflect an understanding of its systemic implications. For example, you might talk about how '정치적 변동' (political shifts) affect international relations. You can also use the word metaphorically in high-level literature or essays to describe the '변동' of human history or thought. At this stage, you are not just using the word; you are manipulating it to express subtle nuances about the nature of change itself—whether it is cyclical, erratic, or structural.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '변동' is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You use it in complex grammatical structures and in combination with advanced Hanja-based vocabulary. You might discuss '거시경제적 변동성' (macroeconomic volatility) or '사회 구조적 변동' (socio-structural changes) with ease. You can appreciate the nuance of '변동' in legal texts, such as '권리 변동' (change of rights) in property law. You can also use it to describe the most subtle shifts in scientific data or philosophical arguments. Your ability to distinguish '변동' from '변천', '변환', '변질', and '변모' is perfect, allowing you to choose the exact word that fits the context's technical and emotional requirements. You can lead high-level debates on how to manage '변동성' in a globalized world, using the word as a tool for deep analysis and strategic thinking.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

변동 en 30 secondes

변동 means fluctuation or change, primarily used for data, prices, and formal schedules.
It is a Hanja-based word (變 change + 動 move) suggesting dynamic movement.
Commonly paired with '심하다' (severe), '없다' (none), or '되다' (to be changed).
Essential for business, news, and academic contexts to describe unstable situations.

The Korean noun 변동 (Byeondong) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe the state of shifting, fluctuating, or undergoing changes in status, quantity, or value. Derived from the Hanja characters 變 (변 - change) and 動 (동 - move), it literally translates to 'change and movement.' Unlike general words for change, '변동' carries a nuance of instability or oscillation, often used in contexts where a baseline value is moving up or down.

Core Concept: Fluctuation or variation in numerical data, prices, or atmospheric conditions.

최근 주식 시장의 가격 변동이 매우 심합니다. (The price fluctuations in the stock market have been very severe recently.)

In professional and academic settings, this word is indispensable. It describes how a system reacts to external stimuli. For instance, in economics, '물가 변동' (price fluctuation) refers to the rise and fall of the cost of goods. In meteorology, '기온 변동' (temperature fluctuation) describes the erratic changes in weather. The word implies that the change is not necessarily a one-way progression but rather a series of movements that could go in any direction.

Hanja Breakdown: 變 (변): To change, transform, or become different.
動 (동): To move, act, or stir.

환율 변동 보험에 가입하는 것이 안전합니다. (It is safe to sign up for exchange rate fluctuation insurance.)

Furthermore, '변동' is often used in administrative contexts. When a company changes its organizational structure or when there is a change in a person's status (like a promotion or relocation), it is called '신변 변동' or '조직 변동'. This highlights that the word isn't just for numbers, but for any situation where the 'current state' is being altered or moved into a new state.

계획에 약간의 변동 사항이 생겼습니다. (There have been some changes/fluctuations in the plan.)

Usage Frequency: Extremely high in news, business reports, and formal documentation. Moderate in daily conversation when discussing prices or schedules.

인구 변동 추이를 분석해야 합니다. (We need to analyze the trend of population fluctuations.)

이번 달에는 월급에 변동이 없을 예정입니다. (There will be no change in the salary this month.)

Using 변동 correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. It functions primarily as a noun, but it can be combined with verbs like 있다 (to have/exist), 생기다 (to occur), or 되다 (to become/be changed). In more formal writing, it is often paired with 사항 (matters/details) to form 변동 사항, meaning 'changes' or 'updates'.

Common Verb Pairings: 변동이 있다 (There is a change), 변동이 심하다 (Fluctuations are severe), 변동을 주다 (To cause a change), 변동되다 (To be changed/fluctuated).

비행기 시간이 변동되었으니 확인해 보세요. (The flight time has been changed, so please check it.)

When you want to describe the *degree* of change, you use adjectives like '심하다' (severe), '크다' (large), or '적다' (small). For example, '가격 변동이 크다' means the price fluctuates significantly. If you are talking about a schedule that remains the same, you would say '변동이 없다'. This is a very common phrase in business emails when confirming that a meeting is still on as planned.

Sentence Structure: [Subject] + [변동] + [Particle 이/가] + [Adjective/Verb].
Example: 기온 변동이 심해요.

예산안에 변동이 생기면 즉시 보고하세요. (If any changes occur in the budget proposal, report it immediately.)

In professional settings, '변동 사항' is the standard way to refer to 'updates'. If you are leading a project, you might ask, '혹시 변동 사항 있나요?' (Are there any updates/changes?). This sounds much more professional than using simpler words like '바뀐 것'. It implies you are looking for any movement or shift in the current status quo.

금리 변동에 따라 대출 이자가 달라집니다. (Loan interest varies depending on interest rate fluctuations.)

Compound Words: 변동성 (Volatility), 변동 금리 (Floating interest rate), 변동 폭 (Range of fluctuation).

시장의 변동성을 예측하기 어렵습니다. (It is difficult to predict the volatility of the market.)

주소 변동이 있으면 신고해야 합니다. (If there is a change in address, you must report it.)

You will encounter 변동 most frequently in the news, particularly during the economic and weather segments. News anchors often use it to describe the stock market, currency exchange rates, and oil prices. For example, '유가 변동' (oil price fluctuation) is a common headline when global oil prices are unstable. It conveys a sense of dynamic movement that affects the entire economy.

Economic News: Used to describe '변동성' (volatility) in stocks, crypto, and real estate prices.

오늘 코스피 지수는 큰 변동 없이 마감했습니다. (Today's KOSPI index closed without much fluctuation.)

In transportation hubs like airports or train stations, '변동' is used in announcements regarding delays or gate changes. If a flight is delayed due to weather, the announcement might say, '기상 악화로 인해 출발 시간에 변동이 생겼습니다' (There has been a change in departure time due to deteriorating weather conditions). This formal usage helps maintain a professional and clear tone during travel disruptions.

Public Announcements: Used for schedule changes, platform shifts, or cancellations in public transport.

열차 운행 변동 안내를 확인해 주시기 바랍니다. (Please check the notice for changes in train operations.)

In the workplace, managers use '변동' during briefings to discuss resource allocation or personnel changes. If a team member is moved to another department, it's a '인사 변동' (personnel change). If the budget for a project is cut or increased, it's a '예산 변동'. It is a neutral, professional way to discuss organizational shifts without sounding overly dramatic or personal.

Office/Business: Used for personnel shifts, budget adjustments, and project timeline updates.

다음 주 인사 변동이 있을 예정입니다. (There will be personnel changes next week.)

회의 장소에 변동이 생겼습니다. (There has been a change in the meeting location.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 변동 with 변화 (Byeonhwa). While both mean 'change', they are used in different contexts. '변화' is a broad term for any kind of transformation, such as '기후 변화' (climate change) or '심경의 변화' (change of heart). '변동', however, is specific to fluctuations in data, numbers, or formal statuses. You wouldn't say '심경의 변동' to mean a change of heart; that would sound like your heart is a stock market index!

변동 vs. 변화: 변동: Fluctuation, data-driven, formal (e.g., prices, schedules).
변화: General change, transformation (e.g., seasons, personality, climate).

[Wrong] 계절의 변동이 아름다워요.
[Right] 계절의 변화가 아름다워요. (The change of seasons is beautiful.)

Another common confusion is between 변동 and 변경 (Byeongyeong). '변경' implies an intentional, human-made change to a plan, setting, or document. For example, '예약 변경' (changing a reservation) or '설정 변경' (changing settings). '변동' is often used for changes that happen due to external factors or natural fluctuations. If you change your password, it's '변경'. If the value of your currency drops, it's '변동'.

변동 vs. 변경: 변동: Fluctuation, often involuntary or data-based.
변경: Intentional alteration, modification (e.g., settings, plans).

[Wrong] 비밀번호를 변동했습니다.
[Right] 비밀번호를 변경했습니다. (I changed my password.)

Lastly, be careful with the particle usage. While '변동하다' is a verb, it is much more common to use '변동이 있다' or '변동되다'. Using '변동하다' in a sentence like '가격이 변동해요' is grammatically correct but sounds slightly less natural than '가격 변동이 심해요' or '가격이 변동되었습니다'.

인원 변동이 생기면 알려주세요. (Please let me know if there are any changes in the number of people.)

Common Collocation Error: Don't use '변동' for physical movement of objects (like moving a chair). Use '이동' (Idong) instead.

[Wrong] 의자의 변동.
[Right] 의자의 이동. (Moving the chair.)

Understanding the nuances between 변동 and its synonyms will elevate your Korean to a professional level. While they all relate to 'change', their specific applications are distinct.

변화 (Byeonhwa) vs 변동 (Byeondong): 변화 is the most general term. It refers to a change in quality, state, or form (e.g., '얼음이 물로 변화하다'). 변동 is specific to numerical or situational fluctuations (e.g., '가격 변동').
변경 (Byeongyeong) vs 변동 (Byeondong): 변경 is intentional and proactive (e.g., '계획 변경'). 변동 is often reactive or descriptive of a state (e.g., '환율 변동').
변천 (Byeoncheon) vs 변동 (Byeondong): 변천 refers to a gradual change over a long period of history or time (e.g., '시대의 변천'). 변동 is for short-term or immediate shifts.

시대의 변천에 따라 언어도 변합니다. (Language also changes according to the transition of the times.)

In technical contexts, you might also hear 변환 (Byeonhwan), which means 'conversion' or 'transformation' from one format to another, like converting a file or energy. This is very different from '변동', which doesn't imply a change in format, but rather a change in value or status.

Summary Table: - 변동: Fluctuation (Prices, Weather, Schedules)
- 변화: Transformation (General, Nature)
- 변경: Modification (Plans, Settings)
- 변천: Historical Transition (History, Culture)

에너지 변환 효율을 높여야 합니다. (We need to increase the efficiency of energy conversion.)

심경의 변화가 생겨서 여행을 취소했어요. (I had a change of heart, so I canceled the trip.)

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

-에 따라 (According to)

-아/어서 (Reason)

-게 되다 (To end up/become)

-는지 확인하다 (Check if)

Passive voice -되다

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Exemples par niveau

가격 변동이 있어요.

There is a price change.

Noun + 이/가 + 있다

시간 변동이 없어요.

There is no time change.

Noun + 이/가 + 없다

오늘 기온 변동이 커요.

Today's temperature fluctuation is large.

Adjective '크다' used with '변동'

기차 시간이 변동되었어요.

The train time has been changed.

Passive verb '변동되다'

변동 사항이 있나요?

Are there any changes?

Formal question form

이름 변동은 안 돼요.

Name changes are not allowed.

Topic marker '은/는'

숫자 변동을 보세요.

Look at the number changes.

Object marker '을/를'

계획에 변동이 생겼어요.

A change occurred in the plan.

Verb '생기다' (to occur)

환율 변동이 심해서 걱정이에요.

I'm worried because the exchange rate fluctuation is severe.

-아/어서 (reason)

예약 변동 사항을 확인하세요.

Please check the reservation changes.

Imperative -세요

날씨 변동이 심하니 우산을 챙기세요.

The weather changes a lot, so take an umbrella.

Reason -니까

버스 노선에 변동이 생겼습니다.

There has been a change in the bus route.

Formal -습니다

가격 변동 폭이 좁아요.

The range of price fluctuation is narrow.

Compound '변동 폭'

수업 시간에 변동이 있을까요?

Will there be a change in class time?

Future conjecture -을까요

인원 변동이 있으면 미리 말해줘.

If there's a change in the number of people, tell me in advance.

Conditional -면

주소 변동 신고를 하러 왔어요.

I came to report a change of address.

Purpose -(으)러 오다

최근 주가 변동이 매우 불안정합니다.

Recently, stock price fluctuations have been very unstable.

Adverb '매우'

물가 변동에 따라 소비가 줄었습니다.

Consumption has decreased according to price fluctuations.

-에 따라 (according to)

회의 일정에 약간의 변동이 생겼습니다.

There has been a slight change in the meeting schedule.

Modifier '약간의'

기온 변동이 심할 때는 감기를 조심해야 해요.

When temperature fluctuations are severe, you should be careful of colds.

Time -을 때

인사 변동 소식을 들으셨나요?

Did you hear the news about the personnel changes?

Honorific -시-

시장 변동성을 예측하기는 쉽지 않습니다.

It is not easy to predict market volatility.

Noun form -기

계약 내용에 변동 사항이 없는지 확인해 보세요.

Please check if there are any changes in the contract details.

-는지 확인하다

급격한 변동은 경제에 해롭습니다.

Sudden fluctuations are harmful to the economy.

Adjective '급격하다'

환율 변동 보험은 기업에 필수적입니다.

Exchange rate fluctuation insurance is essential for companies.

Formal '필수적'

이번 분기에는 실적 변동이 거의 없었습니다.

There was almost no fluctuation in performance this quarter.

Adverb '거의'

정치적 변동이 시장에 큰 영향을 미칩니다.

Political shifts have a big impact on the market.

Expression '영향을 미치다'

심경의 변동보다는 상황의 변동이 컸습니다.

The situational changes were greater than the change of heart.

Comparison -보다

인구 변동 추이를 분석하는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to analyze the trend of population fluctuations.

Noun phrase -는 것

예산 변동 폭을 최소화해야 합니다.

We must minimize the range of budget fluctuation.

Must -아/어야 하다

신변에 변동이 생기면 즉시 연락 바랍니다.

Please contact us immediately if there is a change in your status.

Formal request '바랍니다'

변동 금리 상품을 선택하는 것이 유리할까요?

Would it be advantageous to choose a floating interest rate product?

Future conjecture -을까요

거시경제 지표의 변동은 정책 결정에 결정적입니다.

Fluctuations in macroeconomic indicators are decisive for policy decisions.

Sino-Korean '결정적'

자산 가치의 변동성을 관리하는 능력이 필요합니다.

The ability to manage the volatility of asset values is necessary.

Noun phrase -는 능력

기후 변동이 생태계에 미치는 파급 효과를 조사했습니다.

We investigated the ripple effects of climate fluctuations on the ecosystem.

Expression '파급 효과'

법률의 변동은 사회적 혼란을 야기할 수 있습니다.

Changes in laws can cause social confusion.

Potential -을 수 있다

수요와 공급의 변동에 의해 가격이 결정됩니다.

Prices are determined by fluctuations in supply and demand.

Passive '결정되다'

조직의 변동이 직원들의 사기에 영향을 주었습니다.

The organizational changes affected the morale of the employees.

Past tense -었다

역사적 변동의 소용돌이 속에서 살아남았습니다.

They survived in the whirlpool of historical changes.

Metaphor '소용돌이'

데이터의 미세한 변동조차 놓치지 말아야 합니다.

We must not miss even the slightest fluctuations in the data.

Even -조차

지정학적 리스크로 인한 유가 변동성이 극에 달했습니다.

Oil price volatility due to geopolitical risks has reached its peak.

Expression '극에 달하다'

통화 가치의 변동은 국가 경쟁력과 직결됩니다.

Fluctuations in currency value are directly linked to national competitiveness.

Verb '직결되다'

패러다임의 변동은 새로운 시대의 서막을 알립니다.

The shift in paradigm announces the beginning of a new era.

Expression '서막을 알리다'

시장 변동성에 기민하게 대응하는 전략이 요구됩니다.

A strategy to respond nimbly to market volatility is required.

Adverb '기민하게'

권리 관계의 변동을 공시하는 절차가 복잡합니다.

The procedure for disclosing changes in rights relationships is complex.

Legal term '공시하다'

인구 구조의 변동은 국가 존립의 문제입니다.

Changes in population structure are a matter of national existence.

Expression '존립의 문제'

기술적 변동의 속도가 예상을 뛰어넘고 있습니다.

The speed of technological change is exceeding expectations.

Expression '예상을 뛰어넘다'

심리적 변동이 의사 결정에 미치는 기제를 분석했습니다.

We analyzed the mechanism by which psychological fluctuations affect decision-making.

Technical term '기제'

Synonymes

변화 변천 등락 동요 추이

Antonymes

고정 안정 불변

Collocations courantes

변동이 심하다

변동이 없다

변동이 생기다

변동을 주다

변동 사항

가격 변동

환율 변동

인사 변동

기온 변동

주가 변동

Phrases Courantes

변동 사항이 있나요?

일정에 변동이 생겼습니다.

가격 변동이 큽니다.

변동 금리로 대출받다.

인원 변동을 확인하다.

신변 변동이 생기다.

주소 변동 신고.

변동성 지수.

큰 변동 없이.

변동 폭이 좁다.

Souvent confondu avec

변동 vs 변화 (General change)

변동 vs 변경 (Intentional modification)

변동 vs 이동 (Physical movement)

Expressions idiomatiques

"변동의 소용돌이 (Whirlpool of change)"

"천지 변동 (Heaven and earth changing - massive change)"

"물가 변동의 파도 (Waves of price fluctuation)"

"변동의 바람 (Wind of change)"

"변동의 기로 (Crossroads of change)"

"예측 불허의 변동 (Unpredictable fluctuation)"

"심한 기복과 변동 (Severe ups, downs, and fluctuations)"

"시대적 변동 (Changes of the times)"

"급격한 변동의 시대 (Era of rapid fluctuation)"

"변동의 여지가 없다 (No room for change)"

Facile à confondre

변동 vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

nuance

It sounds more objective and data-oriented than '변화'.

caution

Do not use '변동' for personal growth or physical movement of objects.

Erreurs courantes

Using '변동' for moving furniture (Use '이동').
Using '변동' for changing a password (Use '변경').
Using '변동' for a change of seasons (Use '변화').
Saying '기분이 변동해요' (Use '기분이 변해요' or '기복이 심해요').
Confusing '변동' with '반동' (recoil/reaction).

Astuces

Think Graphs

Whenever you see a line graph going up and down, think of the word '변동'.

Passive Voice

Use '변동되다' when talking about schedules that were changed by someone else.

Email Etiquette

Use '변동 사항' in emails to sound professional when updating colleagues.

News Keywords

Listen for '변동' during the economic section of Korean news.

Natural Phrasing

Instead of '바뀌었어요', try saying '변동이 생겼어요' in formal settings.

Data Description

Use '변동 폭' to describe the range of change in your essays.

Global Issues

Use '변동' when discussing global oil prices or exchange rates.

Vs. 변화

Remember: 변화 is for 'what' changed, 변동 is for 'how much' it fluctuated.

Hanja Help

Dong (動) means move. A change that moves is a '변동'.

Social Status

In Korea, reporting '신변 변동' is a common administrative task.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

變 (Change) + 動 (Move)

Contexte culturel

Address or job changes ('신변 변동') must be reported to authorities quickly.

Korea's economy is export-reliant, making '환율 변동' a major national concern.

Always check for '변동 사항' before a meeting in Korea.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"요즘 물가 변동이 너무 심하지 않나요?"

"혹시 회의 일정에 변동 사항이 생겼나요?"

"이번 주 날씨 변동이 정말 크네요."

"환율 변동 때문에 해외 여행이 걱정돼요."

"주식 시장의 변동성을 어떻게 생각하세요?"

Sujets d'écriture

오늘 내 기분의 변동에 대해 써보세요.

최근에 계획이 변동되었던 경험을 적어보세요.

한국어 공부 계획에 어떤 변동이 있었나요?

물가 변동이 내 생활에 미치는 영향은?

내가 사는 지역의 인구 변동에 대해 조사해 보세요.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, '심경의 변화' is correct. '변동' sounds like your heart is a fluctuating data point, which is unnatural.

변경 is when you intentionally change something (like a password). 변동 is when something fluctuates (like prices).

Not necessarily, but it often implies instability, which can be seen as a risk in business or economics.

You can say '변동 사항 없습니다' or '변동이 없습니다'.

Yes, '기온 변동' (temperature fluctuation) or '기상 변동' is very common.

It means a 'floating interest rate' that changes according to market conditions.

It is used, but '변동되다' or '변동이 있다' is much more common in daily speech.

It refers to changes in one's personal status, such as marriage, moving, or job changes, usually in legal documents.

It's better to use '변경' if you changed it on purpose, or '변화' if the taste changed naturally.

Yes, it is very common in news, business, and formal announcements.

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