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A1 verb #1,500 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

공개하다

gonggaehaeda Top 1,500

At the A1 level, you should understand '공개하다' as a formal way to say 'to show' or 'to share' something with many people. You will mostly see it in simple sentences about sharing photos or secrets. For example, '사진을 공개해요' (I share the photo). It is important to know that it comes from '공개' (public) and '하다' (to do). You might hear it on TV when someone is about to show a surprise. Just remember: it's like 'showing' but for a bigger group of people or in a more official way. Don't worry about the complex Hanja yet; just focus on the idea of 'making public.'

At the A2 level, you can start using '공개하다' in more varied contexts, such as talking about social media or school news. You should be able to use the past tense '공개했어요' and the future tense '공개할 거예요.' You will also encounter the noun form '공개' in phrases like '공개 수업' (open class). This is a level where you distinguish between '보여주다' (showing a friend) and '공개하다' (posting online or telling the whole class). You should also recognize the opposite, '비공개' (private), which is very common on apps and websites. Practice using the object particle '-을/를' correctly with this verb.

At the B1 level, you should use '공개하다' in professional or semi-formal situations. You will understand its use in news headlines, such as '정부, 명단 공개' (Government discloses list). You should also be comfortable with the passive form '공개되다' (to be made public). For instance, '그 비밀이 드디어 공개되었다' (That secret was finally revealed). At this stage, you can use the word to discuss transparency and information sharing. You'll also start to see it in compound words like '정보 공개' (information disclosure). You should be able to explain the difference between '공개하다' and '발표하다' in simple terms.

At the B2 level, you are expected to understand the nuances of '공개하다' in legal, political, and corporate contexts. You will encounter terms like '기업 공개' (IPO) and '공개 채용' (open recruitment). You should be able to use the word to discuss social issues, such as the ethics of '공개 연애' (public dating) for celebrities or the necessity of '공개 재판' (public trials). Your usage should include complex grammatical structures like '-기로 공개하다' (decide to disclose) or '-지 않기로 공개하다' (decide not to disclose). You should also recognize its synonyms like '드러내다' and '밝히다' and choose the most appropriate one based on the register.

At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the Hanja roots (公 and 開) and how they influence the word's usage across various academic and professional fields. You will analyze texts where '공개하다' is used to discuss administrative transparency, intellectual property (e.g., '특허 공개'), and media ethics. You should be able to use the word in sophisticated arguments, such as debating the '알 권리' (right to know) versus privacy. You will also be familiar with idiomatic or highly formal collocations like '전격 공개' (full-scale disclosure) or '일방적 공개' (unilateral disclosure). Your ability to switch between '공개하다,' '개방하다,' and '유포하다' should be seamless.

At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of '공개하다.' You can use it to discuss complex legal precedents involving '정보 공개 청구' (request for information disclosure) or the philosophical implications of 'publicness' in a digital society. You understand the subtle rhetorical effects of using '공개하다' versus more obscure terms like '공표하다' (to officially proclaim) or '공람하다' (to make available for public inspection). You can write high-level reports or essays using the word to describe systemic changes in governance or corporate transparency. You also understand its historical usage and how the concept of 'public disclosure' has evolved in Korean society.

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

공개하다 en 30 secondes

공개하다 means to make something public or disclose information that was previously private or restricted to a specific group.
It is a formal verb used frequently in news, media, business, and official government communications regarding transparency.
The word is a combination of 'public' (공) and 'open' (개), literally meaning 'to open to the public'.
Commonly used for revealing secrets, releasing movie trailers, announcing government policies, or changing social media privacy settings.

The word 공개하다 is a cornerstone of Korean communication when discussing transparency, media, and social interactions. At its core, it combines the Hanja characters 公 (공), meaning 'public' or 'official,' and 開 (개), meaning 'to open.' Therefore, the literal translation is 'to open to the public.' This isn't just about opening a door; it's about opening access to information, secrets, or physical locations that were previously restricted. In a modern context, you will see this word everywhere—from news reports about government documents to K-pop idols 'revealing' their new music videos.

Core Concept: The act of moving something from a private state to a public state.

정부는 새로운 정책을 공개했다.

The government made the new policy public.

Understanding '공개하다' requires recognizing its formal tone. While you might use '보여주다' (to show) in casual settings with friends, '공개하다' suggests a more deliberate, often official act of disclosure. For example, when a company releases its quarterly earnings, it '공개's them. When a museum opens a new exhibit to the public for the first time, it '공개's the collection. It carries a weight of authority and finality. It is the bridge between the hidden and the seen.

Usage in Media: Used for movie trailers, teaser photos, and official statements.

가수들이 새 앨범의 티저 영상을 공개했습니다.

In social media contexts, you'll often see the term '비공개' (private/non-public). If your Instagram account is '비공개 계정,' it means it is not public. To '공개' your account would mean to switch it to public mode. This binary between '공개' (public) and '비공개' (private) is essential for navigating digital life in Korea. Furthermore, the word extends to legal and ethical domains. '정보 공개' (information disclosure) is a critical part of administrative law, ensuring that citizens have access to what the government is doing. Thus, '공개하다' is not just a verb; it is a value of transparency in modern Korean society.

Using 공개하다 correctly involves understanding its object-verb relationship. Since it is a transitive verb, it always requires an object—the thing being made public. This object is marked with the particles -을/를. Common objects include '비밀' (secret), '정보' (information), '사진' (photo), and '계획' (plan). Because the word is derived from Hanja, it fits naturally into formal, polite, and written Korean. In daily conversation, you might use the polite form 공개해요 or the formal 공개합니다.

Grammar Structure: [Subject] + [Object]-을/를 + 공개하다

그 회사는 신제품을 공개할 예정입니다.

That company is scheduled to reveal a new product.

When you want to describe something as being 'open to the public' as a state, you often use the passive form 공개되다. For example, 'The park is open to the public' would be '공원이 시민들에게 공개되었다.' Note the use of -에게 to indicate the audience to whom the object is revealed. This distinction between the active 'making public' and the passive 'being made public' is crucial for advanced fluency. Additionally, '공개하다' can be used in the imperative form in news headlines or calls for transparency: '명단을 공개하라!' (Disclose the list!).

Common Collocations: 전격 공개 (sudden/full disclosure), 언론에 공개 (disclosure to the press), 대중에게 공개 (disclosure to the public).

경찰은 범인의 얼굴을 공개하기로 했습니다.

In the digital age, '공개하다' is frequently used with social media settings. If you change your profile from private to public, you are '공개'ing your profile. In software development, '공개 소프트웨어' refers to open-source software. The versatility of this verb allows it to function across technology, law, art, and personal relationships. However, be careful not to confuse it with '발표하다' (to announce). While '발표하다' focuses on the verbal or written statement of news, '공개하다' focuses on the act of making the content itself visible or accessible.

You will encounter 공개하다 most frequently in news broadcasts, press releases, and entertainment media. In the world of K-pop and K-dramas, the word is used incessantly. Before a new drama airs, the production team will '공개' still cuts or teaser videos. When a celebrity couple admits they are dating, the media calls it '공개 연애' (public dating). If you are watching a variety show like 'Running Man,' you might hear the host say, '이제 결과를 공개하겠습니다!' (Now, we will reveal the results!). This creates a sense of suspense and excitement.

Entertainment Context: Used for teasers, results, and 'behind-the-scenes' content.

드디어 영화의 예고편이 공개되었습니다.

Finally, the movie trailer has been released.

In a professional or academic setting, '공개하다' is used for seminars and lectures that are open to the public, known as '공개 강좌.' If a university opens its library to local residents, they are '공개'ing the facility. In legal news, you will hear about '공개 재판' (public trial), which is a fundamental principle of the Korean judicial system to ensure fairness. If a politician is pressured to reveal their tax returns, the news will use '공개' as the primary verb for this demand. It signifies a move toward transparency and accountability.

Daily Life: Settings on apps, sharing photos, or telling a secret to a group.

그는 자신의 일기를 블로그에 공개했다.

Finally, in the corporate world, '공개' is part of the term '기업 공개' (IPO - Initial Public Offering). When a private company goes public and starts selling shares on the stock market, it is '공개'ing itself to investors. This shows how the word scales from small personal secrets to massive financial transitions. Whether you are reading a newspaper, watching a YouTube 'reveal' video, or adjusting your privacy settings on KakaoTalk, '공개하다' is the essential verb for the act of sharing with the world.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using 공개하다 when they should use 보여주다 (to show). While both involve visual access, '공개하다' implies a formal transition to a public state. If you are just showing a friend a photo on your phone, saying '사진을 공개할게' sounds overly dramatic, like you're holding a press conference for your lunch. Instead, use '사진 보여줄게.' Save '공개하다' for when you are posting that photo to a public forum or when the photo was previously a secret.

Mistake 1: Over-formalization: Using '공개하다' for simple, casual acts of showing.

❌ 친구에게 숙제를 공개했다. (Too formal/weird)
✅ 친구에게 숙제를 보여줬다. (Natural)

Another common error is confusing '공개하다' with '발표하다' (to announce). '발표하다' is about the statement itself—giving a presentation or making a verbal announcement. '공개하다' is about the content being made accessible. If you '발표' a plan, you are talking about it. If you '공개' a plan, you are letting people see the document or the details. Often they happen together, but they focus on different aspects of the communication process. Additionally, learners sometimes forget that '공개' is a noun-verb pair. You can say '공개를 하다' or just '공개하다,' but you cannot use '공개' as a verb by itself without '하다' or '되다.'

Mistake 2: Particle Confusion: Using '공개하다' with the wrong particles for the audience.

대중에게 정보를 공개하다. (Correct: 'To' the public)

Lastly, be careful with the word '개봉하다' (to release/open a movie). While '공개하다' can be used for movie trailers or info, '개봉하다' is the specific verb for the official theatrical release of a film. Using '공개하다' for the actual premiere of a movie in theaters is less precise than '개봉하다.' Similarly, '개최하다' is used for holding events or meetings. '공개하다' is specifically about the 'openness' and 'visibility' of the subject matter. Mastery of these nuances will make your Korean sound much more natural and sophisticated.

To truly master 공개하다, you must understand its relationship with similar verbs. The most common synonym is 드러내다 (to reveal/expose). However, '드러내다' often has a more physical or emotional connotation, like revealing one's feelings or a hidden object. '공개하다' is more formal and systematic. Another related word is 폭로하다 (to disclose/debunk), which is used specifically for revealing secrets, scandals, or negative information that someone wanted to keep hidden. While '공개' is neutral, '폭로' is often negative.

Comparison: 공개 vs. 발표: 공개하다 (Make visible/accessible) vs. 발표하다 (Announce/present information).

결과를 공개하다 (Show the results) vs. 결과를 발표하다 (State the results).

Then there is 전시하다 (to exhibit). This is used specifically for art or products in a gallery or showroom. You '공개' a collection to the public, but you '전시' the individual paintings. Another nuanced word is 개방하다 (to open up). While '공개' is about visibility and information, '개방' is often about physical access or opening a market/country. For example, '시장 개방' (market opening) or '공원 개방' (opening a park for entry). If you '공개' a park, you might just be showing photos of it; if you '개방' a park, people can actually walk inside.

Antonyms: 숨기다 (to hide), 은폐하다 (to conceal/cover up), 비공개로 하다 (to keep private).

정부는 사실을 은폐하려고 했지만, 결국 공개했습니다.

The government tried to conceal the facts but eventually made them public.

In summary, '공개하다' is the most versatile and standard term for making something public. By comparing it with '발표,' '개방,' and '폭로,' you can see that it sits in the middle—it is more formal than '보여주다,' more visual than '발표하다,' and more general than '개방하다.' Understanding these boundaries allows you to choose the exact right word for the level of transparency or access you are trying to describe in Korean.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Informel

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Exemples par niveau

선생님이 정답을 공개해요.

The teacher reveals the correct answer.

Present tense polite form.

제 비밀을 공개할게요.

I will reveal my secret.

Future tense with intention.

그는 사진을 공개했어요.

He made the photo public.

Past tense.

이름을 공개해 주세요.

Please reveal your name.

Imperative/Request form.

우리는 계획을 공개합니다.

We are making the plan public.

Formal present tense.

가수가 얼굴을 공개했어요.

The singer revealed their face.

Subject-Object-Verb structure.

새 게임을 공개해요.

They are revealing a new game.

Simple transitive usage.

결과를 공개합시다.

Let's reveal the results.

Suggestive form.

인스타그램 계정을 공개로 바꿨어요.

I changed my Instagram account to public.

Using '공개' as a noun/state.

학교에서 공개 수업을 해요.

There is an open class at school.

Compound noun '공개 수업'.

연예인이 여자친구를 공개했어요.

The celebrity revealed his girlfriend.

Social context usage.

이 정보는 아직 공개하면 안 돼요.

You shouldn't reveal this information yet.

-면 안 되다 (prohibition).

언제 새 노래를 공개할 거예요?

When will you reveal the new song?

Interrogative future tense.

블로그에 일기를 공개하고 싶어요.

I want to make my diary public on my blog.

-고 싶다 (desire).

회사는 신제품 사진을 공개했습니다.

The company revealed photos of the new product.

Formal past tense.

비밀번호를 공개하지 마세요.

Do not reveal your password.

-지 마세요 (negative imperative).

정부는 조사 결과를 대중에게 공개했다.

The government disclosed the investigation results to the public.

Plain style (written).

드디어 영화의 티저 영상이 공개되었다.

Finally, the movie's teaser video was released.

Passive form '공개되다'.

그는 자신의 과거를 솔직하게 공개했다.

He honestly revealed his past.

Adverbial usage '솔직하게'.

정보를 공개하는 것은 중요합니다.

Disclosing information is important.

Nounizing the verb with '-는 것'.

박물관은 새로운 전시물을 공개하기로 했다.

The museum decided to reveal new exhibits.

-기로 하다 (decision).

이 문서는 비공개에서 공개로 전환되었습니다.

This document has been switched from private to public.

Transition of state.

가수는 팬들에게만 신곡을 선공개했다.

The singer pre-released the new song only to fans.

Prefix '선-' (pre-).

범인의 신상을 공개하라는 요구가 많다.

There are many demands to reveal the criminal's identity.

Imperative quote '-하라는'.

기업 공개(IPO)를 통해 자금을 조달했다.

Funds were raised through an Initial Public Offering (IPO).

Financial terminology.

재판 과정이 언론에 전격 공개되었습니다.

The trial process was fully disclosed to the media.

Adverb '전격' (sudden/full-scale).

그 정치인은 재산을 투명하게 공개해야 한다.

That politician must transparently disclose their assets.

-해야 한다 (necessity).

사생활을 지나치게 공개하는 것은 위험할 수 있다.

Revealing too much of one's private life can be dangerous.

Gerund phrase as subject.

연구팀은 획기적인 발견을 학계에 공개했다.

The research team disclosed a breakthrough discovery to the academic community.

Formal academic context.

개인 정보가 인터넷에 무단으로 공개되었다.

Personal information was disclosed on the internet without authorization.

Adverb '무단으로' (without permission).

이벤트 당첨자 명단은 내일 홈페이지에 공개됩니다.

The list of event winners will be revealed on the homepage tomorrow.

Passive future tense.

그는 비공개로 진행되던 회의 내용을 공개해 버렸다.

He ended up revealing the contents of the meeting that was being held in private.

-어 버리다 (regrettable action).

정부는 공공기관의 경영 정보를 상시 공개하도록 규정하고 있다.

The government stipulates that management information of public institutions be disclosed at all times.

Administrative/Legal language.

이번 전시는 미공개 작품들을 중심으로 구성되었습니다.

This exhibition is centered around previously unreleased works.

Prefix '미-' (un-).

알 권리와 프라이버시 사이에서 정보 공개의 수위를 조절해야 한다.

The level of information disclosure must be adjusted between the right to know and privacy.

Abstract social discussion.

그 작가는 신작의 집필 과정을 SNS를 통해 실시간으로 공개했다.

The author revealed the writing process of their new work in real-time via SNS.

Modern digital context.

검찰은 결정적인 증거를 법정에서 공개할 방침이다.

The prosecution intends to reveal decisive evidence in court.

Noun '방침' (policy/plan).

데이터의 투명한 공개는 민주주의의 핵심 가치 중 하나이다.

Transparent disclosure of data is one of the core values of democracy.

Philosophical/Political statement.

해당 소프트웨어는 소스 코드를 공개하는 오픈 소스 방식을 채택했다.

The software adopted an open-source method that discloses the source code.

Technical context.

역사적 문헌의 공개는 과거를 재조명하는 데 큰 역할을 한다.

The disclosure of historical documents plays a major role in re-examining the past.

Historical/Academic context.

국가 안보와 직결된 사안이라 할지라도 투명한 정보 공개의 원칙은 준수되어야 한다.

Even if it is a matter directly related to national security, the principle of transparent information disclosure must be observed.

Complex conditional '-라 할지라도'.

기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)의 일환으로 환경 영향 평가 보고서를 전격 공개하기로 결정했다.

As part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), it was decided to fully disclose the environmental impact assessment report.

Corporate jargon.

디지털 시대의 정보 공개는 단순히 데이터의 나열을 넘어 해석의 민주화를 수반한다.

Information disclosure in the digital age goes beyond a simple listing of data and entails the democratization of interpretation.

Sophisticated abstract phrasing.

비밀 유지 계약(NDA) 위반으로 인해 기밀 정보가 공개되는 사태가 발생했다.

A situation occurred where confidential information was disclosed due to a breach of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA).

Legal/Business terminology.

공개와 비공개의 경계가 모호해지는 현 시점에서 개인의 정보 주권은 더욱 강조된다.

At this point in time, when the boundary between public and private is becoming blurred, individual information sovereignty is emphasized even more.

High-level sociological analysis.

정치적 외압에도 불구하고 언론은 진실을 공개하려는 사명을 저버리지 않았다.

Despite political pressure, the media did not abandon its mission to reveal the truth.

Literary/Journalistic style.

해당 유적지의 발굴 성과가 학술 대회를 통해 전 세계에 공개될 예정이다.

The excavation results of the site are scheduled to be disclosed to the world through an academic conference.

Formal passive future.

알고리즘의 편향성을 해소하기 위해 소스 코드를 공개해야 한다는 목소리가 높다.

There are loud voices calling for the disclosure of source code to resolve algorithmic bias.

Contemporary tech-ethics discussion.

Collocations courantes

정보를 공개하다

비밀을 공개하다

명단을 공개하다

사진을 공개하다

결과를 공개하다

전격 공개하다

대중에게 공개하다

언론에 공개하다

일정을 공개하다

신상을 공개하다

Phrases Courantes

공개 연애

공개 수업

공개 채용

공개 재판

정보 공개 청구

기업 공개

공개 강좌

공개 소프트웨어

비공개 계정

공개 모집

Souvent confondu avec

공개하다 vs 보여주다

Casual 'to show' vs. formal 'to make public'.

공개하다 vs 발표하다

To announce (verbal/statement) vs. to disclose (content/access).

공개하다 vs 개방하다

Physical access (opening a door/market) vs. informational access.

Expressions idiomatiques

Facile à confondre

공개하다 vs

Structures de phrases

Comment l'utiliser

nuance

It carries a sense of 'official' or 'intentional' disclosure.

formality

High. Suitable for writing and formal speeches.

Erreurs courantes

Using '공개하다' for simple personal actions like showing a friend a pencil.
Confusing '공개하다' with '개봉하다' for the theatrical release of a movie.
Forgetting to use the object particle -을/를.
Using '공개하다' when the action is just 'opening' a physical door (use '열다' instead).
Confusing '공개' (public) with '공식' (official).

Astuces

Object Marking

Always use the object particles -을/를 with the thing you are making public. This ensures your sentence structure is clear and correct.

Hanja Roots

Remembering 公 (Public) and 開 (Open) will help you understand many other related words like 공공 (public) and 개방 (opening).

Variety Show Style

If you want to sound like a Korean TV host, say '결과를... 공개합니다!' with a long pause for dramatic effect.

Privacy Settings

Look for the word '공개' in your app settings to understand how to manage your privacy in a Korean interface.

Formal Essays

Use '공개하다' instead of '보여주다' when writing formal reports or essays to sound more professional and academic.

News Keywords

When you hear '공개' on the news, get ready for a reveal of data, a list of names, or a new government policy.

Audience Matters

Use '에게' to specify who the information is being revealed to, such as '대중에게' (to the public).

Intentionality

Use '공개하다' when the act of showing is intentional and significant, not just accidental.

Passive Usage

Mastering '공개되다' will help you understand news reports where the focus is on the information itself rather than who revealed it.

Card Games

The phrase '패를 공개하다' (show one's cards) is used in business and politics to mean revealing one's strategy.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Sino-Korean word meaning to open up to the general public.

Contexte culturel

Korean media often uses '전격 공개' (sudden disclosure) to grab attention for exclusive stories.

While transparency is valued, Koreans are also very protective of personal data (개인정보), leading to strict laws on what can be '공개'ed.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"어제 공개된 티저 영상 봤어요?"

"인스타그램 계정 공개로 하세요, 비공개로 하세요?"

"연예인들의 공개 연애에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"그 영화 언제 공개되는지 알아요?"

"비밀을 친구에게 공개한 적 있어요?"

Sujets d'écriture

오늘 내가 사람들에게 공개한 비밀에 대해 써보세요.

정부가 더 많이 공개해야 하는 정보는 무엇이라고 생각하나요?

나의 일상을 SNS에 공개하는 것의 장단점은?

만약 내가 유명해진다면, 내 사생활을 공개할 수 있을까?

최근에 공개된 뉴스 중 가장 놀라웠던 것은?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

It's better to use '보여주다'. '공개하다' sounds like you are making your homework public for everyone to see, which is unusual unless it's a public display.

'발표' is the act of announcing or presenting. '공개' is the act of making the actual thing visible or accessible. You can '발표' that you will '공개' something tomorrow.

Yes, it is very common in news to say something 'was made public' using the passive form.

Yes, '정보 공개' (information disclosure) is a very common noun phrase.

The opposite of '공개' is '비공개'. For example, '비공개 계정' is a private account.

Yes, it is a standard, formal word. It is perfectly polite to use in any setting.

Usually, '개업하다' or '오픈하다' is used for stores. '공개하다' might be used if you are revealing the interior of a famous new store to the press.

It means 'pre-release' or 'early reveal,' often used for K-pop songs or drama clips.

Yes, '비밀을 공개하다' is a very common way to say 'to reveal a secret' to a group or the public.

Yes, '공개 소프트웨어' refers to open-source software.