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B1 noun 9 min de lecture

задание

A piece of work to be done

At the A1 level, 'задание' is one of the first nouns you will learn related to the classroom. It is almost always paired with the adjective 'домашнее' (home) to mean 'homework'. At this stage, you should focus on the simple phrase 'домашнее задание' and the verb 'делать' (to do). You might hear your teacher say 'Ваше задание на сегодня...' (Your task for today is...). It is a neuter noun, so remember it ends in 'e'. You don't need to worry about complex cases yet, just recognize it in the context of school and study. It is a vital word for survival in a Russian language course. For an A1 student, 'задание' is the thing you write in your notebook at the end of class. You should also be able to say 'Я сделал задание' (I did the assignment) or 'Это простое задание' (This is a simple task). Don't confuse it with 'здание' (building), which sounds similar but has no 'а'. Focus on the 'за-' prefix which often implies something set or fixed. Even at this basic level, understanding that 'задание' is something given to you by someone else helps set the stage for more advanced usage later on.

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As an A2 learner, you start to see 'задание' outside of just 'homework'. You will encounter it in textbooks as 'Задание 1', 'Задание 2', etc., introducing you to the idea of a 'task' or 'exercise' within a test. You should begin practicing the plural form 'задания' and the genitive plural 'заданий' (e.g., 'много заданий' - many tasks). You might also start using it in a basic work context: 'Мой начальник дал мне задание' (My boss gave me a task). At this level, you should also be aware of the verb 'выполнять' (to fulfill/execute), which is a more formal and accurate way to say 'do' an assignment than just 'делать'. You are moving beyond simple school phrases into the territory of following instructions. You might also encounter 'тестовое задание' if you are looking for basic jobs or internships. The key for A2 is realizing that 'задание' is a countable unit of work. You can have one, two, or many. This contrasts with the uncountable 'работа' (work in general). You should be able to describe the difficulty of a task: 'Это было трудное задание' (That was a difficult task).

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'задание' in a variety of professional and social contexts. You should understand the difference between 'задание' and 'задача'. While 'задача' is a problem to solve (like in math) or a goal, 'задание' is the specific instruction or assignment. You will likely encounter 'техническое задание' (ТЗ) if you work in any technical field. B1 learners should also be comfortable with the instrumental case construction 'работать над заданием' (to work on a task). You might hear phrases like 'получить задание' (to receive a task) or 'справиться с заданием' (to cope with/manage a task). This level also introduces the military or spy context through movies and literature, where 'секретное задание' (secret mission) is a common trope. You should be able to discuss your daily responsibilities using this word: 'Сегодня у меня много мелких заданий' (Today I have many small tasks). Your grammar should be more precise, correctly declining 'задание' through all six cases. You should also understand the 'по заданию + Genitive' construction, meaning 'by order of' or 'on the instructions of'.

By B2, you should have a nuanced grasp of 'задание' and its place in formal Russian. You will encounter it in official documents, project management, and higher-level academic writing. You should understand collocations like 'индивидуальное задание' (individual assignment) or 'дистанционное задание' (remote task). At this level, you can use 'задание' to discuss complex project requirements, such as 'соответствовать техническому заданию' (to comply with the technical specification). You should also be familiar with the word's role in the 'ЕГЭ' (Unified State Exam) and other standardized tests, where the structure of 'задания' is strictly defined. B2 learners should be able to use the word metaphorically or in more abstract senses, such as a 'творческое задание' (creative task) in an art or literature context. You should also be able to distinguish 'задание' from 'поручение' (errand/commission), where the latter implies a more personal delegation of authority. Your ability to use 'задание' in the passive voice—'задание было выполнено' (the task was completed)—is also expected at this level.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'задание' should be indistinguishable from a native speaker's in professional settings. You should understand the subtle bureaucratic and legal implications of the word. For instance, 'государственное задание' refers to a specific state-funded mandate for an organization to provide services. You should be able to discuss the 'формулировка задания' (the wording of the task) and how it affects the outcome. C1 learners should also recognize the word in historical and literary contexts, where 'задание' might refer to a person's 'calling' or a 'mission' in a grander, more philosophical sense (though 'миссия' or 'предназначение' are more common for this, 'задание' can be used for a specific divinely or historically ordained task). You should be comfortable using the word in complex syntactic structures, such as 'В соответствии с полученным заданием...' (In accordance with the received task...). You also understand the nuance of using 'задание' in journalism, such as 'редакционное задание' (editorial assignment), and the ethical implications of how such tasks are carried out.

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At the C2 level, you possess a complete mastery of 'задание', including its most obscure and formal applications. You can analyze the etymological connection between 'задание' and other words from the root '-да-' and how this affects the semantic field of 'giving' and 'receiving' in Russian culture. You are familiar with 'задание' in the context of high-level government decrees and strategic planning documents. You can use the word to discuss the philosophy of education—how 'задания' shape the cognitive development of students. You understand the nuances of register, knowing exactly when 'задание' sounds too formal and when it is the only appropriate word for a specific bureaucratic directive. You can also appreciate and use the word in wordplay or high-level rhetoric. For a C2 speaker, 'задание' is not just a word for a task; it is a tool for defining the boundaries of responsibility, the scope of a project, and the nature of duty in the Russian-speaking world. You can effortlessly switch between the mundane 'домашнее задание' and the highly specialized 'проектное задание' in a complex architectural brief.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

задание en 30 secondes

A neuter noun meaning assignment, task, or mission given by an authority.
Commonly used for school homework (домашнее задание) and work tasks.
Distinct from 'задача' (problem/goal) as it focuses on the instruction given.
Follows soft neuter declension; plural is 'задания', genitive plural 'заданий'.

The Russian word задание (zadaniye) is a fundamental neuter noun that English speakers primarily translate as 'task', 'assignment', or 'mission'. At its core, it refers to a specific piece of work or a directive given to someone by an authority figure, such as a teacher, a manager, or a military commander. The word is intrinsically linked to the concept of 'giving', as it is derived from the root -да- (to give), suggesting that a задание is something 'handed down' or 'assigned' to be completed.

Educational Context: In schools and universities, this is the most common word for any schoolwork. 'Домашнее задание' (homework) is a phrase every Russian student knows intimately. It implies a specific set of exercises or reading required for the next lesson.

Учитель дал нам очень сложное задание на выходные.

Beyond the classroom, задание transitions into the professional and official spheres. In an office, a 'техническое задание' (often abbreviated as ТЗ) refers to a technical specification or a project brief. It is the roadmap that a developer or designer must follow to satisfy a client's requirements. This usage highlights the word's nuance of precision and instruction; it is not just any 'work' (работа), but work governed by specific parameters.

Military and Espionage: In thrillers or historical accounts, you will hear 'боевое задание' (combat mission) or 'секретное задание' (secret mission). Here, the word takes on a more serious, high-stakes tone, implying a duty that must be performed for the state or a cause.

Агент получил секретное задание и немедленно отправился в путь.

It is important to distinguish задание from задача. While both can mean 'task', задача often refers to a problem that needs solving (like a math problem) or a broader goal. Задание is the instruction itself. If your 'задача' is to increase sales, your 'задание' for the morning might be to call five specific clients. One is the objective; the other is the assignment.

Выполнение этого задания поможет нам достичь общей цели.

Creative and Artistic Use: Even in art schools, a teacher might give a 'творческое задание' (creative assignment), such as painting a landscape in a specific style. This shows that the word isn't limited to dry, technical tasks but applies to any guided activity.

Нам дали интересное творческое задание: написать рассказ о будущем.

In summary, use задание whenever work is delegated. Whether it is a simple homework exercise, a complex engineering specification, or a dangerous spy mission, if someone said 'do this', the 'this' is your задание. It is a versatile, essential word for navigating any structured environment in Russia, from the primary school classroom to the corporate boardroom.

Using задание correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical behavior as a neuter noun ending in -ие. This means it follows the soft declension pattern for neuter nouns. For example, in the plural, it becomes задания. When you are talking about 'doing' a task, you will most frequently use the verbs выполнять (imperfective) or выполнить (perfective), which mean 'to fulfill' or 'to complete'.

The Verb 'To Give': Since the word itself comes from the root 'to give', the verb давать/дать is its most natural partner. A boss 'gives' a task to an employee.

Директор дал мне задание подготовить отчет к пятнице.

When you want to say you are currently working on something, you use the preposition над (over/on) followed by the instrumental case. So, 'I am working on the assignment' becomes 'Я работаю над заданием'. This construction is very common in academic and professional settings to indicate ongoing effort.

Completing the Task: While 'делать' (to do) is understood, 'выполнять' (to execute/fulfill) is more professional and accurate for 'completing an assignment'.

Студент успешно выполнил все тестовые задания.

You can also 'receive' a task (получать/получить задание). This is common when describing the start of a project or a military operation. If the task is difficult, you might describe it as 'трудоёмкое задание' (labor-intensive task) or 'невыполнимое задание' (impossible task—famously used in the Russian title for 'Mission: Impossible').

Мы получили новое задание от руководства компании.

Specific Types of Assignments: Use 'тестовое задание' for a pre-employment test, and 'индивидуальное задание' for a personalized task.

Каждый ученик получил индивидуальное задание в зависимости от его уровня.

Finally, consider the phrase 'по заданию' followed by the genitive. This means 'on the instructions of' or 'by order of'. For example, 'по заданию редакции' means 'on the instructions of the editorial board'. This is a formal way to indicate who authorized the work.

Журналист отправился в зону конфликта по заданию своей газеты.

By mastering these patterns—giving, receiving, working on, and fulfilling a задание—you will be able to describe almost any directed activity in Russian with precision and natural flow.

The word задание is ubiquitous in Russian life, resonating through various social spheres. If you are in a Russian-speaking environment, you will encounter it daily, though the context will shift the emotional weight of the word significantly. From the mundane to the heroic, it is a word that defines expectations.

In the Education System: This is arguably where the word is heard most. Teachers end lessons by saying, 'Запишите домашнее задание' (Write down the homework). On exam papers (like the EGE - Russia's standardized test), you will see 'Задание №1', 'Задание №2', and so on.

В первом задании теста нужно выбрать правильный вариант ответа.

In the modern Russian workplace, especially in the IT and creative sectors, 'задание' is often part of the 'ТЗ' (Tehnicheskoye Zadaniye). You'll hear project managers asking, 'Вы уже ознакомились с ТЗ?' (Have you already familiarized yourself with the technical spec?). It sounds professional and structured. If a task is particularly urgent, a colleague might call it a 'срочное задание' (urgent task).

Pop Culture and Media: Watch any Russian action movie or play a video game, and you'll hear 'задание' constantly. 'Миссия невыполнима' (Mission Impossible) uses 'миссия', but most other missions are 'задания'. In games like 'The Witcher' or 'Cyberpunk 2077' localized in Russian, your quest log is titled 'Задания'.

Чтобы пройти этот уровень, нужно выполнить дополнительное задание.

In the news, you might hear it in a more formal, slightly ominous context: 'по заданию спецслужб' (on the instructions of the special forces). This highlights the word's use in state and security narratives. It suggests an operative acting under orders, removing personal agency and emphasizing duty.

Daily Life and Errands: Even at home, a parent might jokingly give a child a 'задание' to clean their room. 'Вот тебе задание: убери игрушки'. It frames the chore as a formal task, sometimes to encourage the child to take it seriously.

Мама дала мне задание сходить в магазин за хлебом.

Lastly, in the world of recruitment, the 'тестовое задание' is the standard way to vet candidates. After an interview, you might receive an email saying, 'Мы высылаем вам тестовое задание'. It is the hurdle between the interview and the job offer. As you can see, from the first grade to the highest levels of government and industry, 'задание' is the word that signals it is time to get to work.

Navigating the word задание can be tricky for English speakers due to its similarity to other words and its specific grammatical gender. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Russian sound much more natural and precise.

Confusing 'Задание' with 'Задача': This is the #1 mistake. 'Задача' is a problem or a goal (e.g., a math problem or a strategic objective). 'Задание' is an assignment or instruction. If you say 'Я решаю задание' (I am solving an assignment), it sounds odd. You 'решаешь задачу' (solve a problem) but 'выполняешь задание' (fulfill an assignment).

Ошибка: Я решаю домашнее задание. (Correct: Я делаю/выполняю домашнее задание).

Another common error is getting the gender wrong. Задание ends in -ие, which makes it neuter. Many learners mistakenly treat it as feminine because it ends in 'e' (which they confuse with 'a') or masculine. This affects all accompanying adjectives and verbs in the past tense.

Plural Genitive Confusion: The genitive plural of 'задание' is 'заданий'. Learners often try to say 'заданиев' or 'задания'. Remember: nouns ending in -ие usually have a genitive plural ending in -ий.

В учебнике много интересных заданий.

Using 'работать' incorrectly: English speakers often say 'I am working on my task' and translate it literally. While 'работать над заданием' is correct, people often forget the instrumental case ('заданием') and use the accusative or nominative instead. Always pair 'над' with the instrumental.

Confusing with 'Здание': Be careful with spelling! 'Здание' (zdaniye) means 'building'. 'Задание' (zadaniye) means 'assignment'. One little 'а' makes a huge difference. You don't want to say you are 'doing a building' or 'entering an assignment'.

Это высокое здание (building) находится в центре города.

Finally, overusing 'задание' where 'упражнение' (exercise) is more appropriate. In a textbook, a specific drill (like 'fill in the blanks') is an 'упражнение'. While 'задание' can cover it, 'упражнение' is more specific for practice drills. 'Задание' is the broader command to do those drills.

To truly master Russian, you need to know when to reach for задание and when to choose a synonym. The Russian language is rich with words for 'work' and 'tasks', each carrying a distinct flavor and level of formality.

Задание vs. Задача: As mentioned, 'задание' is the assignment given to you. 'Задача' is the problem to solve or the goal to achieve. If a boss says 'Your task is to fix the server', he might call the whole goal a 'задача', but the specific instructions he gives you are the 'задание'.

Наша главная задача — выжить, а твоё задание — найти воду.

Another alternative is поручение. This word specifically means a 'commission' or an 'errand'. It implies a more personal level of trust. A 'задание' can be anonymous or for a whole class, but a 'поручение' is usually given to a specific person to act on behalf of another.

Упражнение (Exercise): In textbooks, you'll see 'Упражнение 5'. This is a specific drill meant for practice. While doing the 'упражнение' is your 'задание', the word 'упражнение' focuses on the repetitive, skill-building nature of the work.

Сделайте это грамматическое упражнение дома.

Работа (Work): The most general word. 'У меня много работы' (I have a lot of work). You use 'задание' when you want to count individual pieces of work. You can have 'три задания' (three tasks), but 'три работы' would mean three different jobs or three distinct works of art.

Эта работа займет много времени, хотя задание кажется простым.

In business, you might also hear кейс (case) or проект (project). A 'проект' is a large-scale endeavor consisting of many 'заданий'. A 'кейс' is usually a specific example or a problem-based task used in interviews. Understanding these overlaps helps you navigate the professional Russian landscape with confidence.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Neutre

Informel

Child friendly

Argot

Le savais-tu ?

The root '-да-' is one of the most productive in Russian, giving birth to hundreds of words related to giving, selling, passing, and even luck.

Guide de prononciation

UK /zɐˈdanʲɪje/

US /zəˈdɑːniə/

On the second syllable: за-дА-ни-е.

Rime avec

здание (building) сознание (consciousness) внимание (attention) знание (knowledge) желание (desire) признание (recognition) ожидание (waiting) собрание (meeting)

Erreurs fréquentes

Stressing the first syllable (ZAdaniye) - incorrect.
Stressing the last syllable (zadanyE) - incorrect.
Pronouncing the final 'e' like 'a' - incorrect.
Confusing with 'здание' (building) by omitting the 'a'.
Hardening the 'n' before 'i'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to frequent usage.

Écriture 3/5

Spelling is generally consistent, but watch the neuter endings.

Expression orale 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once stress is learned.

Écoute 2/5

Distinct sound, unlikely to be confused except with 'здание'.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

дать делать дом учитель работа

Apprends ensuite

выполнять задача поручение решение цель

Avancé

предназначение формулировка спецификация обязательство регламент

Grammaire à connaître

Neuter Nouns in -ие

Задание, здание, знание follow the same declension.

Instrumental Case with 'над'

Работать над (чем?) заданием.

Genitive Plural of -ие nouns

Много заданий (ending in -ий).

Adjective Agreement (Neuter)

Сложное задание, моё задание.

Preposition 'по' + Dative

Задание по математике, действовать по заданию.

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Exemples par niveau

Это моё домашнее задание.

This is my homework.

Neuter singular nominative.

Где твоё задание?

Where is your assignment?

Possessive 'твоё' matches the neuter 'задание'.

Я делаю задание.

I am doing the assignment.

Accusative case (looks like nominative for neuter).

Это простое задание.

This is a simple task.

Adjective 'простое' is neuter.

Учитель дал задание.

The teacher gave an assignment.

Past tense verb 'дал' (masculine) refers to the teacher.

Вот первое задание.

Here is the first task.

Ordinal number 'первое' is neuter.

Ты сделал задание?

Did you do the assignment?

Perfective verb 'сделал' implies completion.

Нам нужно задание.

We need an assignment.

Dative 'нам' + 'нужно' (neuter form of need).

В тесте было десять заданий.

There were ten tasks in the test.

Genitive plural 'заданий' after the number ten.

Я не понимаю это задание.

I don't understand this assignment.

Accusative case with negation.

Мы получили новое задание.

We received a new task.

Perfective 'получили' (received).

Это задание очень трудное.

This task is very difficult.

Adjective 'трудное' is neuter.

Помоги мне с заданием.

Help me with the assignment.

Instrumental case 'с заданием' after the preposition 'с'.

Она выполнила задание быстро.

She completed the task quickly.

Perfective verb 'выполнила' (completed).

Какие задания были на уроке?

What tasks were there in the lesson?

Nominative plural 'задания'.

Я забыл своё задание дома.

I forgot my assignment at home.

Reflexive possessive 'своё' matches neuter 'задание'.

Я сейчас работаю над важным заданием.

I am currently working on an important task.

Instrumental case 'над... заданием'.

Начальник дал мне срочное задание.

The boss gave me an urgent task.

Adjective 'срочное' (urgent).

Агент отправился на секретное задание.

The agent set off on a secret mission.

Accusative case 'на... задание' indicating direction/purpose.

Вы справились с этим сложным заданием?

Did you manage this difficult task?

Verb 'справиться' requires the instrumental case with 'с'.

Это задание требует много времени.

This task requires a lot of time.

Genitive 'времени' after 'требует'.

Я получил задание подготовить презентацию.

I received the task to prepare a presentation.

Infinitive 'подготовить' explains the nature of the task.

Вам нужно выполнить это задание до вечера.

You need to complete this task by evening.

Dative 'вам' + 'нужно' + infinitive.

Это было моё первое серьёзное задание.

That was my first serious assignment.

Past tense 'было' matches neuter 'задание'.

Проект был выполнен строго по техническому заданию.

The project was completed strictly according to the technical specification.

Dative case 'по... заданию' after 'по'.

Он получил индивидуальное задание от профессора.

He received an individual assignment from the professor.

Adjective 'индивидуальное' (individual).

Это задание не входит в мои обязанности.

This task is not part of my duties.

Phrase 'входить в обязанности' (to be part of duties).

Мы обсуждали формулировку нового задания.

We were discussing the wording of the new task.

Genitive singular 'задания' after 'формулировку'.

Задание оказалось сложнее, чем мы думали.

The task turned out to be more difficult than we thought.

Comparative adjective 'сложнее'.

Они отправились в экспедицию по заданию университета.

They went on an expedition on the instructions of the university.

Phrase 'по заданию' + Genitive.

Успешное выполнение задания гарантирует премию.

Successful completion of the task guarantees a bonus.

Genitive 'задания' after the noun 'выполнение'.

Это задание требует нестандартного подхода.

This task requires an unconventional approach.

Genitive case 'подхода' after 'требует'.

Редакционное задание привело журналиста в горячую точку.

The editorial assignment brought the journalist to a hotspot.

Adjective 'редакционное' (editorial).

Вам предстоит выполнить ряд сложных заданий.

You will have to complete a series of complex tasks.

Genitive plural 'заданий' after 'ряд' (a series/row).

Задание было сформулировано крайне расплывчато.

The task was formulated extremely vaguely.

Passive participle 'сформулировано' (formulated).

Он воспринял это поручение как личное задание.

He took this commission as a personal mission.

Comparison 'как... задание'.

Государственное задание на оказание услуг было пересмотрено.

The state mandate for the provision of services was revised.

Specific term 'государственное задание'.

Приступайте к выполнению задания без промедления.

Proceed to the execution of the task without delay.

Dative case 'выполнению' after 'к'.

Это задание является ключевым для успеха всего проекта.

This task is key to the success of the entire project.

Instrumental case 'ключевым' after 'является'.

Тщательно изучите условия задания перед началом работы.

Carefully study the conditions of the task before starting work.

Genitive singular 'задания' after 'условия'.

Специфика данного задания обусловлена его междисциплинарным характером.

The specificity of this task is due to its interdisciplinary nature.

Genitive singular 'задания' after 'специфика'.

Миссия и задание в данном контексте практически синонимичны.

Mission and task are practically synonymous in this context.

Plural short adjective 'синонимичны'.

Исполнение задания было сопряжено с многочисленными рисками.

The execution of the task was associated with numerous risks.

Noun 'исполнение' (execution/performance).

В тексте прослеживается чёткое следование техническому заданию.

A clear adherence to the technical specification is traced in the text.

Dative case 'заданию' after 'следование'.

Задание подразумевает глубокое погружение в исторический контекст.

The assignment implies a deep immersion into the historical context.

Verb 'подразумевает' (implies/presupposes).

Он рассматривал свою жизнь как одно большое задание.

He viewed his life as one big mission.

Accusative case 'задание' after 'как'.

Несоответствие результата заданию привело к аннулированию контракта.

The discrepancy between the result and the task led to the annulment of the contract.

Dative case 'заданию' after 'несоответствие'.

Алгоритм получил задание на обработку колоссального массива данных.

The algorithm received a task to process a colossal array of data.

Accusative 'задание' + 'на' + Accusative 'обработку'.

Collocations courantes

домашнее задание

техническое задание

боевое задание

секретное задание

тестовое задание

выполнять задание

дать задание

сложное задание

индивидуальное задание

творческое задание

Phrases Courantes

По заданию

Получить задание

Справиться с заданием

Задание на дом

Провалить задание

Список заданий

Условия задания

Формулировка задания

Приступить к заданию

Дополнительное задание

Souvent confondu avec

задание vs здание

Means 'building'. Only one letter different ('а').

задание vs задача

Means 'problem' or 'goal'. You solve a задача, you fulfill a задание.

задание vs упражнение

Specific textbook exercise/drill.

Expressions idiomatiques

"Получить задание"

While literal, it is often used in slang to mean getting a 'hint' or 'order' from above.

Он явно получил задание сверху.

informal

"Миссия невыполнима"

Mission Impossible. Used to describe any task that seems hopeless.

Сдать этот экзамен — миссия невыполнима.

neutral

"Дать по шапке за задание"

To get scolded for a task poorly done. Not using 'задание' directly but often related.

Мне дали по шапке за проваленное задание.

informal

"Задание выполнено!"

Mission accomplished! Often used sarcastically or triumphantly.

Посуда помыта, задание выполнено!

informal

"Техническое задание — наше всё"

A common office saying meaning that the spec is the most important thing.

Не спорь с клиентом, ТЗ — наше всё.

informal

"Жить по заданию"

To live according to someone else's plan or orders.

Он не живет сам, он живет по заданию.

literary

"Задание на миллион"

A very important or extremely difficult task.

Это было задание на миллион, но я справился.

informal

"Пойти на задание"

To go on a mission. Often implies a one-way trip or high risk.

Разведчики пошли на задание ночью.

neutral

"Задание от сердца"

A task done with passion, not just because it was assigned.

Это было задание от сердца, а не по долгу.

poetic

"Сдать задание"

To hand in work. Very common in student life.

Нужно сдать задание до полуночи.

neutral

Facile à confondre

задание vs задача

Both translate to 'task' in English.

Задача is a problem to solve (math/strategy). Задание is a directive or assignment (homework/instructions).

Решить задачу (solve a problem) vs. Выполнить задание (complete an assignment).

задание vs здание

Very similar spelling and pronunciation.

Здание is a physical building. Задание is a task.

В этом здании (in this building) vs. В этом задании (in this task).

задание vs поручение

Both mean tasks given by others.

Поручение is more of a personal errand or commission. Задание is more formal or academic.

Личное поручение (personal errand) vs. Школьное задание (school assignment).

задание vs упражнение

Both used in school.

Упражнение is a specific drill (like grammar practice). Задание is the whole assignment.

Упражнение на грамматику (grammar exercise).

задание vs урок

Students use both for homework.

Урок is a 'lesson' or 'class'. Doing 'уроки' means doing homework in general.

Я делаю уроки (I am doing my homework).

Structures de phrases

Это [прилагательное] задание.

Это легкое задание.

Я сделал [существительное] задание.

Я сделал домашнее задание.

Мне дали задание [инфинитив].

Мне дали задание написать статью.

Я работаю над [инструментал].

Я работаю над сложным заданием.

По [дательный], я сделал это.

По заданию шефа, я сделал это.

Приступить к [дательный] задания.

Приступить к выполнению задания.

Задание требует [родительный].

Задание требует особого внимания.

Несоответствие [дательный] привело к...

Несоответствие результату заданию привело к проблемам.

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Extremely high in daily, academic, and professional life.

Erreurs courantes

Я решаю домашнее задание. → Я делаю/выполняю домашнее задание.
You solve (решать) a problem (задача), but you do (делать) or fulfill (выполнять) an assignment (задание).
Это был сложное задание. → Это было сложное задание.
'Задание' is neuter, so the verb 'быть' in the past tense must be 'было'.
В тесте много задания. → В тесте много заданий.
After 'много', you must use the genitive plural, which is 'заданий'.
Я вошел в задание. → Я вошел в здание.
Confusing 'задание' (task) with 'здание' (building). You enter a building, not a task.
Мой задание готово. → Моё задание готово.
'Задание' is neuter, so the possessive pronoun must be 'моё'.

Astuces

Watch the Neuter

Always remember 'задание' is neuter. Say 'моё задание', not 'мой задание'. This is a very common mistake for beginners.

Homework Collocation

Memorize 'домашнее задание' as a single block. It's much more common than just saying 'задание' for homework.

Don't Forget the A

Writing 'здание' instead of 'задание' changes the meaning from 'task' to 'building'. Always double-check that 'а'!

Learn the Abbreviation

If you work in Russia, you'll hear 'ТЗ' (te-ze) constantly. It stands for 'техническое задание'. Knowing this makes you sound like an insider.

Use 'Выполнять'

While 'делать' is okay, 'выполнять' (to fulfill) sounds much more professional when talking about work tasks.

Working 'Over' a Task

Use 'над' + instrumental: 'работаю над заданием'. It sounds much more natural than using other prepositions.

Genitive Plural

The genitive plural is 'заданий'. It's irregular compared to some other nouns, so practice it: 'много заданий'.

Gaming Context

If you see 'Задания' in a video game menu, it's your quest log. This is a great way to practice the word in a fun context.

Asking for Help

Use 'Помоги мне с заданием' (Help me with the task). It's a polite and common way to ask for assistance.

Mission Impossible

Remember 'Миссия невыполнима'. Even though it uses 'миссия', it's the cultural cousin of 'задание' and helps you remember 'невыполнимое задание'.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Za-Daniye' as 'The DA-ta you were GIVEN'. The 'DA' inside reminds you of the verb 'давать' (to give).

Association visuelle

Imagine a teacher 'handing' (DA-ing) a paper to a student. The paper is the 'задание'.

Word Web

Домашнее Техническое Боевое Секретное Тестовое Сложное Выполнить Дать

Défi

Try to use 'задание' in three different contexts today: school/learning, work/errands, and a fictional spy mission.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Old Church Slavonic verb 'задати', which is a combination of the prefix 'за-' (behind/for) and 'дати' (to give). It shares roots with the English word 'data'.

Sens originel : Something that is 'given out' or 'set forth' for someone to do.

Indo-European > Slavic > East Slavic > Russian.

Contexte culturel

No specific sensitivities; a neutral and very common word.

English speakers might use 'assignment' for school and 'task' for work. Russian uses 'задание' for both.

Миссия невыполнима (Mission Impossible) Секретное задание (1946 film) ТЗ — это святое (Office folklore)

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

School/University

домашнее задание
сдать задание
проверить задание
задание на лето

Office/Business

техническое задание
получить задание
выполнить в срок
новое задание

Military/Movies

боевое задание
секретное задание
провалить задание
отправиться на задание

Video Games

основное задание
побочное задание
журнал заданий
выполнить квест

Job Interviews

тестовое задание
оценить задание
прислать задание
результаты задания

Amorces de conversation

"Какое у нас сегодня домашнее задание по русскому?"

"Тебе уже дали задание на новый проект?"

"Как ты думаешь, это задание выполнимо?"

"Ты когда-нибудь получал секретное задание?"

"Сколько времени тебе нужно на это задание?"

Sujets d'écriture

Опишите самое сложное задание, которое вы когда-либо выполняли на работе или в школе.

Если бы вы могли дать задание всему миру, что бы это было?

Напишите о том, как вы справляетесь с ежедневными заданиями и делами.

Какое творческое задание вы бы хотели получить прямо сейчас?

Важно ли всегда следовать техническому заданию или можно импровизировать?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

It is neuter because it ends in '-ие'. This means you use neuter adjectives like 'сложное' and neuter pronouns like 'моё'. In the past tense, you say 'задание было'.

Yes, 'делать задание' is very common, especially for homework. However, 'выполнять задание' is more formal and sounds better in a professional context.

The nominative plural is 'задания'. For example: 'Эти задания очень интересные' (These tasks are very interesting).

The most common way is 'домашнее задание'. You can also say 'уроки', which is more informal (e.g., 'Я делаю уроки').

It stands for 'техническое задание' (technical specification). It is used constantly in Russian business and tech to describe project requirements.

Think of 'задача' as a 'puzzle' or 'goal' and 'задание' as 'instructions'. You solve a задача, but you follow a задание.

Yes, 'боевое задание' means a combat mission. It is a standard term for military operations.

It is 'заданий'. For example: 'У нас нет новых заданий' (We have no new tasks).

Yes, in almost all Russian localizations of RPGs, quests are called 'задания'.

Extremely common. You will hear it every day in school, at work, in movies, and in video games.

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