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Vocabulaire
~은/는 반면에

B1 conjunction 9 min de lecture

~은/는 반면에

-eun/neun banmyeone

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces ~은/는 반면에 en 30 secondes

Explication ~은/는 반면에 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you usually learn '하지만' or '~지만' to say 'but.' You might not use '~은/는 반면에' yourself yet, but you can understand it as a way to show two different things. Think of it like a mirror. On one side, you see one thing, and on the other side, you see something different. For example, 'The apple is red (one side), whereas the banana is yellow (the other side).' At this level, just remember that '반면' means 'other side.' You will mostly see this in very clear comparisons in your textbook about weather (hot vs cold) or people (tall vs short). It is a bit like saying 'On the other hand' in English. Even if you don't use it, knowing it helps you understand more formal stories or news for kids.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to use more descriptive forms. You know how to use adjectives to describe nouns, like '예쁜 꽃' (pretty flower). The grammar '~은/는 반면에' uses this same rule. You take an adjective like '크다' (big) and make it '큰', then add '반면에'. This allows you to make longer sentences. Instead of two short sentences like 'I am tall. My brother is short,' you can say 'I am tall, whereas my brother is short.' This makes your Korean sound more natural and less like a beginner. You should practice using this when you talk about your hobbies or your family. For example, 'I like soccer, whereas my friend likes baseball.' It's a great way to show you can compare things clearly.

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At the B1 level, '~은/는 반면에' becomes a key tool for your speaking and writing. This is the level where you move from simple descriptions to expressing opinions and analyzing situations. You will use this structure to discuss the pros and cons of different topics, like living in the city versus the countryside. You need to be careful with the conjugation: use '~는' for verbs in the present and '~(으)ㄴ' for adjectives. You are now expected to use this in formal writing tasks, such as essays or reports. It helps you organize your thoughts logically. For example, if you are writing about a movie, you can say the acting was great, whereas the story was a bit weak. This shows a balanced and mature perspective.

At the B2 level, you should be able to use '~은/는 반면에' fluently in both speech and writing. You understand that this grammar isn't just for simple contrasts but for 'nuanced' comparisons. You might use it to describe complex social issues or economic trends. At this level, you also start to notice that the particle '에' can be dropped ('~은/는 반면') in more literary or formal contexts. You should also be able to use the past tense form '~(으)ㄴ 반면에' with verbs to compare how things were before versus how they are now. For example, 'In the past, people used letters, whereas now everyone uses smartphones.' You are also learning to pair this with the right particles (like ~는... ~는) to create perfect rhetorical balance in your arguments.

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At the C1 level, you use '~은/는 반면에' with precision and stylistic flair. You recognize its utility in academic discourse and professional debate. You can use it to contrast abstract concepts, philosophical ideas, or complex data sets. You understand the subtle difference between this and '~는 데 반해' or '~음에도 불구하고'. You might use it to set up a counter-argument before debunking it. For instance, 'While it is true that technology brings convenience (~은 반면에), we must also consider the loss of privacy.' Your usage is no longer just about 'A vs B' but about exploring the multi-faceted nature of reality. You also recognize this structure in classical literature or high-level editorials where it might be used to highlight the tragic irony of a character's situation.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '~은/는 반면에' is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You use it to navigate the most formal linguistic environments, such as legal documents, high-level diplomatic negotiations, or philosophical treatises. You are aware of the historical development of the term and its Hanja roots, allowing you to use it in ways that evoke specific scholarly registers. You can effortlessly switch between '~은/는 반면에', '~인 반면', and other sophisticated contrastive markers to maintain the flow and rhythm of your prose. At this level, the grammar is a tool for precision, allowing you to draw sharp, undeniable distinctions between complex variables in a way that is both intellectually rigorous and linguistically elegant.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

~은/는 반면에 en 30 secondes

Used to contrast two different or opposing facts in one sentence.
Functions like 'on the other hand' or 'whereas' in English.
Requires different conjugations for verbs (~는) and adjectives (~은/는).
Common in formal writing, news, and balanced analytical discussions.

The Korean grammatical structure ~은/는 반면에 is a sophisticated conjunction used to highlight a sharp contrast or a dualistic nature between two facts, situations, or characteristics. At its core, it translates most accurately to English as 'on the other hand,' 'whereas,' or 'while.' Unlike simpler contrastive markers like ~지만 (but), ~은/는 반면에 carries a more formal and analytical tone, often used when the speaker wants to provide a balanced view of a subject by presenting two opposing sides. The word 반면 (反面) literally means 'the opposite side' or 'the reverse side,' coming from the Hanja characters for 'reverse' and 'face.' Therefore, when you use this structure, you are figuratively turning a coin over to show the other side of the story.

Semantic Range: This expression is not merely for contradiction but for comparative analysis. It is frequently employed in academic writing, news reporting, and formal presentations to compare data sets or societal trends.

한국어는 문법이 복잡한 반면에 발음은 규칙적입니다. (Korean has complex grammar, whereas the pronunciation is regular.)

People use this structure when they want to avoid sounding too blunt. Instead of saying 'A is bad but B is good,' using ~은/는 반면에 allows for a more nuanced observation: 'While A has these negative aspects, B simultaneously possesses these positive attributes.' It is the hallmark of intermediate to advanced Korean proficiency because it requires the speaker to maintain a consistent logical thread across two clauses. In daily conversation, it might appear when discussing personal preferences, such as 'I like summer because of the beach, but on the other hand, I hate the humidity.'

Common Contexts: 1. Comparing siblings or friends. 2. Analyzing pros and cons of a product. 3. Describing changes in weather or economy. 4. Discussing personal strengths and weaknesses.

도시 생활은 편리한 반면에 스트레스가 많습니다. (City life is convenient, but on the other hand, it is very stressful.)

Furthermore, ~은/는 반면에 is often paired with the particle ~는 in the second clause to further emphasize the contrast. For instance, 'A는 ~은 반면에, B는 ~습니다.' This double-emphasis makes the comparison crystal clear to the listener. It is also important to note that this structure can be used with past, present, and future tenses, making it a versatile tool for any temporal context. In the modern era, you will see this constantly in YouTube product reviews where creators weigh the 'specs' against the 'price,' or in political discourse comparing different policy outcomes.

Mastering ~은/는 반면에 requires understanding the noun-modifier grammar rules of Korean. Because 반면 is a noun, the preceding verb or adjective must be conjugated into a form that can describe a noun. This leads to three primary conjugation patterns depending on the part of speech and the tense of the preceding clause.

1. Adjectives (Descriptive Verbs): For adjectives in the present tense, use ~(으)ㄴ 반면에. If the stem ends in a vowel, add ~ㄴ; if it ends in a consonant, add ~은. For example, 크다 (big) becomes 큰 반면에, and 작다 (small) becomes 작은 반면에. Special cases like 멀다 (far) drop the 'ㄹ' and become 먼 반면에.

이 식당은 음식은 맛있는 반면에 서비스는 별로예요. (This restaurant's food is delicious, but on the other hand, the service is not great.)

2. Action Verbs: For action verbs in the present tense, use ~는 반면에 regardless of whether the stem ends in a vowel or consonant. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 가는 반면에, and 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹는 반면에. If you are referring to a completed action in the past, you would use ~(으)ㄴ 반면에, such as 간 반면에 (while they went...).

수학을 잘하는 반면에 영어를 못해요. (He is good at math, whereas he is bad at English.)

3. Nouns: When using a noun, you must use the copula 이다. This results in the form ~인 반면에. For example, 겨울인 반면에 (While it is winter...).

The second clause of the sentence usually contains a contrasting fact. It is very common to see the particle ~도 or ~은/는 in the second clause to balance the sentence. For example: '낮에는 더운 반면에 밤에는 춥습니다' (It's hot during the day, whereas it's cold at night). Here, the contrast between 'day' and 'night' is sharpened by the use of the topic particles.

When constructing these sentences, ensure that the two things being compared are of the same category. You wouldn't typically compare a person's height with their favorite color using this structure. Instead, compare two personality traits, two different people's reactions to the same event, or two different time periods of the same phenomenon. This logical consistency is what makes the use of ~은/는 반면에 effective and natural.

While ~은/는 반면에 is a staple of written Korean, it is remarkably common in specific spoken contexts that require objectivity or structured thought. If you watch a Korean news broadcast, you will hear the anchors use this phrase multiple times per hour. They might say, 'The stock market for electronics rose today, 반면에 the automotive sector saw a decline.' This usage helps the listener distinguish between different segments of a report without the speaker having to repeat complex introductory phrases.

In Professional Meetings: Business professionals use this to present SWOT analyses (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). A manager might say, 'Our product has high quality, 반면에 the production cost is too high.' It sounds much more professional than using '하지만' which can sometimes sound defensive or overly simplistic in a corporate setting.

신제품은 기능이 다양한 반면에 가격이 비쌉니다. (The new product has various functions, while on the other hand, the price is expensive.)

In educational settings, teachers and lecturers use this to compare historical figures, scientific theories, or grammatical rules. For instance, 'The Joseon Dynasty focused on Confucianism, 반면에 the Goryeo Dynasty was heavily influenced by Buddhism.' This helps students create a mental map of differences. Even in variety shows or talk shows, when guests are asked to compare their current life with their trainee days, they might use this structure to express the trade-offs of fame.

You will also find it in literature and editorials. When a writer wants to highlight the internal conflict of a character or the contradictions within society, ~은/는 반면에 provides the necessary linguistic weight. It is less common in very casual, 'street-style' slang or intimate conversations between close friends where ~는데 or ~지만 are the default. However, if you use it in a conversation with a Korean friend, it shows that you have reached a level where you can express complex, multi-faceted thoughts, which usually impresses native speakers.

Social Media & Reviews: Bloggers often use this in 'Pros and Cons' sections. 'The hotel view was amazing, 반면에 the room was a bit small.' It creates a structured, trustworthy review format.

오전에는 비가 온 반면에 오후에는 맑았습니다. (It rained in the morning, whereas it was clear in the afternoon.)

One of the most frequent errors learners make with ~은/는 반면에 is incorrect conjugation, specifically confusing the rules for verbs versus adjectives. Because 반면 is a noun, you must use the adjective modifier ~(으)ㄴ for adjectives and the verb modifier ~는 for present-tense action verbs. A common mistake is saying *먹은 반면에 when you mean 'while I eat' (present), or *예쁜는 반면에 which is grammatically impossible.

Mistake 1: Tense Confusion: Learners often forget that ~(으)ㄴ 반면에 with a verb indicates the past tense. If you say '공부한 반면에,' you are saying 'While I *studied* (past)...' If you want to say 'While I *study* (present)...' you must use '공부하는 반면에.'

Incorrect: 그는 키가 크는 반면에...
Correct: 그는 키가 큰 반면에... (Since '크다' is an adjective in this context of state.)

Another common pitfall is using ~은/는 반면에 when there is no actual contrast. This grammar is strictly for opposing ideas. If you use it to connect two similar ideas, the sentence will sound nonsensical. For example, saying 'I like apples 반면에 I like oranges' is incorrect because there is no opposition. You should use ~고 (and) or ~으면서 (while) instead.

Mistake 2: Missing the Copula: When contrasting nouns, students often forget the '인'. Saying '*학생 반면에' is wrong; it must be '학생인 반면에'.

Incorrect: 형은 의사 반면에...
Correct: 형은 의사인 반면에... (While the older brother is a doctor...)

Finally, remember that the subject of the two clauses can be the same or different. However, if they are different, you must use the topic markers ~은/는 for both subjects to clearly define the contrast. Skipping these markers or using ~이/가 can sometimes make the contrast feel weaker or less deliberate. For example, '나는 공부하는 반면에 동생은 놀아요' is much more natural than '내가 공부하는 반면에 동생이 놀아요' when the goal is to highlight the difference in behavior.

Korean has several ways to express contrast, and choosing the right one depends on the context and the level of formality. The most direct alternatives to ~은/는 반면에 are ~지만, ~는데, and ~는 데 반해. Understanding the subtle differences between these will elevate your fluency.

~지만 vs. ~은/는 반면에: ~지만 is the most common way to say 'but.' It is versatile and used in almost all situations. However, ~지만 simply connects two clauses with 'but,' whereas ~은/는 반면에 specifically points out that the two facts are 'opposite sides' of a situation. ~은/는 반면에 is more formal and analytical.

비싸지만 좋아요 (It's expensive but good) vs. 비싼 반면에 품질이 우수합니다 (It's expensive, whereas the quality is superior).

~는 데 반해 vs. ~은/는 반면에: These two are almost identical in meaning. ~는 데 반해 is slightly more common in written reports and data analysis. The '데' here acts as 'case' or 'circumstance.' You can use them interchangeably in most formal contexts.

Another alternative is ~으면서도, which means 'while at the same time.' This is used when two contrasting qualities exist within the same person or thing simultaneously. While ~은/는 반면에 can also do this, ~으면서도 emphasizes the irony or the surprising nature of the coexistence. For example, '무서우면서도 재미있어요' (It's scary but fun at the same time).

~으나 / ~느니: ~으나 is a very formal, somewhat archaic version of ~지만. ~느니 is used when comparing two options and choosing one over the other (rather than... better to...). Neither is a direct replacement for the descriptive contrast of ~은/는 반면에.

In summary, choose ~은/는 반면에 when you want to sound objective, balanced, and formal. It is the 'gold standard' for comparing two distinct facts or sides of an issue without adding too much personal emotion, unlike ~는데 which often carries a suggestive or introductory nuance.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The word '반면' is also used in the phrase '동전의 양면' (two sides of a coin), which reflects the philosophical concept that every situation has a hidden or opposite side.

Guide de prononciation

UK ʌn/nɯn ban-mjeon-e

US ʌn/nɯn bɑn-mjʌn-e

Primary stress is on the first syllable of the noun 'BAN-myeon'.

Rime avec

단면에 (dan-myeon-e) 면에 (myeon-e) 면에 (myeon-e) 전면에 (jeon-myeon-e) 서면에 (seo-myeon-e) 표면에 (pyo-myeon-e) 내면에 (nae-myeon-e) 외면에 (oe-myeon-e)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing '반' as 'ban' like the English word 'ban' (it should be more like 'bahn').
Slurring the 'ㄴ' in '은' into the 'ㅂ' of '반'.
Forgetting the '에' particle which helps the flow.
Mispronouncing the 'myeon' as 'me-on'.
Putting too much stress on the modifier particle.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to the distinct '반면' keyword.

Écriture 4/5

Requires correct modifier conjugation (은 vs 는) which can be tricky for learners.

Expression orale 4/5

Used in formal or structured speech; requires planning the second half of the sentence.

Écoute 3/5

Clear markers make it easy to follow the contrast in a conversation.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

~지만 ~는데 반대 크다/작다 좋다/나쁘다

Apprends ensuite

~는 데 반해 ~음에도 불구하고 ~거니와 오히려 도리어

Avancé

대조적으로 (In contrast) 비추어 볼 때 (Considering/In light of) 상반되다 (To be contradictory)

Grammaire à connaître

Noun Modifiers (~은/는)

가는 사람, 예쁜 꽃

Topic Particle (~은/는)

나는 학생이다.

Copula (이다)

학생이다 -> 학생인

Contrastive ~지만

먹지만 배고파요.

Background ~는데

가는데 같이 갈래?

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Exemples par niveau

형은 키가 큰 반면에 동생은 작아요.

The older brother is tall, whereas the younger one is small.

크다 (adj) + ㄴ 반면에

오늘은 더운 반면에 내일은 추울 거예요.

Today is hot, whereas tomorrow will be cold.

덥다 (adj) -> 더운 반면에

이 사과는 빨간 반면에 저 사과는 초록색이에요.

This apple is red, while that apple is green.

빨갛다 (adj) -> 빨간 반면에

낮에는 밝은 반면에 밤에는 어두워요.

It is bright during the day, whereas it is dark at night.

밝다 (adj) + 은 반면에

나는 우유를 좋아하는 반면에 친구는 싫어해요.

I like milk, whereas my friend hates it.

좋아하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

바다는 넓은 반면에 강은 좁아요.

The sea is wide, whereas the river is narrow.

넓다 (adj) + 은 반면에

겨울은 추운 반면에 여름은 더워요.

Winter is cold, whereas summer is hot.

춥다 (adj) -> 추운 반면에

이 책은 재미있는 반면에 저 책은 지루해요.

This book is interesting, whereas that book is boring.

재미있다 (adj/verb-like) + 는 반면에

제주도는 바람이 많은 반면에 서울은 건물이 많아요.

Jeju Island has a lot of wind, whereas Seoul has many buildings.

많다 (adj) + 은 반면에

아버지는 요리를 잘하시는 반면에 어머니는 청소를 잘하세요.

Father is good at cooking, while Mother is good at cleaning.

잘하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

비행기는 빠른 반면에 기차는 풍경을 볼 수 있어요.

Planes are fast, whereas on trains you can see the scenery.

빠르다 (adj) -> 빠른 반면에

커피는 쓴 반면에 케이크는 달아요.

Coffee is bitter, whereas cake is sweet.

쓰다 (adj) -> 쓴 반면에

평일에는 바쁜 반면에 주말에는 한가해요.

I'm busy on weekdays, whereas I'm free on weekends.

바쁘다 (adj) -> 바쁜 반면에

이 옷은 예쁜 반면에 가격이 너무 비싸요.

These clothes are pretty, but on the other hand, the price is too high.

예쁘다 (adj) -> 예쁜 반면에

수영은 재미있는 반면에 축구는 힘들어요.

Swimming is fun, whereas soccer is tiring.

재미있다 (adj) + 는 반면에

버스는 싼 반면에 지하철은 더 빨라요.

Buses are cheap, whereas the subway is faster.

싸다 (adj) -> 싼 반면에

도시 생활은 편리한 반면에 공기가 좋지 않아요.

City life is convenient, whereas the air is not good.

편리하다 (adj) -> 편리한 반면에

그 배우는 연기는 잘하는 반면에 성격은 별로라고 해요.

That actor acts well, whereas their personality is said to be not so great.

잘하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

인터넷 쇼핑은 편한 반면에 직접 볼 수 없다는 단점이 있어요.

Online shopping is convenient, but it has the disadvantage of not being able to see items in person.

편하다 (adj) -> 편한 반면에

외국어 공부는 어려운 반면에 보람이 있어요.

Studying a foreign language is difficult, but on the other hand, it is rewarding.

어렵다 (adj) -> 어려운 반면에

이 스마트폰은 기능이 많은 반면에 배터리가 빨리 닳아요.

This smartphone has many features, whereas the battery drains quickly.

많다 (adj) + 은 반면에

전통 시장은 정이 넘치는 반면에 대형 마트는 현대적이에요.

Traditional markets are full of warmth, whereas large marts are modern.

넘치다 (verb) + 는 반면에

그는 말은 잘하는 반면에 실천은 하지 않아요.

He speaks well, whereas he doesn't put it into practice.

잘하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

어제는 날씨가 좋았던 반면에 오늘은 비가 많이 오네요.

The weather was good yesterday, whereas it's raining a lot today.

좋았다 (past) + 던/ㄴ 반면에

대기업은 연봉이 높은 반면에 업무 강도가 매우 높습니다.

Large corporations have high salaries, whereas the work intensity is very high.

높다 (adj) + 은 반면에

이 신도시는 교통은 편리한 반면에 교육 시설이 부족합니다.

This new city has convenient transportation, whereas educational facilities are lacking.

편리하다 (adj) -> 편리한 반면에

그 소설은 묘사가 뛰어난 반면에 전개가 다소 느린 편입니다.

That novel has excellent descriptions, whereas the plot development is somewhat slow.

뛰어나다 (adj) -> 뛰어난 반면에

재택근무는 시간이 자유로운 반면에 업무와 휴식의 경계가 모호합니다.

Working from home offers flexible hours, whereas the boundary between work and rest is blurred.

자유롭다 (adj) -> 자유로운 반면에

수출은 증가한 반면에 내수 시장은 침체되고 있습니다.

Exports have increased, whereas the domestic market is stagnating.

증가하다 (verb) + ㄴ 반면에 (past/result)

그 후보는 지지율은 높은 반면에 반대 세력도 만만치 않습니다.

That candidate has a high approval rating, whereas the opposition is also significant.

높다 (adj) + 은 반면에

이 약은 효과는 빠른 반면에 부작용의 위험이 있습니다.

This medicine is fast-acting, but on the other hand, there is a risk of side effects.

빠르다 (adj) -> 빠른 반면에

자원봉사는 몸은 힘든 반면에 마음은 아주 행복해집니다.

Volunteering is physically tiring, whereas the heart becomes very happy.

힘들다 (adj) -> 힘든 반면에

현대 문명은 물질적 풍요를 가져온 반면에 정신적 빈곤을 초래하기도 했습니다.

Modern civilization brought material abundance, whereas it also resulted in spiritual poverty.

가져오다 (verb) + ㄴ 반면에

디지털 기술은 정보의 민주화를 이룬 반면에 가짜 뉴스의 확산이라는 부작용도 낳았습니다.

Digital technology achieved the democratization of information, whereas it also gave birth to the side effect of spreading fake news.

이루다 (verb) + ㄴ 반면에

그 정책은 경제 성장을 견인한 반면에 빈부 격차를 심화시켰다는 비판을 받습니다.

The policy drove economic growth, whereas it faces criticism for deepening the gap between the rich and the poor.

견인하다 (verb) + ㄴ 반면에

인간은 이성적인 존재인 반면에 때로는 감정에 휘둘리기도 하는 모순적인 존재입니다.

Humans are rational beings, whereas they are also contradictory beings who are sometimes swayed by emotions.

존재이다 (noun + copula) -> 존재인 반면에

자유 무역은 전체적인 부를 증대시키는 반면에 특정 산업군에는 타격을 줄 수 있습니다.

Free trade increases overall wealth, whereas it can deal a blow to specific industrial sectors.

증대시키다 (verb) + 는 반면에

고전 음악은 형식미를 강조하는 반면에 낭만주의 음악은 감정의 분출을 중시합니다.

Classical music emphasizes formal beauty, whereas Romantic music values the eruption of emotion.

강조하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

인공지능은 작업의 효율성을 극대화하는 반면에 인간의 일자리를 위협한다는 우려가 있습니다.

AI maximizes task efficiency, whereas there are concerns that it threatens human jobs.

극대화하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

이 이론은 현상을 설명하는 데 탁월한 반면에 예측력에 있어서는 한계를 보입니다.

This theory is excellent at explaining phenomena, whereas it shows limitations in predictive power.

탁월하다 (adj) -> 탁월한 반면에

권위주의 체제는 신속한 의사결정이 가능한 반면에 시민의 기본권을 억압할 위험이 농후합니다.

Authoritarian regimes allow for rapid decision-making, whereas there is a high risk of suppressing citizens' fundamental rights.

가능하다 (adj) -> 가능한 반면에

과학 기술의 발전은 인류에게 무한한 가능성을 열어준 반면에 핵무기와 같은 파멸의 씨앗도 함께 심었습니다.

The advancement of science and technology opened infinite possibilities for humanity, whereas it also planted seeds of destruction like nuclear weapons.

열어주다 (verb) + ㄴ 반면에

대의 민주주의는 효율적인 국정 운영을 도모하는 반면에 민의가 왜곡될 수 있다는 구조적 결함을 안고 있습니다.

Representative democracy aims for efficient national management, whereas it carries structural flaws where the public will can be distorted.

도모하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

예술적 천재성은 종종 세상을 밝히는 등불이 되는 반면에 당사자에게는 고독이라는 형벌이 되기도 합니다.

Artistic genius often becomes a lamp that lights up the world, whereas for the person involved, it can become a punishment called loneliness.

되다 (verb) + 는 반면에

시장 경제는 효율적인 자원 배분을 가능케 하는 반면에 시장 실패로 인한 불평등을 필연적으로 수반합니다.

A market economy enables efficient resource allocation, whereas it inevitably entails inequality caused by market failure.

가능케 하다 (verb) + 는 반면에

언어는 소통의 도구인 반면에 때로는 오해와 갈등의 근원이 되기도 하는 양날의 검입니다.

Language is a tool for communication, whereas it is a double-edged sword that sometimes becomes the source of misunderstanding and conflict.

도구이다 (noun + copula) -> 도구인 반면에

법치주의는 사회 질서를 유지하는 근간인 반면에 법의 자의적 해석에 따른 남용의 여지가 존재합니다.

The rule of law is the foundation for maintaining social order, whereas there is room for abuse due to arbitrary interpretation of the law.

근간이다 (noun + copula) -> 근간인 반면에

글로벌화는 문화적 다양성을 증진시킨 반면에 지역 고유의 문화를 퇴색시켰다는 비판에서 자유롭지 못합니다.

Globalization promoted cultural diversity, whereas it is not free from the criticism that it faded local unique cultures.

증진시키다 (verb) + ㄴ 반면에

Collocations courantes

장점인 반면에

편리한 반면에

증가한 반면에

잘하는 반면에

조용한 반면에

비싼 반면에

어려운 반면에

빠른 반면에

밝은 반면에

풍부한 반면에

Phrases Courantes

말은 잘하는 반면에

— Someone talks a good game but doesn't act.

그는 말은 잘하는 반면에 행동은 느려요.

겉은 화려한 반면에

— Something looks fancy on the outside but is different inside.

겉은 화려한 반면에 속은 텅 비어 있다.

돈은 많은 반면에

— Having lots of money but lacking something else (like time).

돈은 많은 반면에 시간이 없어요.

키는 큰 반면에

— Commonly used when comparing siblings' heights.

형은 키는 큰 반면에 동생은 작아요.

성격은 급한 반면에

— Describing someone with a hasty personality but other traits.

성격은 급한 반면에 일은 꼼꼼해요.

머리는 좋은 반면에

— Being smart but perhaps lazy.

머리는 좋은 반면에 노력을 안 해요.

얼굴은 예쁜 반면에

— Used to contrast looks with personality.

얼굴은 예쁜 반면에 마음씨는 나빠요.

공부는 못하는 반면에

— Bad at studying but good at something else.

공부는 못하는 반면에 운동은 천재예요.

겨울은 추운 반면에

— Standard weather contrast starter.

겨울은 추운 반면에 여름은 너무 더워요.

음식은 맛있는 반면에

— Great food but bad service/price.

음식은 맛있는 반면에 서비스는 불친절해요.

Souvent confondu avec

~은/는 반면에 vs ~는데

Used for background info; ~은/는 반면에 is for strict contrast.

~은/는 반면에 vs ~지만

~지만 is a simple 'but'; ~은/는 반면에 is more analytical 'whereas'.

~은/는 반면에 vs ~으면서

~으면서 means 'while doing' (simultaneous action), not contrast.

Expressions idiomatiques

"빛 좋은 개살구인 반면에"

— Looking good but having no substance, while something else is better.

이 계획은 빛 좋은 개살구인 반면에 저 계획은 실속이 있다.

Idiomatic

"동전의 양면인 반면에"

— Being two sides of the same coin.

기술은 편리한 반면에 위험하기도 한 동전의 양면입니다.

Metaphorical

"겉 다르고 속 다른 반면에"

— Being different inside and out.

그는 겉 다르고 속 다른 반면에 동생은 정직하다.

Idiomatic

"그림의 떡인 반면에"

— Something unattainable vs something real.

승진은 그림의 떡인 반면에 야근은 현실이다.

Colloquial

"우물 안 개구리인 반면에"

— Being narrow-minded vs broad-minded.

그는 우물 안 개구리인 반면에 그녀는 세계를 안다.

Idiomatic

"천지 차이인 반면에"

— Being a world of difference.

가격은 비슷한 반면에 품질은 천지 차이입니다.

Colloquial

"금상첨화인 반면에"

— Adding beauty to beauty vs something making it worse.

이 기능은 금상첨화인 반면에 저 기능은 불필요하다.

Idiomatic

"설상가상인 반면에"

— Misfortune upon misfortune vs a lucky break.

어제는 설상가상인 반면에 오늘은 운이 좋았다.

Idiomatic

"일석이조인 반면에"

— Killing two birds with one stone vs wasting effort.

이 방법은 일석이조인 반면에 저 방법은 비효율적이다.

Idiomatic

"작심삼일인 반면에"

— Giving up after three days vs being persistent.

나는 작심삼일인 반면에 친구는 꾸준하다.

Idiomatic

Facile à confondre

~은/는 반면에 vs 반대로

Both mean 'opposite'.

반대로 is an adverb (on the contrary), while 반면에 is a conjunction (whereas).

그는 반대로 행동했다. vs 그는 키가 큰 반면에...

~은/는 반면에 vs 하지만

Both show contrast.

하지만 starts a new sentence; 반면에 connects clauses within a sentence.

하지만 추워요. vs 낮은 더운 반면에...

~은/는 반면에 vs 오히려

Shows contrast.

오히려 means 'rather' or 'on the contrary' (unexpected result).

도와주려다 오히려 방해했다.

~은/는 반면에 vs 거꾸로

Means 'upside down' or 'backwards'.

거꾸로 is physical or directional; 반면에 is logical/situational.

옷을 거꾸로 입었다.

~은/는 반면에 vs 대조적으로

Means 'in contrast'.

대조적으로 is much more formal and usually starts a sentence.

대조적으로, 이 수치는 낮습니다.

Structures de phrases

A는 [Adj]ㄴ/은 반면에 B는 [Adj]다

형은 큰 반면에 동생은 작아요.

A는 [Verb]는 반면에 B는 [Verb]ㄴ다

나는 공부하는 반면에 동생은 놀아요.

[Noun]인 반면에

낮인 반면에 밤처럼 어두워요.

[Verb]ㄴ/은 반면에 (Past)

어제는 비가 온 반면에 오늘은 맑아요.

[Adj]았던/었던 반면에

예전에는 좋았던 반면에 지금은 별로예요.

[Sentence A]. 반면, [Sentence B]

경제가 성장했다. 반면, 실업률도 늘었다.

A인 반면 B이기도 하다

그는 천재인 반면 광인이기도 하다.

[Formal Context] ~하는 반면 ~하는 측면이 있다

효율을 높이는 반면 인권을 침해하는 측면이 있다.

Famille de mots

Noms

반면 (opposite side)

양면 (both sides)

정면 (front side)

측면 (aspect/side)

Verbes

반하다 (to be contrary to)

반대하다 (to oppose)

Adjectifs

반대되는 (opposing)

Apparenté

~는 데 반해

반사 (reflection)

반비례 (inverse proportion)

반전 (twist)

반항 (resistance)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very frequent in written Korean, media, and formal speech.

Erreurs courantes

Using ~는 for adjectives. → Using ~(으)ㄴ for adjectives.
Adjectives need the adjective-modifier form. '좋는 반면에' (X) -> '좋은 반면에' (O).
Using it to connect similar ideas. → Using ~고 or ~으며 for similar ideas.
This grammar is only for contrast. You can't say 'I like apples 반면에 I like pears.'
Forgetting '인' for nouns. → Using '인 반면에'.
Nouns must be followed by the copula '이다' before '반면에'. '학생 반면에' (X) -> '학생인 반면에' (O).
Confusing past and present verbs. → ~는 (present) vs ~(으)ㄴ (past).
'공부하는 반면에' means 'while I study', '공부한 반면에' means 'while I studied'.
Using it in very casual slang. → Using ~지만 or ~는데.
It can sound overly formal or robotic in a casual chat about what to eat for lunch.

Astuces

Verb vs Adjective

Always check if the word is a verb or adjective. '크다' (adj) -> 큰 반면에. '먹다' (verb) -> 먹는 반면에. This is the #1 mistake!

The Particle Balance

Try to use 'A는 ~은/는 반면에 B는 ~'. The matching topic particles make your sentence sound much more balanced and professional.

Hanja Power

Remembering that '면' means 'side' helps you remember other words like '정면' (front) and '이면' (hidden side).

Intonation

Put a slight emphasis on the '반' to signal to the listener that a contrast is coming.

Formal Reports

In reports, use '~는 데 반해' as a high-level alternative to avoid repeating '~은/는 반면에' too much.

Appropriate Use

Use this grammar when you want to show you've thought about both sides of an issue. It shows maturity.

News Practice

Watch the Korean evening news. You will hear this phrase almost every time they compare economic data.

Contrast Pairs

Practice by making pairs: '덥다/춥다', '빠르다/느리다', '비싸다/싸다' using this grammar.

Logical Flow

Ensure the two clauses are actually related. Comparing 'Apples are red' with 'I am a student' using this grammar doesn't work.

Past Retrospective

Use '~던 반면에' to contrast how something used to be with a different past state.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'BAN' (block) on one side and a 'MYEON' (noodle) on the other. They are totally different! 반면에!

Association visuelle

Imagine a coin flipping in the air. One side is heads (Clause A), the other side is tails (Clause B). The flip is '반면에'.

Word Web

반대 (Opposite) 반사 (Reflection) 반면 (Other side) 면 (Side/Face) 정면 (Front) 후면 (Back) 내면 (Inside) 외면 (Outside)

Défi

Try to describe your best friend using three sentences with '~은/는 반면에' comparing them to yourself.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Hanja word '반면' (反面). '反' (반) means 'reverse' or 'opposite', and '面' (면) means 'face' or 'side'.

Sens originel : The reverse side of an object or the opposite face of a situation.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based grammar).

Contexte culturel

Be careful when comparing people; using this to contrast someone's 'bad' traits can sound very clinical and harsh if not used with softer endings.

English speakers use 'but' for everything, but in Korean, using '~은/는 반면에' makes you sound like an intellectual or a fair judge.

Korean news reports on the economy often use '수출은 증가한 반면에...' (Exports increased whereas...). Documentaries about the DMZ often contrast the nature (beautiful) vs the tension (high). Product reviews on Naver Blogs.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Product Reviews

품질은 좋은 반면에
가격은 비싼 반면에
배송은 빠른 반면에
디자인은 예쁜 반면에

Comparing People

성격은 좋은 반면에
키는 작은 반면에
말은 많은 반면에
재능은 있는 반면에

Weather Reports

낮에는 더운 반면에
오전에는 비가 온 반면에
산간 지방은 추운 반면에
내륙은 맑은 반면에

Economic News

물가는 오른 반면에
수입은 줄어든 반면에
투자는 활발한 반면에
소비는 위축된 반면에

Personal Opinions

장점인 반면에
편리한 반면에
재미있는 반면에
힘든 반면에

Amorces de conversation

"한국어 공부는 재미있는 반면에 무엇이 가장 힘들어요? (Korean study is fun, but what is the hardest part?)"

"도시 생활은 편리한 반면에 어떤 점이 불편하세요? (City life is convenient, but what points are inconvenient?)"

"당신의 성격은 어떤 장점이 있는 반면에 어떤 단점이 있나요? (What strengths does your personality have, whereas what are its weaknesses?)"

"우리 회사는 복지는 좋은 반면에 업무량은 어떤가요? (Our company has good welfare, but how is the workload?)"

"이 영화는 영상미는 뛰어난 반면에 스토리는 어땠어요? (This movie has great visuals, but how was the story?)"

Sujets d'écriture

내가 좋아하는 계절의 장점인 반면에 단점에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about the pros vs cons of your favorite season.)

나와 가장 친한 친구의 성격을 비교해서 써 보세요. (Compare your personality with your best friend's.)

인터넷의 긍정적인 반면에 부정적인 영향에 대해 논해 보세요. (Discuss the positive vs negative impacts of the internet.)

고향과 지금 사는 곳의 차이점을 '~은/는 반면에'를 사용해 써 보세요. (Write differences between your hometown and where you live now.)

어린 시절과 지금의 나의 모습을 대조해 보세요. (Contrast your childhood self with your current self.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Yes. For verbs, use '~(으)ㄴ 반면에' (e.g., 먹은 반면에). For adjectives, use '~았던/었던 반면에' (e.g., 좋았던 반면에).

There is no difference in meaning. Adding '에' is more common in speech, while omitting it is slightly more formal and common in writing.

No. It is strictly for contrast. Using it for similar things will sound very strange to native speakers.

It is grammatically correct, but it might sound a bit too formal or 'stiff' in a very casual setting. '~지만' is usually better for friends.

It becomes '인 반면에'. For example, '의사인 반면에' (While being a doctor).

Yes, '있다' and '없다' take '~는'. So, '있는 반면에' and '없는 반면에'.

Yes, you can start a sentence with '반면,' or '반면에,' to mean 'On the other hand,'.

反 (반 - reverse) and 面 (면 - face/side).

Not necessarily. It can contrast two positive things, two negative things, or one of each.

Yes, it is very common for comparing the traits or actions of two different people.

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