Both, Either, और Neither: दो का नियम
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use these words only when talking about exactly two things to show addition, choice, or total rejection.
- Use `both` for two out of two (A + B). Example: 'I like both shirts.'
- Use `either` for one out of two (A or B). Example: 'Either day is fine.'
- Use `neither` for zero out of two (Not A and Not B). Example: 'Neither car works.'
Overview
both, either, और neither।both, either, और neither का इस्तेमाल सिर्फ और सिर्फ दो चीज़ों के लिए होता है। अगर चीज़ें तीन या उससे ज़्यादा हैं, तो हम all, any, या none का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।I ate food (Subject-Verb-Object)। इन शब्दों का इस्तेमाल करते समय भी हमें इस ढांचे का ध्यान रखना होता है।- 1
Both(दोनों):
- हिंदी कनेक्शन: जैसे हम कहते हैं, «राम और श्याम दोनों आए हैं।»
- ग्रामर रूल: क्योंकि
bothहमेशा दो लोगों या चीज़ों की बात करता है, इसलिए इसके साथ हमेशा Plural Verb (बहुवचन क्रिया) लगती है। - उदाहरण:
Both cars are expensive.(दोनों कारें महँगी हैं।)
- 1
Either(दो में से कोई एक):
- हिंदी कनेक्शन: «तुम चाय या कॉफ़ी में से कुछ भी ले सकते हो।»
- ग्रामर रूल:
eitherके साथ आमतौर पर Singular Verb (एकवचन क्रिया) लगती है, क्योंकि हम एक समय पर एक ही विकल्प की बात कर रहे होते हैं। - उदाहरण:
Either day is fine for the meeting.(मीटिंग के लिए कोई भी दिन [सोमवार या मंगलवार] ठीक है।)
- 1
Neither(दो में से कोई भी नहीं):
either का उल्टा है। इसका इस्तेमाल तब होता है जब हम दो में से किसी भी विकल्प को नहीं चुनते।- हिंदी कनेक्शन: «न मुझे चाय चाहिए, न ही कॉफ़ी।»
- ग्रामर रूल:
neitherअपने आप में 'नकारात्मक' (negative) है, इसलिए इसके साथnotलगाने की ज़रूरत नहीं होती। इसके साथ भी Singular Verb लगती है। - उदाहरण:
Neither answer is correct.(दोनों में से कोई भी जवाब सही नहीं है।)
Both | दोनों | Plural (बहुवचन) | समावेश (Inclusion) |Either | दो में से कोई एक | Singular (एकवचन) | विकल्प (Choice) |Neither | दो में से कोई भी नहीं | Singular (एकवचन) | अस्वीकार (Rejection) |Both+ Plural Noun:Both students passed.(दोनों छात्र पास हो गए।)Either+ Singular Noun:Either book is good.(कोई भी किताब अच्छी है - यानी दोनों में से कोई एक।)Neither+ Singular Noun:Neither restaurant is open.(दोनों में से कोई भी रेस्टोरेंट खुला नहीं है।)
us, them, you या the/my/these जैसे शब्दों का इस्तेमाल करते हैं, तो हमें of लगाना पड़ता है।Both of the students...Either of us...Neither of my brothers...
of के बाद आने वाला शब्द हमेशा Plural (बहुवचन) होगा, लेकिन either/neither के मामले में क्रिया फिर भी Singular ही रहेगी।Both ... and ...(यह भी और वह भी):
Both the captain and the players were happy. (कप्तान और खिलाड़ी दोनों खुश थे।)Either ... or ...(या तो यह या तो वह):
You can either have tea or coffee. (तुम या तो चाय ले सकते हो या कॉफ़ी।)Neither ... nor ...(न यह न वह):
Neither my mother nor my father knows about this. (न मेरी माँ को, न ही मेरे पिता को इस बारे में पता है।)Eitherका इस्तेमाल नकारात्मक वाक्यों में 'भी' के लिए होता है।- हिंदी में हम कहते हैं: «मुझे भी क्रिकेट पसंद नहीं है।»
- अंग्रेज़ी में:
I don't like cricket either.
too या also का इस्तेमाल नहीं होता क्योंकि वाक्य नकारात्मक है।- बाज़ार में खरीदारी (Shopping at the Market):
Either route is fine, just get me there on time. (कोई भी रास्ता ठीक है, बस मुझे समय पर पहुँचा दो।)- चाय की दुकान पर चर्चा (Tea Stall Conversations):
Neither team played well yesterday. (कल दोनों में से किसी भी टीम ने अच्छा नहीं खेला।)- ऑफिस या काम (Work and Office):
Both days are convenient for me. (मेरे लिए दोनों दिन सुविधाजनक हैं।)- पारिवारिक मिलन (Family Gatherings):
I like both Kaju Katli and Jalebi. (मुझे काजू कतली और जलेबी दोनों पसंद हैं।)- 1Double Negative (दोहरा नकारात्मक):
- गलत:
I don't like neither. - सही:
I like neither.याI don't like either. - क्यों? हिंदी में हम कहते हैं «मुझे कोई भी नहीं पसंद»। यहाँ 'नहीं' और 'कोई भी नहीं' दोनों आ जाते हैं। लेकिन अंग्रेज़ी में
neitherके अंदर 'not' पहले से ही छुपा है। इसलिए अलग सेdon'tलगाने की ज़रूरत नहीं है।
- 1Verb Agreement (क्रिया का तालमेल):
- गलत:
Neither of my friends are coming. - सही:
Neither of my friends is coming. - क्यों? हालाँकि
friendsबहुवचन है, लेकिनneitherका मतलब हैदोनों में से एक भी नहीं
। हम एक-एक करके बात कर रहे हैं, इसलिए क्रियाis(singular) होगी।
- 1Number of Items (चीज़ों की संख्या):
- गलत:
Both of the three boys. - सही:
All of the three boys. - क्यों? याद रखें,
both,either, औरneitherसिर्फ दो के लिए बने हैं। जैसे ही संख्या तीन हुई, ये शब्द रिटायर हो जाते हैं!
- 1Word Order in Negative Agreement:
- गलत:
I also don't like it.(हालाँकि यह बोलचाल में चलता है, पर व्याकरण के हिसाब से बेहतर है:I don't like it either.) - क्यों? नकारात्मक वाक्यों में 'भी' के लिए
alsoकी जगहeitherका इस्तेमाल ज़्यादा सही माना जाता है।
both लगाएँ या all, neither लगाएँ या none। इस तालिका से सब साफ़ हो जाएगा:Both | All | सब / दोनों |Either | Any | कोई भी |Neither | None | कोई भी नहीं |Both my hands are dirty.(मेरे दोनों हाथ गंदे हैं - क्योंकि हाथ दो ही होते हैं!)All my fingers are dirty.(मेरी सभी उंगलियाँ गंदी हैं - क्योंकि उंगलियाँ दस होती हैं।)
Neither of the two roads leads to Delhi.(दो में से कोई भी रास्ता दिल्ली नहीं जाता।)None of the many roads leads to the village.(कई रास्तों में से कोई भी गाँव नहीं जाता।)
either का इस्तेमाल 'भी' के अर्थ में कर सकता हूँ?She doesn't eat meat, and I don't either. (वह मांस नहीं खाती, और मैं भी नहीं खाता।)Neither of... के बाद क्रिया (verb) हमेशा Singular ही क्यों होती है?neither का मतलब है 'not one and not the other'। हम व्यक्तिगत रूप से (individually) हर चीज़ को नकार रहे हैं। इसलिए व्याकरण इसे 'एकवचन' मानता है।Either ... or में अगर एक चीज़ Singular हो और दूसरी Plural, तो क्या करें?Either the teacher or the students are responsible. (यहाँ students प्लुरल है और क्रिया के पास है, इसलिए are लगा।)Both के साथ not लगा सकते हैं?both ... not कहने के बजाय neither का इस्तेमाल करें।- गलत:
Both of them are not coming. - सही:
Neither of them is coming.
both, either, और neither का यह 'Rule of Two' आपको अच्छे से समझ आ गया होगा। अगली बार जब आप चाय की दुकान पर हों या दोस्तों के साथ क्रिकेट की बात कर रहे हों, तो इन शब्दों का सही इस्तेमाल ज़रूर आज़माएँ। बस याद रखें—गिनती सिर्फ दो तक! समझे? बस इतना ही!2. Negative Equivalents
| Structure | Equivalent Negative | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Neither...
|
Not... either
|
I like neither. / I don't like either.
|
|
Neither of...
|
Not... either of
|
Neither of them came. / They didn't either of them come (Rare).
|
Determiner and Pronoun Structures
| Word | Noun Type | Verb Agreement | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Both
|
Plural Noun
|
Plural
|
Both cars are fast.
|
|
Both of
|
the/my + Plural
|
Plural
|
Both of my cars are fast.
|
|
Either
|
Singular Noun
|
Singular
|
Either car is fine.
|
|
Either of
|
the/my + Plural
|
Singular (Formal)
|
Either of the cars is fine.
|
|
Neither
|
Singular Noun
|
Singular
|
Neither car is fast.
|
|
Neither of
|
the/my + Plural
|
Singular (Formal)
|
Neither of the cars is fast.
|
Meanings
These words are used to refer to two people or things. They help clarify if you mean the whole pair, one of the pair, or none of the pair.
Inclusion (Both)
Refers to two things together; the whole pair.
“Both restaurants are very expensive.”
“I have two brothers; both are older than me.”
Choice (Either)
Refers to one or the other of two things; it doesn't matter which.
“You can take either bus; they both go to the center.”
“Either candidate would be a good choice.”
Exclusion (Neither)
Refers to not one and not the other of two things.
“Neither key opened the door.”
“Neither of my parents speaks English.”
Correlative Pairs
Using 'both...and', 'either...or', and 'neither...nor' to connect two parts of a sentence.
“Both the cat and the dog are sleeping.”
“Either you stay or I leave.”
Reference Table
| शब्द | कार्य | अर्थ | क्रिया का मेल | संयोजक |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Both
|
Determiner/Pronoun/Conjunction
|
पहला और दूसरा
|
बहुवचन (जैसे, `are`, `have`)
|
...and...
|
|
Either
|
Determiner/Pronoun/Conjunction
|
पहला या दूसरा
|
एकवचन (जैसे, `is`, `has`)
|
...or...
|
|
Neither
|
Determiner/Pronoun/Conjunction
|
न पहला और न दूसरा
|
एकवचन (जैसे, `is`, `has`)
|
...nor...
|
|
Both of
|
Pronoun (with plural object)
|
दो में से दोनों
|
बहुवचन
|
N/A
|
|
Either of
|
Pronoun (with plural object)
|
दो में से एक
|
एकवचन
|
N/A
|
|
Neither of
|
Pronoun (with plural object)
|
दो में से कोई नहीं
|
एकवचन
|
N/A
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
Neither option is acceptable to me. (Declining two suggestions)
I don't like either of them. (Declining two suggestions)
Neither for me, thanks. (Declining two suggestions)
Nah, neither's any good. (Declining two suggestions)
दो का नियम: Both, Either, Neither
Both
- यह और वह दोनों विकल्प सत्य/चुने गए हैं.
- बहुवचन क्रिया हमेशा बहुवचन क्रिया लेता है (जैसे, 'are', 'have').
- Both...and... संयोजक जोड़ी.
Either
- यह या वह दो में से चुनाव, या दो में से एक सत्य है.
- एकवचन क्रिया आमतौर पर एकवचन क्रिया लेता है (जैसे, 'is', 'has').
- Either...or... संयोजक जोड़ी.
Neither
- न यह और न वह दो विकल्पों में से कोई भी सत्य/चुना नहीं गया है.
- एकवचन क्रिया आमतौर पर एकवचन क्रिया लेता है (जैसे, 'is', 'has').
- Neither...nor... संयोजक जोड़ी.
'Both', 'Either', 'Neither' की तुलना
Both, Either, Neither के बीच चुनाव
क्या तुम ठीक दो चीज़ों/लोगों/विकल्पों के बारे में बात कर रहे हो?
क्या तुम्हारा मतलब 'यह और वह' (दोनों सत्य/चुने गए हैं) है?
क्या तुम्हारा मतलब 'यह या वह' (एक चुनाव, या एक सत्य है) है?
क्या तुम्हारा मतलब 'न यह और न वह' (कोई भी सत्य/चुना नहीं गया है) है?
Both, Either, Neither के साथ सामान्य वाक्यांश
सकारात्मक और दोहरा
- • हम दोनों
- • दोनों पक्ष
- • Both...and...
चुनाव और विकल्प
- • किसी भी तरह से
- • उनमें से कोई एक
- • Either...or...
नकारात्मक और बहिष्करण
- • हममें से कोई नहीं
- • न इधर का न उधर का
- • Neither...nor...
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
I like both dogs.
I like both dogs.
Either is fine.
Either is fine.
Neither of them is here.
Neither of them is here.
Both my hands are cold.
Both my hands are cold.
Neither of the movies was interesting.
Neither of the movies was interesting.
You can have either tea or coffee.
You can have either tea or coffee.
Both of my parents are teachers.
Both of my parents are teachers.
I don't like either of these shirts.
I don't like either of these shirts.
Neither the manager nor the assistant was available.
Neither the manager nor the assistant was available.
Both the price and the quality are important.
Both the price and the quality are important.
Either you finish your homework or you can't go out.
Either you finish your homework or you can't go out.
I've lived in both London and New York.
I've lived in both London and New York.
Neither of the proposed solutions seems viable at this stage.
Neither of the proposed solutions seems viable at this stage.
The results were both surprising and disappointing.
The results were both surprising and disappointing.
Either the battery is dead or the motor is broken.
Either the battery is dead or the motor is broken.
I found neither of the books particularly helpful.
I found neither of the books particularly helpful.
Neither did she acknowledge her mistake, nor did she apologize.
Neither did she acknowledge her mistake, nor did she apologize.
The policy was both ambitious in scope and rigorous in execution.
The policy was both ambitious in scope and rigorous in execution.
It was a situation where either choice would lead to disaster.
It was a situation where either choice would lead to disaster.
Neither of the witnesses could provide a definitive identification.
Neither of the witnesses could provide a definitive identification.
The duality of the soul is a concept that is both ancient and enduring.
The duality of the soul is a concept that is both ancient and enduring.
Neither the inherent complexity of the task nor the looming deadline deterred him.
Neither the inherent complexity of the task nor the looming deadline deterred him.
One might argue that either interpretation is equally valid given the text's ambiguity.
One might argue that either interpretation is equally valid given the text's ambiguity.
The treaty was neither a total success nor an absolute failure, but a pragmatic compromise.
The treaty was neither a total success nor an absolute failure, but a pragmatic compromise.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners use 'neither' for groups of three or more.
Learners use 'either' when there are many options.
Learners use 'all' for pairs.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
I have three brothers, both are tall.
I have three brothers, all are tall.
I don't want neither.
I want neither / I don't want either.
Both of book are good.
Both books are good.
Either of the book is fine.
Either of the books is fine.
Neither of my parents are here.
Neither of my parents is here.
Either you come or nor I go.
Either you come or I go.
I like both of them shirts.
I like both of those shirts.
Neither the teacher nor the students is happy.
Neither the teacher nor the students are happy.
Neither he spoke nor he moved.
Neither did he speak nor did he move.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
Both ___ and ___ are ___.
Neither of the ___ is ___.
You can either ___ or ___.
Neither ___ nor ___ ___.
Real World Usage
I'll have both the soup and the salad, please.
I am comfortable working both independently and in a team.
Either time works for me! See ya.
Neither the mouse nor the keyboard is responding.
Neither of those flights has a window seat available.
Both of these dresses are on sale.
'दो के नियम' को याद रखो!
I need all three items.
संयोजक शब्दों पर ध्यान दो!
Both coffee and tea are served.
क्रिया के मेल का शॉर्टकट!
Neither my friends nor my brother is coming.
उच्चारण की आज़ादी!
Either way is fine.
'both' के साथ नकारात्मक वाक्य
Smart Tips
Always check if you can use 'either' instead of 'any' to sound more precise.
Stick to the singular verb for 'neither of' and 'either of'.
Use 'neither' for negative agreement and 'too' for affirmative agreement.
Remember that 'both of' requires 'the', 'my', 'these', etc., but 'both' alone does not.
उच्चारण
The 'Either' Split
There are two correct ways to say 'either' and 'neither'. One starts with an 'EE' sound, the other with an 'EYE' sound.
Choice Intonation
Either tea ↗ or coffee ↘?
Rising intonation on the first option, falling on the second to show a complete list of choices.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
BEN: Both (Every one), Either (Either one), Neither (No one).
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a fork in the road with two paths. Both = you take both (impossible but helpful!), Either = you pick one, Neither = you turn around and go home.
Rhyme
Both is two, Either is one, Neither is zero and then we are done!
Story
Two friends, Ben and Jerry, went to a shop. Both wanted ice cream. Either chocolate or vanilla was fine for Ben. But Jerry had no money, so neither flavor was possible for him.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Look at two objects on your desk. Say one sentence using 'both', one using 'either', and one using 'neither' about them.
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
In the UK, 'EYE-ther' is slightly more common in formal settings, while 'EE-ther' is very common in the US, though both are used in both places.
Saying 'Either is fine' is a very common way to be polite in English-speaking cultures, as it shows you are flexible and easy to please.
In legal documents, 'neither...nor' is used strictly to ensure there is no ambiguity about exclusions.
From Old English 'ba' (both) and 'ægther' (either).
बातचीत की शुरुआत
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
Which of these two cities would you rather visit: Tokyo or Paris?
Have you ever had a situation where neither of your choices was good?
In your opinion, is it better to have both a high salary and no free time, or a low salary and lots of free time?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
My parents are ___ very supportive of my career.
Find and fix the mistake:
Neither of the two books are interesting.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'No me gusta ni el café ni el té.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesI have two sisters. ___ of them are doctors.
I don't like ___ of these two paintings.
Find and fix the mistake:
Neither of the cars are working.
1. Both... 2. Either... 3. Neither...
Tom isn't here and Sarah isn't here.
Either the students or the teacher ___ responsible.
You can have ___ the red one or the blue one, but not both.
I have three friends...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesYou can take ___ the bus or the train to get there.
She can speak neither English or Spanish.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate: 'Ambos coches son rojos.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence parts:
I have two sisters, and ___ of them live in London.
Either of the two solutions are viable.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate: '¿Quieres té o café? Cualquiera de los dos está bien.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
We visited two museums, and ___ of them had interesting exhibits.
Neither my friends or my brother are coming to the concert.
Score: /13
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
No, `both` is strictly for two things. For three or more, use `all`.
In formal writing, use `is` (singular). In casual conversation, `are` (plural) is very common and accepted.
Use `either` for a choice between 2 things. Use `any` for a choice between 3 or more things.
Yes! For example: `Neither of us wanted to go.` Just remember not to use a negative verb like `didn't` with it.
Both `EE-ther` and `EYE-ther` are correct. Pick one and be consistent, or use whichever sounds more natural in the moment!
It is a short way to agree with a negative statement. If someone says 'I don't like spinach,' you say `Me neither`.
Use `nor` only when you have already used `neither` earlier in the sentence (e.g., `Neither A nor B`).
No. You can say `both books` or `both of the books`. However, with pronouns, you MUST use 'of': `both of them`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
ambos / tampoco / o...o
Spanish doesn't have a single word that functions exactly like the determiner 'neither' in 'Neither book is good'.
les deux / l'un ou l'autre / ni...ni
French requires 'ne' with 'ni...ni', whereas English 'neither' is used with an affirmative verb.
beide / entweder...oder / weder...noch
German 'beide' can sometimes be used where English would prefer 'the two'.
両方 (ryouhou) / どちらか (dochira ka)
Japanese grammar doesn't distinguish as strictly between 2 and 3+ in its basic quantifiers.
كلاهما (kilahuma)
The dual form is built into the nouns and verbs themselves in Arabic.
两个都 (liǎng gè dōu)
Chinese lacks specific binary-only words like 'either' and 'neither'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
Related Grammar Rules
'अ फ्रेंड ऑफ माइन' नियम (डबल जेनिटिव)
क्या आपने कभी किसी को यह कहते सुना है, "He's a friend of my brother's" और सोचा है, "रुको, यह अतिरिक्त 's' क्यों?" यह थोड...
No और None: शून्य के बारे में बात करना
Overview आप अपना फ्रिज खोलते हैं। आप भूखे हैं। आपको स्नैक चाहिए। आप अंदर देखते हैं। वहां `no` खाना है। आपका पेट गुड़गुड़...
Some और Any: बुनियादी मात्रा
Overview क्या तुम कभी खुले फ्रिज के सामने खड़े हुए हो, उस अकेले पड़े दही (yogurt) को घूरते हुए और सोच रहे हो कि अपने रूममे...
All बनाम The Whole: कुल के बारे में बात करना
Overview क्या आपने कभी खुद को TikTok स्क्रॉल करते हुए पाया है और सोचा है, "मैंने इस पर `all the morning` बिता दी," और फि...
अधिकारवाचक विशेषण: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
### अवलोकन Possessive adjectives, यानी 'my', 'your', 'his', 'her', 'its', 'our', 'their' जैसे शब्द, English grammar के ब...