A2 · Élémentaire Chapitre 19

Looking Back: The Past

4 Règles totales
48 exemples
1 min
Règles dans ce chapitre Pratique rapide

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of storytelling by mastering how to describe completed actions and memories in the Swedish past.

  • Identify when to use the preterite tense instead of the present.
  • Conjugate regular weak verbs using the four main Swedish verb groups.
  • Recognize and memorize common strong verbs with vowel shifts.
Your past has a voice—let's find it in Swedish.

Ce que tu vas apprendre

Introduction to the preterite tense. Students will learn to narrate past events using regular and irregular verbs.

  • Preterite Tense (Preteritum)
    Use the Preterite for things that happened and finished in the past.
  • Weak Verbs in Past
    Add -de or -te to the verb stem to describe actions that happened in the past.
  • Strong Verbs in Past
    Strong verbs change their middle vowel instead of adding an ending to show the past.
  • Past Tense Usage
    Use Preteritum for actions that finished in the past; just watch out for those tricky irregular strong verbs!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Correctly identify the preterite form in a written Swedish text.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate regular verbs in the past tense to describe a daily routine from yesterday.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Use strong verbs like 'gick' and 'åt' to narrate a short story orally.

Exemples clés (8)

1

Köpte du mjölk?

Did you buy milk?

Preterite Tense (Preteritum)
2

Jag pratade inte med honom.

I did not talk to him.

Preterite Tense (Preteritum)
3

Jag pratade inte med honom.

I didn't talk to him.

Weak Verbs in Past
4

Köpte du mjölk i affären?

Did you buy milk at the store?

Weak Verbs in Past
5

Varför skrev du inte?

Why didn't you write?

Strong Verbs in Past
6

De sjöng en sång.

They sang a song.

Strong Verbs in Past
7

Köpte du mjölk igår?

Did you buy milk yesterday?

Past Tense Usage
8

Jag skrev inte brevet.

I did not write the letter.

Past Tense Usage

Conseils et astuces (4)

💡

Focus on the stem

Always find the infinitive stem first. If you don't know the stem, you can't add the suffix.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preterite Tense (Preteritum)
💡

Listen for the sound

Don't memorize the letter, memorize the sound. If it's soft, use -de.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Weak Verbs in Past
💡

Group by Vowel

Group verbs by their vowel shift (i-a-u). It makes memorization much easier.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Strong Verbs in Past
💡

Check the stem

Always find the infinitive stem first. If it ends in -a, it's likely Group 1.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Tense Usage

Vocabulaire clé (7)

igår yesterday tittade watched/looked åt ate drack drank förra veckan last week gjorde did/made reste traveled

Real-World Preview

coffee

Talking about the weekend

Review Summary

  • Verb Stem + Ending

Erreurs courantes

Two errors here: using the present tense instead of the past, and forgetting the V2 rule (the verb must be the second element).

Wrong: Igår jag tittar på TV.
Correct: Igår tittade jag på TV.

The verb 'köpa' has a 'p' in the stem, which is voiceless. Therefore, the ending must be '-te', not '-de'.

Wrong: Jag köpde en tidning.
Correct: Jag köpte en tidning.

Over-regularization. 'Gå' is a strong verb and does not take the '-dde' ending; it changes its stem to 'gick'.

Wrong: Han gådde hem.
Correct: Han gick hem.

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a huge part of the Swedish language. Being able to talk about the past makes your conversations much more personal and interesting. Bra jobbat (Well done)!

Write 5 sentences about what you did yesterday evening.

Listen to a simple Swedish news clip (Klartext) and write down every past tense verb you hear.

Continue to: Perfecting the Past

Pratique rapide (10)

Choose the correct form.

Hon ___ (skriva) ett brev.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: skrev
Skriva is a strong verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Strong Verbs in Past

Fix the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Jag har köpte en bil igår.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jag köpte en bil igår.
No 'har' with specific time.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preterite Tense (Preteritum)

Find the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Jag har köpte en bil igår.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jag köpte
Remove 'har' for specific time.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Tense Usage

Complete the sentence.

Han ___ (titta) på TV.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tittade
Titta is a weak verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Weak Verbs in Past

Fill in the correct past tense form.

Jag ___ (spela) fotboll.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: spelade
Spela is a weak verb, so add -de.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Weak Verbs in Past

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Jag ätade mat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jag åt mat
Äta is a strong verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Strong Verbs in Past

Fill in the blank with the Preterite of 'prata'.

Jag ___ med henne igår.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pratade
Weak verb group 1.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Preterite Tense (Preteritum)

Conjugate the verb in Preteritum.

Jag ___ (prata) med henne igår.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pratade
Group 1 verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Tense Usage

Fill in the correct preterite form.

Jag ___ (dricka) kaffe.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: drack
Dricka is a strong verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Strong Verbs in Past

Select the correct form.

De ___ (bo) i Stockholm.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bodde
Group 3 verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Tense Usage

Score: /10

Questions fréquentes (6)

It depends on the sound of the last letter of the stem. Voiced sounds take -de, unvoiced take -te.
You have to memorize them. There is no simple rule for strong verbs.
It depends on the final sound of the stem. Voiced sounds take -de, unvoiced take -te.
Weak verbs are regular. Strong verbs change their vowel. You have to memorize strong verbs.
No, but most strong verbs are irregular.
Check if it has a -de/-te suffix. If not, it's likely strong.
Chapitre suivant
Perfecting the Past
Retour à la feuille de route