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B1 noun #1,500 le plus courant 11 min de lecture

참고

chamgo Top 1,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 참고 en 30 secondes

Explication 참고 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to understand basic instructions and simple sentences. While '참고' is officially a B1 word, A1 learners will frequently hear it in its polite imperative form: '참고하세요' (Please refer to this). Teachers might say this when handing out a worksheet, or a Korean friend might say it when sending a link to a map or a restaurant menu. At this stage, learners do not need to produce the word actively or understand its complex grammatical variations. The goal is simply recognition. When you hear '참고하세요', you should understand that the speaker is giving you something helpful to look at. You might also see the word '참고' written at the bottom of a notice or a poster, indicating that the information below is an extra note or a helpful tip. Understanding this word helps A1 learners navigate basic daily interactions where supplementary information is provided. It is a passive vocabulary word at this level, but an essential one for surviving in a Korean-speaking environment.

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As learners progress to the A2 level, they start to form simple sentences and engage in basic daily conversations. At this stage, '참고' becomes a word they can start using in limited, highly structured ways. The most useful form for an A2 learner is the adverbial phrase '참고로' (for reference, by the way). This is a fantastic tool for adding a small piece of extra information to a conversation. For example, if you are talking about your family, you might say, '참고로, 제 동생은 학생이에요' (For reference/By the way, my younger sibling is a student). It helps A2 learners sound more natural and fluent by providing a smooth transition for additional facts. Furthermore, A2 learners should begin to recognize compound nouns like '참고서' (reference book/study guide), which is highly relevant to their own language learning journey. They might go to a bookstore and ask, '한국어 참고서 있어요?' (Do you have Korean reference books?). The focus at A2 is on these practical, everyday applications of the word.

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The B1 level is where '참고' truly belongs, and learners are expected to fully master its active usage. At this intermediate stage, learners are writing longer paragraphs, giving short presentations, and explaining their reasoning. Therefore, the verb form '참고하다' (to refer to) becomes crucial. B1 learners should be able to confidently say, '인터넷을 참고해서 숙제를 했어요' (I did my homework by referring to the internet) or '이 지도를 참고하세요' (Please refer to this map). They must understand that '참고하다' takes the object particle '을/를'. Additionally, B1 learners are introduced to the passive form '참고되다' (to be helpful as a reference), allowing them to express gratitude for information: '그 정보가 많이 참고됐어요' (That information was very helpful/served as a good reference). At this level, learners also start to differentiate '참고' from simply copying ('베끼다'), understanding the ethical and intellectual nuance of using something as a guide rather than plagiarizing it. It becomes a core tool for academic and professional expression.

At the B2 upper-intermediate level, the usage of '참고' becomes more sophisticated and nuanced. Learners are now dealing with more complex texts, professional emails, and academic discussions. They must be able to use '참고' seamlessly in formal writing. Phrases like '첨부 파일을 참고하시기 바랍니다' (Please refer to the attached file) become standard in their email repertoire. B2 learners also need to understand the distinction between '참고' (gathering information) and '참조' (cross-checking/comparing), as this distinction is vital in business and formal contexts. They will frequently encounter and use terms like '참고 문헌' (bibliography) when writing essays or reports. Furthermore, they can use '참고' to politely soften advice or suggestions in a professional setting, understanding that offering something as a '참고 자료' (reference material) is less aggressive than telling someone what to do. The focus is on precision, register (formality), and understanding the subtle implications of the word in various professional and academic scenarios.

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At the C1 advanced level, learners possess near-native fluency and can handle highly abstract, academic, and professional discourse. Their use of '참고' is effortless and highly precise. They can engage in complex debates about the validity of '참고 자료' (reference materials) and discuss the methodology of how certain sources were '참고' (referred to) in a research paper. C1 learners understand the legal and formal implications of words like '참고인' (a reference person or witness in an investigation who is not a suspect). They can seamlessly integrate '참고로' into complex, multi-clause sentences to provide nuanced background information without disrupting the flow of their argument. At this level, the challenge is not understanding the word, but using it with the exact stylistic flair and contextual appropriateness of an educated native speaker. They recognize when '참고' is used euphemistically (e.g., a boss saying '참고만 하세요' but actually meaning 'you should probably follow this') and can navigate these complex social dynamics.

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At the C2 mastery level, the learner's understanding of '참고' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native Korean speaker. They not only use the word perfectly in all its grammatical forms and collocations but also understand its etymological roots (Hanja: 參考) and how those roots connect to other vocabulary. C2 learners can write academic dissertations, legal briefs, or high-level corporate strategies where the precise citation and referencing (참고) of prior literature or data is critical. They can critically analyze texts, pointing out where a writer's '참고' was flawed or biased. They manipulate the word for rhetorical effect, perhaps using '참고로' to deliver a subtle, understated point in a negotiation. At this ultimate level of proficiency, '참고' is a fully integrated tool in their vast linguistic arsenal, used intuitively to structure complex thoughts, acknowledge intellectual debts, and communicate with absolute precision and cultural appropriateness in any conceivable situation.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

참고 en 30 secondes

Looking at info for help
Using materials as a guide
Consulting a source
Not copying, just referring

The Korean word '참고' (cham-go) is a highly versatile and frequently used noun that translates to 'reference' or 'consultation' in English. At its core, it refers to the action of looking at something—such as a book, a document, a set of data, or even someone else's experience—for information, guidance, or to use as a basis for one's own work, decision-making, or understanding. To truly grasp the depth of '참고', it is essential to look at its Hanja (Sino-Korean) roots. The word is written as 參考 in Hanja. The first character, 參 (참), means 'to participate', 'to involve', or 'to refer'. The second character, 考 (고), means 'to think', 'to examine', or 'to consider'. When combined, these characters perfectly encapsulate the essence of the word: to involve external information in your thinking process and to examine it carefully to enhance your own understanding or output. This is not merely passively reading something; it implies an active engagement with the material to extract value that will be applied elsewhere.

Core Meaning: The fundamental act of consulting materials or information to aid in a task, study, or decision.

이 책을 참고하여 보고서를 작성했습니다.

In everyday life, you will encounter '참고' in a wide variety of contexts. For instance, when a teacher gives you a list of books to read for a project, those are '참고 도서' (reference books). When a colleague sends you an email with background information for a meeting, they might say '참고하세요' (please refer to this).

Academic Context: Used heavily in research, essays, and studies to indicate sources of information.

논문 마지막에 참고 문헌을 반드시 적어야 합니다.

Furthermore, '참고' is often used to soften statements or provide non-binding advice. When someone says '참고로' (for your reference), they are offering information that might be useful but is not strictly mandatory to act upon. This makes it an excellent word for polite, professional communication.

Professional Context: Employed in emails, memos, and presentations to provide supplementary data without demanding immediate action.

첨부된 파일을 참고해 주시기 바랍니다.

참고로, 내일 회의는 오전 10시입니다.

Understanding '참고' also involves recognizing its boundaries. It does not mean to copy or plagiarize. If you '참고' a design, you are inspired by it or use its principles to create your own unique design. If you simply duplicate it, that is '표절' (plagiarism) or '복사' (copying). Therefore, '참고' carries a connotation of intellectual honesty and constructive utilization of existing knowledge.

다른 사람의 아이디어를 참고할 때는 출처를 밝혀야 합니다.

In summary, '참고' is a foundational vocabulary word for anyone looking to navigate academic, professional, or even sophisticated casual environments in Korea. It embodies the concept of building upon the work of others, sharing helpful information politely, and engaging critically with the world of ideas and data around you. Mastering its nuances will significantly elevate your Korean proficiency.

Using '참고' correctly involves understanding its grammatical flexibility. As a noun, it can stand alone, but it is most frequently combined with verbs to create action phrases, or with particles to function as an adverbial phrase. The most common verb combination is '참고하다' (to refer to, to consult). This is an active verb where the subject is the one doing the referring.

Active Verb Usage: 참고하다 (cham-go-ha-da) means 'to refer to'. It takes an object marked by 을/를.

저는 요리할 때 인터넷 레시피를 많이 참고해요.

Another very common verb form is '참고되다' (to be of reference, to be helpful as a reference). This is the passive form. You use this when you want to express that a material or piece of information was useful to you, or when you hope your information will be useful to someone else.

Passive Verb Usage: 참고되다 (cham-go-dwe-da) means 'to become a reference' or 'to be helpful'.

선배님의 조언이 큰 참고가 되었습니다.

이 자료가 여러분의 연구에 참고되기를 바랍니다.

Beyond verbs, '참고' is frequently used with the particle '로' (as, by means of) to create the adverbial phrase '참고로' (for reference, by the way). This is an incredibly useful conversational tool. It allows you to inject additional information into a conversation without derailing the main topic. It is similar to saying 'Just so you know' or 'For your information' in English, but generally carries a more polite and neutral tone.

Adverbial Usage: 참고로 (cham-go-ro) means 'for reference' or 'as a side note'.

참고로, 저는 매운 음식을 잘 못 먹습니다.

You will also see '참고' used as a modifier for other nouns, creating compound nouns. Common examples include '참고 자료' (reference materials), '참고 문헌' (bibliography/references), '참고서' (reference book/study guide), and '참고인' (a reference person/witness in a legal context). In these cases, '참고' acts almost like an adjective, describing the purpose of the noun that follows it.

시험 공부를 위해 새로운 참고서를 샀어요.

When writing formal emails or notices, a very standard closing or instructional phrase is '...을/를 참고하시기 바랍니다' (Please refer to...). This is a polite, professional way to direct someone's attention to an attachment, a link, or a specific section of a document. Mastering these various structures—참고하다, 참고되다, 참고로, and compound nouns—will give you the flexibility to use this essential word in almost any situation, from casual chats with friends to highly formal academic or business writing.

The word '참고' is ubiquitous in Korean society, bridging the gap between highly formal environments and everyday casual interactions. One of the primary places you will hear and see '참고' is in the workplace. Korean business culture relies heavily on documentation, reports, and data-driven decision-making. Therefore, referring to past data, competitor analysis, or internal guidelines is a daily occurrence. In emails, memos, and presentations, '참고' is a staple.

Business and Office: Used to direct colleagues to attachments, past reports, or guidelines.

자세한 내용은 첨부된 참고 자료를 확인해 주세요.

Another major domain for '참고' is academia and education. From elementary school to university, students are constantly told to refer to textbooks, study guides (참고서), and academic papers. In university settings, writing a thesis or a research paper requires a meticulous '참고 문헌' (bibliography). Professors will often instruct students to '참고하다' specific journals or articles.

Education and Academia: Essential for research, studying, and citing sources.

이 논문은 다양한 해외 사례를 참고하여 작성되었습니다.

수학 참고서를 사러 서점에 갔어요.

You will also frequently encounter '참고' on the internet, particularly in forums, blogs, and online communities. When netizens share tips, reviews, or tutorials, they often use '참고' to indicate that their experience is just one perspective and others should use it as a guide rather than an absolute rule. For example, a beauty blogger might post a makeup tutorial and say, '제 피부 타입은 지성이니 참고해 주세요' (My skin type is oily, so please take that into consideration/reference).

Internet and Social Media: Used to share personal experiences as a helpful guide for others.

사이즈 선택 시 제 후기를 참고하세요.

Finally, '참고' is heard in daily life when people are giving directions, advice, or planning events. If you are organizing a trip with friends, you might look at a travel blog and say, '이 블로그 일정을 참고하자' (Let's refer to this blog's itinerary). It is a polite way of suggesting a resource without forcing it on the group. In all these environments, '참고' maintains its core function: bringing external information into the current context to aid understanding, decision-making, or action. Its presence in such diverse settings highlights its status as a core vocabulary item for any Korean learner.

While '참고' is a relatively straightforward word, learners often make subtle mistakes regarding its exact nuance, its collocations, and how it differs from similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. The most frequent and significant point of confusion is between '참고' (參考) and '참조' (參照). Both translate to 'reference' in English, but they are used differently in Korean. '참고' means to look at something to help your thinking or to gather information. It is broad and general. '참조', on the other hand, specifically implies comparing two or more things side-by-side to check for accuracy or differences.

참고 vs. 참조: 참고 is for gathering information/ideas. 참조 is for direct comparison or cross-checking.

아이디어를 얻기 위해 책을 참고했다. (Correct: gathered ideas)

원본과 복사본을 참조하여 틀린 부분을 찾았다. (Correct: compared side-by-side)

Another common mistake is confusing '참고' with '표절' (plagiarism) or '베끼다' (to copy). Learners sometimes use '참고하다' when they actually mean they copied something directly. '참고' implies that you digested the information and produced your own original work based on it. If you say '친구의 숙제를 참고했어요' (I referred to my friend's homework), it means you looked at it to understand how to do it, but you did the work yourself. If the teacher finds out you copied it exactly, they will say you '베꼈다', not '참고했다'.

Nuance of Originality: 참고 implies using as a guide, not copying directly.

디자인을 참고만 하고, 똑같이 만들지는 않았습니다.

Grammatically, learners sometimes struggle with the particles used with '참고하다'. Since it is a transitive verb, the material being referred to should take the object particle 을/를. However, because English speakers say 'refer TO something', they might mistakenly use the directional particle 에.

Particle Usage: Use 을/를 참고하다, not 에 참고하다.

사전을 참고하세요. (Correct)

사전에 참고하세요. (Incorrect)

Lastly, learners might overuse '참고로' (for reference). While it is a great conversational tool, using it too frequently in a single conversation can make you sound pedantic or as if you are constantly dropping unsolicited facts. It is best used sparingly to introduce genuinely helpful side notes. By paying attention to these nuances—distinguishing it from 참조 and copying, using the correct particles, and moderating the use of 참고로—you can sound much more natural and precise in your Korean communication.

To fully master '참고', it is helpful to explore its synonyms and related terms. Understanding the subtle differences between these words will allow you to choose the most precise vocabulary for any given situation. As discussed in the 'Common Mistakes' section, the most closely related word is '참조' (參照). While '참고' is about gathering information to aid your own thinking, '참조' is about comparing items to verify facts or spot differences. In many business emails, you will see '참조' used to mean 'CC' (Carbon Copy), as in '이메일 참조' (CC'd on an email), meaning the person is included so they can compare the communication with their own records or stay informed.

참조 (Reference / Comparison): Focuses on cross-checking or side-by-side comparison.

첨부된 가격표를 참조하여 비교해 보세요.

Another related concept is '바탕' (foundation, basis). When you use something as a '바탕', you are building entirely upon it. It is the core foundation of your work. '참고' is less foundational; it is supplementary. You might use a true story as the '바탕' (foundation) for a novel, but you might '참고' (refer to) historical documents to get the details right.

바탕 (Foundation / Basis): The core underlying basis of something, stronger than just a reference.

실제 사건을 바탕으로 만든 영화입니다.

'근거' (grounds, basis, evidence) is another word often used in similar contexts, especially in academic or legal arguments. A '근거' is the proof or logical basis for a claim. While you might '참고' a document to find a '근거', the document itself is the reference (참고 자료), and the specific fact inside it is the evidence (근거).

근거 (Evidence / Grounds): The logical proof or basis for an argument.

주장을 뒷받침할 명확한 근거가 필요합니다.

Finally, '인용' (quotation, citation) is the act of directly copying a specific phrase or sentence from a source and giving credit. When you '참고' a book, you might summarize its ideas in your own words. When you '인용' a book, you use its exact words within quotation marks.

유명한 학자의 말을 인용했습니다.

By distinguishing '참고' from '참조' (comparing), '바탕' (foundation), '근거' (evidence), and '인용' (quoting), you develop a highly nuanced academic and professional vocabulary. This allows you to articulate exactly how you are interacting with information and sources in Korean.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Verb + 아/어서 (to show method: 참고해서 만들다)

Noun + (으)로 (adverbial marker: 참고로)

Verb + 기 바랍니다 (formal request: 참고하시기 바랍니다)

Noun + 이/가 되다 (passive state: 참고가 되다)

Verb + (으)ㄹ 때 (when doing: 참고할 때)

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Exemples par niveau

이것을 참고하세요.

Please refer to this.

Polite imperative form using -(으)세요.

참고 자료가 있어요.

There is reference material.

Basic existence sentence using 있어요.

책을 참고해요.

I refer to the book.

Present tense polite form -아요/어요.

지도를 참고하세요.

Please refer to the map.

Using an object (지도) with the imperative.

참고로 저는 학생이에요.

For reference, I am a student.

Using 참고로 to add a simple fact.

이 사진을 참고하세요.

Please refer to this photo.

Using demonstrative 이 (this).

참고서가 비싸요.

The reference book is expensive.

Using the compound noun 참고서.

여기를 참고하세요.

Please refer to here (this part).

Using location word 여기.

숙제할 때 사전을 참고했어요.

I referred to a dictionary when doing my homework.

Past tense -았/었어요 and -ㄹ 때 (when).

참고로 내일은 쉬는 날이에요.

For your information, tomorrow is a day off.

Using 참고로 to give helpful scheduling info.

이 요리책을 참고해서 만들었어요.

I made it by referring to this cookbook.

Using -아/어서 to show the method/sequence.

친구의 노트를 참고해도 돼요?

May I refer to my friend's notes?

Asking permission with -아/어도 되다.

좋은 참고서 하나 추천해 주세요.

Please recommend a good reference book.

Using 참고서 with the verb 추천하다.

그 이야기는 참고만 할게요.

I will just use that story as a reference.

Using the particle 만 (only) to limit the action.

인터넷 검색 결과를 참고하세요.

Please refer to the internet search results.

Combining nouns: 인터넷 검색 결과.

이 옷 사이즈 표를 참고해 주세요.

Please refer to this clothing size chart.

Polite request using -아/어 주세요.

보고서를 작성할 때 다양한 통계 자료를 참고했습니다.

I referred to various statistical data when writing the report.

Formal past tense -았습니다.

참고로 말씀드리자면, 그 프로젝트는 이미 취소되었습니다.

For your reference, that project has already been canceled.

Formal phrase 참고로 말씀드리자면 (If I may say for reference).

선배님의 조언이 제 진로 결정에 큰 참고가 되었습니다.

My senior's advice was a great reference for my career decision.

Passive structure 참고가 되다.

다른 사람의 글을 참고할 때는 반드시 출처를 밝혀야 합니다.

When referring to someone else's writing, you must reveal the source.

Obligation using -아/어야 하다.

첨부해 드린 회의록을 참고하시기 바랍니다.

Please refer to the attached meeting minutes.

Formal polite request -하시기 바랍니다.

이 디자인은 자연에서 영감을 얻어 참고한 것입니다.

This design was referenced by getting inspiration from nature.

Complex sentence explaining a process.

결정을 내리기 전에 과거의 유사한 사례들을 참고해 봅시다.

Before making a decision, let's refer to similar past cases.

Propositive form -ㅂ시다 and -기 전에 (before).

이 책은 한국 역사 공부에 아주 유용한 참고 도서입니다.

This book is a very useful reference book for studying Korean history.

Using noun modifier 유용한 (useful).

본 논문은 주로 19세기 문학 작품들을 참고 문헌으로 활용하였습니다.

This thesis mainly utilized 19th-century literary works as a bibliography.

Academic phrasing using 본 (this) and 활용하다 (utilize).

제시된 가이드라인은 절대적인 기준이 아니니, 상황에 맞게 참고만 하십시오.

The provided guidelines are not absolute standards, so please just refer to them according to the situation.

Using -니 (since/because) and formal imperative -십시오.

경쟁사의 마케팅 전략을 참고하되, 우리만의 독창성을 잃어서는 안 됩니다.

We should refer to competitors' marketing strategies, but we must not lose our own originality.

Using -되 (but/while) to show contrast/condition.

경찰은 사건의 실마리를 찾기 위해 목격자를 참고인 신분으로 소환했습니다.

The police summoned the witness as a reference person to find a clue to the case.

Legal vocabulary: 참고인 (reference person/witness).

참고로 부연 설명을 드리자면, 이 수치는 작년 동기 대비 10% 상승한 것입니다.

To add an explanation for your reference, this figure is a 10% increase compared to the same period last year.

Advanced formal transition: 참고로 부연 설명을 드리자면.

해외 시장 진출 시, 현지의 문화적 특성을 반드시 참고사항으로 고려해야 합니다.

When entering overseas markets, local cultural characteristics must be considered as a point of reference.

Using 참고사항 (matters for reference).

이 자료는 여러분의 이해를 돕기 위해 임의로 작성된 참고용 데이터입니다.

This material is reference data created arbitrarily to help your understanding.

Using suffix -용 (for the purpose of): 참고용.

과거의 실패 사례를 반면교사로 삼아 참고한다면 더 나은 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것입니다.

If we refer to past failure cases as a lesson (teacher by negative example), we will be able to get better results.

Using idiom 반면교사로 삼다 (to learn from someone's mistakes).

해당 법안의 개정 취지를 명확히 이해하기 위해서는 입법 예고 당시의 공청회 자료를 면밀히 참고할 필요가 있습니다.

To clearly understand the intent behind the revision of the bill, it is necessary to closely refer to the public hearing materials from the time of the legislative notice.

Highly formal legal/administrative language.

저자의 주장은 독창적이나, 참고 문헌의 편향성으로 인해 객관성을 담보하기 어렵다는 한계가 지적됩니다.

The author's argument is original, but it is pointed out that there is a limitation in guaranteeing objectivity due to the bias of the bibliography.

Academic critique using complex vocabulary (편향성, 담보하다).

본 계약서의 첨부 문서는 상호 간의 이해를 돕기 위한 참고 자료일 뿐, 법적 구속력을 가지지 아니합니다.

The attached documents to this contract are merely reference materials to help mutual understanding and do not have legal binding force.

Formal contract language using -일 뿐 and 아니하다.

시장 변동성이 극심한 현재 상황에서는 과거의 경제 지표를 참고하되, 맹신하는 우를 범해서는 안 될 것입니다.

In the current situation of extreme market volatility, we should refer to past economic indicators, but we must not commit the folly of blindly trusting them.

Advanced phrasing: 맹신하는 우를 범하다 (commit the folly of blind faith).

참고인 조사를 통해 확보된 진술은 피의자의 알리바이를 탄핵하는 결정적인 정황 증거로 채택되었습니다.

The statement secured through the reference person investigation was adopted as decisive circumstantial evidence to impeach the suspect's alibi.

Advanced legal terminology (탄핵하다, 정황 증거).

이론적 틀을 구축하는 과정에서 선행 연구들을 비판적으로 참고함으로써 연구의 차별성을 부각시켰습니다.

In the process of building the theoretical framework, the differentiation of the research was highlighted by critically referring to preceding studies.

Academic methodology description.

경영진은 실무진의 의견을 단순한 참고사항으로 치부할 것이 아니라, 의사결정의 핵심 기제로 수용해야 합니다.

Management should not dismiss the opinions of the working-level staff as mere matters of reference, but accept them as a core mechanism of decision-making.

Using -로 치부하다 (to dismiss as).

해당 가이드라인은 권고적 성격을 띠므로, 각 부서의 실정에 맞게 유연하게 참고하여 적용하시기 바랍니다.

Since this guideline has an advisory nature, please flexibly refer to and apply it according to the actual situation of each department.

Formal administrative instruction.

방대한 양의 고문헌을 교차 참고하여 역사적 사실의 이면을 재구성해 낸 저자의 통찰력이 돋보이는 역작입니다.

It is a masterpiece that stands out for the author's insight, having reconstructed the hidden side of historical facts by cross-referencing a vast amount of ancient literature.

Literary/review style using 교차 참고하다 (cross-reference).

정책 입안 과정에서 해외의 선진 사례를 참고하는 것은 타당하나, 국내의 특수한 사회·문화적 맥락을 사상한 채 맹목적으로 이식하는 것은 지양해야 마땅합니다.

While it is valid to refer to advanced overseas cases in the policy-making process, blindly transplanting them while discarding the unique domestic socio-cultural context must be avoided.

Highly sophisticated policy analysis language (사상하다, 이식하다, 지양하다).

본 재판부는 검찰이 제출한 참고인 진술 조서의 증거 능력을 인정하기에는 그 신빙성을 담보할 만한 객관적 정황이 현저히 부족하다고 판단하였습니다.

This court judged that the objective circumstances to guarantee the credibility are significantly lacking to acknowledge the admissibility of evidence of the reference person's statement protocol submitted by the prosecution.

Authentic judicial ruling language.

해당 담화문은 표면적으로는 유감 표명을 참고로 덧붙인 형태를 취하고 있으나, 실질적으로는 상대국에 대한 강력한 외교적 항의의 메시지를 내포하고 있습니다.

The statement superficially takes the form of adding an expression of regret for reference, but practically it implies a message of strong diplomatic protest against the counterpart country.

Diplomatic analysis using complex structural contrasts.

인공지능 모델의 학습 데이터로 활용된 방대한 참고 자료들의 저작권 침해 여부를 둘러싼 법리적 공방이 새로운 국면에 접어들었습니다.

The legal battle over whether the vast reference materials utilized as training data for the AI model infringe on copyrights has entered a new phase.

Contemporary tech-legal discourse.

학문적 엄밀성을 기하기 위해, 본고에서는 1차 사료만을 직접 참고하였으며, 후대의 주석서나 해설서는 비판적 검토를 위한 보조 기제로만 한정하여 활용하였습니다.

To ensure academic rigor, this paper directly referred only to primary historical sources, and utilized later commentaries or explanatory books limitedly as an auxiliary mechanism for critical review.

Rigorous academic methodology statement.

기업의 ESG 경영 보고서는 투자자들에게 단순한 참고용 지표를 넘어, 기업의 지속 가능성을 평가하는 핵심적인 가치 척도로 격상되었습니다.

Corporate ESG management reports have been elevated beyond simple reference indicators for investors to a core value metric for evaluating corporate sustainability.

Advanced corporate finance terminology.

작가는 전작의 세계관을 교묘하게 변주하고 참고함으로써, 기존 독자들에게는 향수를, 신규 독자들에게는 신선한 지적 유희를 제공하는 서사적 성취를 이룩했습니다.

By subtly varying and referencing the worldview of his previous work, the author achieved a narrative accomplishment that provides nostalgia to existing readers and fresh intellectual amusement to new readers.

Literary criticism language.

Synonymes

참조 비교 확인

Collocations courantes

참고 자료

참고 문헌

참고서

참고사항

참고인

참고가 되다

참고로 하다

참고를 부탁하다

적극 참고하다

교차 참고하다

Phrases Courantes

참고하시기 바랍니다

참고로 말씀드리자면

참고가 되었으면 좋겠습니다

참고만 하세요

참고 부탁드립니다

아래 내용을 참고해 주세요

참고 삼아

참고로 알아두세요

참고 문헌 목록

참고 자료를 첨부합니다

Souvent confondu avec

참고 vs 참조 (Reference/Compare side-by-side)

참고 vs 창고 (Warehouse - sounds similar)

참고 vs 표절 (Plagiarism - the opposite of proper 참고)

Expressions idiomatiques

"참고로 삼다"

"반면교사로 참고하다"

"귀감으로 참고하다"

"타산지석으로 참고하다"

"참고할 만한 가치가 있다"

"참고 수준에 그치다"

"참고로 덧붙이다"

"참고의 여지가 없다"

"참고 자료로 활용하다"

"참고인 신분으로"

Facile à confondre

참고 vs

Structures de phrases

Famille de mots

Apparenté

참고서 (reference book), 참고인 (reference person/witness)

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Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Carries a positive nuance of being prepared, intellectual, and helpful.

formality

Can be used in all levels of formality, but the verb ending changes (참고해 -> 참고하세요 -> 참고하시기 바랍니다).

colloquialisms

In internet slang, sometimes shortened or used in memes, but generally maintains its standard meaning.

Erreurs courantes

Using 에 참고하다 instead of 을/를 참고하다.
Using 참고하다 when meaning 'to copy' (표절하다/베끼다).
Confusing 참고 (gathering info) with 참조 (comparing side-by-side).
Overusing '참고로' in every sentence, making the speech sound disjointed.
Pronouncing it as '창고' (warehouse) due to lazy articulation.

Astuces

Object Particle

Always use 을/를 with 참고하다. English speakers want to say 'refer TO', but in Korean, you 'refer the book' (책을 참고하다).

Using 참고로

Start your sentence with '참고로' when you want to add a helpful 'By the way' fact. It makes you sound very fluent and considerate.

Email Sign-offs

Memorize '첨부 파일을 참고하시기 바랍니다'. It is the most professional way to tell someone to look at an email attachment.

Compound Nouns

Learn the common combinations: 참고 자료 (reference data), 참고 문헌 (bibliography), 참고서 (study guide).

참고 vs 참조

Remember: 참고 is for learning/thinking. 참조 is for comparing/checking. Use them correctly to sound like a native professional.

참고만 하세요

If a boss says '이건 참고만 하세요', it means don't stress too much about it, it's just background info. If a teacher says it, it's not on the test.

Showing Diligence

In Korean companies, bringing '참고 자료' to a meeting shows you are prepared and hardworking.

Aspirated Ch

Make sure to pronounce the 'ㅊ' in 참고 with a strong burst of air (aspirated). It should sound like 'CHam-go', not 'jam-go'.

Not Copying

Never use 참고하다 if you just copy-pasted. It implies intellectual honesty. Use 인용하다 (quote) if you use exact words.

Expressing Thanks

Say '큰 참고가 되었습니다' (It was a great reference) to thank someone for giving you helpful information or advice.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine you are a 'CHAMP' (참) who always 'GOes' (고) to the library to use REFERENCE books before making a decision.

Origine du mot

Contexte culturel

The Korean education system relies heavily on '참고서' (reference books/study guides) alongside official textbooks. The market for these books is massive, reflecting the highly competitive academic environment.

In emails, '참조' (CC) and '참고' (reference) are both used, but they mean different things. You put someone in '참조' (CC) so they can '참고' (refer to) the email contents.

Using '참고하세요' is polite but can sound a bit direct from a junior to a senior. To a boss, it is better to say '참고 부탁드립니다' (I request that you refer to this) or '참고하시면 좋을 것 같습니다' (I think it would be good if you refer to this).

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"여행 계획 짤 때 어떤 블로그를 참고했어요?"

"한국어 공부할 때 가장 많이 참고하는 책이 뭐예요?"

"참고로, 근처에 맛있는 카페가 있는데 갈래요?"

"이 문제를 해결하기 위해 어떤 자료를 참고하면 좋을까요?"

"옷을 살 때 사이즈 표를 잘 참고하는 편인가요?"

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a time when someone's advice was a great '참고' (reference) for you.

List the '참고 문헌' (reference materials) you would use if you were writing a book about your life.

Explain a difficult decision you made and what information you '참고' (referred to) to make it.

Write a polite email to a colleague asking them to '참고' an attached document.

Describe your favorite '참고서' (study guide) for learning Korean.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

참고 (參考) means to consult something to gather information or aid your thinking. It is broad. 참조 (參照) means to compare two or more things side-by-side to check for differences or verify facts. In emails, CC is 참조, but reading an attachment is 참고.

No. 참고 implies you looked at the work for inspiration or guidance, but produced your own original result. If you copy it exactly, that is 표절 (plagiarism) or 베끼다 (to copy).

The best translation in most contexts is '참고로' (cham-go-ro). It literally means 'as a reference' and is used to introduce helpful side notes.

Because 참고하다 is a transitive verb meaning 'to refer to', you use the object particle 을/를. For example, '책을 참고하다' (refer to a book). Do not use 에.

A 참고서 (cham-go-seo) is a reference book or a study guide. It is a book used alongside a main textbook to provide extra explanations, practice problems, or summaries.

Yes, '참고 바랍니다' (Please refer to this) is a standard, polite phrase used in business emails and formal notices. An even more polite version is '참고하시기 바랍니다'.

It means 'Please just use it as a reference'. It implies that the information is not an absolute rule, not mandatory, or won't be on the test. It's just for your background knowledge.

Yes, but usually in a legal context. A '참고인' (reference person) is a witness or someone brought in for questioning who is not a suspect. In daily life, you refer to someone's '조언' (advice), not the person themselves.

Bibliography or references at the end of an academic paper is called '참고 문헌' (cham-go mun-heon).

Yes, it comes from Hanja: 參考. 參 means to participate/refer, and 考 means to think/examine.

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