가파르다 en 30 secondes
- Describes very steep slopes and sharp, sudden changes.
- Used for literal hills and figurative trends like price increases.
- Implies difficulty, intensity, and rapid movement.
- Common in geography, economics, and discussions of progress.
- Literal Meaning
- Describes a slope or incline that is very steep, making it difficult to climb or descend. Think of a sheer cliff face or a very challenging mountain trail.
- Figurative Meaning
- Used metaphorically to describe a situation, trend, or change that is extremely rapid, sharp, or intense. This could apply to a sudden increase in prices, a rapid improvement in skills, or a drastic shift in opinion.
- Usage Contexts
- You'll hear '가파르다' when discussing geography, hiking, skiing, or any activity involving steep inclines. Figuratively, it's common in discussions about economics, statistics, personal development, and social changes where rapid shifts are observed. For example, a government might report a '가파른' increase in unemployment, or a student might describe their '가파른' learning curve.
- Nuance
- The word carries a sense of challenge and intensity. A '가파른' slope implies difficulty and requires effort. Similarly, a '가파른' change suggests a dramatic and often noticeable transformation. It's stronger than simply 'high' or 'fast'; it emphasizes the steepness and abruptness of the rise or fall.
The mountain path was incredibly 가파르다.
The company's profits showed a 가파른 increase last quarter.
Learning Korean has a 가파른 learning curve at first.
- Synonym for Physical Slopes
- While '가파르다' is common, you might also hear '험하다' (heomhada) which means rough or rugged, often implying a steep and difficult path.
- Synonym for Abstract Changes
- For rapid changes, '급격하다' (geupgyeokhada) is a very close synonym, emphasizing the suddenness and abruptness of the change.
- Describing Physical Terrain
- When talking about mountains, hills, or any inclined surface, '가파르다' is used directly to describe its steepness. You can modify it with adverbs like '매우' (very), '정말' (really), or '너무' (too/very) to emphasize the degree of steepness.
- Describing Trends and Changes
- In figurative contexts, '가파르다' is often used with nouns like '증가' (increase), '감소' (decrease), '상승' (rise), '하락' (fall), '변화' (change), or '성장' (growth). It modifies these nouns to indicate that the change was very sharp and sudden. For instance, '물가 상승이 가파르다' means 'The rise in prices is steep/sharp.'
- Grammatical Forms
- As an adjective, '가파르다' conjugates like other Korean adjectives. Common forms include:
- 가파르다 (base form: it is steep)
- 가파른 (modifies a noun: a steep slope)
- 가팔라요 (polite informal: it is steep)
- 가팔랐어요 (past tense polite informal: it was steep)
- 가파르게 (adverbial form: steeply) - Sentence Structure
- A typical sentence structure would be:
[Subject] + [Object/Topic] + 가파르다.
Or when modifying a noun:
[Adjective Form of 가파르다] + [Noun].
For example, '이 산은 가파르다' (This mountain is steep).
'그것은 가파른 길이었다' (It was a steep road).
The climb up the volcano was incredibly 가파르다.
We saw a 가파른 decline in sales after the new policy was introduced.
The student's improvement was 가파르게 noticeable.
- Travel and Geography
- In travel blogs, documentaries, or conversations about hiking and mountaineering, you'll frequently encounter '가파르다' to describe challenging terrains. For instance, a guide might warn hikers about a '가파른' section of the trail. Korean travel shows often highlight scenic spots with steep cliffs or inclines, using this word to convey the dramatic landscape.
- News and Economics
- News reports, especially those discussing economic indicators, often use '가파르다' to describe significant and rapid changes. You might hear about a '가파른' increase in inflation, a '가파른' stock market rise, or a '가파른' drop in employment figures. Statistical analyses and economic forecasts frequently employ this term to highlight volatility.
- Personal Development and Learning
- When people discuss their progress in learning a new skill, mastering a challenging subject, or undergoing significant personal growth, they might use '가파르다' to describe the learning curve. A student might say their understanding of a difficult concept improved '가파르게' (steeply) after a breakthrough. Similarly, a fitness enthusiast might describe their rapid weight loss as a '가파른' change.
- Discussions about Technology and Innovation
- The rapid pace of technological advancement is often described using '가파르다'. A new technology might experience a '가파른' adoption rate, or a company's growth might be characterized by a '가파른' increase in user base. This word effectively captures the sense of exponential or highly accelerated progress.
- Everyday Conversations
- Even in casual conversations, '가파르다' can be used. Friends might discuss the '가파른' increase in rent in their city, or comment on how quickly a popular trend has emerged. It's a versatile word that adds a vivid description of intensity and speed.
The documentary showed the 가파른 ascent of Mount Everest.
Analysts are concerned about the 가파른 inflation rate.
After I started practicing daily, my Korean improved 가파르게.
- Confusing with '높다' (High)
- '높다' (nopda) simply means 'high' or 'tall'. While a steep slope is often high, '가파르다' specifically emphasizes the incline and difficulty. You wouldn't say a tall building is '가파르다' unless you were describing a very narrow, steep facade. A mountain can be both '높다' and '가파르다', but a flat, high plateau is only '높다'.
- Confusing with '심하다' (Severe/Intense)
- '심하다' (simhada) means severe, intense, or extreme, and can be used for many negative situations like '심한 감기' (severe cold) or '심한 스트레스' (severe stress). While a '가파른' change can be intense, '심하다' doesn't carry the specific connotation of steepness or rapid rise/fall. You might have a '심한' problem that isn't '가파르다', and vice versa.
- Incorrect Conjugation
- Learners sometimes struggle with adjective conjugations. For instance, using '가파르다' directly when it should be in its noun-modifying form '가파른'. For example, saying '가파르다 언덕' instead of '가파른 언덕' (steep hill) is grammatically incorrect. Ensure you use the correct form based on its grammatical function in the sentence.
- Overuse in Figurative Sense
- While versatile, overuse of '가파르다' for minor changes can dilute its impact. If something increases slightly or gradually, using '가파르다' might be an exaggeration. It's best reserved for truly significant and sharp shifts.
- Using it for Negative Changes Without Context
- While '가파른' can describe a steep decline, it's often associated with rapid increases. If describing a sharp fall, ensuring the context makes it clear it's a decline is important. Sometimes, using a phrase like '가파른 하락' (steep fall) or '급격한 감소' (sharp decrease) is more explicit.
Incorrect: 이 산은 높다 and 가파르다. Correct: 이 산은 높고 가파르다.
Incorrect: 가파르다 증가. Correct: 가파른 증가.
- 가파르다 (Gapareuda)
- Meaning: Steep (physical slope); sharp, sudden (figurative change).
Usage: Versatile for both literal and figurative contexts. Emphasizes the steepness and intensity of the incline or change.
Example: '이 산길은 매우 가파르다.' (This mountain path is very steep.) '그의 성적이 가파르게 올랐다.' (His grades rose steeply.) - 급격하다 (Geupgyeokhada)
- Meaning: Abrupt, sudden, rapid.
Usage: Primarily used for figurative changes, trends, or events. Emphasizes the suddenness and speed rather than the incline itself. Often interchangeable with '가파르다' in figurative contexts but focuses more on the 'suddenness'.
Example: '갑자기 급격한 변화가 있었다.' (There was a sudden, abrupt change.) '환율이 급격하게 떨어졌다.' (The exchange rate dropped sharply.) - 높다 (Nopda)
- Meaning: High, tall.
Usage: Describes height or elevation. It does not imply steepness. A high mountain can be gently sloping.
Example: '이 건물은 매우 높다.' (This building is very tall.) '산의 정상은 높다.' (The mountain summit is high.) - 험하다 (Heomhada)
- Meaning: Rough, rugged, difficult, harsh.
Usage: Often used for terrain that is not only steep but also uneven, rocky, or dangerous. It implies difficulty and hardship. Can overlap with '가파르다' but is broader.
Example: '그 길은 험해서 걷기 힘들었다.' (That path was rough and difficult to walk.) '겨울 바다는 험하다.' (The winter sea is rough/harsh.) - 심하다 (Simhada)
- Meaning: Severe, intense, extreme.
Usage: Describes the intensity or severity of something, often negative conditions, illnesses, or emotions. It doesn't relate to steepness or speed of change in the same way.
Example: '감기가 심하다.' (I have a severe cold.) '그녀는 심한 슬픔을 느꼈다.' (She felt intense sadness.)
'가파르다' describes a steep incline, while '높다' describes height.
'급격하다' emphasizes suddenness, while '가파르다' emphasizes steepness of change.
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
The adjective '가파르다' shares a semantic field with words describing intensity and rapid movement across many languages, highlighting a universal human perception of steepness and sudden shifts. For example, in English, 'steep' is used for both physical slopes and sharp increases.
Guide de prononciation
- Mispronouncing the 'r' sound as a strong English 'r' instead of a flap.
- Aspirating the 'p' sound too much, making it sound like the 'p' in 'pie'.
- Confusing the initial 'g' sound with a 'k' sound.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables, which can alter the natural rhythm.
- Omitting or mispronouncing the final 'da' sound.
Niveau de difficulté
Understanding '가파르다' in reading requires distinguishing between literal and figurative meanings. While the literal meaning is straightforward, figurative usage in economic or statistical contexts might require a broader vocabulary and understanding of trends. Texts discussing geography or adventure will be easier than those analyzing complex data.
Accurate use in writing involves choosing the correct form (e.g., '가파르다' vs. '가파른' vs. '가파르게') and contextually appropriate meaning. Learners might struggle with figurative applications and avoiding overgeneralization.
Pronunciation is generally manageable, but using the word naturally in both literal and figurative contexts requires practice. Spontaneous use in discussions about trends or challenges can be challenging.
Recognizing '가파르다' in spoken Korean is usually straightforward, but understanding the nuances of its figurative use in fast-paced conversations or news reports might require context and familiarity with the topic.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Adjective Conjugation
'가파르다' is an adjective. It conjugates to modify nouns (가파른), form polite statements (가팔라요), and act as an adverb (가파르게).
Using Adverbial Forms
The adverbial form '가파르게' (steeply) modifies verbs to describe the manner of action. E.g., '가격이 가파르게 올랐다.' (Prices rose steeply.)
Noun Modification
The adjective form '가파른' modifies nouns. E.g., '가파른 언덕' (steep hill).
Connecting Clauses
Using '-고' to connect '가파르다' with another adjective. E.g., '이 산은 높고 가파르다.' (This mountain is high and steep.)
Expressing Degree
Using adverbs like '매우' (very) or '너무' (too/very) to intensify '가파르다'. E.g., '매우 가파르다.' (It is very steep.)
Exemples par niveau
이 언덕은 가파르다.
This hill is steep.
'가파르다' is used as a basic adjective describing the hill.
길이 가파르다.
The road is steep.
Simple sentence structure: Subject + is + steep.
경사가 가파르다.
The slope is steep.
Focuses on the noun '경사' (slope).
산이 가파르다.
The mountain is steep.
Basic description of a natural feature.
올라가기 가파르다.
It is steep to climb up.
Implies difficulty due to steepness.
이것은 가파른 길입니다.
This is a steep road.
'가파른' is the noun-modifying form of the adjective.
계단이 가파르다.
The stairs are steep.
Applies to man-made structures too.
이곳은 가파르다.
This place is steep.
General statement about a location.
겨울에는 산이 가파르다.
In winter, the mountain is steep.
Adds a temporal context. '가파르다' can imply difficulty in winter conditions.
물가가 가파르게 오르고 있다.
Prices are rising steeply.
'가파르게' is the adverbial form, describing how prices are rising.
그는 가파른 학습 곡선을 경험했다.
He experienced a steep learning curve.
Figurative use for learning progress.
이 도로는 가파르다.
This road is steep.
Direct description of a road's incline.
경제 성장률이 가파르다.
The economic growth rate is steep/sharp.
Figurative use in economics.
그녀의 목소리는 가파르다.
Her voice is steep/sharp.
Can sometimes describe a sharp or shrill voice, though less common than other meanings.
이 절벽은 가파르다.
This cliff is steep.
Describes a very steep vertical drop.
기술 발전이 가파르다.
Technological development is steep/rapid.
Figurative use for technological progress.
기온이 가파르게 떨어지고 있습니다.
The temperature is dropping sharply.
Adverbial use with a negative trend (dropping).
그 보고서는 시장의 가파른 하락을 예측했다.
The report predicted a steep decline in the market.
Noun-modifying form used with '하락' (decline).
새로운 정책으로 인해 실업률이 가파르게 증가했다.
Due to the new policy, the unemployment rate increased sharply.
Figurative use in social/economic context.
그의 연기력은 가파른 성장세를 보였다.
His acting skills showed a steep growth.
'가파른' modifying '성장세' (growth trend).
이 산맥의 경사는 매우 가파르다.
The slope of this mountain range is very steep.
Describing a large geographical feature.
그의 갑작스러운 태도 변화는 가파르다.
His sudden change in attitude is steep/sharp.
Figurative use for psychological or behavioral change.
이 지역의 인구 증가는 가파르다.
The population growth in this region is steep/rapid.
Figurative use for demographic changes.
그녀는 가파른 길을 따라 하이킹을 했다.
She hiked along a steep path.
Literal use describing a physical path.
이 비즈니스 모델의 성공은 가파른 시장 점유율 상승을 가져왔다.
The success of this business model brought about a steep rise in market share.
Sophisticated figurative use in business context.
그녀의 예술적 재능은 어린 시절부터 가파르게 발전했다.
Her artistic talent developed steeply since childhood.
Figurative use for personal talent development.
새로운 규제 도입으로 인해 산업계는 가파른 구조 조정을 겪고 있다.
Due to the introduction of new regulations, the industry is undergoing steep restructuring.
Figurative use in a complex industrial context.
그의 연설은 청중의 감정에 가파른 파장을 일으켰다.
His speech caused a steep ripple effect on the audience's emotions.
Metaphorical use, '가파른 파장' (steep wave/ripple).
인간의 뇌 발달 과정은 초기 단계에서 가파른 변화를 보인다.
The process of human brain development shows steep changes in the early stages.
Figurative use in a scientific/biological context.
그 영화의 플롯 전개는 예측 불가능할 정도로 가파르다.
The plot development of that movie is unpredictably steep/sharp.
Figurative use for narrative structure.
급격한 기후 변화는 생태계에 가파른 위협을 제기한다.
Rapid climate change poses a steep threat to the ecosystem.
Figurative use combining '급격한' and '가파른' for emphasis.
그는 단기간에 가파른 성공을 거두었다.
He achieved steep success in a short period.
Figurative use for rapid personal achievement.
이 지질학적 단층면은 수백만 년에 걸쳐 형성된 가파른 지형을 보여준다.
This geological fault line exhibits steep topography formed over millions of years.
Precise geological description.
그 작가는 언어의 가파른 변화를 포착하는 데 탁월한 능력이 있다.
The author has an exceptional ability to capture the steep changes in language.
Nuanced use for linguistic evolution.
금융 시장의 변동성은 종종 가파른 조정 기간을 동반한다.
The volatility of financial markets often accompanies steep periods of adjustment.
Technical financial terminology.
인공지능의 발전 속도는 기하급수적이며, 이는 가파른 기술적 도약을 의미한다.
The pace of AI development is exponential, signifying a steep technological leap.
Discussing exponential growth and its implications.
그의 정치적 부상은 가파른 대중적 지지 상승에 힘입은 바 크다.
His political rise was largely fueled by a steep increase in public support.
Analyzing political dynamics and public opinion.
이 고대 유적지의 건축 양식은 당시의 가파른 사회 계층화를 반영한다.
The architectural style of this ancient ruin reflects the steep social stratification of the time.
Interpreting historical artifacts through social structures.
신경망의 훈련 과정에서는 초기 단계의 가파른 성능 향상이 관찰된다.
In the training process of neural networks, a steep performance improvement is observed in the early stages.
Technical explanation in machine learning.
그의 작품은 삶의 가파른 굴곡들을 예리하게 포착한다.
His work sharply captures the steep curves/ups and downs of life.
Literary or artistic critique.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— It is very steep.
이 산은 매우 가파르다. (This mountain is very steep.)
— It is becoming increasingly steep.
길이 점점 가파르다. (The path is becoming increasingly steep.)
— A steep road/path.
우리는 가파른 길을 올랐다. (We climbed a steep path.)
— A steep rise/increase.
수익의 가파른 상승이 있었다. (There was a steep rise in profit.)
— A steep downward trend.
주식 시장이 가파른 하락세를 보였다. (The stock market showed a steep downward trend.)
— To change steeply/sharply.
그의 태도가 가파르게 변했다. (His attitude changed sharply.)
— A steep slope/incline.
스키를 타기에는 가파른 경사면이었다. (It was a steep slope for skiing.)
— A steep cliff.
그곳에는 가파른 절벽이 있었다. (There was a steep cliff there.)
— A steep curve.
그래프가 가파른 곡선을 그렸다. (The graph drew a steep curve.)
— To climb a steep path.
등산객들이 가파른 길을 올랐다. (The hikers climbed a steep path.)
Souvent confondu avec
'높다' simply means 'high'. While a steep slope is often high, '가파르다' specifically describes the incline and difficulty. A tall building is '높다', but not necessarily '가파르다'.
'심하다' means 'severe' or 'intense'. While a steep change can be intense, '심하다' is used for many other kinds of intensity (e.g., severe cold) and doesn't imply steepness.
'빠르다' means 'fast'. A steep change is often fast, but '빠르다' describes speed in general, whereas '가파르다' specifically describes the sharp, steep nature of the change.
Expressions idiomatiques
— It's a steep climb all the way to the top. This idiom implies that a goal or task is difficult from beginning to end, with no easy parts.
이 프로젝트는 정상까지 가파르다. (This project is a steep climb all the way to the top.)
Neutral— To catch a steep upward trend. This means to benefit from or be part of a rapid and significant rise in success, popularity, or value.
그 팀은 최근 가파른 상승세를 탔다. (That team has recently caught a steep upward trend.)
Neutral— To experience a steep decline. This refers to a significant and rapid decrease in value, performance, or status.
회사가 가파른 하락을 겪었다. (The company experienced a steep decline.)
Neutral— To face a steep change. This implies encountering a significant and sudden shift in circumstances or conditions.
그는 갑자기 가파른 변화를 맞았다. (He suddenly faced a steep change.)
Neutral— A steep path of life. This metaphor describes a life full of challenges, difficulties, and rapid ups and downs.
그녀의 가파른 인생길은 많은 사람들에게 영감을 주었다. (Her steep path of life inspired many people.)
Neutral— To soar steeply. Used for things like prices, popularity, or temperature that rise very rapidly.
인기가 가파르게 치솟았다. (Popularity soared steeply.)
Neutral— To face a steep cliff. Literally, it means to be in front of a sheer drop. Figuratively, it implies facing a major, daunting obstacle or challenge.
그는 사업에서 가파른 절벽을 마주했다. (He faced a steep cliff in his business.)
Neutral— To go up and down steep stairs. Can be literal or figurative for navigating difficult phases.
그녀는 가파른 계단을 오르내리며 힘든 시기를 보냈다. (She went through a difficult time going up and down steep stairs.)
Neutral— To overcome a steep slope/gradient. This refers to overcoming a significant challenge or difficulty.
팀은 가파른 경사를 극복하고 목표를 달성했다. (The team overcame the steep gradient and achieved their goal.)
Neutral— A wave of steep change. Implies a widespread and rapid transformation affecting many aspects.
사회는 가파른 변화의 물결을 타고 있다. (Society is riding a wave of steep change.)
NeutralFacile à confondre
Both '가파르다' and '급격하다' are used to describe rapid and sharp changes. They are often interchangeable in figurative contexts.
'가파르다' emphasizes the steepness and intensity of the change, like a steep climb or drop on a graph. '급격하다' emphasizes the suddenness and abruptness of the change, highlighting how quickly it occurred. While a '가파른' change is often '급격하다', '급격하다' can describe a sudden change that might not be visually steep but is still rapid.
물가 상승이 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르다</mark>. (The price increase is steep - emphasizing the sharp rise.) vs. 갑자기 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>급격한</mark> 변화가 있었다. (There was a sudden, abrupt change - emphasizing the unexpectedness and speed.)
It is the direct antonym of '가파르다' when describing slopes, making it easy to confuse if one isn't careful with the meaning.
'가파르다' means steep, while '완만하다' means gentle, gradual, or mild. A '가파른' slope is difficult to ascend, whereas a '완만한' slope is easy. For figurative changes, a '가파른' change is rapid and intense, while a '완만한' change is slow and subtle.
이 산은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르다</mark>. (This mountain is steep.) vs. 이 산은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>완만하다</mark>. (This mountain is gentle.)
Both terms can apply to mountains, and a steep mountain is often also high.
'가파르다' describes the incline or steepness of a slope, implying difficulty in ascent or descent. '높다' describes the elevation or height of an object or place. A mountain can be very high ('높다') but have gentle slopes, or it can be relatively low ('낮다') but very steep ('가파르다').
이 산은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>높다</mark>. (This mountain is high.) vs. 이 산의 경사는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르다</mark>. (The slope of this mountain is steep.)
Both words can describe difficult terrain, and often a '가파른' path is also '험하다'.
'가파르다' specifically refers to the steepness of the incline. '험하다' means rough, rugged, or dangerous, encompassing not just steepness but also unevenness, rocks, or other obstacles that make the path difficult. A path can be '가파르다' without being particularly '험하다' (e.g., a paved steep road), and a path can be '험하다' without being extremely steep (e.g., a rocky, uneven trail on a gentle slope).
그 길은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르다</mark>. (That path is steep.) vs. 그 길은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>험하다</mark>. (That path is rough/rugged.)
It is the antonym of '빠르다' (fast), and a steep change is often fast. However, '느리다' describes slowness, while '가파르다' describes steepness.
'가파르다' describes the steepness or sharpness of a slope or change. '느리다' describes the speed or pace of something. A change can be steep ('가파르다') and fast ('빠르다'), or it can be gradual ('느리다') and not steep. Conversely, a change could be steep ('가파르다') but perhaps not as fast as an extremely rapid but less steep change.
변화가 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르다</mark>. (The change is steep.) vs. 변화가 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>느리다</mark>. (The change is slow.)
Structures de phrases
Noun + 은/는 + 가파르다.
이 언덕은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르다</mark>.
가파른 + Noun
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파른</mark> 길.
Noun + 이/가 + 가파르게 + Verb
가격이 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르게</mark> 올랐다.
Noun + 은/는 + 가파른 + Noun
그는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파른</mark> 학습 곡선을 경험했다.
Noun + 이/가 + 가파른 + Noun (e.g., 변화, 증가, 하락)
수익의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파른</mark> 증가가 있었다.
Adverb + 가파르다
매우 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파르다</mark>.
Noun + 은/는 + (가파른/가파르게) + Verb/Noun (describing complex situations)
그 보고서는 시장의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파른</mark> 하락을 예측했다.
Noun + 은/는 + 가파르다 + (contextual modifier)
그의 연설은 청중의 감정에 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파른</mark> 파장을 일으켰다.
Famille de mots
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
High. Used commonly in both literal and figurative senses.
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Using '가파르다' to mean just 'high'.
→
이 산은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>높다</mark>.
While steep mountains are often high, '가파르다' specifically refers to the incline. Use '높다' for height.
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Using '가파르다' when '급격하다' is more appropriate for suddenness.
→
갑자기 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>급격한</mark> 변화가 있었다.
While '가파르다' can describe sharp changes, '급격하다' more directly conveys the suddenness and abruptness of the event.
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Incorrectly conjugating '가파르다' before a noun.
→
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가파른</mark> 언덕.
When modifying a noun, use the adjective form '가파른', not the base form '가파르다'.
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Using '가파르다' for slow changes.
→
변화가 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>느리다</mark> / <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>점진적이다</mark>.
'가파르다' implies intensity and speed. For slow or gradual changes, use '느리다' or '점진적이다'.
-
Confusing '가파르다' with '심하다'.
→
그는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>심한</mark> 감기에 걸렸다. (He has a severe cold.)
'심하다' means severe or intense, but it doesn't imply steepness or rapid change. '가파르다' is specifically about steepness.
Astuces
Literal vs. Figurative
Remember that '가파르다' has two main uses: describing physical steepness (like hills) and describing sharp, rapid changes (like price hikes). Always consider the context to understand which meaning is intended. For example, '이 산은 가파르다' (This mountain is steep) is literal, while '물가가 가파르게 올랐다' (Prices rose steeply) is figurative.
Adjective Forms
Pay attention to the different forms of '가파르다'. Use '가파른' before a noun (e.g., 가파른 길 - steep path), '가파르게' as an adverb modifying verbs (e.g., 가파르게 증가하다 - to increase steeply), and '가파르다' as the base adjective (e.g., 이 언덕은 가파르다 - this hill is steep).
Flap 'R' Sound
The Korean 'ㄹ' sound in '가파르다' is a flap, similar to the 'tt' in the American English pronunciation of 'butter' or 'ladder'. Practice making this quick tap sound with your tongue against the roof of your mouth.
Visual Association
Imagine a steep mountain path. The word '가파르다' sounds a bit like 'gap' and 'ride'. Picture yourself riding up a steep mountain path, creating a visual 'gap' in your progress that you're rapidly overcoming. This can help you remember both the literal and figurative meanings.
Common Collocations
Learn common phrases like '가파른 언덕' (steep hill), '가파른 변화' (steep change), and '가파르게 오르다' (to rise steeply). These collocations will help you use the word more naturally.
vs. 급격하다
While often interchangeable for figurative changes, '가파르다' emphasizes steepness and intensity, like a sharp peak on a graph. '급격하다' emphasizes suddenness and abruptness. Think of '가파르다' as the shape and '급격하다' as the speed of the change.
Opposite Meaning
The opposite of '가파르다' when describing slopes is '완만하다' (gentle, gradual). For changes, consider '느리다' (slow) or '점진적이다' (gradual).
Sentence Building
Try creating your own sentences using '가파르다' in different contexts. Describe a real place you've visited, or a situation where you've seen a rapid change. This active practice is key to retention.
Implied Effort
Using '가파르다' often implies that effort, difficulty, or a significant degree of intensity is involved, whether it's climbing a mountain or experiencing a rapid change.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine climbing a very steep mountain ('가파르다') to reach a '파' (pa - wave) of success. The '르다' part can sound like 'ride', so you're riding up a steep mountain to catch a wave of success. The sounds '가-파-르다' might remind you of 'gap' (as in a gap in progress) that is being filled rapidly.
Association visuelle
Picture a very steep cliff face with a small, determined person slowly climbing it. The sheer drop signifies the steepness, and the struggle of the climber emphasizes the difficulty. For the figurative meaning, imagine a graph with a line shooting straight up or down very rapidly.
Word Web
Défi
Try to describe three different situations you've encountered recently: one involving a physically steep place, and two involving rapid or sharp changes in your life or the world around you, using '가파르다' or its related forms.
Origine du mot
The word '가파르다' is believed to have originated from ancient Korean dialects. Its root likely relates to concepts of suddenness, intensity, or difficulty.
Sens originel : While the exact original meaning is not definitively recorded, it is thought to be related to the visual or sensory experience of a steep ascent or a sudden, impactful event.
Koreanic language family.Contexte culturel
The term '가파르다' itself is neutral. However, when used to describe sensitive topics like economic hardship (e.g., '가파른 물가 상승' - steep price increase leading to hardship) or personal struggles, the context and tone are important.
In English, we use 'steep' for physical slopes and 'sharp', 'rapid', or 'sudden' for changes. The Korean '가파르다' elegantly combines these concepts, making it a very efficient descriptor.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Hiking and Mountaineering
- 가파른 산
- 가파른 길
- 정상까지 가파르다
- 가파른 경사
Economics and Finance
- 가파른 상승
- 가파른 하락
- 가파른 증가
- 물가 상승이 가파르다
- 주가 변동이 가파르다
Personal Development and Learning
- 가파른 학습 곡선
- 실력이 가파르게 늘다
- 가파른 성장
Geography and Landscape
- 가파른 절벽
- 가파른 언덕
- 가파른 해안선
- 경사가 가파르다
General Descriptions of Change
- 가파른 변화
- 가파르게 변하다
- 가파른 추세
- 인구 증가가 가파르다
Amorces de conversation
"Have you ever climbed a mountain that was extremely '가파르다'?"
"What's the most '가파른' change you've experienced in your life?"
"Do you think the economy is experiencing a '가파른' increase or decrease right now?"
"When learning something new, have you ever faced a '가파른' learning curve?"
"What are some places you know with very '가파른' landscapes?"
Sujets d'écriture
Describe a time you faced a significant challenge, using the word '가파르다' to express its difficulty.
Write about a recent trend or event that you observed to be changing very '가파르게'.
Imagine you are planning a trip to a mountainous region. Describe the terrain you expect to encounter using '가파르다'.
Reflect on a skill you've learned. Was the learning process '가파르다'? Explain.
Compare and contrast a '가파른' change with a '점진적인' (gradual) change in your life or in society.
Questions fréquentes
10 questions'가파르다' describes the steepness or incline of a slope, emphasizing how difficult it is to go up or down. '높다' simply means high or tall, referring to elevation. A mountain can be very high ('높다') but have gentle slopes, or it can be relatively short but very steep ('가파르다').
You can use '가파르다' figuratively to describe changes that are very sudden, sharp, and intense. This applies to trends like rapid price increases, significant drops in stock values, quick improvements in skills, or sudden shifts in opinion. For example, '물가가 가파르게 오르고 있다' means 'Prices are rising steeply.'
No, '가파르다' is not inherently negative. While a steep slope can imply difficulty, and a steep price increase might be undesirable, a '가파른' growth in business or a '가파른' improvement in skills can be very positive. The connotation depends entirely on the context.
While less common, '가파르다' can sometimes be used to describe a sharp or shrill sound, implying a sudden, piercing quality. However, words like '날카롭다' (sharp) or '높다' (high pitch) are more frequently used for sounds.
The most common opposite for describing slopes is '완만하다' (wanmanhada), meaning gentle or gradual. For changes, opposites include '느리다' (neurida - slow) or '점진적이다' (jeomjinjeogida - gradual).
The adverbial form of '가파르다' is '가파르게' (gapareuge). You use it to describe how an action is performed steeply or sharply. For example, '성적이 가파르게 올랐다' (Grades rose steeply).
'가파르다' emphasizes the steepness or intensity of a change (like a steep graph line), while '급격하다' emphasizes the suddenness and abruptness. They are often interchangeable for figurative changes, but '가파르다' leans towards visual steepness and '급격하다' towards speed and unexpectedness.
Yes, it can be used metaphorically. For example, one might say a person's emotional state underwent a '가파른' change, implying a sudden and intense shift in feelings.
'가파른' is the adjective form used to modify nouns. You place it directly before the noun. For example, '가파른 언덕' (steep hill) or '가파른 변화' (steep change).
Yes, '가파르다' is a very common and useful word in Korean, used frequently in both everyday conversations and more formal contexts.
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Summary
The Korean word '가파르다' is a versatile adjective used to describe both literal steep slopes (like mountains or hills) and figurative situations involving very sharp, sudden, or intense changes, such as rapid price increases or significant growth trends. It conveys a sense of difficulty, intensity, and swift movement.
- Describes very steep slopes and sharp, sudden changes.
- Used for literal hills and figurative trends like price increases.
- Implies difficulty, intensity, and rapid movement.
- Common in geography, economics, and discussions of progress.
Literal vs. Figurative
Remember that '가파르다' has two main uses: describing physical steepness (like hills) and describing sharp, rapid changes (like price hikes). Always consider the context to understand which meaning is intended. For example, '이 산은 가파르다' (This mountain is steep) is literal, while '물가가 가파르게 올랐다' (Prices rose steeply) is figurative.
Adjective Forms
Pay attention to the different forms of '가파르다'. Use '가파른' before a noun (e.g., 가파른 길 - steep path), '가파르게' as an adverb modifying verbs (e.g., 가파르게 증가하다 - to increase steeply), and '가파르다' as the base adjective (e.g., 이 언덕은 가파르다 - this hill is steep).
Context is Key
When you encounter '가파르다', especially in figurative use, look at the surrounding words. Words like '증가', '하락', '변화', '성장', '학습 곡선' will often indicate a figurative meaning related to trends and progress.
Flap 'R' Sound
The Korean 'ㄹ' sound in '가파르다' is a flap, similar to the 'tt' in the American English pronunciation of 'butter' or 'ladder'. Practice making this quick tap sound with your tongue against the roof of your mouth.
Exemple
최근 물가가 가파르게 상승하여 서민들의 부담이 커졌다.
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