외재적이다 en 30 secondes
- 외재적이다 means 'extrinsic' or 'external' in nature, usually referring to abstract concepts like motivation or value.
- It is the direct opposite of 내재적이다 (intrinsic) and is very common in academic writing.
- The word is formed from Hanja: 外 (outside) + 在 (exist) + 的 (nature) + 이다 (to be).
- It is mostly used as '외재적인' (adjective) or '외재적으로' (adverb) in formal Korean contexts.
The Korean word 외재적이다 (oe-jae-jeok-i-da) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used in academic, psychological, and philosophical contexts. At its core, it describes something that originates from the outside or is not an inherent, natural part of an entity's internal essence. When you break down the word using its Hanja roots, you find 外 (외 - outside), 在 (재 - to exist/be), and 的 (적 - suffix for 'nature of'), followed by the copula 이다 (to be). Together, they literally mean 'to be of an externally existing nature.' This word is most frequently encountered when discussing motivation, value systems, or legal and economic factors that influence a person or a system from the periphery rather than from within.
- Psychological Context
- In psychology, it specifically refers to extrinsic motivation (외재적 동기). This is the drive to perform an action to earn a reward or avoid punishment, such as studying specifically for a high grade rather than for the love of learning.
- Philosophical Context
- In philosophy, it describes qualities that are not essential to the definition of a thing. If a property is extrinsic, the object could theoretically exist without it and still be the same type of object.
그의 성공은 내면의 노력보다는 외재적인 환경 덕분이었다. (His success was due to external circumstances rather than internal effort.)
Understanding this word is crucial for anyone engaging with Korean non-fiction, news, or higher education. It contrasts sharply with 내재적이다 (intrinsic). While '내재적' focuses on the heart of the matter, '외재적' looks at the scaffolding, the pressure, or the benefits provided by the world around the subject. For example, in a corporate setting, a salary increase is an extrinsic motivator, whereas a sense of accomplishment is intrinsic. In legal terms, an extrinsic factor might be a change in national policy that affects a local contract. Using this word correctly signals a high level of Korean proficiency, as it moves beyond simple words like '밖' (outside) or '외부' (external) into the realm of abstract characteristics and states of being.
학교의 규율은 학생들에게 외재적 압박으로 작용한다. (School rules act as an extrinsic pressure on students.)
- Economic Context
- Economists might use this to describe externalities or factors outside a specific market model that nonetheless impact prices or supply chains.
물가 상승은 기업의 내부 문제라기보다 외재적인 경제 위기에서 비롯되었다. (The rise in prices originated from an extrinsic economic crisis rather than the company's internal issues.)
진정한 행복은 외재적 보상에서 오는 것이 아니다. (True happiness does not come from extrinsic rewards.)
그 현상은 외재적이다. (That phenomenon is extrinsic.)
Using 외재적이다 correctly requires an understanding of how it fits into formal Korean syntax. Since it is an adjective ending in '-이다', it behaves like a predicate in its base form. However, in conversation and writing, you will rarely see it in its dictionary form. Instead, you'll see it conjugated based on the level of formality and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. In academic writing, the form 외재적이다 or 외재적이다라고 할 수 있다 is common. In a presentation, you might say 외재적입니다. In a more casual but still serious discussion among colleagues, 외재적이에요 is appropriate.
- As a Noun Modifier
- When you want to describe a noun, you use the form 외재적인. This is the most common way to use the word. For example: 외재적인 동기 (extrinsic motivation), 외재적인 요인 (extrinsic factor), 외재적인 가치 (extrinsic value). This structure allows you to pinpoint the exact external influence you are discussing.
우리는 외재적인 보상에만 집착해서는 안 됩니다. (We should not obsess only over extrinsic rewards.)
- As an Adverbial Phrase
- To describe an action being influenced from the outside, you use 외재적으로. For example: 외재적으로 결정되다 (to be determined extrinsically). This is useful when discussing how systems or behaviors are shaped by forces beyond their control.
그 문제의 해결책은 외재적으로 주어질 수밖에 없었다. (The solution to that problem had to be given extrinsically.)
The word is often paired with particles like -보다 (rather than) or -와/과 (with) to create comparisons. A very common pattern is contrasting 외재적 with 내재적. For instance, 외재적인 요인보다는 내재적인 요인이 중요하다 (Intrinsic factors are more important than extrinsic ones). This sentence structure is a staple of Korean argumentative essays and academic critiques. Another important note is that because this word is so formal, it is rarely used in 'Banmal' (informal speech) unless you are joking or being intentionally overly-academic. If you were to say 그건 외재적이야 to a close friend, it would sound like you are quoting a textbook.
그 회사의 성공 비결은 외재적인 투자보다는 탄탄한 기술력이었다. (The secret to that company's success was solid technology rather than extrinsic investment.)
이것은 단순한 내부 갈등이 아니라 외재적이다. (This is not a simple internal conflict; it is extrinsic.)
- Complex Sentence Structures
- You can combine it with the '-ㅁ/음' nominalizer to say 외재적임 (the state of being extrinsic) in bulleted lists or reports.
해당 요인이 외재적임을 증명해야 합니다. (You must prove that the relevant factor is extrinsic.)
If you are walking down the streets of Seoul or watching a romantic comedy, you might not hear 외재적이다 very often. This word lives in specific environments. The most common place is a university campus. In classrooms—especially those dedicated to the social sciences, education, or business—professors use this word to categorize data and theories. For example, a professor of education might lecture on why 외재적 보상 (extrinsic rewards) like stickers or candy can sometimes hinder a child's natural curiosity. You will also hear it in news broadcasts that analyze economic trends, where journalists discuss 외재적 변수 (extrinsic variables) like global oil prices or international trade wars that affect the domestic market.
- Corporate Meetings
- In high-level corporate strategy meetings, managers might discuss whether a team's lack of productivity is due to internal morale or '외재적 요인' (extrinsic factors) like a competitor's aggressive marketing.
이번 분기의 실적 하락은 외재적인 리스크 때문입니다. (This quarter's performance drop is due to extrinsic risks.)
Another common venue is in self-help seminars or 'Healing' programs that are popular in Korea. Speakers often talk about finding '내재적 동기' (intrinsic motivation) and letting go of '외재적 기준' (extrinsic standards) set by society. Since Korean culture places a heavy emphasis on social standing and external validation (like the brand of your car or the prestige of your university), the word 외재적 is often used in a slightly critical light to describe these societal pressures. You'll find it in essays, editorials, and documentaries that explore the mental health of students and workers. It's a word that helps Koreans articulate the difference between what they want for themselves and what the world demands of them.
사회적 지위는 외재적인 가치에 불과합니다. (Social status is nothing more than an extrinsic value.)
- Legal and Formal Documents
- Legal contracts or court rulings might use this term to describe evidence or influences that come from outside the core of the case or the specific document being interpreted.
Finally, you will see this word in literature—specifically in modern novels that deal with psychological depth. An author might describe a character's struggle to differentiate their own desires from 외재적 압박. If you are preparing for the TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean) level 5 or 6, this word is a must-know. It frequently appears in the reading and listening sections, often as a key term in a passage about social psychology or economics. If you can identify it, you can often unlock the entire meaning of a complex paragraph.
The most common mistake learners make with 외재적이다 is confusing it with more basic terms like 외부적이다 (external) or 외면적이다 (outward). While they all share the '외' (outside) root, their nuances are distinct. 외부적 is usually physical or spatial. If a package is sitting outside your door, it's 외부. If a company is looking for talent outside its own staff, that's 외부 인사. 외재적, however, is about the nature or origin of a quality. You wouldn't say a package is '외재적' because a package isn't an abstract quality or motivation.
- Mistake 1: Using it for physical locations
- Wrong: 외재적인 정원 (An extrinsic garden). Correct: 외부 정원 (An outside garden). '외재적' is for abstract concepts like values, motivations, and factors.
Incorrect: 그는 외재적으로 생겼다. (He looks extrinsic.) Correct: 그는 외면적으로는 차가워 보인다. (He looks cold on the outside.)
Another mistake is failing to conjugate it correctly when modifying a noun. Many students might say 외재적 동기, which is actually acceptable in many contexts because the '이다' is often dropped in compound nouns, but in formal writing, 외재적인 동기 is the grammatically complete form. Forgetting the 'ㄴ' (n) at the end of '외재적인' can make your sentence sound unfinished or like you're using a dictionary entry rather than speaking naturally. Also, be careful not to confuse it with 외향적이다 (extroverted). While both start with '외', one is about personality types (extroversion), and the other is about the source of qualities (extrinsic nature).
- Mistake 2: Confusing with '외향적'
- '외향적' (extroverted) is for people who are social. '외재적' is for factors that come from outside. You cannot be an '외재적인 사람' unless you mean a person who is entirely defined by external influences, which is a very rare and poetic usage.
Finally, learners sometimes use 외재적 when they should use 타율적 (heteronomous/controlled by others). If you are doing something because someone forced you, 타율적 is more precise. 외재적 is better suited for discussing the reward system itself. For example, 'I am working for money' is 외재적 동기. 'I am working because my boss is watching me' is 타율적 행동. Understanding these fine lines will prevent you from sounding like you're just picking words out of a thesaurus without knowing their soul.
When you want to convey the idea of 'external' or 'extrinsic' in Korean, 외재적이다 is your most academic option, but there are several alternatives depending on the register and context. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right situation. The most direct antonym, as mentioned before, is 내재적이다 (intrinsic). In many essays, these two are used as a pair to divide a topic into internal and external components. If you find 외재적이다 too heavy, you might consider 외부적이다 (external).
- 외부적이다 vs 외재적이다
- 외부적이다: Refers to something physically outside or belonging to a different group. (e.g., 외부적인 압력 - external pressure from another company).
외재적이다: Refers to the origin of a property or value. (e.g., 외재적인 보상 - rewards that come from outside the self).
그들은 외부적 환경에 민감하다. (They are sensitive to the external environment.)
- 타율적이다 (Heteronomous)
- This word is often used in ethics and psychology. It means being governed by others or by external laws, rather than one's own will. If you want to emphasize that someone lacks autonomy, 타율적이다 is a stronger choice than 외재적이다.
For a more common, everyday way to say 'from the outside,' you can use the phrase 밖에서 오는 (coming from outside). This is much more natural in casual conversation. Instead of saying 외재적인 동기, you might say 밖에서 주어지는 보상 (rewards given from the outside). Another synonym is 부수적이다 (incidental/subsidiary). While not a perfect match, things that are extrinsic are often also incidental to the core purpose. For example, 'Extrinsic benefits' could sometimes be described as '부수적인 혜택'.
이것은 부수적인 문제일 뿐이다. (This is just an incidental/extrinsic problem.)
- 객관적이다 (Objective)
- In some philosophical contexts, what is extrinsic is also objective (existing outside the subject's mind). However, 객관적 focuses on neutrality and facts, while 외재적 focuses on the source of existence.
Exemples par niveau
이것은 외재적인 이유입니다.
This is an extrinsic reason.
외재적인 is the adjective form of 외재적이다.
외재적 보상이 있어요.
There is an extrinsic reward.
보상 means reward.
그것은 외재적이에요.
That is extrinsic.
이에요 is the polite ending for 이다.
외재적 동기가 필요해요.
I need extrinsic motivation.
필요해요 means 'to be needed'.
외재적인 것보다 내재적인 것이 좋아요.
Intrinsic things are better than extrinsic things.
-보다 means 'than'.
외재적 압력이 있어요.
There is extrinsic pressure.
압력 means pressure.
선생님은 외재적 보상을 줘요.
The teacher gives an extrinsic reward.
줘요 is the polite form of 'to give'.
외재적 가치는 무엇인가요?
What is extrinsic value?
무엇인가요 is a polite way to ask 'what is it?'
외재적인 요인 때문에 계획이 바뀌었어요.
The plan changed because of extrinsic factors.
때문에 means 'because of'.
아이들은 외재적인 칭찬을 좋아해요.
Children like extrinsic praise.
칭찬 means praise.
그 문제는 외재적이라고 생각해요.
I think that problem is extrinsic.
-라고 생각해요 means 'I think that...'.
외재적인 보상은 오래가지 않아요.
Extrinsic rewards don't last long.
오래가지 않아요 means 'does not last long'.
그는 외재적인 성공을 원해요.
He wants extrinsic success.
원해요 means 'to want'.
외재적 동기로 공부하면 힘들어요.
It's hard if you study with extrinsic motivation.
-면 means 'if'.
외재적인 조건이 중요합니까?
Are extrinsic conditions important?
중요합니까 is the formal question form of 'to be important'.
외재적인 압박을 느끼고 있어요.
I am feeling extrinsic pressure.
-고 있어요 indicates present progressive.
교육학에서 외재적 동기는 중요한 주제입니다.
Extrinsic motivation is an important topic in pedagogy.
교육학 means pedagogy/education studies.
외재적인 가치보다 내면의 평화가 더 중요해요.
Inner peace is more important than extrinsic values.
내면 means 'inner' or 'inside'.
회사는 직원들에게 외재적인 인센티브를 제공합니다.
The company provides extrinsic incentives to employees.
제공합니다 means 'to provide'.
외재적인 요인이 결과에 큰 영향을 미쳤습니다.
Extrinsic factors had a big impact on the results.
영향을 미치다 means 'to influence/impact'.
사람들은 종종 외재적인 기준에 자신을 맞춥니다.
People often fit themselves to extrinsic standards.
맞춥니다 means 'to adjust' or 'to fit'.
외재적으로 결정된 목표는 달성하기 어렵습니다.
Goals determined extrinsically are difficult to achieve.
달성하기 어렵다 means 'difficult to achieve'.
우리는 외재적인 아름다움에 너무 집착합니다.
We obsess too much over extrinsic beauty.
집착하다 means 'to be obsessed'.
외재적이다라는 말은 밖에서 왔다는 뜻이에요.
The word 'extrinsic' means it came from outside.
-라는 말은 ... 뜻이에요 means 'The word ... means ...'.
자기결정성 이론에 따르면 외재적 동기는 자율성을 저해할 수 있다.
According to self-determination theory, extrinsic motivation can hinder autonomy.
-에 따르면 means 'according to'.
현대 사회는 개인에게 끊임없이 외재적인 성공을 강요한다.
Modern society constantly forces extrinsic success upon individuals.
강요하다 means 'to force/coerce'.
그 소설은 주인공이 외재적인 압박에서 벗어나는 과정을 그린다.
The novel depicts the process of the protagonist escaping from extrinsic pressure.
벗어나다 means 'to escape/break free'.
외재적인 보상이 사라지면 흥미도 급격히 떨어질 위험이 있다.
If extrinsic rewards disappear, there is a risk that interest will also drop sharply.
급격히 means 'sharply' or 'drastically'.
이러한 현상은 단순히 내적인 문제가 아니라 외재적인 환경의 산물이다.
This phenomenon is not simply an internal problem but a product of the extrinsic environment.
산물 means 'product' or 'result'.
학습자가 외재적인 목표에만 치중할 경우 진정한 배움이 일어나기 어렵다.
If a learner focuses only on extrinsic goals, true learning is unlikely to occur.
치중하다 means 'to focus heavily on'.
외재적으로 부여된 가치는 개인의 정체성을 형성하는 데 한계가 있다.
Values granted extrinsically have limits in forming an individual's identity.
부여되다 means 'to be granted/given'.
연구 결과, 외재적인 요인이 행복에 미치는 영향은 일시적이었다.
Research results showed that the impact of extrinsic factors on happiness was temporary.
일시적이다 means 'to be temporary'.
칸트의 윤리학에서 외재적인 명령은 도덕적 가치를 지니지 못한다.
In Kantian ethics, extrinsic commands do not possess moral value.
지니지 못하다 means 'cannot possess'.
법률의 해석은 내재적인 논리뿐만 아니라 외재적인 사회적 맥락도 고려해야 한다.
The interpretation of law must consider not only internal logic but also the extrinsic social context.
맥락 means 'context'.
예술 작품의 가치는 외재적인 가격보다는 내재적인 미학적 완성도에 있다.
The value of a work of art lies in its intrinsic aesthetic perfection rather than its extrinsic price.
완성도 means 'degree of completion/perfection'.
그 학자는 문화적 행위가 외재적인 필요에 의해 구조화된다고 주장했다.
The scholar argued that cultural acts are structured by extrinsic needs.
구조화되다 means 'to be structured'.
외재적인 변수를 통제하지 못한 실험은 신뢰성을 확보하기 어렵다.
An experiment that fails to control extrinsic variables is difficult to secure reliability for.
통제하다 means 'to control'.
종교적 신념이 외재적인 보상을 바라고 이루어질 때 그것은 기복 신앙으로 흐르기 쉽다.
When religious beliefs are practiced in hope of extrinsic rewards, they easily drift into 'fortune-seeking' faith.
기복 신앙 refers to faith focused on material blessings.
정보의 외재적 특징보다는 그 내용의 진실성이 더 중요하다.
The truthfulness of the content is more important than the extrinsic characteristics of the information.
진실성 means 'truthfulness/sincerity'.
심리학자들은 외재적 동기가 어떻게 내재적 동기를 부식시키는지 연구해 왔다.
Psychologists have been studying how extrinsic motivation corrodes intrinsic motivation.
부식시키다 means 'to corrode' or 'to erode'.
실재론적 관점에서 사물의 속성은 외재적인 관계에 의해 정의되지 않는다.
From a realist perspective, the properties of an object are not defined by extrinsic relations.
실재론적 관점 means 'realist perspective'.
언어의 의미는 외재적인 지시 대상과의 관계 속에서 파악되어야 한다.
The meaning of language must be understood within its relationship to extrinsic referents.
지시 대상 refers to a 'referent' in linguistics.
그 논문은 자본주의 체제 하에서 인간의 소외가 외재적인 노동 조건에서 기인함을 논증한다.
The thesis argues that human alienation under the capitalist system stems from extrinsic labor conditions.
기인하다 means 'to originate from' or 'to be caused by'.
형이상학적으로 볼 때, 외재적인 우연성은 필연적인 본질을 가릴 수 있다.
Metaphysically speaking, extrinsic contingency can obscure necessary essence.
우연성 means 'contingency' and 필연성 means 'necessity'.
문학 비평에서 외재적 접근법은 작가의 생애나 시대 배경을 중시한다.
In literary criticism, the extrinsic approach emphasizes the author's life or the background of the era.
접근법 means 'approach'.
디지털 시대의 자아는 외재적인 데이터 파편들로 재구성되는 경향이 있다.
The self in the digital age tends to be reconstructed from extrinsic fragments of data.
재구성되다 means 'to be reconstructed'.
정치적 정당성은 외재적인 권력의 강제력이 아닌 시민의 동의에서 나와야 한다.
Political legitimacy should come from the consent of citizens, not from the coercive force of extrinsic power.
강제력 means 'coercive force'.
과학적 객관성은 외재적인 편견을 배제함으로써 달성될 수 있다.
Scientific objectivity can be achieved by excluding extrinsic biases.
배제하다 means 'to exclude'.
Summary
The word '외재적이다' is your go-to term for describing anything that comes from the outside rather than from within. Whether you are talking about 'extrinsic motivation' (외재적 동기) or 'external factors' (외재적 요인), this word adds a level of professional precision to your Korean. Example: '외재적인 보상보다 내면의 즐거움이 중요하다' (Inner joy is more important than extrinsic rewards).
- 외재적이다 means 'extrinsic' or 'external' in nature, usually referring to abstract concepts like motivation or value.
- It is the direct opposite of 내재적이다 (intrinsic) and is very common in academic writing.
- The word is formed from Hanja: 外 (outside) + 在 (exist) + 的 (nature) + 이다 (to be).
- It is mostly used as '외재적인' (adjective) or '외재적으로' (adverb) in formal Korean contexts.
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몇몇
A2Quelques; un petit nombre de.
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A1J'ai mangé un peu de pain. (조금의 빵을 먹었어요.)
적게
A1Peu, en petite quantité. Utilisé pour décrire une action faite modérément.
약간
A2Un peu; légèrement. Utilisé pour décrire une petite quantité ou un faible degré.
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A1Beaucoup / Très. 'J'ai beaucoup mangé' (많이 먹었어요). 'Il pleut beaucoup' (비가 많이 와요).
잠시
A2Un court instant ; brièvement. 'Attendez un instant, s'il vous plaît.' (잠시만 기다려 주세요.) 'Je serai de retour dans un instant.' (잠시 후에 돌아오겠습니다.)
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2Il y a peu de temps, tout à l'heure. Je l'ai vu tout à l'heure au supermarché.
대해
A2Signifie 'à propos de' ou 'concernant'. Utilisé pour introduire le sujet d'une discussion ou d'une pensée.
~에 대해서
A2À propos de; concernant.
